Neodreeni integral

Definicija neodreenog integrala:

Ako su funkcije y f (x ) i y=F(x) tako da vrijedi:
F ( x) f ( x)

Tada je funkcija y=f(x) derivacija funkcije y=F(x), a za funkciju y=F(x) se kae da je

primitivna funkcija(antiderivacija) funkcije y=f(x).
Vrijedi takoer:
F ( x) C f ( x)
gdje je C proizvoljna konstanta. Skup svih primitivnih funkcija zove se neodreeni integral
funkcije y=f(x). To se zapisuje

f ( x)dx F ( x) C

Tablica osnovnih integrala:

x 1
C
za 1
1
za 1 imamo
1
-1
x dx x dx ln x C

dx

(1)

(2)

dx
1
x
arctan C
2
x
a
a

posebno za a 1

dx

dx
1
ax

ln
C
2
x
2a a x

posebno za a 1

1 x

dx
1
xa

ln
C
2
a
2a
xa

posebno za a 1

dx

1 x

arctan x C

dx

1 1 x
ln
C
2 1 x

(3)

dx
1
x 1
ln
C
1 2
x 1

(4)

dx
x a
dx

x a

dx
a x
2

ln x x 2 a 2 C za a 1
ln x

arcsin

x2 a2 C
x
C
a

za a 1

posebno za a 1

x2 1
dx

ln x x 2 1 C

x 1
2

dx
1 x

ln x x 2 1 C

arcsin x C

(5)
(6)
(7)

x
a dx

ax
C
ln a

posebno za a e

dx e x C

(8)

sin xdx cos x C

(9)

cos xdx sin x C

(10)
dx
cos 2 x tan x C
(11)
dx
sin 2 x cot x C
(12)

Osnovna pravila za integriranje

Integral zbroja:
(13)
Integral razlike:
(14)
Integral funkcije pomnoene
(15)
Integral diferencijala:
(16)
Diferencijal integrala:
(17)

( f ( x) g ( x))dx

f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx

( f ( x) g ( x))dx

f ( x ) dx g ( x) dx

konstantom:

C f ( x)dx C

d ( f ( x)) f ( x)dx

f ( x ) dx

f ( x) C

d f ( x )dx d ( F ( x) C ) F ( x)dx =f(x)

ZADACI
Zadaci su rijeeni postepeno tako da student moe pratiti kompletni postupak. Najlaki
zadaci su oznaeni s dvije zvijezdice (**), srednji s jednom (*) a sloeniji nemaju oznake
pored broja zadatka.

Elementarno integriranje

Sljedee zadatke rijei svodei na tabline integrale transformirajui podintegralnu funkciju i

koristei osnovna pravila za integriranje:
1.

**
5
x dx

2.

**

x
3.

2 x 3 dx x 2 dx 2 xdx 3dx x 2 dx 2 xdx 3 dx

x3
x2
2
3x C
3
2

**
1
2

4.

x6
C
6

x dx x dx

1
1
2

1
1
2

3
2

x
2 3
C
x C
3
3
2

**

1
3

x dx x x dx x

1
3

4
3

x3
x3
3
3
dx x dx
C
C 3 x7 C x 2 3 x C
4
7
7
7
1
3
3

5.

x x x dx x x x 2

6.

x 4

dx

x 8 dx

3
dx x x 2

7
1
8

1
2

1
2

dx x x 4

1
2

dx

15
8

x
x
8 8 15
C
C
x C
7
15
15
1
8
8

**

7.

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
x 31
x 2
1
3
dx

x
dx

C 2 C
3

x
3 1
2
2x

**
1

1
1

1
x 3
x3
3
3
dx

x
dx

C 3 x2 C
3 x

1
2
2
1
3
3

8.

**
3
2

3
1
2

1
2

dx
dx
dx
x
x
2

3 x dx
C
C
C
1
3
1
x
x
2
2

xx
x
2
2

x
9.

**

 2 x

2 3

dx 8 12 x 2 6 x 4 x 6 dx 8dx 12 x 2 dx 6 x 4 dx x 6 dx

8 dx 12 x 2 dx 6 x 4 dx x 6 dx 8 x 12
8x 4 x3

x3
x5 x7
6

C
3
5
7

6 5 x7
x
C
5
7

10.

x 3 x
2

4
4
4
4
4
2
3
4
dx x 2 34 33 x 32 x 3 x x dx
1
2
3
4
0

x 2 81 108 x 54 x 2 12 x 3 x 4 dx 81x 2 108 x 3 54 x 4 12 x 5 x 6 dx

81

11.

x3
x4
x5
x6 x7
54 5
x7
108
54
12

C 27 x 3 27 x 4
x 2x6
C
3
4
5
6
7
5
7

1
2

4
3

3
2

7
3

1
x
x
x
x 1
4
4
3

x
x

dx

x
dx

5
7 1
x2
5

2
3
5
x
2 3 33 7 1

x
x C
5 5
7
x

12.

5
1

14
x
x 2 x 1
x
1
12

dx 1 2 1 1 dx x 2 x x 4 dx
4
x
x4

x 4 x 4

5
4

14.

17
12

1
2

2
3

3
4

x
x
x
4
24
4
2

C 4 x 5 12 x17 4 x 3 C
5
17
3
5
17
3
4
12
4

13.

**

x2 2x 4
x3 2x 4
4
1

dx

dx x 2 dx xdx 2 dx 4
x
x
x
x
x

x2
2 x 4 ln x C
2

 x 1 2 dx

2
x2 2x 1
x2
x2 x2
2
2

dx

2
x

x
dx

C
1
x

5
3
1

2
x
2
2
2
2 5 4 3
4
2

x
x 2 x C x x2 x 2
5
3
5
3

15.

1
1 x 2

3
4

x x

16.

5
4

x2 2x 1
dx
x

*
x 4 x 4 2
dx

x3
1
ln x 4 C
4x

18.

x 1 2
x

dx

x 1
1
1

dx 1 dx dx dx x ln x C
x
x
x

x 2
x 2 x 2
x 4
1

dx x 5 dx ln x
C
3
3
x
x
4
x

**

19.

x4 x 4
4
4
dx

C 4 x7 4 C

7
1
7
x

4
4

17.

1 1
3

3 1
x x dx 1 x 2 x x 2 2 dx 1 x 2 x 2 2 dx 1 x 2 x 4 dx

x2 1
x2
x2 1 1
1
1

2
dx 1 2
dx

dx

2
dx x arctan x C
2
2

x 1
x 1
x 1

x 1 x 1

**
x2
1 x2 1
1
1 1 x

dx

2
1 x
1 x 2 dx 1 1 x 2 dx x 2 ln 1 x C
koristili smo tablicni integral (3)

20.

**

21.

x2 1

x2 2
x2 1 1
1
1
2
dx 1 2
dx

dx

2
dx x arctan x C
2
2

x 1
x 1
x 1

x 1 x 1

**

x2 1

x2 3
x2 1 4
4
4
4 1 x
2
dx 1 2
dx

dx

2
dx x ln
C
2
2

x 1
x 1
x 1
2 1 x

x 1 x 1

x 2 ln

22.

1 x
x 1
C x 2 ln
C
1 x
x 1

1
1
a
1
axx
dx
dx
dx
2
x
a a x ( a x)
a a x (a x)

1
ax
x
1 1
a xa

dx
dx

a a x ( a x) a x ( a x)
a a x a x (a x)

1 1
ax
1
1 1
1
a

dx

a a x a x ( a x) a x ( a x)
a a x a x
a x2

1
a

d a x d a x a

dx

a
1
a
1
dx ln a x ln a x 2
dx
x2
a
a
a

x2

1 ax
1
ln

dx
a a x a2 x2
ako usporedimo poetak i kraj :
1
1 ax
1
a 2 x 2 dx a ln a x a 2 x 2 dx
1
1 ax
1
1
ax
2 2
dx ln
dx
ln
C
2
2
2

a x
a ax
a x
2a a x

23.

