Studyof60horsepo00evan PDF

A
Study of a
60
HpiBe-Jtowef Sucjioii
Cas Producer, using Ânthmdte^^G^^
B. S,
1509
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
LIBRARY
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Ja 09-2tM
Book
Volume
Digitized by the Internet Archive

in
2013
http://archive.org/details/studyof60horsepo00evan
A STUDY OF A
60
HORSE-POWER SUCTION GAS
PRODUCER, USING ANTHRACITE COAL
BY
MARTIN EDWARD EVANS

PAUL MARTIN JOHANNING
BARTLETT MARTIN KERR
HARVEY McGINNIS
THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IN
THE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
OF THE
Presented June, 1909
Ev
110
JUNE
THIS
IS
1909
1,
TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY

MARTIN EDWARD EVANS
PAUL MARTIN JOHANNING
BARTLETT MARTIN KERR
HARVEY MCGINN IS
ENTITLED
A STUDY OP A 60 HORSE-POWER SUCTION GAS PRODUCFR,
USING ANIHHAQITE GOAL..
IS
APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF BACHELO R OF SC I ENCE
Instructor in
Charge
APPROVED:
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
145138
CONTENT^;.
-0-
Page.
Introduction.
1,
Description of the Producer.
2.
Method of Conducting the Test.
3.
Arrangement of Apparatus.
3.
-~~
Operation of Plant.
3.
Uniformity of Conditions.
5.
Starting and Stopping Test.-r--
^-
5.
Fuel and Ash.
5.
Gas sampling Apparatus.
6.
Analysis and Calorific

Jacket water.
value of Gas.
6.
6.
Scrubber water.
7.
Moisture Determinations.
7,
High Temperature Determinations.
7.
Theory of Gas Producer.
P.
General Discussion.
Pa.
Conclusion.
Pa.
Calculations.
10.
Results of Gas Producer Trials.
20.
Log Sheets.
31.
Drawings of Producer.
55.
ITo.
1.
ThlST
OF A AUCTION GAS PRODUCER .
The constantly increasing use of gas producers in

the last few years has resulted in a popular demand upon the part
of producer manufacturers and power consumers for a
fuller
knowledge of the scientific principles underlying the operation,

care, and management of gas producers.
Comparative values
of the performances of the various types of producers, or of

any particular type operated under varied conditions are valuable
to all power consumers.
The producer manufacturer is equally
as well interested because such data gives him an opportunity

to study his
producer with the view of improving it and enables
him to correctly represent his product to prospective purchasers.

In order that relative values of performances may
be established, the adoption of some standard method of testing
producers is essential.
Various methods have been followed
in testing but all are more or less incomplete.
A complete
rational method which has not as yet been given general publication has been developed by
LIr.
C. M.
Garland, of the University
of Illinois, in collaboration with A. P. Kratz, a graduate
student of the University of Illinois.

In accordance with this latter method a series
of tests was made upon a small producer in the Mechanical
Engineering Laboratory of the University of Illinois.
Their
object
was to determine the efficiency of the producer under
various loads.
Pour of the series are developed and discussed
in the following pages.
A more elaborate treatment of them
is continued in a thesis by Iwr. A. P. Kratz.
Descr iption of the Producer .

The producer u.pon which the tests were made
of the suction
t.,pe
for the use of anthracite coal.
by the Otto Qas Engine Company, Philadelphia

a rating of 60 H. P.
The
Penn.
was
It was built
,
and has
general appearance and arrangement
of the plant is clearly shown by the accompanying diagram on
page
35^
from which it is seen that the principal parts are
the generator and economizer, the scrubber, the condenser, and the
dryer.
In this type the .generator
and economizer are integral,
the latter being in the form of a water jacket surrounding the
incandescent fuel bed.
The generator is equipped with a small
hand blov/er for furnishing air blast to start the producer.

