Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
include:
• Coronary heart disease – disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle
• Cerebrovascular disease – disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain
• Peripheral arterial disease – disease of blood vessels supplying the arms and legs
• Rheumatic heart disease – damage to the heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic
fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria
• Congenital heart disease – malformations of heart structure existing at birth.
• Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism – blood clots in the leg veins, which
can dislodge and move to the heart and lungs.
Heart attacks and strokes are usually acute events and are mainly caused by a blockage that
prevents blood from flowing to the heart or brain. The most common reason for this is a build-up
of fatty deposits on the inner walls of theblood vessels that supply the heart or brain. Strokes can
also be caused by bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain or from blood clots.
• CVDs are the number one cause of death globally: more people die annually from CVDs
than from any other cause;
• An estimated 17.5 million people died from CVDs in 2005, representing 30% of all
global deaths. Of these deaths, an estimated 7.6 million were due to coronary heart
disease and 5.7 million were due to stroke.
• Over 80% of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries and occur
almost equally in men and women;
• By 2015, almost 20 million people will die from CVDs, mainly from heart disease and
stroke. These are projected to remain the single leading causes of death.
• The causes of CVDs are well established and well known. The most important causes of
heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use. These are
called ‘modifiable risk factors’.
• The effects of unhealthy diet and physical inactivity may show up in individuals as raised
blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity;
these are called ‘intermediate risk factors’.
• The major modifiable risk factors are responsible for about 80% of coronary heart disease
and cerebrovascular disease.
• There are also a number of underlying determinants of chronic diseases, or, if you like,
"the causes of the causes". These are a reflection of the major forces driving social,
economic and cultural change – globalization, urbanization, and population ageing. Other
determinants of CVDs are poverty and stress.
VIEW SAMPLE NURSING CARE PLAN FOR CHRONIC HEART FAILURE (CHF)
1. Acute pain
2. Risk for decreased cardiac output
3. Anxiety
4. Deficient knowledge (Learning Need) regarding condition, treatment plan, self-care,
and discharge needs
1. Acute pain
2. Activity intolerance
3. Anxiety/ Fear
4. Risk for decreased cardiac output
5. Ineffective tissue perfusion
6. Risk for excess fluid volume
7. Deficient knowledge (Learning Need) regarding condition, treatment plan, self-care,
and discharge needs