CE 432 Wastewater Treatment Plant Design

Sewer Design, edit bolded values: S, n, conduit fill ratio e.g. .75, Qavg (MGD) and the factors for Qpeak hour
BOD 5
SS
Total P
NH3-N as N

Given:S = .005 ft/ft, n=.003, conduit 3/4 full

S(ft/ft) =
0.005
n=
0.013
conduit fill ratio =
Q avg, MDG =
Q peak hourly, factor
Q min, factor
Find: D, Vmin, Vmax
D, inches =
Vmax, fps =
davg, inches
Vavg, fps =
dmin, fps =
Vmin, fps =
Waste Flows
Design Flow
Q avg
Q peak
Q min

0.75
15
2.5
0.4

250
220
9
30

40.28 Use next larger commerically available size, subsequent d's and V's based on the calculat
8.15
28.56
3.46
20.26
2.08

Factor
1
2.5
0.4

MGD
15.00
37.50
6.00

CFS
23.21
58.01
9.28

GPM
10417
26042
4167

Calculate the pipe diameter

d/D=
0.75
-1
= 2cos (1-(2d/D))=
240.00
radians
4.19
A=(D2/8)(-sin())
R=(D/4)(1 - sin()/r)
AR2/3=(D8/3/ (8*4 2/3))(-sin()(1 - sin()/r)2/3
(-sin()(1 - sin()/r)2/3 = Qn(8*42/3)/ [ (1.486)*D8/3*S1/2 ]
D based on peak flow = [ Qn(8*42/3)/ (1.486)S1/2(-sin())(1 - sin()/r)2/3 ] 3/8
D, feet =
3.36
D, inches =
40.28 Use next larger commercially available size
Calculate the maximum velocity based on the peak hourly flow
A=(D2/8)(-sin())
d for max flow, ft
30.21
d/D=
0.75
= 2cos-1(1-(2d/D))=
240.00
radians
4.19
A, ft2 =
7.12 Based on calculated D, not next larger commerically available size
Vpeak, fps =
8.15
Calculate the average velocity based on the average flow

d for avg flow, ft =

d for avg flow, inches =
d/D=
= 2cos-1(1-(2d/D))=
radians
A, ft2 =
Vavg, fps =

2.38 Based on calculated D, not next larger commerically available size

28.56
0.71
229.47
4.00
6.71
3.46

Calculate the minimum velocity based on the minimum flow

d for min flow, ft =
1.69 Based on calculated D, not next larger commerically available size
d for min flow, inches =
20.26
d/D=
0.50
= 2cos-1(1-(2d/D))=
180.68
radians
3.15
A, ft2 =
4.46
Vmin, fps =
2.08

the factors for Qpeak hourly and Qmin.

s and V's based on the calculated value shown.

CE 432 Wastewater Treatment Plant Design

Bar Screens
Given: Provide 2 (1+1) mechanical screens, =75, bars space = 1.0 inches, Vmax = 3.0 fps, Vavg = 2fps, Vmin =1.3 fps
, degrees =
0.005
Vmax, fps =
0.013
Vavg, fps =
0.75
Vmin, fps =
Find:
1. Bar rack dimensions
2. Chamber dimensions
d in the rack at peak flow
headloss through the rack
draw a dimensional plan and profile of the bar screen structure
Waste Flows
Design Flow
Factor
MGD
CFS
Q avg
1
15.0
23.21
Q peak
2.5
37.5
58.01
Q min
0.4
6.0
9.28

avg = 2fps, Vmin =1.3 fps

CE 432 Waste water treatment plant design

Grit
Chamber
Waste characteristics
Design Flow
MGD
Ave Q
12
Peak Q
25

BOD 5
CFS
18.60
38.75

SS
Total P
NH3-N as N

250
220
9
30

D. Primary

CE 432 Waste water treatment plant design

mg/l
Waste characteristics
Design Flow

BOD 5

250
220

MGD

CFS

SS

Ave Q

12

18.60

Total P

Peak Q

25

38.75

NH3-N as N

30

L/W ratio

Plant Effluent Qualities

(mg/l)

BOD 5

20

SS

20

VSS/SS ratio

0.65

Module D-- Primary Treatment

BOD 5

SS

Percent Removal

34

63

Effluent (mg/l)

165

81.4

Design Criteria
No. of Tanks

Detention Time

1.5

hours min.

