Equivalent Fractions

Equivalent fractions are

fractions of the same value

1
2

2
4

2
4

8
16

1 2
2 2

2 4

4 4

8
16

Exercise
1
?
?
?

?
?

Complete the equivalent fractions.

3
1x3

3x3
9

3x2 6 x5 30

4x2 8 x5 40
15x3 45x2 90

18x3 54 x2 108

To compare the value of two given

fractions
3
8

1
2

>
3
8

is the greater than

1
8

2
3

x2
x2

4 <
6

4
=

5
6

5
6
2
Therefore,
is less than 5
3
6

Arrange fractions in order

1 2 3
, , in decreasing order.
Arrange
8 3 4
* make the denominators equal.
6
13 28 3
, 8, 6
3
8 3 4

3 16 18
,
,
24 24 24

The decreasing order of the fractions is

3 2 1
,
,
4 3 8

Mathematics Form 1

Topic: Fractions

Subtopic: Understand the concept of mixed numbers and

their representations.
Learning outcomes :1.Recognise mixed numbers
2.Represent mixed numbers with
diagrams.
3.Write mixed numbers based on
given diagrams.
4.Compare and order mixed numbers
on number lines.

MIXED NUMBERS
DEFINITION
REPRESENT
MIXED NUMBERS
Example 1

EXERCISES

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Example 2
Example 3

Extra

WHAT IS A MIXED NUMBER?

A WHOLE NUMBER

AND

A FRACTION
1 , 2 ,3 , 4

1 1 1
, , ....
2 3 4

DIAGRAM 1

Represent whole number

Represent fraction

2
4

2
4

DIAGRAM 2

4
4
1

4
+

1
4

= 1

1
4

NUMBER LINES
1

2
2+ 5

2
2
5

3
5

3
3
5

EXERCISE 1
1. Write a mixed number for the diagrams
a.

b.

Exercise 2
Complete the number lines.
a.
3

b.
5

Extra Question
1 2
3
2 ,3 and 3
2 3
4

Mark the mixed numbers above

on the number line.
State the largest mixed number.
Arrange the mixed numbers in
ascending order.
Check your
Answer!

SOLUTIONS
2

1. Draw the number line

from 2 to 4
2. Divide the line from 2 to 3
into 6 equal parts .
3. Divide the line from 3 to 4
into 12 equal parts.
1
2
4.Mark 2 on the third
mark from 2 .
2
3
5.Mark 3 on the eight
mark from 3 3
6.Finally, mark 3 4 on the
ninth mark from 3.

1
2

2
3

3
4

PROPER AND
IMPROPER FRACTIONS
LEARNING OUTCOMES

Recognize proper and improper fractions

from given fractions
Change mixed numbers into improper
fractions
Change improper fractions into mixed
numbers.

PROPER FRACTIONS
&
IMPROPER FRACTIONS

PROPER FRACTIONS

numerator

denominator

PROPER FRACTIONS
1. A proper fraction is a fraction where the
numerator is smaller than the
numerator
denominator.
1

5 12 27
99
2. For example, , ,
,
and
3 6 13 50
121
are proper fractions.
denominator


IMPROPER FRACTIONS

= 1+

1
6

numerator

7
6
denominator

IMPROPER FRACTIONS
1. An improper fractions is a fraction
where the numerator is equal to or
greater than the denominator.
2. For example,

6
6

10
3

16
5

are improper fractions.

54
7

and

denominato
r

numerator

117
25

CHANGING MIXED NUMBERS

INTO IMPROPER FRACTIONS
Multiply the whole number with the
denominator of the fractions
Add the product to the numerator of
the fractions
Retain the denominator and write the
result as the numerator

EXAMPLE
Add the product to
the numerator
(6x3) +1

(6x3)+1
3

3
19

Multiply the whole number

by the denominator
(6x3)

(10 x 7) + 6

10

EXAMPLE

10 x 7 + 6

10 x 7

76
7

CHANGE MIXED NUMBER

INTO IMPROPER FRACTIONS
Multiply the whole number by
numerator.
Add the product to the
numerator.
Retain the numerator.

