1

KLT-40S Reactor Plant

for the floating CNPP FPU
VVER RP Chief Designer
Yury P. Fadeev
JSC Afrikantov OKBM
RUSSIA

MAIN FIELDS OF OKBM ACTIVITY

1945 FOUNDATION OF THE ENTERPRISE

MARINE REACTOR PLANTS FOR THE NAVY

FA
HIGH-TEMPERATURE GAS-COOLED REACTORS

MARINE REACTOR PLANTS FOR THE CIVIL FLEET

FAST REACTORS

UNIFIED EQUIPMENT FOR NPP

(PUMPS, FANS)
NUCLEAR FUEL HANDLING EQUIPMENT

INTRODUCTION
OKBM has participated in realization of reactor plant (RP) designs for nuclear ships since 1954.

JSC Afrikantov OKBM

RP design, manufacture,
complete supply

Creation of marine RPs

Upgrade
Authors supervision during
manufacture and operation
Lifetime and service time
extension
Disposal

Currently, four generations of RPs have been developed for

the civil nuclear fleet.
Four generations of marine RPs

1
OK-150

OK-900
(OK-900A)

3
KLT-40
(KLT-40M, KLT-40S)

RITM-200

MARINE RPs
Since 1954

JSC AFRIKANTOV OKBM IS THE

CHIEF DESIGNER OF MARINE RPs FOR THE NUCLEAR
ICE-BREAKER FLEET.
9 NUCLEAR ICE-BREAKERS AND THE OCEAN
LIGHTER CARRIER SEVMORPUT ARE EQUIPPED
WITH JSC AFRIKANTOV OKBM REACTORS.
20 REACTORS
OPERATED.

WERE

FABRICATED

AND

THE RUNNING TIME IS MORE THAN 340

REACTOR-YEARS.

6 NUCLEAR ICE-BREAKERS ARE OPERATED.

THE ACTUAL LIFE TIME OF THE NUCLER ICEBREAKER ARKTIKA RP IS

177,204 H, THE
SERVICE LIFE IS 34 YEARS.
SERVICE LIFE EXTENSION UP TO 200,000 H
FOR NUCLEAR ICE-BREAKER RPs IS ENSURED.

THE WORLD-LARGEST NUCLEAR ICEBREAKER 50 LET POBEDY WITH THE -900

RP DESIGNED BY JSC AFRIKANTOV OKBM
WAS PUT IN COMMISSION ON ARCH 23, 2007
AT MURMANSK OCEAN COMPANY (FSUE
ATOMFLOT).
THE FINAL DESIGN OF THE RITM-200 RP FOR
THE UNIVERSAL NEW GENERATION DUALDRAFT
NUCLEAR
ICE-BREAKER
WAS
DEVELOPED.

REACTORS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM POWER PLANTS

ABV

THERMAL POWER
16 54 MW
ELECTRIC POWER
3.5 10 MW
Unified reactor plants
featuring integral reactors
and 100% natural circulation
in the primary circuit for
land-based and floating
nuclear power plants

KLT

THERMAL POWER
150 MW
ELECTRIC POWER
38.5 MW

Serial modular reactors for

nuclear icebreakers and sea
vessels

RITM

THERMAL POWER
175 MW
ELECTRIC POWER
36 MW
Integral reactor with forced
circulation in the primary circuit for
the universal nuclear icebreaker

VBER

THERMAL POWER
300 1700 MW
ELECTRIC POWER
100 600 MW
Modular reactor based on marine
propulsion reactor technologies
for land-based and floating
nuclear power plants

PURPOSE OF SMALL NUCLEAR POWER SOURCES

ICEBREAKERS,

FLOATING NPPs FOR THERMAL

AND ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY TO
CUSTOMERS IN THE COASTAL
AREAS.
POWER GENERATION AND WATER
DESALINATION COMPLEXES

AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY TO

OFF-SHORE OIL RIGS

TRANSPORT VESSELS, FISHING FACTORY SHIPS,

LAND-BASED STATIONS FOR

AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY
TO HARD-TO-REACH AREAS

POWER SUPPLY TO UNDERWATER

DRILLING PLATFORMS AND TANKERS

ADVANTAGES OF FLOATING NPPs

MANUFACTURED ON A TURNKEY BASIS
- READY-TO-OPERATE DELIVERY
- HIGH QUALITY MANUFACTURE

FULL SERVICE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR IN EXISTING

SPECIALIZED FACILITIES
CONSTRUCTION TIME REDUCED TO 3 YEARS
SERIAL PRODUCTION
REDUCED CONSTRUCTION COST
SIMPLIFIED SITE SELECTION
DOWN-SIZING OF INDUSTRIAL SITE
DEPLOYMENT SITE CAN BE CHANGED
CAN BE DISPOSED OF IN A SPECIAL FACILITY
GREEN LAWN PRINCIPLE IS IMPLEMENTED
RIGHT AFTER COMPLETION OF OPERATION

