VALUE BASED QUESTIONS

ELECTROSTATICS
1.
Savitha has a paisa coin made up of AI-Mg alloy and weighs 0.75g. It
has a square shape and its diagonal measures 17 mm. It is electrically
neutral and contains equal amounts of positive and negative charges.
(a)
Treating the paisa coins made up of only Al; find the magnitude
or equal numbers of positive and negative charges. What conclusion
do you draw from this magnitude?
(b)
It is electrically neutral and contains equal amounts of positive
and negative charge of magnitude 34.8 kC. Suppose that these equal
charges were concentrated in two point charges separated by (i) 1 cm
(1/2x diagonal of the one paisa coin), (ii) 100m (~length of a long
buildings) and (ii) 106 m (radius of the earth). Find the force on each
such point charge in each of the three cases. What do you conclude
from these results?
2.
A man travelling in a car during heavy rain and thunderstorm sees a
boy standing under a tree. He immediately stops his car and asks the boy to
get inside the car and saves him from a possible natural calamity.
(a)
What danger did the boy have while standing under the tree
during the thunderstorm?
(b)
How is it safer inside the car during such weather?
(c)
What according to you, are the values displayed by the man to
help the boy?
(d)
Give another example from everyday life situations which
represent display of similar values
3.
Vijay was preparing an electronic project for science exhibition. He
required a capacitance of 2F having a capacity to operate under 1 kV
potential. He went to a shop to purchase it. Shopkeeper was having only
1F capacitors of 400 V rating. Vijay calculated minimum numbers of
capacitors of 1F so that he could arrange them to form a capacitor of 2F
value.
(a)
What values do you judge in Vijay?
(b)
Show the calculations done by Vijay.
4.
During a thunderstorm, Rohan and his friends were in the middle of a
jungle. His friends were standing under a tree. Rohan advised them not to
stand there. Rather he suggested that they move back to the bus. He
explained them that they are safe inside the bus due to electrostatic
shielding.
(a) What are the values exhibited by Rohan?
(b)What is electrostatic shielding?

5.
Geeta has dry hair. A comb ran through her dry hair attract small bits
of paper. She observes that
Neeta with oily hair combs her hair; the comb could not attract small bits of
paper. She consults her teacher for this and gets the answer. She then
goes to the junior classes and shows this phenomenon as Physics
Experiment to them. All the junior s feel very happy and tell her that
they will also look for such interesting things in nature and try to find the
answers .she succeeds in forming a Science Club in her school.
(a) What according to you are the values displayed Geeta?
6.
An elderly woman went alone to the Registrars office to disburse
her property. When she enquired in the office she was asked to get a Xerox
copy of the document which works under electrostatic induction. The Xerox
shop was far away and across the road. She took the help of the passer-by
and got her Xerox done.
(a) What values did the passer-by have?
(b) How does a neutral body get charged by electrostatic induction?

2
7.
Ram and Shyam went to the trade fair. They were busy in a
crowded corner where balloons were sold. A child was seen troubling his
parent and crying for something. On seeing this, Ram went to the child and
said that he would perform a trick with balloons. Ram took two balloons and
Shyam helped him to inflate and tie. When the balloons were rubbed with the
sweater he was wearing, they were attracted. When taken nearer to wall,
the balloons got stuck. The child enjoyed and stopped crying.
(a) Give two values of Ram and Shyam.
(b) How did the balloons get attracted? Will they repel also?
8. Mr. Kishan is a farmer who was staying happily in a hut made of hey and
leafy roof. It is easy for him to renovate his home with new leaves every year
as the good quality palm leaves he get free of cost and it is
environment friendly. Most of the village people are satisfied with the same
type of huts there. But one day during heavy lightning, many of the huts
were burnt to ashes and people were sad and disappointed. Mr. Sekhar works
in electricity department and has good knowledge of current affairs. He soon
reached the spot along with his friends and pacified them and made
arrangements for their comfortable stay. The very next day the team could
erect many lightning conductors and few cavities of metal conductors and
made

awareness to the villagers about lightning and the use of things installed
there.
(a) What according to you, are the values displayed by Mr. Sekhar and
his friends to help Mr. Kishan and the village people?
(b) What is the principle behind working of a lightning conductor?
(c) Also by applying Gauss theorem show that net electric field inside
the metallic cavity is zero.
9. Arun had to repaint his car when he was reminded by the car company for
his regular car service. He told them to do spray painting of mountain dew
colour. The company also replied that they usually perform spray painting
only as wastage is minimized and even painting achieved.
(a) What values did the car service company have?
(b) If spray painting is done by electrostatic induction, how is even
painting achieved?
10. In Akashs classroom the fan above the teacher was running very slowly.
Due to which his teacher was sweating and was restless and tired. All his
classmates wanted to rectify this. They called for an electrician who came
and changed the capacitor only after which the fan started running fast.
(a) What values did Akash and his classmates have?
(b) What energy is stored in the capacitor and where?
11.
Ashwin asked his Physics teacher why voltmeter, galvanometer and
ammeter are kept in a cavity inspite of its outer covering being made of an
insulator.
(a) What values did Ashwin have?
(b) Explain Faradays cage or electrostatic shielding.

