]OURNAL Of the

AmeRicaN
1938

OF

DerMaTOLOGY

0~

VOLUME 12
I II II

AcaDemy

NUMBER 1

II

Part 1
IIII

II

JANUARY, 1985
I

COminuing medical education

P e r f u m e dermatitis
Walter G. Larsen, M.D. Portland, OR
The most common reaction to fragrance materials seen by practicing
dermatologists is allergic contact dermatitis. Photodermatitis is occasionally
seen, as is contact urticaria, irritation, and depigmentation. Fragrances are the
leading cause of allergic contact dermatitis due to cosmetics. The fragrance
mixture can cause false-positive reactions; therefore, it is more desirable to
test with a separate series of fragrance materials. (J AM ACAI~DERMATOr.
12:1-9, 1985.)

The most common reaction seen by practicing

dermatologists to fragrance materials is allergic
contact dermatitis. Photodermatitis is occasionally
seen, as is contact urticaria, irritation, and depigmentation. Fragrances have widespread use and
are found not only in cosmetics but also in detergents, fabric softeners, toothpastes, sanitary pads,
etc. A recent prospective cosmetic adverse reaction study showed that fragrances are the leading
cause of allergic contact dermatitis due to cosmetics. 1 The second leading cause of allergic contact dermatitis was preservatives such as Quaternium-15, imidazolidinyl urea, and 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-l-3-diol (Bronopol). Lanolin and its
derivatives ranked third.
The approximate concentration of perfume oils
used in various products is shown in Table I.
There are over 5,000 fragrance materials in use

"*"']~"%~o~~
:" ".~:.... ~

The CME articles are made

educationalgrant from SyntexPSsibleLaboratories,thrughlne.an

From the Department of Dermatology, The Oregon Health Sciences

University.
Reprint requests to: Portland Dermatology Clinic, 2250 N. W. Flanders, Portland, OR 97210.

today. A typical complete perfume m a y consist of

ten to 300 separate components. Defining the
specific offending allergens can, therefore, be
difficult.
Fragrance mixture
The fragrance mixture is a combination of the
most common fragrance allergens detected over
the last several years. It consists of the following
eight chemicals, at a 2% concentration in petrolatum: cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic aldehyde,
eugenol, isoeugenol, hydroxycitronellal, oakmoss
absolute, geraniol, and alpha amyl cinnamic alcohol (Fig. 1). Recent introduction o f this screening mixture has facilitated testing for fragrance
sensitivity. Balsam of Peru is a marker of fragrance sensitivity and is positive in about 50% of
cases of perfume allergy.
Much of the background testing for the fragrance mixture was performed using the fragrance
components from the perfume in Mycolog cream
(Table I I ) ) '3 The perfume mixture will be modified as new fragrance allergens are defined. One
problem with the perfume mixture is that some
false-positive irritant reactions occur, especially

Journal of the
American Academy of
Dermatology

Larsen

Table I. Approximate concentrations of

perfumes in various products
Masking perfumes
Cosmetics
Colognes
Toilet water
Perfumes

0.1% or less
0.5 %
4.0%
5.0%
20.0%

with the excited skin syndrome (ESS), i.e., the

"angry b a c k " syndrome. When this occurs, it is
important that the patient's skin be allowed to return to normal and that the patient be retested with
the perfume mixture several weeks or months
later.
If a positive response to the fragrance mixture
occurs, the eight components should be tested
separately in order to determine the inciting allergen. The allergens of the fragrance mixture are
readily available.* The fragrance mixture detects
possibly 70% to 80% of fragrance sensitivity,
leaving 20% to 30% undetected. Therefore, in a
patient who is perfume-sensitive but has a negative reaction to the fragrance mixture, it is necessary to obtain the components of the offending
perfume and to test the components in order to
determine the fragrance allergen. The easiest
method is to ask the cosmetic company for several
partitions of the fragrance and to break down the
partitions that are positive until the responsible
allergen or alIergens are determined. Most cosmetic and fragrance companies are now cooperative in this endeavor.
Most perfumes can be tested safely in a concentration of 10% to 30% in petrolatum or alcohol.
However, individual components should be diluted
to a concentration of 1% to 5% in petrolatum or
alcohol (see "Appendix"). Available personnel in
industry are listed in a guide published by the
Cosmetics, Toiletry and Fragrance Association entitled, "Cosmetic Industry on Call. " t
Calnan and associates 4 tested 2,461 patients and
found the fragrance mixture positive in 7%; most
*Tro-Labs, Hermal-Chemie Kurt Herrmann, P.O.B. 1228, D-2057
Reinbek b. Hamburg, Germany;AmericanAcademyof Dermatology, 1567 Maple Ave., Evanston, IL 60201; Hollister-StierLaboratories, Box 3145 T.A., Spokane, WA 99220.
tCosmetics, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, 1110 Vermont
Avenue N.W., Washington DC 20005.