FLOATING NPP BASED ON FPU WITH TWO KLT- 40S RPs

THE DESIGN OF THE SMALL COGENERATION NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (CNPP) IS

PILOT.
THE FPU IS BEING CONSTRUCTED AT THE BALTIYSKY ZAVOD, ST. PETERSBURG, THE
RF.
RP EQUIPMENT SUPPLY IS BEING COMPLETED.
THE NPP STARTUP DATE IS 2013 (THE CITY OF VILYUCHINSK, KAMCHATKA REGION,
THE RF).
SUPPLY TO CONSUMERS IS AS FOLLOWS
ELECTRIC POWER

2070 MW

HEAT

50146 Gcal/h
FPU
with KLT-40S
RPs

Small CNPP

UNDERWATER TRENCH
145X45
DEPTH, 9 M
SPENT FUEL
AND RADWASTE
STORAGE

REACTOR
PLANTS

STEAM-TURBINE
PLANTS

HYDRO ENGINEERING FACILITIES

HEAT
POINT
DEVICES FOR DISTRIBUTING
AND TRANSFERRING
ELECTRIC POWER TO CONSUMERS

1000 m3

1000 m3

HOT WATER
CONTAINERS

SALT WET
STORAGE CONTAINER

MAIN ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS OF FPU

TYPE - SMOOTH-DECK NON-SELF-PROPELLED SHIP

LENGTH, m
WIDTH, m
BOARD HEIGHT, m
DRAUGHT, m

DISPLACEMENT, t
FPU SERVICE LIFE, YEARS

140,0
30,0
10,0
5,6

21 000
40

10

KLT-40S REACTOR PLANT

LOCALIZING
VALVES

THERMAL POWER

STEAM
LINES

150 MW

PRIMARY OPERATIONAL PRESSURE 12.7 MPa

STEAM OUTPUT

240 t/h

CRDM

STEAM PARAMETERS:
MAIN CIRCULATION
PUMP
STEAM
GENERATOR

REACTOR
EXCHANGER OF i- iii
CIRCUITS

HYDRAULIC
TANK

HYDRAULIC
ACCUMULATOR

TEMPERATURE

290

PRESSURE (abs.), MPa

3.82 MPa

PERIOD OF CONTINUOS WORK

26 000 h

SERVICE LIFE

40 years

SPECIFIED LIFETIME

300 000 h

REFUELING INTERVAL

~ 2.5-3 ys

HEAD CORE LIFETIME OUTPUT

2.1 TWh

FUEL ENRICHMENT

< 20%

PRESSURIZER

CONTAINMENT INTERNAL PRESSURE

0.4 MPa
CONTAINMENT LEAK TIGHTNESS
volume/day
1%

11

EXTERNAL ACTIONS ON THE RP

The RP is designed to withstand the external actions, i.e.
It withstands rolls and tilts in accordance with the requirements of
the Russian Maritime Registry of Shipping.
It has the impact resistance of not less than 3 g.
The reactor is shut down, and containment is preserved in case of
flood, including in case of turnover.
The PR withstands the crash of an aircraft with the mass of 10 t
from the height of 50 m.

12

KLT-40S RP FLOW DIAGRAM

PASSIVE SYSTEM OF
EMERGENCY PRESSURE
DECREASE IN THE
CONTAINMENT
(CONDENSATION SYSTEM)

PASSIVE EMERGENCY CORE

COOLING SYSTEM (HYDRAULIC
ACCUMULATORS)

PSCS

ACTIVE SYSTEM OF
LIQUID ABSORBER
INJECTION

PASSIVE
EMERGENCY
SHUTDOWN COOLING
SYSTEM
ACTIVE EMERGENCY CORE
COOLING SYSTEM

REACTOR

MCP

ACTIVE SYSTEM OF
EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN
COOLING THROUGH PROCESS
CONDENSER

RECIRCULATION SYSTEM
PUMPS

STEAM
GENERATOR

PASSIVE SYSTEM OF
EMERGENCY PRESSURE
DECREASE IN THE
CONTAINMENT (BUBBLING
SYSTEM)

SYSTEM OF REACTOR
CAISSON FILLING WITH WATER

METALWATER
PROTECTION
TANK

PRESSURIZER

NEWLY INTRODUCED
SAFETY SYSTEMS

13

CORE REACTOR AND FA

Reactor

FA

CPS AR

Cover
Vessel

Fuel rod
6.8 mm

Block of CG
control rods

BPR

KLT-40S Cassette

Cavity

14

CORE REFUELING DIAGRAM

Refueling process safety is
ensured for all possible initial
events, in particular:
- SFA hanging-up
refueling;
Refueling
compartment

during

- SFA container hanging-up

during transportation;
- SFA and SFA cask falling;

Apparatus
room

refueling
deenergization;

equipment

- SFA-storage cooling circuit

depressurization;
- SFA-storage deenergization;
etc.