CHANGE IMPROPER FRACTION

INTO MIXED NUMBER

17
8

2
8 17
16
1
2
Therefore,

quotient

remainder

1
8

17
8

= 2

1
8

EXAMPLE
47
20

quotient

20 47
-40
7

remainde
r

7
20

Therefore,

47
20

=2

7
20

EXERCISE
1. Change the following mixed numbers into improper
fractions.
1
1
a) 1
d) 7
12
8
b) 2

c) 3

5
6
3
4

e) 15

f) 12

5
12
2
11

EXERCISE
2. Change the following improper fractions into
mixed numbers.
a)

b)

c)

22
7
35
8
84
13

d)

e)

f)

154
15
211
11
300
155

Multiplication
Multiply any
three fractions

Multiply a whole number

by a fractions

Multiply
fractions

Multiply fractions
1
3

3
5
Step 1. Multiply the top numbers (numerator) :

1 3 1x3
3
=
=
3 5 3 x 5 15

Step 2. Multiply the bottom numbers (denominator) :

Step 3. Simplify the fraction:

3 3
=
15 3

1
5

Multiply a whole number by a

fractions
1
Solve 6
3

1 6

3 1
=

16
31

6=
=

6
3

6
1

Multiply any three fractions

4
2
Solve 2 1
5 3
2 9 2

=
1 5 3
=

292
153

2 4
9
2 ,1
1 5
5

36
=
=
15

12
5

2
2
5

Learning Outcomes:

To divide fraction by a whole

number and vise versa
Example 1

3
Calculate
4
15
=

15

1
3

15
4

4
1
=

Multiply by the reciprocal

of the divisor

3
60

1
=
20

Example 2

3
Calculate 4
15
4
15
=

1
3
60
=
3
20
=
1

Multiply by the reciprocal

of the divisor

Simplify to the
lowest term

20

To divide fractions
Example 1
2
5
Calculate

3
8

2
=
3
16
=
15

8
5

1
= 1
15

Multiply by the reciprocal

of the divisor

Example 2

Calculate
2
=
5
2
=
5

6
=
40

2
2
2
5
3

23+2

8
=

3
20

8
3

To divide a mixed number by a

mixed number

5
2
Solve 3 2
7
5

=
=

26
7
26
7

46
=1
84

@
26

12

55

12

130
84
23
42

65
42

13

5
12 6
23

= 1 42

COMBINED OPERATIONS
LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Performs computations involving

combined operations of addition,
subtraction, multiplication and
division of fractions, including the
use of brackets.
Solve problems involving combined
operations of addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division of
fractions, including the use of
brackets.

COMBINED OPERATIONS
Order of operations:
Brackets .
( )
Multiply or divide from left to right.
X

Add or subtract from left to right.

+

ORDER OF OPERATIONS

() +

EXAMPLE:

12

17
12
1
12

17

12

17

Work the brackets

first

LCM of 3 and 4 is 12

1
17

Multiply the reciprocal

of 17

Change the mixed numbers

into an improper fractions
7

=7

=7

=7
=

1
4

2
7

Work the brackets

5x 7 2 x 4
+
4x 7 7 x 4

35
28

8
28

43
28

LCM of 4 and 7 is 28

multiply

43
4

= 10

3
4

Change an improper fractions into

mixed numbers

1
8
=
=
=
=
=

1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
5
66

4
5
9x 5 3x 4
4x 5 5x 4
45 - 12

33

20
20
33

20

t
Work the bracke
first

divide

Multiply by the reciprocal

of 33
20

3
4
2
1
x7 2
13
5
3

Change into an
improper
fractions

16 39
8
=
x

13
5
3

Perform
multiplication
and division

16 39 3
=
x

1 13
5
8
48 8
=
x
5
3
18
=
5
3
=3
5

Change into
mixed numbers

A total of RM630 is divided between Baharuddin and Chong.

If Baharuddin receives

5
9

of the money,

calculate the amount of money Chong received?

1-

4
9

5
9

x 630

x 630

= 4X7

= 280
ANSWER = RM280

Rashid received a bonus of RM1920.

3
He gave of the money to his mother.
4
Calculate the amount of money Rashid
received?

= 1920 -

480

= 1920 - 3 x 480
= 1920 - 1440
= 480
ANSWER = RM480

3
x 1920
41

EXERCISE
1. Calculate the value of the following and express
the answer as a fraction in its lowest term.
5
3
12
a)
+
x
12
4
9
b) 10 - 2

c) 3 x

d)

5
6

1
2

7-5
2

1
2

2
5

EXERCISE
2. There are 150 workers in a factory.
1
3

3
5

of them are men and

of them are smokers. How many men are non-smokers?

3. In a class of 42 students,

3
7

are girls. Given that 5 girls and

1
3

boys wear glasses. Find the total number of students wearing

glasses.

of