wet scrubber, shovm to the right of the generator, is
in form and filled with coke.
The
cylindrical
Water decends over the coke and
collects in the bottom to form a seal, the excess overflowing.
To
the right of the scrubber is a jet condenser into which a Schutle-
Koeting steam ejector of 12000 cubic feet capacity per hour discharges the gas and steam drawn from the scrubber.
The dryer
consists of two telescopeing sheet iron cylinders within which

is a large quantity of straw.
V/ater forms an effective seal
preventing the escape of gas between the two cylinders.
A pipe
3.
leads from the upp^r snd of the inner cylinder to the two
Westinghouse gas meters, one of 8000 cubic feet capacity and the
other of 3500 cubic feet connected in paralell.
the gas
pipes disohargeînto the open air.
Method of CondjacJLing the Test
proce dure.
Prom the meters
The purpose of the test determines the method of

series of
Sirxe the object of the^tests is to determine the
efficiency of the producer under various loads, the general
method requires that the energy imput and output together with
the behavior of auxilliary apparatus be observed.
auxilliary observations are essential as tend to
Only such
shoxv the
most
economical way of operating the plant.
iiRRiiNaEI.iSNT
OP APPARATUS.
Manometers consisting of U tubes containing water

were placed at the suction orifice of the generator, at the ash
pit, and at the exit of the gas from the producer.
Thermometers
were placed so as to determine the temperature of the water

entering and leaving the scrubber and vaporizer, of the gas
leaving the producer and scrubber and on entering the meter.

Samples of gas w^re collected from the same orifice for chemical
analysis and for heat determinations with the Junker's calorimeter
OPERATION OF PLAINT .
The charge of anthracite coal in the hopper grad-
ually decends into the combustion zone over the grate
ishere an
incandescent bed of fuel about two feet in depth is maintained.

The intense heat of the fire is kept from affecting the cast iron
shell of the generator by a lining of fire brick.
Above the
combustion zone surrounding the magazine is the vaporizer in
which water is evaporated.
The air passing from the entrance
orifice travels over the water in the vaporizer and carries a

load of vapor with it as it is drawn under the grate and up through
the incandescent coal.
Through the action of
'
the
heat upon
the water, air, and coal , chemical action takes place, resulting
in the formation of gas.
The gas passes from the generator into
the scrubber where it aseends thru the porous coke over which
water is steadily falling.
The poroua nature of the coke allows
a very intimate mingling of the gas and water that is very effectie
in the process of purification.
Thus the gas is cleansed of

It is then drawn from the
impurities such as soot and tar.
scrubber by a steam ejector and discharged into a jet condenser

from which it passes through a dryer and thence through the meters
and out through the open air.
The steam ejector is used to
secure the necessary draft because of the simplicity, convenience

and absolute control
of the suction which it gives, and which
were deemed necessary to expedite
the con duction
Under commercial operating conditions the draft
of the testt
f'or
starting
is produced by a hand fan blower until the gas becomes of such

a quality as to run the engine, the engine then furnishing the
draft through. the action of the piston.
UN IFO BAITY OF CONDITIONS .
In order to insure a uniform quality of gas the
conditions of operation must remain nearly constant throughout

the test.
The condition of the pressures of the steam and air
blast, of the thickness of the fire and bed of ashes, the regularity of firing and quantity of coal fired at each time, frequency
of poking, and intervals between times of cleaning fires all were
kept as nearly uniform as possible.
STARTIN G AND STOPPING TEST,
The producer was fired and run for a time sufficient

to bring all conditions up to a normal state.
Then the tests
proper were begun with a clean grate, full coal magazine, and the
gas of a fair quality.
respects was nearly
The condition
of the producer in all
as possible the same at the close of the
test as at the beginning.
The fire was of the same quality, the
ashes cleaned out and the hopper filled with coal.
FUEL
AND
ASH .
The coal was weighed and a representative sample
of every shovel full taken as fired.
Samples were taken as the
magazine was charged at the start and at all other times except
at the finish when the magazine was filled to leave in the state
in which it was when the test began.
All ashes were weighed
and a representative sample for analysis taken by the following
method which applies equally as well to the final selection of
6.
the coal taken from the charging sample.
Immediately after the
test was over, the ash was broken, spread, mixed, and quartered
by drawing two diagonals of a square, and the two opposite
quarters were rejected.
This was continued until a .sample of
two or three pounds remained which was preserved in well closed
bottles for analysis,
GAS SAMPLING APPARA TUS.

The method of securing representative gas samples
is a matter seldom receiving due attention.
The device used
in these tests consists of three small tubes leading from a small
chamber into the gas line.
One pipe terminates just within the
gas line, one at the center of the line and the other
v/i
thin a
very short distance of the opposite wall, so that a representative
quality of gas collects in the little chamber from which samples