Dry storage tanks

Storage tank

SFA (spent fuel assembly) transportation from the reactor to the storage tank
FFA (fresh fuel assembly) cassette transportation to the reactor
SFA transportation from the storage tank to the dry storage tank casks

15

MAIN CIRCULATION PUMP

PUMP TYPE CANNED,
CENTRIFUGAL, SINGLE-STAGE,
VERTICAL WITH TWO-SPEED
(TWO-WINDING) MOTOR.
RELIABILITY PROVED BY
OPERATION EXPERIENCE OF
MORE THAN 1500 SHIP MCPs;
ELIMINATION OF PRIMARY
CIRCUIT LEAKAGES
ELIMINATION OF EXTERNAL
SYSTEMS OF THE PUMP
AGGREGATE (EXCEPT COOLING):
- lubrication system of radial-axial
bearing and motor;
- water supply system for seal unit;
- system of leakage discharge from
seal.

Parameter
High/low speed supply, m3/h

Value
870/290

Consumed power, kW
155/11
Rotor rotation speed,
synchronous, rpm
Head , m
Service life, year

3000/1000
38/4
20

STEAM GENERATOR
STEAM OUTLET
STEAM GENERATOR TYPE
VERTICAL RECUPERATIVE HEAT
FEEDWATER
EXCHANGER WITH COIL HEATHEADER
EXCHANGING SURFACE OF TITANIUM
STEAM HEADER
ALLOYS AND FORCED CIRCULATION
OF WORKING FLUIDS
SG COVER
MODULAR DESIGN WITH POSSIBILITY
ADAPTER
OF FLOW-LINE PRODUCTION
FEEDWATER
AUTOMATED ON-LINE DETECTION OF
TUBES
INER-CIRCUIT LEAKAGES BY
SECONDARY CIRCUIT STEAM ACTIVITY
REPAIRABILITY WITHOUT OPENING
PRIMARY CIRYUT CAVITIES
DEPRESSURIZATION CAPACITY AT
PRIMARY CIRCUIT LEAKAGE NOT
PRIMARY
MORE THAN Deq.=40 mm
CIRCUIT

16

FEEDWATER
INLET

INLET/OUTLET
HEAT-EXCHANGING
TUBES

17

SAFETY CONCEPT OF KLT-40S RP

The safety concept of the KLT-40S reactor plant is based on modern
defence-in-depth principles combined with developed properties of
reactor plant self-protection and wide use of passive systems and selfactuating devices
Properties of intrinsic self-protection are intended for power density
self-limitation and reactor self-shutdown, limitation of primary coolant
pressure and temperature, heating rate, primary circuit depressurization
scope and outflow rate, fuel damage scope, maintaining of reactor
vessel integrity in severe accidents and form the image of a passive
reactor, resistant for all possible disturbances.
The KLT-40S RP design was developed in conformity with Russian
laws, norms and rules for ship nuclear power plants and safety
principles developed by the world community and reflected in IAEA
recommendations.

18

SAFETY LEVELS

5
4
3

1 FUEL COMPOSITION
2 FUEL ELEMENT CLADDING
3 PRIMARY CIRCUIT
4 RP CONTAINMENT
5 PROTECTIVE ENCLOSURE

SYSTEMS OF REACTOR EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN

4

19

from CSS

System of liquid
absorber injection

Electromechanical
system of
reactivity control
1 Reactor
2 CPS drive mechanisms
3 System of liquid absorber injection
4 Electric power circuit-breaker by pressure

Electric power circuitbreakers by pressure provide

de-energizing of CPS drive
mechanisms (reactor
shutdown):
by pressure increase in the
primary circuit
by pressure increase in the
containment

20

Reactor Emergency Heat Removal Systems

1 Reactor
2 Steam generator
3 Main circulation pump
4 Emergency heat removal system
5 Purification and cooling system
6 Process condenser

There are two autonomous passive channels for

heat removal from the core.
Duration of operation without water makeup is
-for two channels, 24 h;
- for one channel, 12 h.

