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(a) Be Z = 4
Two electrons (spin-paired) are accommodated in
the lowest energy 1s atomic orbital.
The next two electrons (spin-paired) are
accommodated in the 2s atomic orbital.
The ground state electronic configuration of Be is
therefore
1s22s2.
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(b) P Z =15
Two electrons (spin-paired) are accommodated in the
lowest energy 1s atomic orbital. The next two electrons
(spin-paired) are accommodated in the 2s atomic orbital.
The next six electrons are accommodated in the three
degenerate 2p atomic orbitals, two spin-paired electrons
per orbital. The next two electrons (spin-paired) are
accommodated in the 3s atomic orbital.
Three electrons remain and applying Hunds rule, these
singly occupy each of the three degenerate 3p atomic
orbitals.
The ground state electronic configuration of P is therefore
1s22s22p63s23p3.
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Moving from left to right, size shrinks through the first two or three
transition elements because of the increasing nuclear charge.
But, from then on, the size remains relatively constant because shielding by
the inner d electrons counteracts the usual increase in Zeff.
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(1)
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