Current Electricity.
Q: 1.Mrs Thakur left her car headlights on while parking. The car would not
start when she returned.
Seeing her struggle, Mohit went to her help. Not knowing much about cars,
he ran and brought a
mechanicRaju from a garage nearby. Raju realized that the battery had got
discharged as the headlight had been left on for a long time. He brought
another battery and connected its terminals to the

terminals of the car battery to get the engine started. Once the engine was
running, he disconnected
this second battery. This is known as JUMP STARTING. Mrs. Thakur thanked
both Mohit and Raju for
helping her.
(i)What values did Mohit have?
(ii) A storage battery of emf 8.0 volts and internal resistance 0.5 ohm is
being charged by a 120
volt DC supply using a series resistor of 15.5 ohms. What is the terminal
voltage of the battery
during charging? What is the purpose of having a series resistor in the
charging circuit?

Q: 2.RenuRitu and Kajal lived in a resettlement colony where they observed

most houses stole power
from transmission lines using hooks. They had learnt in school about fire
caused due to electric short
circuit. They decided to make people aware of the risks involved and also the
importance of paying their
electricity bills. They got all their friends and responsible elders together and
with the help of the
electricity board, succeeded in changing the situation.
What values did Renu, Ritu and Kajal have?
A low voltage supply from which one needs high currents must have a very
low internal
resistance, why?
A high tension supply of say 6 KV must have a very large internal
resistance. Why?

Q: 3. Rahul and Rohit bought an electric iron. They had a 2 pin plug. Rahul
was keen to start using the
new iron with the 2 pin plug. However, Rohit insisted that they buy a 3 pin
plug before using it. Rahul
got angry. Rohit patiently explained the importance of using a 3 pin plug and
the earthing wire. He said
that if the metallic body of the iron came in contact with the live wire at 220
volts, they would get an
electric shock. If earthed, the current would go to the earth and the potential
of the metallic body
would not rise. The iron would then be safe to use. Hearing Rohit, Rahul
calmed down and agreed.
What values did Rahul and Rohit have?
Which has greater resistance 1 K watt electric heater or 100 watt electric
bulb, both
marked 220 volts?

Q: 4.Sachin had gone to meet his grandfather who was staying in a village. In
the evening, they were
both watching TV, when suddenly the lights went off. Grandfather told Sachin
that the fuse must have
blown up as all their neighbors had electricity. Luckily Sachin knew how to
change a fuse. His
grandfather was happy and told him that if he had been alone, he would
have had to spend the night in
the dark without a fan. Sachin felt and made up his mind to replace the fuse
with a circuit breaker which
uses a solenoid with a core so that his grandfather would not have any
problems in future.
What values did Sachin have?

 The main power supply of a house is through a 5 ampere fuse. How many
100 watt
bulbs can be used in the house simultaneously at 220 volts?
MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT& MAGNETISM
1. MrNarasimhan a 65 year old person often complained of neck pain. One
day his grandson Avinash, suggested that magnetic therapy is very effective
in reducing such pains. He said that the permanent magnet/electromagnet,
used in the device will help to produce Joules heating effects in the blood
stream, which helps the blood flow better. He immediately contacted his
friend in Chennai, who was running Magnetic Therapy Clinic.
Mr Narasimhan who felt better.
(a).What two values did Avinash exhibit towards his grandfather? Mention
any two
(b). What is the SI unit of magnetic induction and define it?
Ans. (a)Responsiblebehaviour, concern and awareness
(b) Tesla (defn)
2. MsUdaya joined a PG course in Nanotechnology lab in IIT Chennai. The
first day, when she went to the lab, she met Mr. Antonio, the lab
assistant.He greeted her and advised her not to touch the wires which were
suspended from the roof at every part of the lab as they were from high
voltage lines. He also told her not to bring any of the two wires closer to each
other during any experimental applications. He helped her in understanding
about the precautions that has to be taken in the lab.
(a) What value did Mr. Antonio exhibit towards Ms. Udaya? Mention any two
(b)Why two high voltage power transmission lines should not be close to
each
other?
(a) Responsible behaviour, sensitivity, concern for others and alerting the
People
3. In the birthday party of Bharat, a class 7student, his parents gave big
slinkys to all his friends as return gifts. The next day, during the physics
classMr Mohan, the teacher explained them about the production of
magnetic fields using current carrying coil and also said that they can make
magnets, using such coils by passing high currents through
them. That night Sumanth, a friend of Bharat, asked his father about the
coils, and their shape. His father asked him to bring the slinky, that his
friend gave and explained the uses of toroid and solenoid.
(a)What value did Sumanths father exhibit towards his son?
(b).What is the difference in the fields produced by the solenoid and Toroid?