Hydraulically
operated air
distributors
Opening of
pneumaticallydriven valves of
ECCS passive
channels by
primary circuit
overpressure
(cooldown)

21

EMERGENCY CORE COOLING SYSTEMS

4

1 Reactor
2 Steam generator
3 Main circulation pump
4 ECCS hydroaccumulator
5 ECCS tank
6 Recirculation system

5
3
6
2
1

A combination of passive and active core cooling subsystems is utilized in case of PR

depressurization (LOCA).
ECCS tank capacity is 210 m3.
GA water volume is 24 m3.
The time margin in the passive mode before core drainage starts is approximately 3 h.

22

SYSTEM OF EMERGENCY PRESSURE DECREASE IN CONTAINMENT

The passive
emergency
pressure decrease
system
(preservation of
safety barrier
containment)
consists of two
channels.
Operation duration
24 h.
At LOCA the steamwater mixture is
localized within the
containment of the
damaged RP

Conditioning system
blower

23

ANALYSIS OF POSTULATED SEVERE ACCIDENT

MELT CONFINEMENT IN KLT-40S RP REACTOR VESSEL
Melt volume, m3
Melt surface diameter, m
Melt height, m
Heat output, MW

Reactor
vessel

- 0.885
- 1.918
- 0.471
- 0.79

Results of severe accident

preliminary analysis

Core melt

Reactor vessel submelting does not

occur

Reactor
caisson

Reliable heat removal is provided from

the outer surface of reactor vessel bottom
Reactor mechanical properties are
maintained at the level sufficient to ensure
load bearing capacity despite appeared
temperature difference
Radiation dose for population in case of
beyond design accident with severe core
damage does not exceed 5 mSv
Cooling water
supply

24

ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN SAFETY IN SEVERE ACCIDENTS

Arrangement of hydrogen
recombiners (afterburners)
in equipment and reactor
compartments of KLT-40S
RP

25

RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

PROTECTIVE ACTION
PLANNING AREA

BUFFER AREA

1 km

POPULATION RADIATION DOSE RATE UNDER NORMAL OPERATION CONDITIONS AND

DESIGN-BASIS ACCIDENTS DOES NOT EXCEED 0.01% OF NATURAL RADIATION
BACKGROUND
NO COMPULSORY EVACUATION PLANNING AREA
THE PERFORMED ANALYSIS OF REFUELING COMPLEX AND REFUELING PROCESS OF
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS OF FLOATING POWER UNIT REACTORS CONSIDERING
ENGINEERING MEANS OF NUCLEAR SAFETY PROVISION SHOWS NO POSSIBILITY OF
NUCLEAR OR RADIATION ACCIDENT OCCURRENCE

26

Innovation reactor plants based on nuclear shipbuilding

technologies for medium and small -size NPP of the VBER
type, RITM-200 and ABV-6

27

GOALS AND PURPOSES OF DEVELOPMENT

CREATION OF A MEDIUM-SIZE REACTOR PLANT ON THE BASIS OF
SHIP NUCLEAR REACTOR INDUSTRY AND A COMPETITIVE POWER
UNIT FOR A REGIONAL SECTOR OF POWER INDUSTRY
SUBSTITUTION OF HEAT POWER PLANTS BY UNITS OF SIMILAR
POWER LEVEL KEEPING POWER GRID STRUTURES

RF REGIONAL POWER INDUSTRY

MORE THAN A HALF OF RF ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM OUTPUT IS
GENERATED BY HEAT POWER PLANTS
BASIC FUEL OF HEAT POWER PLANTS NATURAL GAS, COAL

UNIT CAPACITY OF HEAT POWER PLANT UNITS ~200-300 MW (e)

NUMBER OF UNITS MORE THAN 450

OTHER APPLICATION AREAS - DISTRICT HEATING, DESALINATION

AND
INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTION
OF
POTABLE
WATER

28

VBER RP DESIGN CONCEPT

MAXIMUM USE OF VERIFIED TECHNICAL DECISIONS BASED ON
EXPERIENCE IN MARINE AND VVER REACTOR CONSTRUCTION
TECHNICAL DECISIONS PROVEN BY MARINE NPP OPERATION
MODULAR LAYOUT
CANNED MAIN CIRCULATION PUMPS
ONCE-THROUGH STEAM GENERATOR WITH TITANIUM
TUBE SYSTEM
LEAK-TIGHT PRIMARY CIRCUIT, CLOSED SYSTEM
OF PRIMARY COOLANT PURIFICATION

VVER TECHNOLOGIES
TVSA-BASED CORE AND FUEL CYCLE
BORON CONTROL SYSTEM
WATER CHEMISTRY

RP POWER RANGE BASED ON UNIFIED DECISIONS FOR FOUR-LOOP VBER-300

RP

TARGET REQUIREMENTS FOR VBER POWER UNITS

29

Target technical parameters of the power units comply with AES-2006 (Generation 3+)
requirements
Requirements
1. Duration of head unit construction (from first concrete), months.