24.

1 x2 1 x2

dx

x2
2 arctan x C
2

*
1 x2 1 x2
1 x4
1

1 x

dx

dx
1
1 x

1 x2 1 x2

1 x2

1 x2 1 x2

1 x2

dx

1 x 2 1 x 2

dx arcsin x ln x 1 x 2 C

**

3
26.

x x2 1
x3 x 2
x x2 1 2
2
1

dx

dx

2 dx xdx 2 2 dx
2
2
2

x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1

25.

4 x dx 3 x dx 4 x dx

3x
4x

C
ln 3 ln 4

**

x x
5 3 dx

27.

5

3

5x
5
dx dx
C
x
5
3
3
ln
3

5 x dx 2 2 x 2 2 x 5 x 52 x dx 4 x 2 10 x 25 x dx

4 x dx 2 10 x dx 25 x dx

4x
10 x
25 x
2

C
ln 4
ln 10 ln 25

28.
2 x 1 5 x 1
2 x 1 5 x 1
2 x1
5 x 1
2
51
dx

dx

dx

dx

dx

10 x
2 x5x
2 x5x
2 x5 x
5x
2 x dx
x

1

5

1

1 1
1 2
2 5 x
2x
1
2 dx dx 2

C
1
5 2
5 ln 1
ln 5
5 ln 2
5
ln
5
2
x

29.

e x 1 e2 x e x 1dx e2 x e x 1dx e2 x dx e x dx dx
e3 x 1
dx

ex 1

ex 1

2 x

e2x
e xC
ex x C
2
ln e
2

30.

**
x
2 x 3 sin x cos x dx 2 xdx 3 sin xdx cos xdx 2

3 cos x sin x C

x 2 3 cos x sin x C

31.

32.

1 sin 2 x dx

sin 2 x cos 2 x 2 sin x cos x dx

cos x sin x dx sin x cos x C

sin x cos x

dx

**
2
tan xdx

33.

sin 2 x
1 cos 2 x
1
cos 2 x
dx

dx

dx

cos 2x
cos 2x
cos 2x dx tan x dx tan x x C
cos 2 x

**
2
cot xdx

cos 2 x
1 sin 2 x
1
sin 2 x
dx

dx

dx

sin 2 x
sin 2 x
sin 2 x dx cot x dx cot x x C
sin 2 x

34.

*
1 cos 2 x
1 cos 2 x sin 2 x
2 sin 2 x
1 cos 2 x
dx

dx

dx

1 cos 2 x
1 cos 2 x sin 2 x 2 cos 2 x cos 2 x dx
1

dx dx tan x x C
cos 2 x

Metoda supstitucije I
Ako je integral oblika

f ( ax b) dx

rjeava se uvoenjem nove varijable(supstitucijom):

ax+b=t
otuda deriviranjam(difrenciranjem) dobijemo
a dx dt odnosno

35.

dx

1
dt
a

**

52x /dt

3
2 1 1 2 1 t 52x
52x dx 2dxdt t 2 dt 2t dt 32 C 6 C
1
dx dt
2
2

36.

**

xdx t/2 d dt 3 t2 1 1
t d C C C
3 3 2 2
x2 dxdt t 2 2t x22
37.

**

2x 3 t/d 1 3 3 3
1 1 2 1 t 2 t 2 x 3
2x3dx2dxdt t2dt2t dt23C 3 C 3 C
1
dx dt 2
2

38.

**

1 x t / d 1 4 3 4 3 4
3 3 1x
t
3 3 3 3t
1 xd dx dt tdtd 4 C 3 C 3 C
dxdt
3
39.

**

2 x t/5 d 1dt 1 1
dx 5 1 2 1t2 2 2
25x 5dx dt t 5t dt51C5 tC5 2 5x C
1
dx dt 2
5
40.

x t/25 d 1 5 3
dx 5 1 2 1t 2 2 2
55dxdt 5dt5t dt5 3C15t3C5x251 3C
x25 2 1 t2
dx dt 2
5
41.

1 x t / d

1 2 x x 5 1 x 1 3
5dx dx dt

d
x

d
x

d
x

x
5
1 x 1 x 5 1 x 3
dx dt
5

2
3
5
5

52

t 5 t 5 1 x
t dt C C C
2 2 2
5
42.

5 2

10

2x 5 t / d
x
2x 5 dx dx 1 dt
2

2dx dt t 5
1 1

dt t 5 1 2 2
2
t 5 1 dt t 5t dt
x t 2 2 4
4t
2

3 1
1 t 2 t 2 t3 5 2x 53 5
5 C t C 2x 5 C
4 3 1 6 2 6 2

2 2
43.
3
x x 2dx x 2 t / d
7

dx dt

1
1
4

x t 2 t 2 t 3 dt t 3 2t 3 dt

33 x 2
33 x 2
t3
t3
33 t 7 33 t 4

2
C

C
7
4
7
2
7
2
3
3
7

44.

11

1 2x t / d 2dx dt 1 t 5 1 t 10
x5
1 2
1 2
dx

dt

5 1 2x dx 1 dt x 1 t 2 5 t 2 1 dt
t5
2
2
1 11 t 1
1 dt 11t
4 5 4
t

1 t t 55 5 4 5 5 9
t dt 11 C t t C
4 4 9 16 36
5 5

1 4

5 5

4 9
5 5

55 5 4 5 5 9
1 2 x 1 2 x C
16
36
45.

2
x2 1 x 5 t dx dt t 5 1 t2 10t 24
4 x 5 dx x t 5 4 t dt 1 dt
t4

11
4

7
4

3
4

t t t 4 40
t 10t 24t dt 10 24 C 4 t11 4 t7 324 t3 C

11 7 3 11 7

4 4 4
4 4 11 40 4 7 4 3
x 5 x 5 32 x 5 C
11 7
46.

7
4

3
4

12

1
1
x 1 x 2
x 1 x 2
dx

dx

x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2 dx
x 1 t x 2 u
x 1 x 2 dx x 1dx x 2dx

dx dt dx du

1
2

1
2

3
2

3
2

t u
2 3 2 3 2
3 2
3
t dt u dt C t u C x 1 x 2 C
3 3
3 3
3
3
2 2
47.

x2 x 53 x3 5 1 x 3 t
d x dx dxdx5 dx x
x3 x3 x3 x3 x3 dxdt
x 5ln xCt 5lnx 3 C
48.

13

2x 3 2x 2 1 2 x 1 1 1
1
1 x dx x 1 dx x 1 dx 2 x 1 dx 2 dx x 1 dx
x 1 t

1
2x
2x dt 2x ln t c 2x ln x 1 C
dx dt
t
49.

**

sada imamo tablicni

dx dx 1 dx
2x2 1 2 1 2 2 1 integral (2) uz a 1
2 x x
2
2
2

11 x 2
arctan C arctan x 2 C
21 1 2
2 2
50.

**

dx imamotablicni 1 x

a
r
c
t
a
n

C
x29 integral (2)uz a3 3 3
51.

**

14

dx imamotablicni 1 x
arctan C
2
x 3 integral(2)uz a 3 3 3
52.

**

sada imamo tablicni

dx
dx 1 dx

2 3x2 2 2 3 2 2 integral (2) uz a 2

3 x x
3
3 3
11 x 1
2
arctan C arctan x C
32 2 x
3
3 3
53.

sada imamo tablicni

dx
dx 1 dx

2 3x2 2 2 3 2 2 integral (3) uz a 2

3 x x
3
3 3
2
x
1 1 3
1 2x 3
ln
C ln
C
3 2 2
2 6 2x 3
2
x
3 3
54.

**

15

1 imamotablicni 2
d x lnx x 4 C
2 integral (4) za 2a
x 4
55.