Ans(a)Responsibility, makes his child to understand the concepts and to

generate interest in the subjects
b)The magnetic field lines in a toroid is concentric circles whereas in solenoid
it is straight within the turns.
4 .MsLavanya a house wife aged 42 years complained of stomach ache one
day. Her husband MrSrinivas took her to a nearby hospital. The doctor
observed her and found something wrong near her liver and suspected
malignancy. There after checking her MRI scan, a team of doctors advised
her to go through Carbon radio therapy which is very safe. They said using
cyclotron, high speed ions can be generated that directly attach the
cancerous tissues and destroy them.
(a). What values did Mrsrinivas and the doctor have exhibited? Mention any
two. (b).What are the role played by Electric field and magnetic fielding
Cyclotron?
Ans.(a) concern for others, helpfulness, presence of mind, responsible citizen
(b)The charged particles are accelerated by the electric field and
magnetic field provides the necessary centripetal acceleration.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENT
1.Poonam went to the market with her mother & decided to come back
home by metro. At the Metro station they were made to pass through a
gateway for security check. Poonam passed through it & was waiting for her
mother to come. She heard a long beep when her mother passed through
the metal detector gateway. Poonam was confused why metal detector
beeped in case of her mother. She asked the dutystaff who explained her in
detail. Both were satisfied with the security system.(I) What values are
displayed by Poonam?(II) What is the cause of sound through metal detector?
(III) Write the principle on which the metal detector works.
2. Mr. Nagpal Dixit, a retired Physics Teacher was working in his field with his
grandson. There was a big high tension tower carrying thick wires in their
field. The grandson told him that they should remove the tower from their
field, so that they may get more space for crops. Mr.Dixit explained to him
that they cannot remove the tower.
(i) What values was displayed by Mr. Nagpal Dixit?(ii)Why us long distance
AC transmission done at very high voltage?(iii)What do you think is the
necessity of the high tension tower?
3.One Sunday Umang and Ruhi went to their friend, Pawans home. Suddenly
the ceiling fan of the room in which they were sitting stopped working.
Umang was an engineer so he first switched off the power supply of the fan
and opened the cap of the fan to check the problem. Pawan and Ruhi tried to

stop him but he did not listen. The moment he touched the interior part of
the fun, he fell down because of an electric shock. All friends were scared as
to what has happened as the power supply was already switched off.
(i) What negative trait do you think has been displayed by Umang?(ii)What
could be the possible cause nof electric shock?(iii) Write expression of
current and emf of the component used in fan with phase difference.
4. In Niketansneighbourhood, there are small workshops which use electrical
generators. These generators generate lot of pollution. Niketan along with
his friends did a survey and found out that like in multistoreyed apartments,
a common generator could be set up for all these small workshops so that
the noise & air pollution could be reduced considerably. They had a tough
time convincing the local bodies &noe they are going tp the NGOs & some
financiers to help them organise funds to do the needful.(i) What values did
Niketan and his friends have?(ii) Kamala pedals a stationary bicycle bicycle,
the pedals of which are attached to a 100 turn coil of area 0.10m2. The coi;
rotates at half a revolution per second & is placed in a uniform magnetic field
oof 0.01T perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the coil. What is the
maximum voltage generated in the coil?
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Q.1 Maxwell from his studies concluded that an electric field and a magnetic
field changing with time in a direction perpendicular to each other produce
a disturbance which propagates in a direction perpendicular to both the
fields.This disturbance is called electromagnetic wave.The em wave is of
transverse nature.The velocity of em wave in vacuum is c=1/( 00)1/2Where
0=magnetic permeability of free space and 0=electrical permittivity of free
space.The wavelength of electromagnetic wave varies over a wide range
from 10-14m to 103m.The em wave of different wavelengths travel with same
speed in vacuum but move with different speeds in any medium.Read the
above passage and answer the following question:(i)What are the various
electromagnetic waves whose wavelength is less than the smallest
wavelength of visible light?(ii)How do you conclude that white light travels in
vacuum with a speed 3108ms-1?(iii)What do you learn from the above
study ?(God has created all human belings alike.When they are expose to
different environment of the world and family,their thinking/views/speeds
become different.God wants us to live in peace treating every one as equal)
Q2 Rahim was a student of science and was suffering from disease.He was
under treatement of a registered medical practioner.The doctor sent Rahim

repeatedly for X-ray examination.Rahim was hestitant for the same.He told
the doctor that they had been taught that the repeated exposure to X-rays
would be harmful.The doctor told him not to worry as he knew things
better.Read the above passage and answer the following question:(i)For what
purpose X-ray examination of a patient is required by a doctor?(ii)Is the
doctor right to ask Rahim for repeated X-ray examination?(iii)What do you
learn from this study?(The doctor is not expected to misguide a patient for
extraneous considerations.For a patient the doctor is next only to God.He
should always provide a fair treatement)
Q3 Nitin and Rajeev were studying the effect of certain radiations on flower
plants.Nitin exposed his plants to ultraviolet rays,found that his plants got
damaged after a few days.Rajeev exposed his plants to infrared rays,found
that his plants had a beautiful bloom,after a few days.Read the above
passage and answer the following question:(i)What is the difference between
ultraviolet rays and infrared rays?(ii)Why were the plants exposed to
ultraviolet rays damaged and the plants exposed to infrared rays had a
beautiful bloom?(iii)What are the basic values you have learnt from this
study?(This study implies that small children are like flower plants.They
require soft and gentle care by their mothers.Exposure of young kids to
harsher treatement is dangerous and it must be avoided.
Q4 During Diwali festival,Rajender brought a new microwave oven in his
house and told his wife Sarika to use the same carefully .He also told her that
microwave oven is to be used for slow heating of the vegetables and food
articles upto moderate temperature as that will preserve the food values
.The fast cooking of food items at high temperatures will take away the food
values from the food.Further,the vegetables or food items to be heated in
oven are to be kept in a porcelain vessel and not in a metallic vessel.Read
the above paragraph and answer the following question:(i)What is the basic
principle of working of microwave oven?(ii)Why is it advised to use porcelain
vessel for heating the food items in microwave oven?(iii)What basic values
do you learn from this stuny?(just like slow and low heating of food preserve
the food values but fast and intense heating destroy it,sudden rises in day to
day life is also harmfull.Instead,steady rises are appreciable.
Q5 Four persons went on an excursion on a hill top where temperature was
quite low.One of them fell sick.The other persons put a blanket on
him,collected the pieces of dry wood and ignited fire in his vicinity.After
sometime the sick person felt better.Read the above passage and answer the
following question:(i)What are the type of rays coming from fire?(ii)Why did

the sick person feel better while seating near the fire?(iii)What basic values
do you learn from this study?( We learn that presence of mind and proper
use of the things available help to save a difficult situation.)
Q6 Electromagnetic wave have wide range of wavelengths starting from 10 14
m to 103m.The em wave of different wavelength are used for different
purposes.The y-rays which have lowest wavelength are most energetic
electromagnetic waves and radiowaves which have largest wavelength are
least energetic.Read the above passage and answer the following question:
(i)What are the most energetic waves, x-rays or ultra violet rays?(ii)Why are
the radio waves not used to detect fracture in the bones of a human body
when they can deliver a message at large distance ?(iii)What are the basic
values displayed by above study?(just as different e.m wave have different
applications depending on their wavelength, in the same way, every person
have different qualities ,which make him suitable for different
purposes/fields.The aim of a teacher or manager is to identify the quality in
different children/persons and put them to their best use accordingly.)
Q7 A man is running with a magnet in his hand .(i)Will the em wave be
generated in the above activity?(ii)Will he see the wave if generated?
(iii)What do you learn from this activity.(the frequency of the wave generated
depend on speed of the man.We learn that in everyday life also in what way
or whatever we do,its effect may not be in visible region but it affects in the
same way.There is a definite cause of every effect.We should think twice
before taking any step.)by a doctor?(ii)Is the doctor right to ask Rahim for
repeated X-ray examination?(iii)What do you learn from this study?(The
doctor is not expected to misguide a patient for extraneous onsiderations.For
a patient the doctor is next only to God.He should always provide a fair
treatement)
8.Sabella used an induction stove and explains to her neighbor that due to
shortage of LPG one must utilize other sources that are available to produce
heat energy; being a Physics teacher Isabella, explains that the Oil
companies are trying their best to meet the demands for LPG and that as a
good citizen one must use other sources wherever feasible. Isabella uses an
induction stove having a value of 7H inductor and the flow of current is from
10Ato 7A in 9 x 10-2 seconds. In the above, what is the quality you find in the
Physics teacher?Calculate the emf generated in the above? (ANS: concern
for the nation, cost economic attitude, sharing knowledge, &
b) e = -L
dI / dt, = 233.3V)

9.A woman and her daughter of class XII in KV were in the kitchen,
preparing a feast for visitors using the new microwave oven purchased
last evening. Suddenly, the daughter noticed sparks inside the oven
and unplugs the connection after switching it off. She found that inside
the microwave oven a metallic container had been kept to cook
vegetable. She informs her mother that no metallic object must be used
while cooking in microwave oven and explains the reasons for the
same.
a) What attitude of the daughter inspires you?
b) Give another use of a microwave oven
c) The frequency of microwave is 3 x 1011 Hz. Calculate its
wavelength.
(ANS: Presence of mind, Knowledge of subject; b) used in
telecommunication; & c) =
/c = (3 x 1011))/ (3 x 108). = 10-3.
10.Gopal visits his friend Naresh. In his house Naresh was playing with
his kid sister and in spite of the broad day light, Gopal notices the tube
light burning and advises him to save electricity; He also claims that the
heat inside the room increases which would lead to global warming.
a) What are the values associated with the decision saving
electricity?
b) Which electromagnetic wave is responsible for increase in the
average temperature of the earth? Give other applications of
the electromagnetic wave.
(ANS: a) concern for society/nation, awareness about global
warming,
b) infrared waves; applications- to treat
muscular strain, solar water heaters & cookers)

RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

1) Ram has been observing his friend that he is unable to read the letters
written on the black board and then he has told the same to his Physics
teacher. Physics teacher has advised him to meet eye specialist. Finally the
problem got solved.
a) What values that ram and his physics teacher shown?
b) With what defect the boy was suffering?
c) What the doctor would have suggested?
2) Snehal studying in class III and she was fascinated towards the night sky
with stars and she wanted to see them a bit closer. She asked her brother
studying in class XII that how her wish can be fulfilled? Her brother has made
one optical instrument and shown the stars to her.
a) What values that the girl and his brother shown?
b) What instrument would have prepared to show the stars?
c) What is the magnification of it?
d) How do we select the lenses for it?
3) Shankar participated in a group discussion in a school on Human eye and
its defects. In the evening he noticed that his uncle is reading a book by
placing it at a distance of 60 cm or more from his eye. He advised for eye
check up and the problem got solved.
a) What values Shankar has shown?
b) With what defect the uncle was suffering?
c) What the doctor would have suggested?
d) Suggest the focal length/power for reading the spectacle for his uncle?
4) A boy observed a sweet shop without any mirrors and he gave the
suggestion to the seller to put 4 to 5 mirrors so that the no of sweets may be
appeared more.
a) What value the boy has shown?
b) What is the principle behind this suggestion?

5) Hari read in news that optical fibre has revolutionized the telephone
industry. He asked the teacher on the next day how the statement is correct.
The teacher has given a satisfied answer.
a) What values the boy and physics teacher has shown?
b) On what principle the optical fiber works?

WAVE OPTICS :
Q: 1. A child is observing a thin film such as a layer of oil on water show
beautiful colours when illuminated by while light. He feels happy and
surprised to see this. His teacher explains him the reason behind it .The child
then gives an example of spreading of kerosene oil on water to prevent
malaria and dengue.
What value was displayed by his teacher ?
Name the phenomenon involved ?
(i) Value appreciation of Nature
(ii) Interference of light
Q: 2. Ravi is using yellow light in a single silt diffraction experiment with silt
width of 0.6 mm. The teacher has replaces yellow light by x-rays. Now he is
not able to observe the diffraction pattern. He feels sad. Again the teacher
replaces x-rays by yellow light and the diffraction pattern appears again. The
teacher now explains the facts about the diffraction and
Which value is displayed by the teacher ?
Give the necessary condition for the diffraction.
(i) Motivation
(ii) As the wavelength of x-rays is much smaller than that of yellow light, so
the diffraction pattern is lost when the yellow light is replaced by x-rays.
3. Two students were doing the polarisation of light activity using two
Polaroids and found that when the axes of both Polaroids were parallel the
intensity of emergent light was maximum .when they were about to find out

the the intensity of emergent light when the axes of both were
perpendicular one of the Polaroids fell down and broke .One student
immediately went to inform it to the Physics teacher ,the other stopped him.
Which value is displayed by the first student ?
What would be the expected result when the axes of both were
perpendicular ?
(i) Value Responsible, Sincere, honest.
(ii) the intensity of emergent light is minimum.
4. Rohan observed that thin films such as soap bubble a thin layer of oil on
water show beautiful colours when illuminated by white light. He felt happy
and surprised to see that. He went to his physics teacher to understand the
reason behind it. The teacher explained him that a thin film of oil spread over
water shows interference of light due to the interference between the light
waves reflected by the lower and upper surfaces of the film on
understanding this phenomena well, Rohan then gave an example of thin
film of kerosene oil which is spread over water to prevent malaria and
dengue.
(a) Why are the values being displayed by Rohans teacher?
(b) Why does a soap bubble show beautiful colours?
Ans.
(a) Appreciation of nature and motivation.
(b)Light waves reflected from the upper and lower surfaces of thin film
interfere. Since the condition of bright and dark fringes are satisfied at
different positions of different wavelengths so coloured fringes are
seen.
5. Jivin observed that when a sheet of transparent plastic is placed between
two crossed polarizers, no light is transmitted. When the sheet is stretched in
one direction, some light passes through the crossed polar risers. He was
surprised to see that and out of shear enthusiasm, he went to his physics
teacher for knowing the reason behind it. The teacher explained him that the
stretched plastic sheet turns into a Polaroid and allows fraction of light pass
through it.
(a) What are the values being displayed by Jivin here?