for the calorimeter and for chemical analysis are with-drawn.
Continuous samples are with drawn for the latter purpose which
insures an accurate representation of the gas produced.
ANALYSIS AND CALORIFIC VALUE OF GAS .
Hempel's method of volumetric determination was
used for analysis from which the heating value was determined.
A second determination of the heating value by Junker's calorimeter was used as a check.
JACKET WATER.
The water in the economizer was kept at nearly a
constant height by adjusting the supply so as to maintain a slight
overflow and the net weight of the water was determined by weighing both supply and overflow.
From the weight of the water
evaporated the humidity of the a|r drawn thru the vaporizer and
the moisture contained in the coal, the percentage of moisture
supplied to the fire. was calculated.
SCRUBBER WAT SR .
The scrubber water was measured by a nêter placed
in the supply pipe.
The meter read in cubic meters.
MOISTURE DSTERiai ATIONS.
A continuous sample of gas is with drawn fro
:m
the
generator discharge pipe by means of a small aspirator and passed

thru a small cooler, on thru a meter, and then thru a vessel
containing; Calciiim chloride.
In its passage the gas gives up
its moisture to the chloBide.
Then from the increase weight of
the chloride due to the moisture obtained from the gas, and the
volume of gas as indicated by the small meter, the total moisture
of the gas may be calculated.
HIGH
TEIvlPERATURE
DETERIH NATIONS.
The high temperatures of the gas as it left the
generator and of the fuel bed in the various zones were determined by means of a thermo-couple.
protected by porcelain tube
A platin um- rhodium-couple
was used in connection with a
galvaanometer reading directly in degrees Centigrade.
8.
THEORY OF
CiAS
PRODUCTION .
Producer gas is the product of incomplete combustion

of fuel in a generator or producer.
In a measure the action
which takes place depends upon the type of producer and upon the
kind of fuel.
In the suction
typ of producer using anthracite
coal which contains a large percentage of carbon and but little
volitile matter, the action is as follows:-
Water vapor and air
pass thru the ash zone and enter the combustion zone of- the
.
Here the incandescent carbon unites with the oxygen
generator.
to form
Og* while the water vapor becomes superheated steam
and possibly begins to decompose.
combustion zone the
In the upper strata of the
Og takes up more
the steam is decomposed into H and
and becomes C 0, while
These reactions require
high temperatures, not lower than 1800 P.
The fuel just above
the fire is heated so that volatile matter is driven off and the
hydro carbons resulting add to the heating value of the gas when
driven off
at sufficiently high temperatures.
Steam or water vapor is introduced in order that

the calorific power of the gas may be increased by the presence
of the hydrogen and to eliminate the formation of clinker in the

bed
fuel^;
Its effect is to absorb the heat on the grate and to carry it to the incandescent fuel bed.
and keeping
tliem
air thru the fire
Also by moistening the ashes
soft and porous it allows a imiform passage of
9.
However, an excessive use of steam rejultG in part of it passing

thru tho fire without being decomposed and then appearing in
the form of water vapor in the gas thus decreasing the fuel
value of the gas.
Gftnoral Discussion *
An examination of the average re suite and of the

log sheets sliows that the generally accepted theories of producer
operation
readil^'-
account for the behavior of the various parts
of the producer during the tests.
Some of these general theories
are as follows:
(1.)
The effect of allowing too nuch moisture in the air as
it passes thru the fuel bed is to cause an excess of C O2 in the

gas.
(2)
Careful operation is necessary in charging and in cleaning
the grates in order that the quality of the gas may not be impared
Air
admitted thru the charging hopper and thru leaks so that it
does not pass thru the fire

(3)
causes a very lean gas to be formed.
The temperature of the gas varies with the rate of gasif-
ication.
CONCLUS ION.
A general conclusion is that the producer does not come

up to its rated capacity.
with the largest load.
The maximum efficiency was obtained
Other than these general statements are
not warranted because of the small number of the tests.
10.
CALCULATIONS
The following will show the method of arriving at
some of the results obtained; the others being self evident.
Item 16 .-
The depth of fuel bed was
talc en
as the dist-
ance between the upper edge of the ash zone and the section where
the gases separate from and leave the fuel.
Item 43. -
The weight of dry coal equals the total weight
of coal as fired minus the weight due to moisture in the coal or

Item 43. = Item 41.
Item 46 .-
1 -
The total weight of combustible consumed is
taken as the total weight of dry coal fired minus weight of ash,
computed from the analysis minus the weight of nitrogen minus

1 1/8 times the weight of oxygen minus the weight of carbon con-
tained in ash and refuse.

Item 43. X Item 58.
- Item
T4.
yi/T*
A
46.=
43.
Then Item
^^^^
m^,
rr
Item 43. X Item 56.
1 l/8 x
io6
Item 43. x Item 65 . '

io6
Item 44. x Item 60.