Target requirements
48

2. Design service life of main equipment, year

60

3. Design service life of SG, MCP, CPS drive mechanisms, valves,

year

30

4. Capacity factor (average over service life)

0.9

5. Availability factor average over service life), %

92

6. Periodicity of technical examinations

Once every eight years

7. Probability of severe core damage

Not more than 10-6 for reactor

per year

8. Probability of ultimate accidental release

Not more than 10-7 for reactor

per year

9. Buffer area

10. Protective action planning area

Limited by NPP site

Not more than 1 km from site

boundary

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF VBER REACTORS AS COMPARED

WITH LOOP-TYPE PRESSURIZED-WATER REACTORS
Criterion type

30

Characteristics

Economics

Compactness of equipment and primary circuit systems

Simplification of RP systems
Application of canned MCP

Safety

Exclusion of most dangerous accidents of large and medium leakages at

primary circuit depressurization
Effective localization of steam generator leakages
Decrease of annual collective dose at equipment repair and maintenance
Small power disturbances at steam line breakdown

Serviceability

High maneuverability due to application of one-through SG

Stable water chemistry and gas mode due to leak-tight primary circuit
(no off gases, makeups, reduction of sampling);
High degree of control automation (application of self-regulation, onethrough SG, minimization of systems functioning at normal operation
system of purification and cooling and pressure compensation)

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF VBER REACTORS AS COMPARED

WITH LOOP-TYPE PRESSURIZED-WATER REACTORS(CONTINUED)

Criterion type

31

Characteristics

Consistency

Application of mastered fuel FA of unified design based on TVSA

integrating all innovation solutions for fuel use efficiency
Operation experience of analogs >6500 years
Long-term experience of analogs design and fabrication
Usage of previous R&D results

Manufacturability

Factory-assembled modules
Suitability of reactor unit design for application of modular technology
of construction and mounting in combination with installation in the
open

Radwaste
handling

Minimal quantity of liquid radwaste due to absence of leakages and

minimal water exchange during campaign

Flexibility for
market demands

Power range of 100-600 MW (e) based on unified solutions

Possibility to create floating NPP

32

POWER RANGE OF VBER RP

THREE-LOOP RP
N=250 W(e)

FIVE-LOOP RP
FOUR-LOOP RP

N=460 W(e)

N=300 W(e)

TWO-LOOP RP

SIX-LOOP RP

N=150 W(e)

N=600 W(e)

UNIFIED TECHNICAL
SOLUTIONS

33

COMPACTNESS OF VBER RP

VVER-300
VBER-300

34

REACTOR MODULE. INTEGRATED VESSEL

Steam generator
vessel

INTERGRATED VESSEL SCALED

ANALOG OF MARINE REACTOR
VESSEL SYSTEM

Hydrochamber

SCALED FACTOR"

Reactor
vessel

THE VESSEL DID NOT REQUIRE

CHANGE OF PRINCIPLES OF
STATED MARINE
TECHNOLOGY

Two-vessel block

35

FUEL ASSEMBLY
IN VBER RP CORES THERE ARE USED FAS OF A SKELETON
DESIGN, WITHOUT A WRAPPER, OF A VVER-1000 TVS-A TYPE
WITH PROVED HIGH PERFORMANCE
TOP
NOZZLE

SPACING
GRID

MAXIMUM BURNUP FRACTION IN FUEL ELEMENTS OF A PILOT

TVSA FOR 6-YEAR OPERATION AT THE 1ST UNIT OF KALININ NPP
WAS 66 MWDAY/KGU. THE TEST RESULTS ARE POSITIVE
THE USEFUL QUALITIES OF THE FA ARE HIGHLY COMPETITIVE
WITH THOSE OF THE BEST FUEL DEVELOPMENTS FOR PWR

STIFFENING
ANGLE

GFE

GUIDE CHANNELS FOR AE

STIFFENING
ANGLE

Number of FAs, pcs

Average linear load of fuel element, W/cm

98.0

Maximum linear load, W/cm

254

Fuel cycles
BOTTOME
NOZZLE

85

32 years,
41.5 year

36

MAIN CIRCULATION ELECTRIC PUMP

Radial-axial bearing

Magnetic
conductor
of stator

PUMP TYPE -AXIAL, SINGLE-STAGE, WITH

CANNED MOTOR
RELIABILITY PROVED BY OPERATION
EXPERIENCE OF MORE THAN 1500 SHIP MCPs;
ELIMINATION OF PRIMARY CIRCUIT LEAKAGES
ELIMINATION OF EXTERNAL SYSTEMS OF THE
PUMP AGGREGATE (EXCEPT COOLING)

Pump casing

Stator cooler

Rotor

- lubrication system of radial-axial bearing and

motor;
- water supply system for seal unit;
- system of leakage discharge from seal.