**

1 imamotablicni 2
d x lnx x 7 C
2 integral (5) za 7a
x 7
56.

dx

3x 2
2

dx
2
3 x2
3

imamo tablicni

dx

1 dx

2 3 2 2 integral (6) za a
3 x2
x
3
3
3

1
1 x 3 3x 2 2
1
2 2
ln x x C ln
C ln x 3 3x2 2 ln 3 C
3
3
3
3
3

1
ln 3
1
ln x 3 3x2 2 C ln x 3 3x 2 2 C
3
3
3
57.

**

16

dx imamotablicni x

a
r
c
s
i
n

C
5x2 integral(7)za 5 5
58.

dx

1 dx
3 4x2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 integral (7) za a 3
4 x 2 x x
2
4 4 4
1 x 1 2x
arcsin C arcsin C
2 3 2 3
2
59.

dx

dx

imamo tablicni

dx

2 3x

dx
2
3 x2
3

dx 1

2
3
3 x2
3

1
x
1
arcsin C arcsin x
3
2
3
3

imamo tablicni

dx

2
2 2 integral (7) za a
x
3
3

3
C
2

17

60.

**

5
x
2

dx -

5
5
2
2
2
2 x
2
x t , - dx dt , dx - dt e t - dt e t dt C e t C e 2 C
2
2
5
5
5
5
5

61.

-xt ,-dx t ,d

1
e e dxe dxe dx -2xu,-2dxdu,dx- du
dx-dt
2
x 2 x x 2 x

1 1 1
e dt e du e e C e e C
2 2 2
t u t u x 2 x

62.

**

axt/d

1 1 cosax
sinaxd dx1dtasintd acos Ct a xC
a
63.

**

ax /dt

1 1 sinax
cosaxdxdx1dtacostd asintC a xC
a
64.

**

18

2
2
3
3
3
3
3
2

sin
xdx

t
,
dx

dt

sin
t

dt

sin
tdt

cos
t

cos
xC
3
2 2
3
2
2
2
3
65.

*
1

sin 5 x sin 5 dx sin 5 xdx sin 5dx 5x t , dx 5 dt

1
1
1
sin tdt x sin 5 C cos t x sin 5 C cos 5 x x sin 5 C

5
5
5

66.

**
1

sin 2 x 3 dx 2x 3 t , 2dx dt , dx 2 dt
67.

dx

dx

sin 2 2 x
4

1
dt
1
1
tan t C tan 3 x 2 C
2

3 cos t 3
3

2x

1
1 dt
1
1

t , 2dx dt , dx dt
cot t C cot 2 x C
2
4
2
2 sin t
2
2
4

*
dx

1 cos x
71.

1
1
1
cos tdt sin t C sin 1 3 x C

3
3
3

**

70.

**

cos 3x 2 3x 2 t , 3dx dt , dx 3 dt
69.

1
1
1
sin tdt cos t C cos 2 x 3 C

2
2
2

**

cos1 3x dx 1 - 3x t , - 3dx dt , dx 3 dt
68.

sin 5 dx

dx
x
2 cos 2
2

x
1
1 2dt
x
t , dx dt , dx 2dt
tan t C tan C
2
2
2
2 cos t
2

x
1
1 2dt
x
t , dx dt , dx 2dt
. cot t C cot C
2
2
2
2 sin t
2

*
dx

1 cos x

dx
2 sin 2

x
2

72.

19

dx

1 sin x

dx

dt
dx
x t , dx -dt

kao u zadataku 6
t
2
1 cos t

2 cos 2
1 cos
x
2
2

x
C tan
tan C tan 2
C
2
2
4
2

Metoda supstitucije II
Ako je integral oblika

f x x dx
integral se rjeava uvoenjem nove varijable(supstitucijom):
x t

otuda deriviranjam(difrenciranjem) dobijemo

x dx dt

73.

**
2
2
x x 13 dx x - 13 t , 2xdx dt , xdx
23

74.

13
48

24

**

x x x 9 t 7 t x x x9
3x 2x1x x x9 dx 2 tdt8C 8 C
3x 2x1dxdt
2 32 7

75.

1
1
1 t 24
1
dt t 23 dt t 23 dt
C
2
2
2 24
2

32

8 32 8

**

20

23 2 tx

x d 1 dt 1 1 2
23 x24xd dt 4t 4ln Ct 4ln 23 x C
1
xd dt
4
76.

**

1 2 tx 1
x d 1 dt 1 2 1 t 1 1
1x222xd dt 2 t22 t dt 12 C 2t C21x2 C
1
x d dt
2

77.

**

x3 9 t

1 1 1 t 2 t 2 x 9
x x 9dx3xdxdt 3 td 3t dt 3 3C 9 C 9 C
1
x 2 dx dt 2
3
23 2

78.

1
2

3
2

3 33

21

1 x2 t 2xdx dt 1 4 1
1 3 133
33 2 23 2
x 1x dxx 1x xdxxdx1dt x2 t1 2t1t dt 2 t t dt
2
7 4
1 t3 t3 3 3 7 3 3 4 3 3 2 7 3 3 2 4
C t t C 1 x 1 x C
2 7 4 14 14 14 14
3 3
79.

**

1
1 x t
1 2

xdx
1 dt 1 2 1 t
2
1 x2 2xdx dt 2 t 2 t dt 2 1 C t C 1 x C
1
2
xdx dt
2
2

80.

**

2x3dx x 3x10t dtln Ct lnx23x10C

x23x10 2x3dxdt t
2

22

81.

x3dx

x2 6x 5 t
2x6dxdt

1 dt 1 1 2
x 2 6 x 5 2 x 3 d x d t 2 t 2 ln t C 2 ln x 6 x 5 C
x3dx dt
2
82.

x2 2x 9 t
x1dx 2x2dxdt 1 dt 1 1 1t12
2
2

t
d
t

x
x22x9 2x1dxdt 2 t 2 2 1 2x9C
dt 2
x1dx
2
83.

23

1 x 2 t 3 1
xd 1 dt 1 2 1 t 2 1 1
1x2 1x22xd dt 2 1 2t dt 2 1C tC 1x2C
1 t 2
xd dt 2
2
84.

x3 9x t

3x 9dxdt 1 1t 5 5
x 3 x 9xdx 3x 3dxdt 3t dt3 6 C 18 t C18 x 9x C
x 3dx13dt 5
6
1 5
5

2 53

56

53 6

85.

8x327t

2
3

1
3

x 2 1 dt 1 1 t 13 13 3
3 2dx24xdxdt 24 224t dt241 C 8 Ct 8 8x 27C
8x 273 2 1 t3
x dx dt 3
24

86.

24

x t ima otablicn 2
x 1 dt 1 t 1 x
d 4 x2xd t 2integral(2) arctn C arctn C
5 x 2 5 t 2 5 5 2 5 5
1 za 5a
xd dt
2
2

87.

x t ima otblicn
3
4
x 3 1 dt 1 t 2 1 x 2
dx4xd t integral(4) ln C ln 4 C
8 2
x2 t 24 8 2 t 2 8 2 x 2
3 1 za 2a
xd dt
4
4

88.

25

1
1
1
1 2
1 2
1 2
x2 1 x2 1 x2
x dx
x dx
x dx
dx

dx

x4 1 x4 1 x2 2 1 2 1 1 2
x 2 2 x 2 2 2 x
x
x
x

1
1
x t/d
x

x
dt tablicni integral (2) 1
t
1

2
arctan C arctan x C
2 t za a 2
1
2
2
2
2
1 2 dx
x
1
x2 1
arctan C
2
x2
89.

**

x2 t

1 t 1 t 1 x2
xe dx 2xdxdt 2edt 2e C 2e C
1
xdx dt
2
x2

90.

**

26

1
t/d 1
ex ttx
dx edt Ce e C
2
x1
2dxdt
x
1
x

91.

**

edx e t/2 d t x
x x lnt neC 2l C
e 2 e dx dt t
xx

92.

**

e 1 e xt/d dt x
d x x x lnt lneC x C
xe e 1dx d t
x x

93.