100
ii^-
Item 62 .
= Item 43.
Hours
Item 63.
46
= Item
Hours.
11141:
X 100.
11.
Item. 64,
Item 62.
xtem x^.
Item 65.
Item 63.
Item 66.
Item 62.
Item i/.
Item 63.
Item 67.
ItTn
Item 66.
Item 68.
Item 69.
17.
Item 71.
Item 67.
j.uem xD
Item 70. X Item 43.

O-W
Item 46.
tXr
by the formula
T<ein
ro.
WV-/iXj
ine neating vaxue oy analysis is given
14540
8
S, H, and
represent the percentages of carbon, sulphur, hydroger
and oxygen respectively contained in the fuel.
The constants
represents the heating values of the products.
Then Item 72.
j^(ltem 53. x 14540
-|-
Item 57. x 4000 f
(Item 54. - l/S x Item 55.) 62000.^
Item 73.
Item 72 x Item 43.

Item 46.'
Item 76.
Item 74. - Item 75.
Item 77.
Item 76. + Item 77^ + Item 77^.
Item
77-b
The weight of water fed to the producer
in the air equals the percent of moisture in the air times the
total weight of dry air used times l/lOO or
12.
Item 77^ =
Item 95
Item 96.
Item 77^ -
tem 41. X Item 42.

100
Item 78. = Item 77. - item 79.
Item 79. = Item 100 X Item 111.

100
If^m 7^
Item 80.
= Item
Item 81.
= Item
X 100.
77,
Item I&*
Item 82.
_ Item 78,
Item 77,
Item 83.
_ Item 78,
Item TTl,
Item 84.
"*
Item 85,
_ Item 78.
Item 46.
Item 86.
Item 78
Item 96.
Item 87.
_ Item 77.
Item
Item 88.
_ Item 77.
Item 46.
Item 89.
_ Item 77.
Item
Item 91.
_ Item 76.
Hours,
Item 92.
_ Item 91.
Item 22.
Item 93.
= Item 77,
Hours,
Item 78
Item 48.
Item 100 x Item 111

100
13.
Item 94 . = IêSLfOHours,
"
Item 95 . -
The percent moisture in air, percent by
weight of dry air is given by the formula
100 m
~m
x 100 =
where
P = percent saturation or the relative humidity of the air, n =
weight of moisture contained in one cubic foot of saturated air

at the temperature of the fire room
or Item 31., m = weight of
one cubic foot of dry air at the observed temperature,
weight of moisture in one cubic foot of air as used.

Item 95. =
^ô"
Then
See Kent p. 484 for weight of air and moisture.)
Item 96 . - The total weight of air used was calculated from the weight of nitrogen appearing in the gas.
This
nitrogen comes from the air used and from the nitrogen introduced
with the fuel.
Taking analysis by weight of
The total weight of
pounds.
in the gas = J!s where W is the
100^
total weight of the gas.
The weight of No supplied by the fuel = ^1 ^1
where
100
weight of dry coal and
= percent by weight of
H^^
Ng contained
in the fuel.
The total weight W4 of N2 in the air is therefore
WN2
_ Wi
100
Hi
;loo
.77
074 x Item 123.) ^

or Item 96. =r(ltem 111.x
ts
Item 104.
(
Item 43. x Item 56.
" ^1^1
= ^
Then the total weight of air supplied =
)1
.77

14.
Item 97 .
Item 98 .
Item 99 .
'
= ilsmjie.
hours.
= f^^2i4|Item 43.
= j}^^
Item 467
- Item 77. - Item 78 . x .^^

T4.
inn
100.
Item
100 . =
TTT
14.
Item TTi
'
Item 104 . -
The sum of the products of the con-
stituents of the gas by volume times their respective specific
weights at 62^ F. and 30 inches Kg. x l/lOO gives the specific

weight of the standard gas in pounds per cubic foot.
Then Item 104. =( Item 115. x .1161 + Item 116. x .07262
+ item 117. x .08418 + Item 118. x .00530 f Item 119. x .04278
+ Item 120. X .0737 + Item 121. x .1633 f Item 122. x .08682
+ Item 123. x .0740 )^|^^.
Item 105 . -
Taking the specific heat of the gases
for constant pressure.

.19 - .0000977
For 00 2,
.000176
t, (a).
t, -.(b).
"
H2O,
.426
"
H2
3.355 - .000678t,
"
CO
"
N2
"
GH4
"
O2
.24 - .0000484
.24 - .0000484
(c).
t, (d).
t, (e).
p
.6
.21 - .0000424
"(f).
t, -(g)-
= temperature of gas leaving producer outlet or
15.
Item 37.
The specific heat of the producer gas is equal to
the sum of the products of the constituents of the gas by weight
times the specific heat of the constituent.
Then Item 105. = |(a x -1161 x Item 115 .