Parameter

Value

NOMINAL SUPPLY, m3/h

5560

POWER CONSUMPTION, Wt

1.360

SYNCHRONOUS ROTOR SPEED, S-1

(RPM)
Radial
bearing

Impeller

HEAD AT NOMINAL SUPPLY, m

Guide vanes

MCP DIMENSIONS, mm

50 (3000)
52
38701215

MASS OF ELECTRIC PUMP, t

21

SERVICE LIFE, years

30

37

STEAM GENERATOR
Steam nozzle

SG cover

Makeup
water
nozzle

STEAM GENERATOR TYPE - ONCE-THROUGH, MODULAR, COILED, WHERE

SECONDARY FLUID ARRANGED INSIDE TUBES
THE DESIGN WAS IMPROVED AS COMPARED WITH ICE-BREAKER STEAM
GENERATORS (FEED WATER SUPPLY ASSEMBLIES AND SG COVER JUNCTIONS
WERE OPTIMIZED, NUMBER OF STEEL-TITANIUM ADAPTING PIPES AND WELDS
WAS DECREASED, ELECTRON-BEAM WELDING WAS USED)
THE MODULAR DESIGN OF THE STEAM GENERATOR PERMITS ITS SERIES
PRODUCTION
TUBE SYSTEM METAL CONDITION IS CONTROLLED BY THE METHOD USING
MODULE-WITNESSES IN THE FORM OF REMOVABLE STEAM-GENERATING
MODULES
AUTOMATED ON-LINE DETECTION OF INER-CIRCUIT LEAKAGES BY
SECONDARY CIRCUIT STEAM ACTIVITY
REPAIRABILITY WITHOUT OPENING PRIMARY CIRYUT CAVITIES
CAPABILITY OF HIGH-MANEUVERABLE MODES
DEPRESSURIZATION DIMENSIONS AT PRIMARY CIRCUIT LEAKAGE NOT MORE
THAN DEQ.=40 MM

Parameter

SG module

From
reactor

NUMBER OF STEAM GENERATING MODULES

55

NUMBER OF HEAT-EXCHANGING TUBES IN

MODULE

90

NUMBER OF HEAT-EXCHANGING TUBES IN SG

To
reactor

DIMENSIONS OF TUBES, mm
TUBE SYSTEM MATERIAL
TUBE SYSTEM MASS, t

SG casing

Value

SERVICE LIFE, years

4950
101.4
Titanium
alloy
58.5
30

REFUELING SYSTEM
Refueling
machine

38

REFUELING MACHINE
ENSURES
Refueling
machine in the
FAs loadingunloading
position

SFA
storage pool

SFA TRANSPORTATION

IN THE REFUELING TUBE

FILLED WITH WATER
(SIMILAR TO AST-500)
FA EXPRESS
LEAKAGE TEST DURING

REFUELING
ADVANTAGES OF THIS REFUELING
METHOD
ABSENCE OF THE
TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR

BORATED WATER VOLUMES

BE STORED AND PROCESSED
REDUCED by 1500 m3

FFA
transportation
container TK-13
or cask

TO

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT WITH THE

TOTAL MASS OF ~50 t
ELIMINATED
AREA TO BE FACED WITH
STAINLESS STEEL
REDUCED BY ~900 m2
Core

CONSTRUCTION AND
CONSTRUCTION-MOUNTING
ACTIVITIES REDUCED

39

TECHNOLOGY OF EQUIPMENT MODULE FABRICATION AND MOUNTING

MODULE TECHNOLOGY:
-factory-made
--

increase of fabrication and

mounting quality
- reduction of power unit
construction costs and terms.

MODULES OF PURIFICATION AND

COOLDOWN SYSTEM EQUIPMENT

40

VBER-300 REACTOR PLANT CONTAINMENT

Outer concrete
protective enclosure

- crash of aircraft of 20 t mass;

- air shock wave of 30 kPa;
- leak-tightness of 10% volume/day.

Inner metal
containment

- inner pressure of 0.4 MPa;

- leak-tightness of 0.2 % volume/day.

Main equipment and systems of the

reactor plant are arranged in a
containment of 30 m diameter.