27

dx e dx e t/d dt x
x x 2x dx x 2 arctan Ct arctane C
ee e 1 e dxdt t 1
x x

94.

**

1
x x 12

2 x
xx

edx e t/1 d dt t
e 1edxdt t t dt 1 C 2 e1 C
2
95.

28

2 x3x
2 x3x
9 x 4 x dx 32x 22x dx

2 x3x

22x

2x

3
1
2

dx

3

2

3
t/d
2

3 x
1
2

3 3
dx ln dx dt
2 2
x

dt
3
dx
3
2
ln
2

dt

ln
1 dt
1 1 t 1
1
2
2 2 tablicni integral(4) ln C
ln
3 2 t 1
3
t 1 ln 3 t 1
ln
2 ln
2
2
2

3
1
2
C
x
3
1
2

3x 2 x
C
3 3x 2 x
2 ln
2
1

ln

96.

1 e2 x t / d
1
dx 1
2x
2e2 x dx dt
1 e
2x
2 1 e

e2x t 2 - 1
1
dt
dx 2
1 e2x t 1

dt 1 t 1 1 1 e2 x 1 1 1 e2 x 1 1 e2 x 1
2 ln C ln
C ln

C
t 1 2 t 1 2 1 e2 x 1 2 1 e2 x 1 1 e2 x 1
1 1 e2 x 2 1 e2 x 1 1 2 x
ln
C ln e 2 1 e2 x 2 ln e2 x C
2x

2
1 e 1
2
1
ln e2 x 2 1 e2 x 2 x C
2
97.

29

x
2

1
2
e t/d e 2 dx dt dx dt
2
t dt dt
dx
2 2 2 2
x x x x 2 2
t t t t 1 t
e2 e e e2 t

1 t t 1 t t 1 1 1 t t
2 2 dt 2 2 2 dt 2 2 dt 2 t2 dt
t 1 t t 1 t t 1 t t t1 t t1 t

2 1 t t 2 1 1 t 1
2 t dt 2 t dt 2 ln t ln t 1 C
t1 t t1 t t 1 t 1

x x x x
1
2 x ln e 2 ln e 2 1 C 2e 2 x 2 ln e2 1 C
2

98.

**

ln x t 2 2
ln x 1 t ln x
x dxlnxxdx1dxdt td 2 C 2 C
x
99.

**

30

ln tx 4 4
ln x 3 t ln x
d x 1 t d C C
x dx dt 4 4
x
3

100. **

lnxt 4
1 1 5 t 1 1
ln5xx dx1dxdt t5dt t d4C 4t4 C4ln4xC
x
101.

1 x 2
ln t /d 2 dx dt 2
1 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 1 t 1 2 1 x
1x2 ln1xdx 1 1 2tdt 2 2 C 4ln 1xC
dx dt
2
1 x 2
102. *

31

ln tx ln ut
1 1 1
d
x

d
t

d
u

l
n
Cu

l
n
Ct

1
1
lnxx ln x dxdt lntt dtdu u
x t
ln lnx C
103.

2
ln
x

x
t/d
ln x 1 x2
ln x 1 x2
dx
dx 1

2
2
1 x
dt
1 x
2
1 x dx
1
2

3
2

3
t 2 3 2
2
t dt t dt C t C ln x 1 x C
3 3
3
2
104. **

32

1
t
11 x 1
sin xx 2dx 1 sintd cos Ct cosxC
2 dx dt
x
105. **

s5 inxt/d 5 t sin x
s in xcosxd t dt C C
cosxd dt 6 6
6 6

106. *

sin x t / d
sin x cos xdx sin xcos xcos xdx sin x 1 sin x cos xdx cos xdx dt
3

4 6
4
6
t
t
si
n
x
si
n
x
3 2
3 5
t 1 t dt t t dt C C
4 6 4 6
107. **

33

sinx cosxt/d 1
tanxd dx dt lnt ClncosxC
cosx sinxd dt t
108. **

cosx sinxt/d 1
c otxd dx dtlnt C lnsi Cx
sinx cosdxdt t
109. *

sin x t / d
cos x sin xdx cos x sin x cos xdx 1 sin x sin x cos xdx cos xdx dt
5

2 2

t5 t7 t9
1 t t dt 1 2t t t dt t 2t t dt 2 C
5 7 9
1 5 2 7 1 9
sin x sin x sin x C
5 7
9
2
2 4

4 4

110. **

34

osx1c sinx t/d 1

d x dtlntClnsi x C
sinx osx 1c dx t td
111. *

sin x 3 t/d
2

in2s x 1 2
dx 2sinxcosxdxdt dtln Ct lnsin x 3 C
2
sin x3 t
in2s xd dt
112. *

2
s
i
n
x

t
/
d
cos x cos x cos x 1 sin x cos x
1 t
sin x dx sin x dx sin x dx cosdx dt t dt
3

1 t2
sin2 x
t dt ln t C ln sin x C
2
t 2
113.

35

cot x t /d
dx dx dx

1
sin2 x5cos2 x 2 cos2 x sin2 x15cot2 x dt
2
sin x 15 2
sin x
sin x
1 tablicni ntegral(2) 1 t 1 cot x
2 dt arctan C arctan C
15t za a 5 5 5 5 5

114.

sin x cos x
sin x cos xdx
sin xdx
1
sin x
dx

sin 4 x cos4 x 4 cos4 x cos3 x tan 4 x 1 tan 4 x 1 cos3 x dx

cos x 4 1
sin x
1
tan 2 x t / d 2 tan x 2 dx dt
1 1
1
1
cos x

2 dt arctan t C arctan tan 2 x C

2 sin x
sin x
1
2 t 1 2
2
dx

dt
dx

dt
cos3 x
cos3 x
2

115. **

36

1
1
2
2

sinxd 2cosxt/d d t
2cosxsinxddt tt dt 1 C 2t C 2 cosxC
2
116. **

1
2
3
3 3 3

cosxd sinxt/d dt t
3sin2xcosxddt3t2t dt 1 C 3t C 3sinxC
3
117. **

1
3
2
2

sinx cosxt/d dt t 2 2
cos3xdxsinxd dt t3 t dt 1 C t C cosxC

2
118. **

37

tanxt/d

3
12
2 3 3

tanx t 2 2
cos2xdx 1 dxdt td td 3 C 3 Ct 3 tanxC
2
cos x 2
119. *

cot tx 1 34
dx 1 4 t 44 3
sin2x4cotx 1 dxdt4tdtt dt3C3 cot xC
si n 2 x 4
120.

cos x
5

sin x dx cos 4 x sin x cos xdx 1 sin 2 x sin x cos xdx

1
1
12 52 92
sin x t / d
2 2 2
2
4 2

1 t t dt 1 2t t t dt t 2t t dt
cos xdx dt

3
2

7
2

11
2

t
t t
2
4
2
2
4
2
2 C t 3 t 7 t11 C sin 3 x sin 7 x sin11 x C
3 7 11
3
7
11
3
7
11
2 2 2
121. **

38

dx

arcsinx /dt

dt
1x2arcsinx 1 dxdt t lnt ClnarcsinxC
2
1 x
122. **

arctanx /dt

dx dt
1x2 arctanx 1 dxdt t lntClnarctanxC
2
1 x

123. *

arctan /dtx

arctan x 3 t arctanx
1 x 2 dx 1 dx dt t d t 4 C 4 C
1 x2
3

124.

39

x /dt dx dt
arctan x 1 2 x arctant
x 1 x dx 1 2 2 1 t 2 d t
dx 2 dt x t
x
arctant u 2
u 2 2 2
1 2udu 2 C u C arctant C arctan x C
dt du 2
2
1 t

125. *

arcsin /dtx

dt t 4 1 1
1x2arcsin5x 1 dxdtt5 4C4t4C4arcsin4xC
2
1 x
dx

126.