Item 104.
L
(c X
'Q0^^^^-USL223..
item lUft.
ro
^ V
{
^
0'740
x Item 123.
104'.
Item
^ .08418 X Item 117.

Item 104.
rr
4 (d X
s\
f
(
07262 x Item 116.

j^^^
.04278 x Item 119.

^ ^
f
X
item 104.
x
^
^
+
giOO
Item 106 .- The total weight of carbon appearing in

a unit weight of gas =
GO X
3/700 t
;2
(jL
by weight CO2
x i^q^ +
by weight OK4 x 3/400 +
;2
^ by weight
by weight C2 H4 x
rr^gj
The total weight of H2 appearing in a imit weight of
gas = 1/100 % by weight H2 f ^ by weight CH4 x l/4 f ^ by
weight C2 H4 X 1/7
OO2 X
;2
00 X
or Item 106. =
^ GH^ X I f
:;
[% ^2 ^ ^ ^"4
;g
Gg H4 X ^ j
TT
x4t;^C2H4xAj
where
analysis is given % by weight.
Item 107 .-
The volume is calculated from the
analysis of the gas and the analysis of the coal.

The total weight of the carbon appearing in the gas
should equal the total weight of carbon in the coal minus the
weight that is lost thru the grate minus the weight lost in
'
16.
soot and tar.
The latter being very small was neglected.
The weight of the carbon consumed in the producer = Wg =
?L-Z^^2ll, where P and
100
represent the % by weight of carbon
in dry coal and ash respectively; and W and
of dry coal and ash respectively.

the CO2, CO, CIi4, and
= total weight
Wj^
The carbon is contained in
The total weight of carbon con-
H4.
tained in a unit weight of gas = W3 =
3/II COg + o/4 CO -
6/7 C2H4) X 1/100, where COg, CH4, GO, and C2H4 represent
weight from gas analysis.

=
CO2 -
W3
carbon =
gas =
of CO2 -
^
The
^..b^wei^ht
CO 2 x 3/ll ^
X 100
^^^g^^
W3 X 100
Wg f
by
The % of carbon contained in gas as
weight
GO2 X 3/11
^
'
fo
^
^
,
actual
weight of
this
^^^^^
X 3
by weight COgx Wg
W3 X 100 X Wg
The standard volume
2/3.
^ specific weight of
^^^^^^
GO 2 at 62 F. and 30 in. Hg.
This volume is (a) % of the total volume of gas delivered

by the producer.
Then the total volume of standard gas from
the gas analysis = ^
(^ 161 X Item 115.

Item 104.
weight GO ^ x Wg
W3 X Wg X a
^^^^
^ ^^^^ 53^
.1161 X Item 115. (|^x % GOg
| x
^^^^ ^^^^ =
^^^^
GH4 f | x
where analysis if gas is used as % by weight.

T4.
tr\a
_
=
Item 107 .
Hours.
.'^
00 f
j^^j^j
,^
g^^^
^^4)
17.
Item 109,
Item 107
Item 43.
I tern 110.
Item 107
Item 46.
Item 111.
Item 112.
Item 111.
Hours.
Item 113.
Item 43.
Item 114.
Item 124.
Item 46.
The grate efficiency is the ratio of
the total B. T. U. contained in the fuel minus the B. T, U. in

the fuel lost thru thr grate, to the total B. T. U.
the fuel, times 100;
or Item 124.
contained in
Item 45. x Item 70. x 100 ~ Item 4 4. x Item 60. x 14540..

Item 43. X Item 70.
Item 125 .
The hot gas efficiency is the ratio of
the total heat of combustion of the gas plus the sensible heat
of the gas, to the total heat of combustion of the fuel plus the
sensible heat of the fuel and the sensible heat contained in the
air and moisture times 100.
The sensible heat of the fuel,
air and moisture is ordinarily very small and these quantities

are neglected.
Then Item 125. =[ltera 102. x Item 107 +

Item 111. x Item 37. - 62 + Item 79. x
212)
X 100.
-2-
Item 49. x Item 74.
Item 105.x
1116 + .6( Item 37. -
18.
The specific heat of superheated ateam is taken at
Item 126.
The cold
.6
effinienny is
eras
rn+^r^
r^f
the total heat of combustion of the gases to the total heat of
combustion of the fuel times 100. or Item 126. =
Item 102 X I ten, 107.