Transportation lock

41

SAFETY CONCEPTION OF VBER RP

The safety concept of the VBER reactor plant is based on modern
defence-in-depth principles combined with developed properties of
reactor plant self-protection and wide use of passive systems.
Properties of intrinsic self-protection are intended for power density
self-limitation and reactor self-shutdown, limitation of primary coolant
pressure and temperature, heating rate, primary circuit depressurization
scope and outflow rate, fuel damage scope, maintaining of reactor
vessel integrity in severe accidents and form the image of a passive
reactor, resistant for all possible disturbances.
The VBER RP design was developed in conformity with Russian laws,
norms and rules for ship nuclear power plants and safety principles
developed by the world community and reflected in IAEA
recommendations.

42

SYSTEMS OF REACTOR EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN

System of liquid
absorber injection

From makeup system

and boron control
system

Electromechanical
system of reactivity
control
1 Reactor
2 CPS drive mechanisms
3 System of liquid absorber injection
4 From makeup system and boron control system
5 Electric power circuit-breaker by pressure

43

EMERGENCY CORE COOLING SYSTEMS

Passive emergency core
cooling system (24 h)

Makeup
system

4
5

1 Reactor
2 Steam generator
3 Main circulation pump
4 ECCS first-stage hydraulic
accumulator
5 ECCS second-stage hydraulic
accumulator
6 Makeup system
7 Recirculation system

6
3

Recirculation and
repair cooldown
system

44

REACTOR EMERGENCY HEAT REMOVAL SYSTEMS

Passive emergency
heat removal system
(72 hrs)

1 Reactor
2 Steam generator
3 Main circulation pump
4 Emergency heat removal system
5 Purification and cooling down system
6 Process condenser

Purification and
cooling down system

Process condenser

45

POWER UNIT STRENGTH

SEISMIC STABILITY
VNIIEF

and OKBM estimated reactor unit strength under

seismic impacts of maximum magnitude 8 as per MSK-64 scale.

Maximum stresses in the nozzle do not exceed 100 MPa (in weld
- 50 MPa) under seismic impact. In view of operation loads, the
total stress is 150 Pa, which is less than the allowable one,
equal to 370 Pa.

46

POWER UNIT STRENGTH

SEISMIC STABILITY
-
- Y
- Z

, .g

0
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

Overloading spectrum
0
50
100
Stress distribution in the
integrated vessel under seismic
impact, MPa

47

POWER UNIT STRENGHT

AIRCRAFT CRASH

VNIIEF and OKM estimated

containment strength in case of
aircraft crash.

0.6

, .g

0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

The
overloading
effecting
the
power
unit
attachment
points is less
than
under
seismic effect.

48

HYPOTHETICAL ACCIDENT OF GUILLOTINE RUPTURE OF MAIN NOZZLE

Limiting device
DN < 100 mm

SG

STRENGTH ANALYSES OF THE

DEVICE PERFORMED BY OKBM
AND VNIIEF SHOW THAT
PRIMARY COOLANT OUTFLOW
DOES NOT EXCEED THE
EQUIVALENT DIAMETER DN =
100 MM

Reactor

49

POSTULATED SEVERE ACCIDENT ANALYSIS

SAFETY IN POSTULATED SEVERE ACCIDENT
Combination of design decisions and management measures of two categories:
- aimed at prevention of core damage;
- aimed at limitation of damage rate and consequences of severe accident.
Melt confinement in reactor vessel is the basis for VBER-300 safety concept, that
corresponds completely to severe accident management concepts in new
generation middle-size RP designs
LIMITATION OF SEVERE ACCIDENT CONSEQUENCIES
Time margin before the core overheating start is 24 h minimum owing to passive
ECCS and EHRS operation.
The scenario of core melting under high pressure is eliminated due to passive
systems operation.
Favorable conditions for core melt confinement inside the reactor vessel:
reduced power density, large time margin before melting start, low thermal fluxes
from melt at the bottom.
Special emergency reactor vessel cooling system (reactor cavity filling with
water) is provided for.
System for suppression of hydrogen, generating in the course of severe accident,
eliminates the possibility of hydrogen detonation in the containment.
Sufficient containment strength margin in view of hydrogen burning.