SOR

800

gpd/sf

Tank Area = Q/ SOR=

15000

sf total or

Tank Vol = Q * DT

750000

gal total or

Calculations
1

Tank Dimensions

Tank Depth = V/A =

A = Wx L = W x 4 W
L = A/W=

6.68 ft

7500 sf each tank

375000 gal ea tank

Use 7 ft plus 2 ft freeboard

W=

43.3

use

40

ft

187.5

ft

use

190

ft

Page 8

E. AS

Module E. Activated Sludge Treatment

Tot BOD 5
Primary Effluent

E1

SS

biodeg/SS

165

81.4

Secondary Effluent Qualitie

20

20

Peak Factor

2.1

BOD rate constant k

biodg solid

0.65

13

0.1 per day

Ratio of Lu to 5 day BOD = f =

0.684

BOD due to biomass = 1.42 *biodg * BOD/Lu =

12.6

Soluble BOD in effluent = Total BOD - BOD due to biomass=

E2

7.4

Biological Treatment Efficienty based on soluble BOD =

95.5%

Biological Tramtment Efficiency based on total BOD=

87.9%

Aeration Volume
Use Metcalf and Eddy's Kinetic Model VX = Y Q C (S0-Se) / ( 1+ kd C)
Design parameters

VSS/SS

X = MLVSS ( mg/l)

2800

MLSS =

Y = Cell yield co. ( per day)

0.6

Q = Inflow ( MGD)

12 MGD

C= Cell resident time (days)

10 days

kd=endo. resp. rate ( per day)

0.06

So = BOD in inflow (mg/l)

165

Se = BOD in effl. (mg/l)

7.4

Volume of tank ( MG) = V = Y Q C (S0-Se) / ( 1+ kd C) /X=

2.53

Volume ( cf) =

338665

Hyd retention time = V/Q=

E3

3500

0.21 days or

5.1 hrs

Tank dimensions
Tank depth ( ft)
Total Tank area = V/d

15 ft
22578 sf

Area for each tank =

5644

Width of each tank =

33.6

Length of each tank=

166

No. of Tanks

L/W ratio

use

Page 9

34

0.80

E. AS

E4

Return Sludge Rate

Calculate by balancing biomass around reactor ( not accurate/ ignores cell growth in reactor)
Q Xo + Qr Xr = ( Q+Qr) X
Q
Qr=Q X / ( Xr-X)

Xo

12

Xr
2800

Qr

Qr/Q

10000

4.67

0.39

MG
E5

Waste Activated Sludge Rate

Method A. Calculated from Cell Residence time
C
C = V X/(QwXr+QeXe)
Qw =(VX/C-QeXe)/Xr=

V
10

2.53

Xr
2800

Xe
10000

13

0.0553301 MG

WAS--VSS (lbs/day)=

4615

WAS--SS (lbs/day) =

5768

Method B. Calculate from BOD removal

Biomass

Px = Yobs Q ( So-Se) 8.34

Y

Kd

Yobs

0.6

0.06

10

0.375

So

Se

Px

12

165

7.4

5916

Yobs = Y / ( 1+kd C)

E-6

SS

7394

WAS --SS (lbs/day) = Px - Q Xe 8.34 =

5393

Use the larger of two methods

WAS--SS =

5768 lbs/day

RAS and WAS Pumps

Tot Q

Q/pump

Qp/Pump

MG

gpm

gpm

no. of RAS pumps

4.67

1080

2251

no of WAS pumps

0.055

58

120

(WAS pumps 8 hr/d)

E-7

Oxygen Requirements

O2 = C BODu - BODu in Px + N BODu

Q

C BOD = Q ( So-Se) 8.34 / f

So
12

Se
165

Px (SS lb/d))Biodg/SS

Page 10

f
7.4

BOD in WAS

C BODu
0.684

23070

E. AS

BOD in WAS = 1.42 Px (biod)

5916

O2 (lbs/d) =

E-8

0.65

17610

For ave flow

36688

For peak flow

5460

Compressor Requiement
Air requirement at STP ( 14.7 psi and 68 F)
lbs/cf
Air

O2/Air Vol O2/Air Wt

0.0752

0.21

Air requirement= air /transfer efficiency

air wt(lb/d)

air (lb/sec) air (scfm)

0.23

76566

0.886

707

transfer eff =

0.128

6.923

5524

14.42

11508

Air requirement at Qp
Compressor HP = [WRT/(550 n e) ][(P2/P1)**n-1]

Sized at Qp

W (lb/sec)

P2 (psia)

P1(psia)

T (R)

14.42

0.283

0.8

24.7

13.7

53.3

570

Total

Each compressor
Av disch P

19.7
no of compressor

HP max

639

Check MIxing

6
scfm

Ave Q (scfm/1000 cf aeration vol)

106
scfm/1000cfm T tank

V (1000 cf)
5524

339

17.9

34.0
cfm/scfm* cfm/1000cfm

Ave flow

0.87

*Vt=(Pstp/Pt)x (Tt/Tstp) Vstp

14.2

At peak flow
E-9

560

16.3

At Qp

P ave tank

Range

20-30

29.5

Calculate numuber of diffusers

(Ts/Ts) Vs

From M&E p. 562 T 10-7, typical values 3.3-10 cfm per diffuser
Use diffuser with

5 cfm/diffuser at Qp

number of diffusers =

Ceramic Disc Grids

2302

number of diffuser per tank=

575
L

E-10

Coarse bubble spiral

Diffuser spacing = L/n

Grid

Spacing =sqrt( tank area/ no of diffusers) =

F/M Ratio

So

F (lbs/d)

Page 11

n Spacing(ft) spacing(in)
3

E. AS

F (lb/d) = Sox Qx 8.34

165
MLVSS

E-11

12
V

M(lbs) = MLVSS V 8.34

2800

F/M ratio =

0.28

16513
M

2.53 59155.70002
Typical range 0.2-0.4

Organic Loading ( #BOD/d per 1000 cf aetation volume)

F ( lbs/d)

16513

V ( 1000 cf)

339

F/V

48.8

Typical range 50-120

Alternate I. Trickling Filter

Es = 100/(1+0.0085 sqrt(W/VF))

V = Volume in Acre-Ft

V = W/F [(100/Es-1)/0.0085]^(-2)

W = BOD applied lbs/d

Es= BOD removal Efficiency

Es=100*(So-Se)/So

F = (1+R)/(1 + 0.1 R)**2

R = Recirculaiton ratio
Es

Calculate V

88
# filters

Filter Dimensions
Alternate II. RBC

F
2.0

Depth (ft)
6

W
2.08

SF each
6

36423

V (AC-Ft) V ( cf)

16513

30.10

Diam ( ft)
215

See Text Figure 10-39

Hydraulic loading depends in soluble BOD in influent and total BOD in effluent.
Influent total BOD
Influent soluble BOD

165 mg/l
20

Hydraulic loading rate

1.6 gpd/sf

Check Organic Loading

Each shaft provides

70% soluble

115.5

Effluent total BOD

Calculate A required

Assume

From Fig 10-39 , P. 634

7500000 SF
2.20 lbs/d per 1000 SF

Typical range 2- 3.5

140 MSF( average value) for shaft length

No of shafts required

54

No of shafts per train

No.of shafts per train

13.4

Page 12

27 ft

1,311,216

E. AS

Page 13

E. AS

Page 14

E. AS

Page 15

E. AS

Page 16

F. Final Clar

Module F. Final Clarifier

Qp

SOR

SL

(MGD)

(gpd/sf)

(#/d per sf)

at Qp

25

1500

50

at Q ave

12

Design Criteria

Area required for clarification = Q/SOR =

16667

SF

Note: See P.588. Q excludes Qr becasue return sludge is drawn off the bottom, therefore,
does not contibute to overflow rate.
Area required for thickening = Total SS lbs/d / SL
Total solids (lb/d)

Qr/Q

Qp

0.39

25

(Q+Qr) peak MLSS

Area required for thickening (SF) =

d
Detention time = A d / (Q+Qr)
No. of circular tanks=
Tank dimensions
Each Tank

34.72

3500 1013541.7

20271

Use the higher area for design

DT (h) ave
10

Total SS

2.2

DT (h) pk
1.05

4
A

Dia

5068

80

# tanks

SLR

SOR

Thicken S

lbs/d/sf

gpd/sf

% solids

10

800

SS(mg/l)

220

12

Module G. Gravity Thickener

Design Criteria

Sludge Quantity
SS in WW

8%

SS (lbs/d) VSS/SS

VSS(lbs/d)

22018

0.7

15412

WAS ( From E-5)

5768

0.80

4615

Total Sludge

27786

Circular Tank Dimensions

Volume of Thickend Sludge

Total A

Each A

Diam (ft)

2779

1389.2881

42

SS (lb/d)

SG

Solid %

27786

1.01

8%

20027

V (cf/d)

Depth (ft/d)

5511

2.0

Blanket(ft) Rmvl(ft/d) SVI

Sludge Volume Ratio = V of sludge blanket/ V sludge removal
Typical range of SVI is 0.5-20. If SVI > 20, Bulking sludge.

Page 17

2.0

4.0

CE 432 Waste water treatment plant design

Gravity
Thickener
Waste characteristics
Design Flow
MGD
Ave Q
12
Peak Q
25

BOD 5
CFS
18.60
38.75

SS
Total P
NH3-N as N

250
220
9
30

H. Ana Dig

Module H. Anaerobic Digester

Design Criteria
# Tank

T digester

T slud in

T earth

T air

DT

oF
3

95

50
SS (lbs/d)

Primary sludge
Biosludge
Total sludge
1

40

40

VSS/SS

VSS load
days

lb VSS/d/cf

15

0.2

VSS(lbs/d) V (cf/d)

22018

0.7

15412

5768

0.8

4615

27786

20027

5511

Tank Dimensions
Volume required for hyd loading =

82664 cf

Volume required for VSS loading=

100134 cf

Use the higher value

Digester Dimensions
#Tank

V (cf) each Depth(ft)

Each Tank

33378

A each

30

Daim
1113

38

2 Energy Production
Assumptions
15 cf gas per lb solids destroued
600 BTU per cf gas
50% of VSS applied are destroyed
TSS app

Fix SS

VSS appl

VSS destr

Gas prod

E prod

#/d

#/d

#/d

#/d

cf/d

MBTU/d

27786

7759

20027

10013

150201

90121

Digested Sludge Characteristics

VSS

FS
10013

TSS
7759

( lbs/d)
17772

Energy Requirements for Digester Heating (BTU/d)

Total Heat Req( Ht) = Heat req to raise temp of sludge ( Hs) + Heat req to compensate for loss ( Hl)
Hs = P ( #/d sludge dry solids) x ( 100/ps) ( Td-Ts) x (1/24 )x Cp
ps=% solids

Cp = sp heat of sludge Td= temp of digester Ts = temp of sludge

Page 19

H. Ana Dig

P
Cal Hs

ps

27786

Td
8%

Ts
95

Cp
50

Hl= C ( Coef of heat flow) x A ( contact area) x ( T d- To)

Cal Hl
Dry earth

Td

To

Hs (BTU/hr)
1

To is temp of outside

Hl

0.08

95

40

3338

14686

Air ( Cover)

0.3

95

40

3338

55074

Air ( walls)

0.3

95

40

10642

175591

0.26

95

Wet earth

651229

Total heat loss

245351

Total Heat requirements ( BTU/h) = Hs + Hl =

896580

Page 20

I. Sludge Dewater

Module I Sludge Dewatering

Disgested Sludge TSS (lbs/d)
1

17772

Solid Loading Rate for filter drum

4 #/hr per sf

Filter Drum Area (sf) =

2

185

Chemical Requirements
Dose

lbs/d

Lime

8%

1422

Ferric Chloride

2%

355

Volume of Sludge Cake

Total Weight of sludge cake =
Solid content of sludge cake =
SG of dry solids is assumed to be

19550
18%
2

Calculate SG of sludge

1.18

Volume of sludge cake (cf/d)

1475

Page 21