Item 43. x Item 70.
_
-r^__ i^r^
1^0. xzem
Item 127. x Item 41.
Item 129. -
Item 90. x 1000.

Item 107. x 62i5
"
j^^^^ ^^^^
Heat Balance -ADebit:1.
The total heat supplied per pound of dry coal is
taken as the calorific value by oxygen calorimeter or Item 70.

2.
3.
Item 98. x .24( Item 31. - 62^F,)

Item 77>> X (H - 1070 )
where H - total heat in one

Item 43.""
"""
pound of saturated steam at temperature of the fire room.

4.
Item 43. x Item 2.

Item 43 x 100
5.
.24 X
6,
Item 77a ( Item 33. - 62p.

Item 43.
^
^
Op
^êm 31. ^
- 62 F.
Item 31. - 620F.
s
)
Credit:1.
2,
3.
4.
Item 105. X Item 113. x (item 37. - 62F,

(Item 100 X Item 113)x|~Item 37. - 212F. )x 1116x .s)
100.
Item 102. X Item 109.
Item 44. x Item 60.

^ ^^^^^
Item 43. x 100
19.
5.
This is very small and is neglected.
6.
xtem li
7.
The radiation and condition is equal to the sum of
^tem 34. - Item 33.)
the items on the debit side minus the
sura
of the items 1^ 2, 3, 4,
5, and 6 of the credit side.
Heat Balance -BDebits:-
1.
C02 by weight x Item 113. x 3980.
2.
CO by weight
3.
Item 57. x 40.
4.
This is the total heat from the items 2, 3, 4, 5, and
x Item 113.
x 1850.
of the Heat Balance A.
Credits:1.
Same as item 1. of A.
2.
Same as item
2,
of A.
3.
Item
item
4.
The heat contained in the ash and refuse as sensible
73. x 6890."
4'6.
heat is small and is neglected.

5.
Same as item 6. of A.
6.
Sum of items on debit side minus sum of items 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5 of the credit side.
20,
RESULTS.
P
GAS
PRODUCER
TRIALS.
21.
JO
ON
00
ON
CO
(SI
o"
^0
U
is
iH
ON
NO
NO
NO
NO
CO
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A

Cas Producer, using ^Anthmdte^^G^^

Digitized by the Internet Archive

HORSE-POWER SUCTION GAS

PRODUCER, USING ANTHRACITE COAL

MARTIN EDWARD EVANS

THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY

A STUDY OP A 60 HORSE-POWER SUCTION GAS PRODUCFR,

USING ANIHHAQITE GOAL..

APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

DEGREE OF BACHELO R OF SC I ENCE

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Description of the Producer.

Method of Conducting the Test.

Starting and Stopping Test.-r--

Fuel and Ash.

Gas sampling Apparatus.

Analysis and Calorific

High Temperature Determinations.

Theory of Gas Producer.

Results of Gas Producer Trials.

OF A AUCTION GAS PRODUCER .

The constantly increasing use of gas producers in

of producer manufacturers and power consumers for a

knowledge of the scientific principles underlying the operation,

of the performances of the various types of producers, or of

The producer manufacturer is equally

as well interested because such data gives him an opportunity

producer with the view of improving it and enables

him to correctly represent his product to prospective purchasers.

Various methods have been followed

in testing but all are more or less incomplete.

Garland, of the University

of Illinois, in collaboration with A. P. Kratz, a graduate

student of the University of Illinois.

Engineering Laboratory of the University of Illinois.

was to determine the efficiency of the producer under

Pour of the series are developed and discussed

in the following pages.

A more elaborate treatment of them

is continued in a thesis by Iwr. A. P. Kratz.

Descr iption of the Producer .

for the use of anthracite coal.

by the Otto Qas Engine Company, Philadelphia

general appearance and arrangement

of the plant is clearly shown by the accompanying diagram on

from which it is seen that the principal parts are

In this type the .generator

and economizer are integral,

the latter being in the form of a water jacket surrounding the

incandescent fuel bed.

The generator is equipped with a small

hand blov/er for furnishing air blast to start the producer.

Water decends over the coke and

collects in the bottom to form a seal, the excess overflowing.

the right of the scrubber is a jet condenser into which a Schutle-

consists of two telescopeing sheet iron cylinders within which

V/ater forms an effective seal

preventing the escape of gas between the two cylinders.

Method of CondjacJLing the Test

Prom the meters