Table II. Ingredients of Mycolog cream perfume

Hydroxycitronellal
Citral pure
Petitgrain Cordillera
Linalyl formate
Lime distilled
Anisyl alcohol
Citronellal extra
Orange Sweet California
Terpinyl acetate
Cinnamic alcohol
Resinoid labdanum in benzyl benzoate
Terpineol prime
Mousse d'Arbre Absolute (oakmoss absolute)
Gardinol
Acetophenone extra
Musk T Special
Lovage Extra, Oil
Orange Terpenes
Linalyl acetate
Alpha amyl cinnamic alcohol
Sandalwood
Benzyl acetate extra
Patchouli oil
Brazilian bois de rose oil
Geranium bourbon
Lavandin
Coumarin in benzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol
reactions were relevant. They also determined the
number of patients reactive to the individual components (Table III).

Testing to individual fragrance materials

Because of the problem of irritant, false-positive
reactions to the perfume mixture, it is currently
considered more appropriate to test with a perfume
screening series (Table IV). Since fragrance allergy is such an important part of dermatologic
practice, adding a few extra allergens should be no
burden in routine testing. Perfume sensitivity is a
common cause of unsuspected allergy.
The Research Institute for Fragrance Materials
(RIFM) was established by the fragrance industry
to gather data in order to evaluate safety of fragrance materials. They have published monographs on fragrance raw materials.* The International Fragrance Research Association (IFRA)t
*RIFM, 375-SylvanAve., Englewood, NY 07632.
tIFRA, 8, rue Charles-Humbert,CH-1205, Geneva, Switzerland.

Volume 12
Number 1, Part 1
January, 1985

Perfume dermatitis

Table III. Perfume mixture results

January 1979March 1980

Perfume mixture
Cinnamic aldehyde
Cinnamic alcohol
Isoeugenol
Oakrnoss
Eugenol
Geraniol
Hydroxycitronellal
Alpha amyl cinnamic
alcohol

[
I

Table IV. Perfume screening series

Tested

Positive

Percent

2,46[

172
94
61
48
29
25
7
36
5

7
4
2
2
1.2
1
0.2
1.4
0.2

was founded in 1973 to ensure the safety-in-use of

fragrance materials and to collaborate in the development of international practices and regulations as to the use of fragrances in consumer products. IFRA has adopted a "Code of Practice for
the Fragrance Industry" to guide all members of
the industry in evaluating their own internal procedures and controls with the ultimate aim of providing safe fragrances. They provide industry
guidelines to restrict ingredient usage after the scientific advisory committee reviews information
from RIFM, and they also provide industry laboratories and academic research.

Cinnamic alcohol and einnamlc aldehyde

These two commonly used fragrance materials
are well-known allergens. Cinnamic aldehyde and
alcohol and chemically related components are
used primarily as flavoring agents, as well as
fragrances. They are used in beverages (cola),
vermouths, bitters, chewing gums, mouthwashes,
toilet soaps, and toothpastes. Sanitary napkin
dermatitis due to cinnamic alcohol has been reported.
Because of its sensitizing capacity, IFRA recommends that cinnamic alcohol not be used as a
fragrance ingredient at a level over 4% in fragrance compounds.

Hydroxycitronellal
Hydroxycitronellal is a fragrance widely used in
floralizing perfume materials. It may also be found
as a fragrance in antiseptics and insecticides. This
widely used fragrance material is synthetic and not
found in nature.

I. Common fragrance allergens

(can be used for routine screening)
I. Cinnamic alcohol
5% petrolatum
2. Cinnamic aldehyde
1%
3. Hydroxyeitronellal
4%
4. Isoeugenol
5%
5. Eugenol
5%
6. Oakmoss absolute
5%
II. Less common fragrance allergens
7. Alpha amyl cinnamic
5%
alcohol
8. Geraniol
5%
9. Benzyl salicylate
2%
10. Sandalwood oil
2%
11. Anisyl alcohol
5%
12. Benzyl alcohol
5%
13. Coumarin
5%
III. Photoallergen
14. Musk ambrette
5%
(also a contact allergen)

Isoeugenol and eugenol

These two common allergens do not necessarily
cross-react. Eugenol is frequently used in toothache drops, inhalants, and antiseptics. Because of
its sensitizing capacity, IFRA recommends that
isoeugenol not be used at a level over 1% in a
compound. Perfumers have had a difficult time
trying to find a substitute for this very valuable
material.
Oakmoss absolute
Oakmoss absolute is a natural product derived
from a tree lichen. Atranorin is present in oak_moss
that is made from oak moss and tree moss. 5 Contact with oakmoss perfumes and lichens in nature
may cause atranorin allergy. Oakmoss absolute is
a commonly used fragrance material in aftershave
lotions.
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol is a fragrance ingredient that is
also used as an antiseptic topically and as a preservative in injectable medications.
Musk ambrette
Musk ambrette is a synthetic chemical that has
been used widely for the tast 60 years.O Its use in

Larsen

Journal of t h e
American Academy o f
Dermatology

F_.=r_..-c, o

c--c-c.,o.

~==~c.o,-,

An essential
oil from
a lichen

cinnamic

oakmoss
absolute

cinnamic
alcoho/

aldehyde

alphaamyl
cinnamicalcohol

c=HcHcH.oHcH.
H
!

H,OH

HO

.,~H
geraniol

hydroxycitronellaJ

~~~LocH=

OCH=

OH

OH

isoeugenol

eugeno~

Fig. 1. The eight components of the fragrance mixture.

fragrances, soaps, detergents, creams, lotions,
and dentifrices in the United States amounts to
about 100,000 pounds per year. This nitromusk
compound is used as a fixative in perfume formulations in concentrations from 1% to as high as
15%.
in 1978, Larsen reported the first case of photoallergic contact dermatitis to musk ambrette.*
The patient used a weli-known aftershave lotion
and broke out with a severe dermatitis on the sunexposed areas of the face and neck. Since that time
there have been numerous reports of photosensitivity to musk ambrette. ~ In addition, musk ambrette can also cause nonphotoallergic contact
dermatitis. Harber sensitized guinea pigs to musk
ambrette; however, Kligman was not able to sensitize humans? To date almost all clinical cases
have been male. Apparently putting aftershave lotion on a recently shaved face and going outdoors
is analogous to a continuous daily photomaximization test. Musk ambrette should be a component o f any photopatch testing series,
I F R A recommends that musk ambrette not be
used as a fragrance ingredient at a level over 4% in
flagrance compounds. They further recommend
*Larsen WG: Photoallergy to musk ambrette found in an aftershave
lotion. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy
of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA, December, 1978.

that musk ambrette not be used at a level over

O. 1% in fragrance compounds intended for use in
aftershave products.

6-Methyleoumarin
6-Methylcoumarin is a synthetic compound
structurally related to the furocoumarins. Several
years ago an epidemic of photodermatitis occurred
in people using a popular sunscreen with an increased level of 6-methylcoumarin. 9 The reaction
occurred primarily in women and developed
within several hours after they applied the suntan
lotion and went into the sun. The FDA received
many consumer complaints, and it initiated a shelf
recall of all suntan products containing this ingredient. 1 Subsequent phototesting suggested that
6-methylcoumarin is indeed a potent photosensitizer, at least under the conditions of this particular
application. 11
IFRA recommends that 6-methylcoumarin and
also 7-methylcoumarin not be used as a fragrance
ingredient.

Versalide (AETT)
Versalide (AETT) is a Tetralin musk widely
used as a musk fixative in many cosmetics, including soaps, colognes, and antiperspirants. It found
wide use as a masking agent in nonscented antiperspirants. Several years ago, Avon toxicologists

Volume 12
Number 1, Part 1
January, 1985

discovered that, during routine dermal tests with

rats exposed to perfume oil, the skin and internal
organs of the rats developed a blue color. The
central nervous system was among those organs
showing the most intense coloration. The pathologic change found in the nervous tissue was demyelinization of nerve tracts. 12 This neurotoxic
effect was reported to the Research Institute for
Fragrance Materials, and the two fragrance companies that made Versalide stopped supplying it
for use in consumer products. The Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) took no action because the
compound was no longer being utilized for human
use. IFRA recommends that Versalide not be used
in any fragrance compounds.
Balsam of Peru
Balsam of Peru is included in the American
Academy of Dermatology* screening series at a
concentration of 25%. Many people who are
fragrance-sensitive also react to balsam of Peru.
Hjorth ~3 found that most men in his series became
allergic to balsam of Peru due to exposure to
medicinal balsam of Peru, whereas women became allergic through the use of fragrance materials. Many allergens found in perfumes are either
ingredients of balsam of Peru or are closely related
chemicals. These chemicals include benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic
aldehyde, cinnamic acid, eugenol, isoeugenol,
and other products of coniferyl alcohols. IFRA
recommends that balsam of Peru not be used as a
fragrance ingredient. Only distilled products that
have no potential for sensitization should be used.
Unscented cosmetics
The paradox of cosmetics that are labeled "unscented" but that in reality contain a "masking"
perfume has been raised. 24 "Unscented," ' 'masking" perfumes are used to mask the fatty odor of
soap and odor of base chemicals in "unscented"
antiperspirants and lubricants. They are also used
in cosmetics labeled "lightly" scented and those
with no discernible and "nonlingering" fragrance. The fragrance makes up less than 1% of
the cosmetic.
*American Academyof Dermatology, 1567 Maple Ave., Evanston,
IL 60201.

Perfume dermatitis

Inconsistency in cosmetic labeling poses a dilemma to the dermatologist who advises fragrance-sensitive patients to use unscented products. A masking fragrance usually consists of a
single fragrance material or a complete perfume at
a reduced concentration of about 0.01%. Some
companies list their product as unscented and
in the list of ingredients include the chemical
ethylene brassylate (Musk T). However, most patients and physicians would not recognize ethylene
brassylate as a masking fragrance. Therefore,
there is merit in including with the component or
components a masking fragrance in the list of ingredients in parentheses.
The solution to the masking fragrance problem
is to either (1) eliminate the term "masking fragrance" or (2) use a prominent asterisk by the
term "unscented" and list the chemicals that constitute the masking fragrance. 15 If the masking
scent is a complex fragrance, the inclusion of a
code number would make it easy for the dermatologist to request the masking scent for patch testing. Prominent disclosure of the presence of a
masking scent in unscented products would inherently inform the public of the reason for a masking
scent and reduce the chance of consumer deception.
Suntan salon photodermatitis
A patient developed a severe photodermatitis on
the arms and neck after applying Shalimar perfume and going to a suntan salon. The Shalimar
perfume used was 30 or 40 years old and apparently still contained the phototoxic oil of bergamot. Applying some recently manufactured
Shalimar perfume and going to the suntan salon
produced no reaction. Most perfumes that contain
oil of bergamot contain the bergapten-free variety;
therefore, the phototoxic reactions that were
common years ago are rarely seen today.
Contact urticaria
Contact urticaria may be allergic or nonallergic. 18 Balsam of Peru and certain of its derivatives
can cause nonallergic urticaria. The chief agent
responsible for this is cinnamic aldehyde, although cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, and benzaldehyde are also active. The mechanism of action
is probably a nonallergic histamine-liberating ef-

Journal of the
American Academy of
Dermatology

Larsen

T a b l e V, Suggested restrictions on ingredient usage (IFRA)*

Limit on concentration
or product use

Excluded

1. AETr (Acetyl ethyltetramethyl tetralin)

2. Allanroot oil (elecampane oil)
3. Anisylidene acetone
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Benzylidene acetone
P-Tert-ButylphenoI
Cyclamen alcoholt
Diethyl maleate
Dihydrocoumarin
4, 6-Dimethyl-8-t butyl coumarin

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Dimethylcitraconate
Ethyl acrylate
Hydroabietyl alcohol
6-Isopropyl-2-decalol
7-Methoxyeoumarin

15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25,

a Methyl anisylidene acetone

6-Methyl coumarin
7-Methyl coumarin~"
4-Methyl-7-ethoxyt coumarin
Methylcrotonate
Nitrobenzene
Pentylidene cyelohexanone
Balsam of Peru
Pseudoionones
Pseudomethylionone#
Styrax

5-Acetyl- 1,1,2,3,3,6-hexamethyl indant

Allylesters$
Angelica root~
Bergamot oilt,
Bitter orange oil expressed?
Cassia oil
Cinnamic alcohol
Cinnamon bark oil, Ceylon
Cos?us root, essential oil, absolute, and concrete
Cumin oilt
Lemon oil cold expressedt
Lime oil expressed?
Methyl heptine carbonate
Methyl N-methyl anthranilate?
dimethyl anthranilate
Opponax?,l[
Perillaldehyde
Oils from Pinacea family
Propylidene phthalide
Rue oil?
Safrole
Musk ambrette?
Isoeugenol

Use with
quenching agent(s)

Carvone oxide
Cinnamic aldehyde
Cinnamic aldehyde methyl anthranilate Schiff base
Citral
Farnesol
Phenylacetaldehyde

*Adapted fromPerf & Flavorist 6:64, 1981,

?May possessphototoxicor photoallergicproperties.
~:Allylestersmay be used only when (the irritant) free allyl alcohol is <0.1%.
Allow certainproducts subjectedto treatment to reduce allergens.
IlLimitedto productof alcoholic extraction.
Percent determined by level of peroxides.
#Small percentis allowableas an impurityin other fragrances.
fect that may be more than a purely cutaneous
phenomenon because some individuals suffering
from chronic respiratory allergies precipitate
symptoms of their condition on exposure to certain
fragrance materials. Terpinyl acetate used in a
spray starch has been reported to cause contact
urticaria, x~

incidence of fragrance sensitivity. The reason for

sensitization is the use of fragranced lubricants
and therapeutic agents (i.e., Mycolog) on dermatitic skin. Application of a perfumed deodorant
to a recently shaved and irritated axiUa enhances
sensitization.

Mechanism of fragrance sensitization

"Predictive testing" for fragrance

sensitization

The widespread use of fragrance materials is

probably the most important reason for the high

Klejak ~s correlated the quantitative aspects of

fragrance sensitivity in the guinea pig. Utilizing

Volume 12
Number 1, Part 1
January, 1985

the open epicutaneous method, he presented the

dose of a flagrance required to induce and elicit
sensitization. In man, most fragrance allergy potential is documented with the maximization
method. 4 However, false-negative assays occur
with this method due to limitation of the site of the
test group. 19
The fragrance industry is constantly trying to
eliminate fragrance materials that cause adverse
reactions. The IFRA lists the chemicals they recommend not be used at all and provides a list of
approved chemicals with limits and concentrations
(Table V). If the fragrance industry follows these
recommendations, hopefully the incidence of
fragrance sensitivity, including photosensitivity,
will decrease.
The future

We will not learn about new fragrance allergens

unless we look for them by testing all cosmetic
and toiletry cases and determine the offending allergens. This is done most easily by testing the
final formulation, except when irritating, as with
shampoos. If the final formulation is positive, aU
the components, including the fragrance, should
be obtained and tested separately. If the fragrance
component is positive, further breakdown of the
fragrance to its individual components should be
done in order to discover new fragrance allergens.
Many fragrance allergies are occult, and thus
we should look for fragrance allergy in any
nonhealing, recurrent, or chronic dermatitis.
Prevention

Avoiding fragranced cosmetics and toiletries is

fairly straightforward if patients read the labels.
There are some cosmetic lines that are completely
fragrance-free, such as Almay. However, there
are no commercial sources of perfumes and colognes with fragrance ingredients on the labels.
Most individual companies will answer whether a
specific fragrance does or does not have a given
component.
Once fragrance sensitivity occurs, it may be
difficult to avoid fragrances. Since cosmetic labeling does not include fragrance component labeling, use tests must be done with the cosmetics and

Perfume dermatitis

perfumes. Most fragrance-sensitive patients can

safely apply perfume to their clothing or hair. Alternately, fragrance-free cosmetics can be used on
the skin.
ADDENDUM
Cinnamic aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde) 2% in petrolatum is a marginal irritant. Therefore, testing at 1%
in petrolatum may be more appropriate.
REFERENCES

1, Eiermann HJ, Larsen WG, Maibach HI, Taylor JS: Prospective study of cosmetic reactions; 1977-1980. J AM
ACAD DBRMATOL6:909-917, 1982.
2, Larsen WG: Allergic contact dermatitis to the perfume in
Myeolog cream. J AM ACAD DERMATOL 1:131-133,
1979.
3. Larsen WG: Perfume dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 113:
623-626, 1977.
4. Calnan CD, Cronin E, Rycroft R: Allergy to perfume
ingredients. Contact Dermatitis 6:500-501, 1980.
5. Thune P, Solberg Y, McFadden N: Perfume allergy due
to oak moss and other lichens. Contact Dermatitis
8:396-399, 1982.
6. Opdyke DL: Musk ambrette. Monographs of fragrance
raw materials. Food Cosmet Toxicol 13:875, 1975.
7. Raugi GH, Storrs FJ, Larsen WG: Photoallergic contact
dermatitis to men's perfumes. Contact Dermatitis 5:
251-260, 1979.
8. Kochever rE, Zalar GL, Einbinder J, Harber LC: Assay
of contact photosensitivity to musk ambrette in guinea
pigs. J Invest Dermatol 73:144-146, 1979.
9. Jackson RT, Nesbitt LT Jr, DeLeo VA: 6Methylcoumarin photocontaet dermatitis. J AM ACAD
DERMATOL2:124-127, 1980.
10. Eiermann HJ: Regulatory issues concerning AETT and
6-MC. Contact Dermatitis 6:120-122, 1980.
11. Kaidbey KH, Kligman AM: Identification of topical photosensitizing agents in humans. J Invest Dermatol
70:149-151, 1978.
12. Spencer PS, Sterman AB, Horoupian D: Neurotoxic
changes in rats exposed to the fragrance compound
acetyI ethyl tetramethyl tetralin. Neurotoxicology 1:
221-238, 1979.
13. Hjorth N: Eczematous allergy to balsams. Allied perfumes and flavoring agents with special reference to balsam of Peru, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 41(suppl
46):102, 1961.
14. Litt J: Unscented fragrance. J AM ACAD DERMATOL
2:525, 1980. (Current issues.)
15. Larsen WG: Response. I AM ACAD DRMATOL 2:526,
1980. (Current issues.)
16. Von Krogh G, Maibach HI: The contact urticaria syndrome, in Marzulli FN, Maibach HI, editors: Dermatotoxicology, ed. 2. New York 1983, Hemisphere
Publishing Co., pp. 301-322.
17. MeDaniel WR, Marks JG: Contact urticaria due to sensitivity to spray starch. Arch Dermatol 115:628, 1979.

Joutalal-of the
American Academy of
Dermatology

Larsen

18, Klejak W: Allergic contact dermatitis in the guinea pig,

in Marzulli FN, Maibach HI, editors: Dermatotoxicology, ed. 2. New York, 1983, Hemisphere Publishing
Co., pp. 193-236.
19. MarzulliF, Maibaeh HI: Contact allergy: Predictive test-

ing of fragrance ingredients in humans by draiz6 and

maximization methods. I Environ Pathol Toxicol 3:
235-245, 1980.
20. Fisher AA: Patch testing with perfume ingredients. Contact Dermatitis 1:166-168, 1975.

A p p e n d i x I. Perfume ingredients, patch test

A p p e n d i x I. Cont'd

concentrations, and vehicles*

Cosmetic ingredient

Acacia (gum arabic)

Acrylic monomer
Aldehyde C-10
Aldehyde C-11
Aldehyde C-12
Almond oil
Alpha amyl cinnamic aldehyde
Alpha methyl ionone
Alpha pinene
Alpha terpineol
Aluminum chlorhydroxide
p-anisaldehyde
Anise oil
Balm, oil of
Balsam of Peru
Balsam of Tolu
Bay, oil of
Bay rum
Benzildyene acetone
Benzoin
Benzoyl peroxide
Benzyl acetate
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl benzoate
Benzyl salicylate
Bergamot, oil of
Bitter almond, oil of
Blancophor
b-Butyl-hydroxyanisol
b-Butyl-hydroxytoluene
Butylated hydroxytoluene
Canaga oil
Carnation oil
Carophyllene
Cassie synthetique
Cedartone V
Cedarwood oil
Cetavlon
Cetyl alcohol

Concentration
and vehicle

as is
10% oo
10% DE
as is 10% DE
Laufic 10% DE
as is
1% pet
1% pet
1% pet
5% oo
10% aq sol
1% pet
25% co
1% pet
25% pet
1% alc
1% pet
as is
5% pet
10% ale
1% pet
as is
5% pet
5% pet
2% pet
.10% pet
10% oo
0.1% pet
5% pet
10% pet
10% DE
2% pet
10% aq sol
5% pet
10% DE
as is
10% oo
5% pet
30% pet

acet: Acetone;ale: alcohol;aq: aqueous;as is: undiluted;BA: benzyl

alcohol;BL: butyrolactone;co: castoroil;DE: detylextra (isopropyl

palmitate); oo: oliveoil; pet: petrolatum;sol: solution,
*Adapted fromFisher AA: ContactDermatitis1:166-168, 1975.

Cosmetic ingredient

Cinnarnates (2-ethoxyethyl-pmethoxy)
Cinnamic acid
Cinnamic alcohol
Cinnamic alcohol styrax type
Cinnamic aldehyde
Cinnamon oil
Cinnamyl alcohol
Cis-~-terpineol
Citracetal parento
Citral oil
Citric acid
Citron, oil of
Citronella, oil of
Citronellol
Citronellyl oxyacetaldehyde
Clove oil
Coniferyl benzoate
Coumarin
p-Cymene
8-Cadinene
Deltyl extra
Diethyl phthalate
3,7-Dimethyl-l-octanol
Dimethyl phthalate
Essential oils
Estradiol
Ethyl alcohol
Ethyl vanillin
Eucalyptus, oil of
Eugenol
Geraniol
Geranium oil
Ginger, oil of
Gum(s)
Gylan
Hamamelis virginiana
Hexyl cinnamic aldehyde
Hibitane diblue
4-Hydroxy azobenzene carboxylic
acid
Hydroxycitronellal

Concentration
and vehicle

1% pet
5% pet
5% pet
5% pet
1% pet
0.5 %
5% pet
25% in BL
10% DE
1% pet
1% aq sol
1% pet
1% pet
1% pet
1% pet
1% pet
i% pet
5% pet
1% pet
1% pet
5% pet
2% pet
2% pet
1% ale or 2%
pet
5% pet
as is
10% pet
1% pet
5% pet
2% pet
2% pet
1% pet
as is
as is
5% aq sol
2% pet
1% pet
2% pet
5% pet

continued

Volume 12
Number 1, Part 1
January, 1985

Perfume dermatitis

A p p e n d i x I. C o n t ' d

A p p e n d i x I. C o n t ' d
Cosmetic ingredient

a-Irisone
Isoamyl salicylate
Isobutyl salicylate
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropyl quinolone
Jamin oil
Jasmin 9140
Laurel oil
Lauryl alcohol
Lauryl gallate
Lauryl sulfate (ammonium)
Lavender, oil of
Lemon, oil of
Lemon grass, oil of
Limonene, oil of
Linalool, oil of
Linayl acetate
Mahogonate dragoco
Menthenyl acetate
Methoxycitronella
Methyl ionone -y-pure IFF
Methyl salicylate
Mint oil
Mirbane oil (nitrobenzene)
Musk ambrette
13-Myrcene
Myristyl alcohol
Neroli, oil of
Orange, oil of
Patchouli, oil of
Peppermint oil

Concentration
and vehicle

as is
5% pet
5% pet
10% ale or 2%
pet
as is
2% pet
as is
2% pet
5% pet
5% pet
5% pet
1% pet
1% pet
1% pet
1% pet
10% pet
1% pet
as is
as is
1% pet
as is
1% pet
1% pet
25% co
5% pet
1% pet
5% pet
10% oo
1% pet
1% pet
1% pet

Cosmetic ingredient

Perfumes
Petitgrain oil
Petitgrain rectified
[3-Phenyl ethyl acetate
[3-Phenyl alcohol
Phenylacetaldehyde
Pine off
Piperonal (methylionone)
Rhodamine
Rose, oil of
Rose oil Bulgaria
Rose 62 ter
Sandalwood oil
Sandela 10
Sassafras, oil of
Sesame oil
Spice, oil of
Styrax essence GD
Terpineol extra
Terpinolene
Tetra hydromuguol
Thioglycollate (calcium)
Thyme, oil of
Trans.Cinnamic aldehyde
Triethanolamine
Vanilla (alcoholic extract)
Versalide prime
Verbena, oil of
Vetivert rectified
Ylang-Ylang oil

Concentration
and vehicle

as is (open and
closed)
10% oo
as is
1% pet
1% pet
2% pet
pure
1% pet
5% pet
1% alc
2% pet
as is
2% pet
as is
1% pet
5% oo
5% pet
5% pet
25% in BL
1% pet
as is
5% aq sol
25% co
2% pet
5% pet
10% acet
10% pet
1% pet
as is
5% pet

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