(b) When the plastic sheet is stretched in one direction, some light passes
through the crossed polarizers. What is happening?
Ans.
(a) Power of observation and curiosity
(b)When the sheet is stretched, the polymer molecules in it make it
Polaroid with its own polaroid axis. Now we have three Polaroids with
the middle Polaroid having its axis between the axis of the two outer
polaroids. That is why some light is transmitted in this case.
6.During summer vacation Radha and Rani decided to go for a 3 D FILM.
They have heard about this film through their friends. They were asked buy
special glasses to view the film. Before they go for a movie, they approached
their Physics teacher to know about these glasses. Physics teacher explained
when two polarizers are
kept
perpendicular to each other(crossed
polarizers) the left eye sees only the image from the left end of the projector
and the right eye sees only the image from the right lens. The two images
have the approximate perspectives that the left and right eyes would see in
reality the brain combine the images to produce a realistic 3-D effect.
a) What qualities do these girls possess?
b) What do you mean by Polarization?
c) Mention the other applications of polarization.
(ANS: a) Curiosity to learn, approaching the teacher to learn new
things, inquisitiveness
a) Refer NCERT text book) & c) Sun glasses, LCD,CD players)

Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

1. Work function of a metal is the minimum amount of energy required by
an electron, to just escape from the metal surface without any kinetic
energy. The expression for work function of metal is 0 = h0= hc/0,
where h is Plancks constant, 0 is the threshold frequency, 0is the
threshold wavelength and c is the velocity of light in vacuum.
Read the above paragraph and answer the following questions:
(i)
Why different metals have different work function?
(ii)
What is the threshold wavelength of the incident radiation for a
metal surface whose work function is 1.2 eV?
(iii) What do you learn from this study?

Answers
(i)

Work function of a metal depends upon the amount of restraining

forces acting on the electrons to be ejected. In different metals the
amount of restraining forces on the electrons to be ejected is
different. Hence. Work function for different metals is different.
(ii)
0 = hc/ 0
= (6.63x10-34) x (3x108)/ (1.2x1.6x10-19)
= 1037x10-9 m
(iii) What we understand from this study is that sufficient
energy/potential(basic knowledge and understanding)is required to
succeed and excel in all our endeavours.
2. Know your face beauty through complexion meter was one of the
stall on a science exhibition. A student interested to know his/her face
beauty was made to stand on a platform and light from a lamp was
made to fall on his/her face. The reading of complexion meter
indicated the face beauty of the student which might be very fair, fair,
semifair, semidark and dark,etc.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i)
What is the basic concept used in the working of complexion
meter?
(ii)
How is the face beauty recorded by face complexion meter?
(iii) What basic values do you learn from the above study?
Answers
(i)
(ii)

(iii)

Photoelectric effect
The reading of complexion meter depends on the current generated
from the light reflected from the face. Fairer the colour more is the
light reflected and vice versa.
It is understood that fairer the skin, better the appearance. This is
only physical / outer personality. The inner beauty is valued by the
virtue he/she possesses which gives a better personality to a
person. So, more the inner light, better the radiation.

3. According to Planks quantum theory of light, every source of radiation

emits photons (i.e., packets of energy) which travels in all directions
with the same speed (i.e., speed of light). Each photon is of energy E=
h = hc/, where h is Plancks constant, is the frequency and is the
wavelength of radiation emitted. The photons emitted from different
sources of radiation are different.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

On what factors does the number of photons emitted per second

from a source of radiation depend?
Why are the high energy photons not visible to eyes?
Which basic values do you learn from this study?
Answers

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

The number of photons emitted per second from a source of

radiation depends on its temperature, nature and area of radiating
surface.
The retina of our eye is sensitive to visible light whose frequency
range is 4 x 1014 Hz. to 8 x 1014 Hz. High energy photons are of
frequency much higher than 8 x 1014 Hz. They do not produce any
sensation on our retina. Hence, they cannot be seen by our eyes.
Like photons, the goodness of a person would be emitted by
cultivating good qualities, ethics and morals. So one should live
amidst good people and follow them.

4. Ms. Dhivya lives alone with her grandparents and when she goes to
school; her grandparents are left alone at home. She was worried
about their safety due to increased burglary cases in the city. One day
she was watching a programme on TV in which they told about
burglars alarm. The very next day she went to market and got the
burglar alarm installed in her house.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i)
How can a burglar alarm provide safety against burglary?
(ii)
What values are exhibited by Ms. Dhivya?
(iii) What other application one can find using the same principle?
Answers
(i)

(ii)
(iii)

Ultraviolet light is continuously made to fall on a photocell installed

at the doorways/windows. When a person enters through the door
or window, he interrupts the beam falling on the photocell. This
abrupt change in photocurrent starts the ringing of an electric bulb.
General awareness, caring nature, concern for old people,
responsibility, presence of mind etc.
To produce sound in movies, To count vehicles passing at a point,
Automatic control of street light system, Automatic opening of
doors/windows

5. Radiation has dual nature, i.e. it possesses the properties of both wave
and particle. This prompted de-Broglie to predict dual nature of moving

material particles. Thus waves are associated with moving material

particles which are called matter waves. The wavelength of matter
waves is given by = h/m, where m is the mass, is the speed of the
particle and h is Plancks constant.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i)
How was the wave nature of electron established?
(ii)
What are the de-Broglie wavelengths associated with a particle (i) at
rest (ii) moving with infinite speed?
(iii) What are the basic values displayed by this study?
Answers
(i)

(ii)
(iii)

Davission and Garner observed diffraction patterns of slow moving

electrons. As diffraction is essentially a wave phenomenon, it was
concluded that wave must be associated with moving electrons.
At rest, = 0, = h/m = h/mx0 =
Particle moving at infinite speed, = = h/m = h/m x = 0
Like the wave nature of electrons, the almighty is also omnipotent
and it depends on how we realize Him

6. Hitesh has a camera filled with photoelectric cell for automatic

adjustment so that he can click pictures of girls without being noticed
by them or others. Though photography is a nice hobby, he cannot
indulge in such unlawful act.
What do you think about this and how do you react?
Answer
This act amounts to misuse of camera and interfering into others
privacy which is not permitted by law. This would lead to confiscation
of camera and legal action against him which would be detrimental to
his career progress. I will advise him of the consequences and prevent
him into such an act.
7. Little Simi used to see white light radiating from mercury lamp
installed in her street. Initially it was so soothing that she kept on
looking at it for hours. After some time her eyes were paining, has
become red and constantly watering.
What happened to her eyes? Why is itirritating?
Answer

Glare of powerful lights due to radiation effect, affect the eyes and
so one should not see it for so long. She should take rest and splash
plain water on her eyes to get rid of irritation.
8. Sonakshi works in a diagnostic lab on an X-ray machine. While treating
patients, she used to neglect safety measures thinking that there are
no ill-effects of X-rays. Subsequently she suffered from problems like
charred skin, bad eye sight etc.
What do you think is the problem and what she should have done while
operating this machine?
Answer
X-rays have high penetrating power and so should not be exposed to
the path of X-Rays. While attending to patients being X-rayed she
should have used gloves and masks for protection.
ATOMS AND NUCLEI
1.While studying the nature of nuclear forces, Vinod found that the
overall attraction between nucleus was about 100 times greater than
repulsion between two protons situated at a distance of about 1 fm (10-15).
He was amazed by this fact.
(a) What values are possessed by vinod?
(b)Calculate the repulsive force between two protons kept 1 fm away
inside a nucleus. Why does such big force become ineffective to pull
apart the nucleus?
ANS :- (a) Vinod has scientific mind and take pleasure in exploring
new scientific facts and ideas
(c) p____________________p
10-15m
qp =1.6 x 10- 19 c
F= kq2/ r2 = 9x 109 x(1.6 x 10- 19)2/(10-15)2
= 230.4 N.
2. Two students Ram and Anand were reading the newspaper. The
Headlines in the news paper was about the nuclear power plant which was
to be set up at Kodangulam. This was objected to by the local people.
There was a healthy debate about nuclear power plant between Ram and
Anand. Ram was supporting the people who were objecting, saying that
power plant will emit harmful radiations and local people will be affected

by it. Whereas Anand was against Rams views. He mentioned that great
scientists, including our former President Dr. Abdulkalam, and our
Government had taken every care to provide safety measures with the
best and latest technology.
a) What do you think of the new Kunagulam power plant a boon or a
sin?
b) Define nuclear fission .
c) What is the role of control rods in nuclear reactor?
(ANS: a) boon power plant would eradicate power shortage, and
the Tamilnadu govt. can also sell excess power to other states; b) &
c) Refer NCERT Text Book)
3. Ajay of class XII had a passion to become an Astronaut. He always
spoke about the astronauts and their life in the space with others. He
was encouraged by his teachers, parents and his friends. He completed
XII with merit and became a scientist in ISRO. He got an opportunity to
work in NASA. One day his dream came into reality as he was asked to
fly to space with three of his colleagues. In the space he experienced a
state of weightlessness.
a) What made Ajay to fulfill his dream? AND
b) What do you mean by weightlessness?
(ANS: a) Determination, hardworking, curiosity; b) It is a situation in
which the observed weight of the body becomes zero)
4. In Mayapuri, scraps were found to emit high energy radiations which
harmed large number of people. It was sold by professors of Delhi
University to Kabariwala. There are certain elements like Cobalt-60
which, emit radiations at their own and this phenomenon is called
radioactivity. There are three kinds of rays,i.e -rays, -rays, -rays ,particles are high energy helium nuclei, - particles are negatively
charged particles similar to electrons.- rays are highly energetic
radiations which have very high penetrating power.
(i)
Which rays are used for treatment of cancer?
(ii)
What is the source of - rays used for treatment of cancer?
(iii) What for HPV vaccines used?
(iv) What values are not possessed by people disposing off
radioactive waste materials?
ANS (i) - rays (ii) Cobalt-60 (iii) It Is used to prevent cervical cancer
which is caused by HPV (Human pupilomavirus) (iv) They are not
concerned with the health of other people.
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
1. Two students namely Ranjan and Praveen was asked to take up a project on
efficient lightin
for road ways, cycle paths and bus lanes. They found

LED IS THE BEST source for the above

said reasons. They collected
the information from various sources and submitted the projec
about its working, advantages and its applications by presenting with a good
working model
a) By seeing these two students, what kind of qualities you
want adopt from them.
b) Explain LED with neat diagram and draw its symbol.
( ANS:
a) Initiative, curiosity, punctuality, obedience & b) Refer NCERT text book)
2. Rahim, a class XI student of KV, visited his uncle and hears the burglar
alarm on opening the entrance door; his aunt welcomes him. He goes
upstairs and asks his uncle who is a Physics Lecturer, about the principle
working of a burglar alarm. He discusses this with his class mates and
decides to present a program on Burglar Alarm in the morning assembly.
a) How will you define the inquisitiveness of Rahim?
b) State the laws of photoelectric emission
(ANS: curiosity to learn, interest in the subject, sharing knowledge; b)
Refer NCERT book)
3. I went out for shopping with my mother; during purchase of vegetables I
noticed that the
Vendor used a digital weighing machine. On
another shop, I noticed the vendor was using an
ordinary weighing
machine. I remembered having studied about Logic Gates where, digital
codes are used.
a) What do you mean by Logic Gate? Mention the basic universal
gates.
b) Draw symbols for OR, AND, & NOT
c) What is the value, in your opinion, that I created by the above
incident.
(ANS: a) & b) Refer NCERT Text book; c) concentration and
observation in the class room, retaining capacity, co-relating of
what was taught with the real life incident)

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
1. Group discussion was arranged in class XII on the topic atmosphere. Three
groups were made. Teacher asked the Question. Why can moon be not used
as a communication satellite? Answers were given by all the three groups.
Each group can give only one reason. Teacher told them that reason given by
each group is correct. The groups collected all the three reasons and come to
correct conclusion. (i) What values were showed by all the three groups? (ii)
Give the correct reason for the above question.

2. Deepas uncle wants to talk to his son in USA. He does not have much
money to spend on telephone calls. He has a computer at his home. Deepa
told her uncle that he can talk to his son with the help of computer and told
him about internet. Her uncle now talks to his son every day. He thanked
Deepa for giving useful advice. What according to you are the values
displayed by Deepa. How does internetwork?
3. Sujatha was watching her favorite TV serial. Suddenly the picture started
shaking on TV screen. She asked her brother to check the dish antenna. Her
brother found no problemin the antenna. Sujatha noticed the same problem
in TV picture again after some time. At the same time she heard the sound of
a low flying atrcraft passing over their house. She complained to her brother
again. He explained the cause of shaking picture on TV screen when air craft
passes over head. i) Which values are promoted by Sujathas brother?
ii) Why was the picture on the screen shaking when the aircraft was passing
over head?
4. Advancements in communication principles and technology has helped
mankind to communicate almost instantly in any part of the globe. These
advancements , however, have also shown adverse effects. Many school
authorities and parents are not in favour of free and unlimited access of
these electronic devices to students fearing adverse effects on their
emotional and psychological health.
Answer the following questions related to the information in the above
passage.
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

Name any three electronic device which are used for their
communication.
Write any two adverse effects of misuse of these devices on
students
Which two values are adversely affected due to misuse of these
communication devices?
Give any one suggestion to promote/inculcate these values in
school going student.