POSTULATED SEVERE ACCIDENT ANALYSIS

50

MELT CONFINEMENT IN VBER-300 REACTOR VESSEL

Cooling water
supply
Reactor
vessel

Core melt

Melt volume, m3
- 8.4
Reactor vessel diameter, m
- 3.8
Melt height, m
- 1.25
Heat output, MW
- 4.6
3
Volume power density, kW/m
- 548
Average heat flux on bottom (outer surface),
kW/m2
- 135
Melt temperature,
- 2450
Vessel bottom temperature, C:
- inner
- 1300
- outer
- 160

Reactor
caisson

Results of severe accident preliminary analysis

Reactor vessel submelting does not occur
Reliable heat removal is provided from the outer surface of reactor vessel bottom
Reactor mechanical properties are maintained at the level sufficient to ensure load bearing
capacity despite appeared temperature difference

51

VBER-300 RADIATION SAFETY

Buffer area

Protective Action
Planning Area

1 km
Industrial site of the
nuclear
cogeneration plant

Population dose rate:

- During normal operation 0.01%
- During maximum design-basis accident - 5%
of natural radiation background

Radiation dose for population in case

of beyond design accident with
severe core damage does not exceed
5 mSv

The achieved level of VBER-300 RP radiation safety meets the contemporary

requirements for the new generation reactors

52

RITM-200 REACTOR PLANT (RP)

CRDM
(6 pcs.)
CG drive
(12 pcs.)
Common SG
header

Steam
generator (SG)
(4 pcs.)

Thermal power
Operational primary
circuit pressure
Steam capacity
Steam parameters:
Temperature
Pressure, (abs)
Continuous operation period
Assigned service life
Assigned running time
Core generating capacity
Fuel enrichment

175 MW
15.7 MPa
248 t/h
295 C
3.82MPa
26 000 h
40 years
320 000 h
7.0 TWh
< 20%

RCCP
(4 pcs.)
Core

The intrinsic power consumption and amount of

radwaste generated during operation and
maintenance were minimized.

RITM-200 REACTOR PLANT (RP)

53

Steam generator unit

(SGU)

Biological
shielding

RCCP

Hydraulic accumulator

Shield
tank
Pressurizer

KLT-40S RP AND RITM-200 RP COMPARED

KLT-40S

The RP mass in containment is 1870 t.

The RP dimensions in containment
are 12 7.9 12 m.

54

RITM-200

The RP mass in containment is 1100 t.

The RP dimensions in containment
are 6 6 15.5 m.

55

ABV-6M REACTOR PLANT (RP)

REACTOR COVER
UNDER
BIOLOGICAL
SHIELDING

REACTOR TYPE

INTEGRAL PWR
WITH NATURAL
COOLANT
CIRCULATION

THERMAL POWER, MW

45

OPERATIONAL PRIMARY
PRESSURE, MPa

15.7

STEAM CAPACITY, t/h

55

STEAM PARAMETERS:
Temperature, C
Pressure, MPa
PROTECTIVE
TUBE
ASSEMBLY

BUILT-IN STEAM
GENERATOR
UNITS

REACTOR
VESSEL

CONTINUOUS OPERATION, h

290
3.14
16 000

SERVICE LIFE, years

50

REFUELING INTERVAL, years

10

CORE GENERATING CAPACITY, TWh

3.1

FUEL ENRICHMENT, %

< 20

FAs IN THE
CORE

FLOATING CO-GENERATION NPP WITH THE ABV-6M RP

56

The main RP equipment is

arranged on the shield tank as a
single steam generating aggregate
(SGA)

CRDM

VALVES

PCDS
PUMP

The aggregate can be shipped by

rail

PCDS
COOLER

REACTOR

SGA MASS, t
200
LENGTH, m
WIDTH, m
HEIGHT, m

PRESSURIZE
R

5
3.6
4.5

MAXIMUM LENGTH, m
BEAM, m
SIDE HEIGHT, m
DRAFT, m
DISPLACEMENT, t

97140
1621
10
2.52.8
from 8700

57

STATIONARY NPP WITH THE ABV-6M RP

ALL STRUCTURES IN THE MAIN BUILDING
ARE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND SEISMIC
RESISTANCE CATEGORY I LOADS WITH
ACCOUNT OF AN AIRCRAFT CRASH, AIR
SHOCK WAVE AND MAGNITUDE 7
EARTHQUAKE.

LENGTH
67
67
m
WIDTH

47 m47

HEIGHT

30 30
m

TURBOGENERATOR
1
REACTOR
MODULE 1
STORAGE
POOL

TURBOGENERATOR 2

REACTOR
MODULE 2

MODULE BEING
TRANSPORTED TO THE
CONSTRUCTION SITE

REACTOR MODULE MASS

LENGTH
DIAMETER

600 t
13 m
8.5 m

THE LAND-BASED OPTION OF THE ABV6M RP IS A SINGLE MODULE

COMPLETELY PREPARED FOR
OPERATION AT THE MANUFACTURER
PLANT
THE STRONG HULL OF THE MODULE
FUNCTIONS AS A CONTAINMENT

58

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION