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literature. An orphan, Surve was adopted by a cotton mill worker and raised in the famous Dadar
chawls of Mumbai. His formal education was up to seventh standard, but he learnt a number of
languages including Urdu and seriously took up literary translation works. A mill labourer, a peon, a
waiter in hotels and finally a primary school teacher, Surves life was a continuous challenge to
poverty. A soft spoken individual, Surve always remained in the forefront of workers movement.
Besides poems, he also wrote short stories and novels. A famous mainstream Marathi poet
Kusumagraj defined Surves poems as weapons of struggle.
Baburao Bagul (1930-2008): A famous name in Marathi literature as well as in the field of Indian
short stories, Baburao Bagul, after completing school education, worked as a porter for some years
and later joined the Indian Railways. His first short story collection in 1963 When I hid my caste
was acclaimed as a Dalit epic. Bagul spent childhood in abject poverty, initially in a village in Nasik
and later in a Mumbai slum. A strong critic of patriarchy, Bagul was hugely influenced by Jyotiba
Phule, Ambedkar and particularly by Marx. His writings depict the oppression of Muslim Christian
community along with the injustice on Dalits. During the formation of Dalit Panther in the 1970s, he
penned a number of theoretical articles. Bagul had always been a writer with deep commitment to left
philosophy.
Waharu Sonawane (b.1950): A vanguard of Dalit and tribal movements, Waharu Sonawane is a tribal
poet and a lyricist too. A follower of Marxist thought, Sonawane has remained a thorough critic of
militarisation of politics, invincibility of establishment of power and patriarchy, particularly in the
Dalit and tribal societies. His poems, often satirical, are enriched with frequent use of tribal words and
expressions.
Arun Kale (1953-2008): An active participant in social and political movements, Arun Kale was an
early associate of the Dalit Panther group. A well known poet of the last quarter of twentieth century,
Kale was a real humanist who constantly challenged all forms of oppressions. His historical analysis
of the changing status of Dalits in the society has been acclaimed by many. His later poems are
formidable critiques of the contemporary globalisation process and its fall-outs.
Pratibha Rajanand (b. 1968): A forerunner of revolutionary literature movement, Pratibha Rajanand
looks at women as human beings first and hence reconstructs her poems as unyielding voice of
womens rights. Analytical and unambiguously expressed, her poems always carry positive message
for a better future. Rajanand runs two womens organisations, namely Mahila Stree Adhar Kendra
and Maitra in Aurangabad.
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