40

dx

x x 1
2

dx

dx

1 2 1 2
x x 1 2 x 1
x
x

dx

1
t/d
x

1
2 dx dt
x

1
tablicni integral (5) ln t 1 t C ln
x
1 t2
2

1
1 C
x

1 x2 1
ln
C
x
127.

dx

x x 1
2

dx

dx

1 2 1 2
x x 1 2 x 1
x
x

1
t/d
x

1
2 dx dt
x

dx

1
tablicni integral (7) arcsin t C arcsin C
x
1 t2
128. *

41

x 2x x
sin cos
1 2 2 t sin2 t cos2 t sin t cost
sin xdx x x dx 2 sint cost dx cost sint dt
2sin cos dx 2dt
2 2
tant cottdt koristimo prijasnje zadatke lncost lnsint C
2

sin t
x
ln C ln tan t C ln tan C
cos t
2
129.

1 1 xt/d 1 koristmo t
cosxdx dx 2 sintdt prethodnizad tak lntan2C
s in x d x d t
2

x
2lntan Clntan x C
2 4 2
U sljedeim zadacima treba primijeniti elementarne transformacije podintegralne funkcije
u kombinaciji s metodom supstitucije

42

130. *

x3t /d

x
t 1 t3 3t2 3t 1 2 1
x 3 dx dx dt t t dt t 3t 3 t dt
x t 1
3

t t
x 3 3 x 3
3 3t ln t C 3 x 3 ln x 3 C
3 2
3 2
3 2

drugi nacin
x3
x 3 3 x 2 3 x 2 9 x 9 x 27 27
dx

dx
x3

x3
x 2 x 3 3 x x 3 9( x 3) 27

dx
x3
27
x3 3 2

x 2 3x 9
x 9 x 27 ln x 3 C
dx
x 3
3 2

131. *

43

 2 x 2 dx

2 x

4 4x x2 4 4x x2 2 2 2 x2 4x 6
2 x2 dx 2 x2 dx 2 x2 dx

2 x 2 t / d tablicni
x
dx
dx 4 2 6 2 x 4
1 6 integral (2)
2 x 2 x
xdx dt
2 za a 2
dt 6 2 x
2x
2 3
x 2 ln
x 2 ln 2 x ln
C
t 2 2 2x
2 2x

132.
1 x
x3
3
dx
dx
dx
x 1 x 3
x 1 x 3
x 1 x 3
1
1
1
1

dx
dx 3
dx ln x 3 ln x 1 C 3
dx
x 1 x 3
x 1 x 3
x3
x 1
ako izjednacimo pocetak racuna s krajem slijedi :
dx

1 x x 3 3

x 1 x 3 x 1 x 3

dx

x 1

dx

x 1 x 3 ln x 3 C 3 x 1 x 3 dx
4

x 1 x 3

dx ln

x 1
C
x3

dx

x 1

x 1 x 3 4 ln x 3 C

44

133.
xdx

x22

x2

dx

x 2 x 3 x 2 x 3 dx x 2 x 3 dx 2 x 2 x 3
1
2
x 3 x
2
x3
2
x
dx
dx ln x 3
dx
dx
x 3
3 x 2 x 3
3 x 2 x 3
3 x 2 x 3
2
1
2
x
2
2
x
ln x 3
dx
dx ln x 3 ln x 2
dx
3 x 2
3 x 2 x 3
3
3 x 2 x 3
ako izjednacimo pocetak racuna s krajem slijedi :
1
dx
2
ln x 3 ln x 2 C / 3

3 x 1 x 3
3

x 3
dx
3
2
x 1 x 3 3 ln x 3 2 ln x 2 C ln x 3 ln x 2 C ln x 2 2 C
3

134. **

t
/
d
2
2

x
1 t 1 2t t 2 100 99 98
1 x100 dx dx dt t100 dx t100 dx t dt 2t dt t dt
x 1 t
t99 2t 98 t 97 1 1 1
C 99 98 97 C
99 98 97 991 x 491 x 971 x

135.

45

x2 t / d
x
1
dt
t 1 t
x4 3x2 2 dx xdx dt t 2 3t 2 dx t 1t 2 t 1t 2 dt
t 1
t
1
t 22
dt
dt dt
dt
t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 2 t 1 t 2
t2
dt
dt
dt
ln t 2
dt 2
ln t 2 2

t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2
t 1 t 1 t 2

dt
t2
dt
ln 2
t 1 t 2 t 1 t 1 t 2
ako izjednacimo pocetak racuna nakon supstitucijes krajem , slijedi :
ln t 2 ln t 1 2

1
t2
2
dx ln C
t 3t 2
t 1

1
t 1
t 2 3t 2 dx ln t 2 C

x
x2 1
x4 3x2 2 dx ln x2 2 C

136. **

dx 1 e e 1 e e e 1 e t

dx

1ex 1ex 1ex 1ex dx dx 1ex dx x exdx dt

x x

x x

dt
x
x x ln t C x ln1 e C
t
137. **

46

1 e dx 1 2e e dx 1 e dx 2 e dx dx 2e t / d
x2

x 2x

2x

2x

2x

2x

1 e 1 e 1 e 1 e
2x

e dx dt
x

1
x
x 2 2 dt x 2 arctan t C x 2 arctan e C
1 t
138. **

sin

xdx

1 cos 2 x
1
1
1
1
dx dx cos 2 xdx x sin 2 x C
2
2
2
2
4

xdx

1 cos 2 x
1 1
1
1
dx cos 2 xdx x sin 2 x C
2
2 2
2
4

139. **

cos

140. **

koristimo formulu
1 1
cosxsin3xdx sinxcosy 1sinx ysinx y 2sin2xdx2sin4xdx
2
1 1
cos2x cos4x C
4 8
141. **

47

koristimo formulu

1 1
sin3xsin5xdx sinxsiny 1cosx ycosx y 2cos2xdx2cos8xdx
2
1 1 1 1
cos2xdx cos8xdx sin2x sin8x C
2 2 4 16
142. **

koristimo formulu
1 1
cos3xcos4xdx cosxcosy 1cosxycosx y 2cosxdx2cos7xdx
2
1 1 1 1
cosxdx cos7xdx sin x sin7xC
2 2 2 14
143. *

48

koristimo formulu

xx
1 5x 1 7 x
sin2cos12dx sinxcosy 1sinxysinx y 2sin12dx2sin12dx
2
6 5x 6 7 x
cos cos C
5 12 7 12
144. *

koristimo formulu
xx
1 x 1 5x
cos2cos3dx cosxcosy 1cosxycosx y 2cos6dx2cos 6 dx
2
x 3 5x
3sin sin sin7x C
65 6
145. *

49

koristimo formul
1 1
sinxsinxdxsinxsiny1cosxycosxy2cosdx2cos2xdx
2
2x /dt
1 1 11 11
cosdx 1 cos costd C cos sin2xC
2 2 xdx dt 2 4 2 4
2
146.

50

koristimo formulu

sin 2x 6 cos 3x 4 sin3xdx sin xcos y 1sinx y sinx y
2

5 5x u / d
1 5 1 1 x t / d 1 12
sin x dx sin 5x dx 12
2 12 2 12 2
2 1
dx dt dx du
5
1 1 1 1 5 1
sin tdt sinudu cost cosu C cos x cos 5x C
2 10 2 10 12 10 12
1 1
cos2x cos4x C
4 8
147. *
1

sin x sin 2 x sin 3xdx 2 cos x co3x sin 3xdx 2 sin 3x cos x sin 3x cos 3x dx

1
sin 2 x sin 4 x sin 0 sin 6 x dx cos 2 x cos 4 x cos 6 x C

4
8
16
24

148. *

51

cos x t / d

sin xdx sin xsinxdx 1cos xsinxdx sinxdx dt

3

3
3
t
c
o
s
x
2
1t dt t C cos x C
3 3
149. *

sin x t / d

cos xdx cos xcosxdx 1sin xcosxdx cosxdx dt

3

3
3
t
s
i
n
x
2
1 t dt t C sin x C
3 3

150. *

52

4
sin xdx

1 cos 2 x 2 dx 1

1 2 cos 2 x cos
4

2 x dx

1
1 cos 4 x
1 2 cos 2 x
dx

4
2

1
2 4 cos 2 x 1 cos 4 x dx 1 3 4 cos 2 x cos 4 x dx
8
8
1
1
sin 2 x sin 4 x
3 dx 4 cos 2 xdx cos 4 xdx 3 x 4

C
8
8
2
4
3
1
1
x sin 2 x
sin 4 x C
8
4
32

151. *
4
cos xdx

1 cos 2 x 2 dx 1

1 2 cos 2 x cos
4

2 x dx

1
1 cos 4 x
1 2 cos 2 x
dx

4
2

1
2 4 cos 2 x 1 cos 4 x dx 1 3 4 cos 2 x cos 4 x dx

8
8
1
1
sin 2 x sin 4 x
3 dx 4 cos 2 xdx cos 4 xdx 3 x 4

C
8
8
2
4
3
1
1
x sin 2 x
sin 4 x C
8
4
32

152.

2x t / dt

1 4
1
sin xcos xdx sin xcos x dx 2 sin 2x dx dx 1 dt 32 sin t
2
13 1 1 3 1 1
t sin 2t sin 4t C x sin 4x sin 8x
32 8 4 32 128 128 1024
4

153.

53

3
2
2
si
n
x
si
n
x
si
n
x
1

cos
x cos x t / d
3
tan xdx cos3 x dx cos3 x dx cos3 x sin xdx sin xdx dt
2

1 t 3 1 t
1
3 dt t dt ln t C 2 ln cos x C
t t 2 2sin x
2

154.

cos xcosx sinxt/d 2 1t

os2c xcot xd 21 sin x sin3x cosxd dt 21 t t3 dt
3

31 t 2t 3 1 1 2 1 2
3 dt t 3 2t dt 2 3ln tt C 2 3lnsinx sin Cx
t t 2t 2sin x
24

155. *

54

2x t / d

dx 1
1
sin2 xcos2 x 1 2 dx 4dx 1 dt 8 sin2t dt 2cot C 2cot2xC
sin 2x 2
4
drugi nacin
dx sin2 x cos2 x 1 1
sin2 xcos2 x sin2 xcos2 x dx cos2 x dx sin2 x dx tan x cot x C
to se elementarno provjeri da je jednako
Metoda parcijalne integracije
Kod nekih integrala moe se koristiti formula za parcijalnu integraciju:

udv uv vdu
(18)

156. **

1
u lnx du dx 1
l nxdx x xlnxx dx xlnxdx xlnxxC
x
dv dx v dx x
157. **

55

1
u lnx du dx 2 2 2 2
x x x 1 x 1 x 12
xlnxdx x2 2 lnx 2 xdx 2 lnx2xdx 2 lnx4x C
dv xdx v xdx
2
158. *

2 ln x
u ln x du dx 2
2 2
x
2
l
n
x
x
x2
x
2
2
ln x dx ln x x ln xdx
xln xdx
2
x 2 x2 2
dv xdx v xdx
2
2

x2 2 x2 1 2 x2 2 x2 1 2
prema prijasnjem zadatku ln x ln x x C ln x ln x x C
2 2 4 2 2 4
159. *

56

1
u ln x du dx
x

x n 1 x n 1 1
x ln xdx n n xn1 n 1ln x n 1 x dx
dv x dx v x dx
n 1
xn1 1 n xn1 1 n1
ln x x dx ln x 2 x C
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
n

160. *

x 1 /dt
1 parcijalnomintegracijom
2
xlnx 1dx2xdxdt 2lntd kaouprijasnjemzadatku
1
xdx dt
2
1 1 2 2 1 2 12 2 12
ln ttt C x 1 lnx 1 x 1 C x 1 lnx 1 x C
2 2 2 2 2
2

57

161.

x 1 t / d
2
2
2
x x ln x 1dx dx dt t 1 t 1 ln tdt t t ln tdt
x t 1

1
u ln t du dt
t

t3 t2 t3 t2 1

ln t dt
3 2
3 2t
t t 3 2
dv t 2 t dt v
3 2
2t 3 3t 2 1 2 1 2t 3 3t 2 1 3 1 2

ln t t dt tdt
ln t t t C
6
3 2
6
9 4
3
2
2 x 1 3 x 1
1 3 1 2

ln x 1 x 1 x 1 C
6
9
4
2 x 3 6 x 2 6 x 2 3x 2 6 x 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ln x 1 x3 x2 x x2 x C
6
9 3 3 9 4 2 4
2 x 3 3x 2 1
1 1 1

ln x 1 x3 x2 x C
6
9 12 6
162. *

58

lnx 1 x dx
2

u ln x 1 x2 du
dv dx

1
1 x2

vx

1 x2 t
x
x ln x 1 x2 dx x ln x 1 x2 1
xdx dt
1 x2
2

1
2

1
1t
x ln x 1 x2 t dt x ln x 1 x2 C
2
21
2

x ln x 1 x2 1 x2 C

163.

59

2 ln x
u ln x du dx 3 3
x 2 2 2 2 2 2ln x
x ln2 xdx 1
x ln x x dx
3
22 3 3 x
2
dv x dx v x
3
1
u

l
n
x
du

dx
3
1
3
2 4
2 4
x
x 2 ln2 x x2 ln xdx x 2 ln2 x 1 3
3 3
3 3 2 22
dv x dx v x
3
2

3
3
3
3
3
1
2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2
x ln x x ln x x dx x ln x x ln x x dx
3 3 3 3 x 3 3 3 3
3

2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 8
x ln x x ln x x C x ln x ln x C
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9
164.

60

2ln x
2 2 u ln x du dx
ln x ln x
x 1 2 1 2ln x
dx

x x2 1 2 1 xln x x x dx
dv 2 dx v x dx
x
x
1
u ln x du dx
1 2 ln x 1 2
x
ln x 2 2 dx ln x 2

x x x 1 2 1
dv 2 dx v x dx
x
x
2

1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
ln x 2 ln x dx ln x 2 ln x 2 dx
x x x x x x x

12 2 2 12
ln x ln x C ln x 2ln x 2 C
x x x x
165. *

61

1
u l n x du dx - 2
ln x x x 1 1 1 1 1 1
x3 dx 1 -3 x-2 2 lnx 2x2 xdx2x2 lnx 2 x3 dx
dv 3 dx v x dx
x 2
1 1 3 1 x - 2 1 1
2 ln x x dx 2 ln x C 2 ln x C
2 x 2 2 x 4 2x 2

166. *

1
u ln x du 2ln x dx 4
x x 213
3 2
x ln x dx 3 x4 4 ln x 2 x ln xdx
dv x dx v
4
1
u ln x du dx 4 4
4
x 21
x x 2 1 x 1 3
ln x
ln x ln x x dx
4
4 2 3 x 4 2 4 4
dv x dx v
4
x4 2 x4 x4 x4 2 1 1
ln x ln x C ln x ln x C
4 8 32 4 2 8
2

62

167.

1 x
1 1 x
2
u ln
du dx 2 dx
1 x 1 x
1 x
1 x
2 1 x

1 x
x ln 1 x dx
x3
2
dv x dx v
3
x3 1 x 2 x 3 x 3 1 x 2 x 3 x x
ln 2 dx ln 2 dx
3 1 x 3 1 x 3 1 x 3 1 x
2
1 x2 t / d
3
3
3
x 1 x 2 x x
x x 1 x 2 x x 1

ln 2 dx 2 dx ln 2 dx
1
3 1 x 3 1 x
1 x 3 1 x 3 1 x
xdx dt

2
x3 1 x 2
1 1 x3 1 x 2 x2 1
ln xdx dt ln ln t C
3 1 x 3
3 t 3 1 x 3 2 3
x3 1 x x 2 1 2
ln ln 1 x C
3 1 x 3 3
168. **

x exdx

u x du xdx
dv e dx v e dx e
x

x xex -exdx xex ex C

169. **

63

xu dudx

e dxe dxxedx x x x xe edx e Cex

dvedx ve xed
lnxx lnxx x

x x xx

170. **

x 2exdx
2 x

u x2 du 2xdx
dv e dx v e dx e
x

x- e 2
2 x

x -x2ex - 2 xexdx

u x du dx
dv e dx v e dx e
x

x x

-x e 2 xe e dx
2 x

x x

x x

x 2

-x e 2 xe e C e x 2x 2 C
171. *

64

x t/d tu dudt
1t t
3 x2 2 x2 1 t
xe dxx e dxxd 1dt2tedt dvetdt v etdtet2te e- dt

2
1 t t 1 2 x2 x2 1 x2 2
te -e C x e -e C e x 1 C
2 2 2
2

172. *

/dtx
1

tu dudt

e dx dxdt 2te dt 2te dt 2 t t 2te e dt

2 x dve dt ve
dx2td
x

t t

tt

2 te 1C 2e x 1 C
t

173. **

65

u x du dx

xsinxdxdvsinxdx vsinxdx cosx xcosxcosdx xcosxsinxC

174. **

u x du dx

xcosxdxdvcosxdx v cosxdxsinx xsinxsindxxsinxcosxC

175.

66

1
u sinln x du cosln x dx
x x sinln x cosln xdx
sinln xdx
dv dx v x
1
u cosln x du sinln x dx
x sinln x
x x sinln x x cosln x sinln xdx
dv dx v x

x sinln x x cosln x sinln xdx

ako usporedimo pocetak i kraj racuna
x
2 sinln xdx x sinln x x cosln x C sinln xdx sinln x cosln x C
2
176.

67

1
u cosln x du sinln x dx
x x cosln x sinln xdx
cosln xdx
dv dx v x
1
u sinln x du cosln x dx
x sinln x
x x cosln x x sinln x cosln xdx
dv dx v x

x cosln x x sinln x cosln xdx

ako usporedimo pocetak i kraj racuna
x
2 cosln xdx x cosln x x sinln x C cosln xdx cosln x sinln x C
2
177. *

68

u x 2 du 2xdx

x
cos2x
2
x sin2xdx dv sin2xdx v sin2xdx cos2x 2 xcos2xdx
2
2 u x du dx
x cos2x
x2 cos2x xsin 2x 1

sin 2x sin 2xdx
2 dv cos2xdx v cos2xdx 2 2 2
2
x2 cos2x xsin 2x cos2x
C
2 2 4

178. *

69

4
3
u

x
du

4x
dx 4 3
x 4 cos xdx
x sin x 4 x sin xdx
dv cos xdx v sin x

3
2
u

x
du

3x
dx 4 3 2
4
x sin x 4
x sin x 4 x cos x 3 x cos xdx
dv sin xdx v cos x
2
u

x
du 2xdx
4
3
2
4
3
x sin x 4x cos x 12 x cos xdx x sin x 4x cos x 12

dv cos xdx v sin x

x4 sin x 4x3 cos x 12 x2 sin x 2 x sin xdx x4 sin x 4x3 cos x 12x2 sin x 24 x sin xdx
u x du dx
x sin x 4x cos x 12x sin x 24

dv sin xdx v cos x

4

x4 sin x 4x3 cos x 12x2 sin x 24 x cos x cos xdx

x4 sin x 4x3 cos x 12x2 sin x 24x cos x 24sin x C

sin x x4 12x2 24 cos x 4x3 24x C

179. **

70

u x du dx
x
cos2 xdx dv 1 dx v 1 dxtanx xtanxtanxdx
2 2
cos x cos x
sin x cos x t /d 1
xtan x dx xtan x xtan x dt xtan x lnt C
cosx sin xdx dt t
xtan x lncos x C
180.

71

xu dudx

x c os x
d 3 x cos cos sinxt/d 3 1
sin x dv 3 dx v 3 dx t dt- 2
sin x sin x cosxd dt 2sin x
x 1 1 1 x
2 2 dx 2 cotx C
2sin x 2 sin x 2 sin x

181. *

72

x
x
u

e
du

e
dx x x
e x sin xdx
e cos x e cos xdx
dv sin xdx v cos x

x
x
u

e
du

e
dx x x x
ex cos x
e cos x e sin x e sin xdx
dv cos xdx v sin x

ex cos x ex sin x ex sin xdx

izjednacimo pocetak i kraj racuna
x
e
2 ex sin xdx ex cos x ex sin x C ex sin xdx cos x sin x C
2

182.

73

u eax du aeax dx

e ax cos x a ax
e sin bxdx dv sin bxdx v cos bx b b e cos bxdx
b
ax

u e ax du aeax dx

e cos x a
eax cos x a eax sin bx a ax

e
sin
bxdx
sin bx

b b dv cos bxdx v
b b b
b

b
eax cos bx aeax sin bx a 2 ax
aeax sin bx beax cos bx a 2 ax

2 2 e sin bxdx
2 e sin bxdx
b
b
b
b2
b
izjednacimo pocetak i kraj racuna
ax

a 2 ax
aeax sin bx be ax cos bx
2
1 2 e sin bxdx

C
/
b
b2
b

a b e
2

ax

sin bxdx aeax sin bx beax cos bx C

aeax sin bx be ax cos bx

a sin bx b cos bx ax
e
sin
bxdx

e C
2
2
2
2

a b
a b
ax

74

183.

u eax du ae ax dx

e ax sin x a ax
e cos bxdx dv cos bxdx v sin bx b b e sin bxdx
b
ax

u eax du aeax dx

eax sin x a
e ax sin x a e ax cos bx a ax

e cos bxdx
cos bx
b b dv sin bxdx v
b b
b
b

b
eax sin bx ae ax cos bx a 2 ax
aeax sin bx beax cos bx a 2 ax

2 2 e cos bxdx
2 e cos bxdx
2
b
b
b
b
b
izjednacimo pocetak i kraj racuna

a 2 ax
aeax cos bx beax sin bx
2
1 2 e cos bxdx

C
/
b
b2
b

a b e
2

ax

cos bxdx ae ax cos bx beax sin bx C

ae ax cos bx beax sin bx

a cos bx b sin bx ax
e
cos
bxdx

e C
2
2
2
2

a b
a b
ax

75

184.

76

u sin 2 x du 2 sin x cos xdx sin 2xdx

e sin xdx dv e dx
ax

ax

eax
v
a

eax 2 1 ax
sin x e sin 2xdx
a
a

izracunajmo posebno integral eax sin 2xdx :

u sin 2x du 2 cos 2xdx

eax sin 2x 2 ax
e sin 2xdx dv eaxdx v eaxdx e a a e cos 2xdx
a
u cos 2x du 2 sin 2xdx ax
ax
e sin 2x 2
e sin 2x 2 eax cos 2x 2 ax
ax

ax

e sin 2xdx
ax e
a a dv e dx v e dx
a a a a

a
eax sin 2x 2eax cos 2x 4 ax

2 2 e sin 2xdx
a
a a
izjednacimo pocetak i kraj :
ax

ax

eax sin 2x 2eax cos 2x 2

4 ax
2 /a
1 2 e sin 2xdx
a
a
a

a 4 e sin 2xdx ae sin 2x 2e cos 2x

2

ax

ax

ax

aeax sin 2x 2eax cos 2x

e sin 2xdx a2 4
sada to uvrstimo
ax

eax 2 aeax sin 2x 2eax cos 2x

e sin xdx a sin x a a2 4 C
ax

e
a sin x ae sin 2x 2

a a 4

eax 2 2 2 ax
2 a sin x 4 sin x ae sin 2x 2 1 2 sin 2 x C
a a 4
ax

2 2

ax

77

185.

78

u cos2 x du 2 sin x cos xdx sin 2xdx

e cos xdx dv e dx
ax

ax

eax
v
a

eax 2 1 ax
cos x e sin 2xdx
a
a

izracunajmo posebno integral eax sin 2xdx :

u sin 2x du 2 cos 2xdx

eax sin 2x 2 ax
e sin 2xdx dv eaxdx v eaxdx e a a e cos 2xdx
a
u cos 2x du 2 sin 2xdx ax
ax
e sin 2x 2
e sin 2x 2 eax cos 2x 2 ax
ax

ax

e sin 2xdx
ax e
a a dv e dx v e dx
a a a a

a
eax sin 2x 2eax cos 2x 4 ax

2 2 e sin 2xdx
a
a a
izjednacimo pocetak i kraj :
ax

ax

eax sin 2x 2eax cos 2x 2

4 ax
2 /a
1 2 e sin 2xdx
a
a
a

a 4 e sin 2xdx ae sin 2x 2e cos 2x

2

ax

ax

ax

aeax sin 2x 2eax cos 2x

e sin 2xdx a2 4
sada to uvrstimo
ax

eax 2 aeax sin 2x 2eax cos 2x

e cos xdx a cos x a a2 4 C
ax

e
a cos x ae sin 2x 2

a a 4

eax 2 2
2 a cos x 4 cos2 x aeax sin 2x 2 2 cos2 x 1 C
a a 4
ax

ax

79

186. *

u arcsin x du dx
x
2
arcsinxdx 1 x xarcsinx 1 x2 dx
dv dx v x
1
1 x2 t / d
1
1 2 1 t 2
xarcsin x 2xdx dt xarcsin x t dt xarcsin x C
2
21
1
2
xdx dt
2

xarcsin x 1 x2 C
187. *

80

1
u arctan x du 2 dx x
arctanxdx 1 x xarctanx1 x2 dx
dv dx v x
1
1 x2 t / d
1

1 2 1 t2
xarctan x 2xdx dt xarctan x t dt xarctan x C
2
21
1
2
xdx dt
2

xarctan x 1 x2 C
188. *

81

1
u arctant du 2 dt
x /dt
1 t
arctan xdx dx2tdt 2tarctantdt2 t2
dv t dt v
2
2
2
t
1

t
1
2
2
t arctant 2 dt t arctant 2 dt
1 t 1 t
2 2 1 2
t arctan tt dt 2 dt t arctan tt arctantC x 1 xarctan x C
1 t

189.

82

u arccos x du

x arccosxdx
2

dv x2dx v

dx

3
3
1 x2 x 1 x
arccos x dx
3
x 3 3 1 x2

1 x2 t / d
x 3 1 1 x3 1 x 2 x x3 1 1 t
arccos x xdx dt arccos x dx arccos x dt
3 3 2 3 3 1 x2 3 6 t
x2 1 t
1 3
x 1 t2 t2
x 1
arccos x t dt t dt arccos x C
3 6
3 6 1 3
2 2
1

1 3

1
2

x3 1 2 1 2 x3 1 2 t
arccos x t t C arccos x t 1 C
3 3 9 3 3 3
1

x 3 1 2 3 t x3 2 x 2 2
arccos x t C arccos x 1 x C
3 3 3 3 9
190.

83

arcsinx dx
2

u arcsin x du
2

2arcsin x

xarcsin x

1 x xarcsin x 2 2 dx
1 x
2

dv dx v x
1

xarcsin x 2
2

u arcsin x du dx
2
1 x
1 x 2 t / d 1
xdx xdx 1 2 2
dv v 1 t dt 1 x
1 x2 1 x2 xdx dt 2
2

xarcsin x 2 1 x arcsin x dx xarcsin x 2 1 x2 arcsin x 2x C

2

191.

84

x
e
x
arctan e x u arctan e du 2x dx x x exex
ex dx x 1x e e arctan e 1 e2x dx
dv e dx v e
2x 2x
1
1

e
e
x
x
x
x
e arctan e 2x dx e arctan e 2x dx
1 e
1 e
2x
1

e
t/d
2x
e
x
x
e arctan e dx 2x dx ex arctan e x x 2x 1
1 e
e dx dt
2
1 1 x x 1 2 x
x
x
e arctan e x dt e arctan e x ln1 e C
2t
2
192.

85

arcsin x
dx
1 x

u arcsin x du

1
1 x

dx

1
1 1 x t / d
dv dx v dx
t dt 2 1 x
1 x
1 x dx dt
1

1 x

1 x
dx
2 1 x arcsin x 2 2 dx 2 1 x arcsin x 2
1 x 1 x
1 x
1 x t / d
1
2 1 x arcsin x 2 dx 2 1 x arcsin x 2

dx dt
1 x
1
2

1
2

t
2 1 x arcsin x 2 t dt 2 1 x arcsin x 2 C 2 1 x arcsin x 4 1 x C
1
2

86

193.

du

1
22

3
22

dx

1 x 1 x
x earctanx
2 3 dx 2 1 1 x2 dx earctanx arctan x t / d
1 x 2 1 x 2
dv 2 dx v 1 etdt earctanx
1 x
dx dt
2
1 x
xearctanx

xe

arctan x

arctan x

dx
3

1 x2 1 x2 2

xe

arctan x

du

1
22

3
22

1 x 1 x
1 x2 earctanx arctan x
dv 2 dx v e
1 x

xearctanx earctanx xearctanx xearctanx earctanx xearctanx

3 dx 3 dx
2 2
1 x 1 x 1 x2 2 1 x 2 1 x2 1 x 2 2

izjednacimo pocetak i kraj

xearctanx xearctanx earctanx earctanx

2 3 dx x 1 C
2
2
2
2 2 1 x 1 x 1 x
1 x

xearctanx earctan x
2 3 dx 2 1 x2 x 1 C
1 x 2

194.

87

 a x dx
2

dv dx

x a x
2

u a 2 x 2 du

a x

x2

a2 x2 x a x

vx

a2 x2 a2

dx

dx x a x
2

a2 x2

dx

a x
2

a2

dx

a x
tablicni
1
x a2 x2 a2
a 2 x 2 dx x a 2 x2 a 2
a 2 x 2 dx
integral (7)
a2 x2
x
x a 2 x 2 a 2 arcsin a 2 x2 dx
a
usporedimo pocetak i kraj racuna
x
2 a 2 x2 dx x a 2 x 2 a 2 arcsin C
a
x 2 2 a2 x
2 2
a x dx 2 a x 2 arcsin a C
2

a x

195.

88

x a dx
2

dv dx

x x a
2

x a
2

1
x2 a2

dx

x2

x2 a2 x x a

vx

x2 a 2 a 2

x x a a
2

u x2 a 2 du

dx x x a
2

x2 a2
x a
2

dx

x2 a 2 dx x x2 a 2 a

x a
2

a2

x a
2 tablicni
2

dx

integral (5) i (6)

x2 a 2 dx

x x2 a 2 a 2 ln x x2 a 2 x2 a 2 dx
usporedimo pocetak i kraj racuna
2 x2 a 2 dx x x 2 a 2 a 2 ln x x2 a 2 C

2
x
a
x2 a 2 dx x2 a 2 ln x x 2 a 2 C
2
2

196.

89

x2
x a

dx

x2 a2 a2

dx a
2

dx

x a
x a
dx prethodni 2 tablicni
2 2
2
x a dx a

2 2 zadatak
integral (5)
x a
2

x a

dx

x2 a2

x 2 2 a2
x a ln x x 2 a 2 a 2 ln x x 2 a 2 C
2
2
x 2 2 a2
x a ln x x 2 a 2 C
2
2

90

a x dx

x2 a2 x2
a x
2

dx

x 2a2 x4
a x
2

dx a
2

x2
a x
2

dx

x4
a x
2

dx

u x3 dx 3x 2dx
a
2

a2 x2

dx

a2 x2 t / d

1 2
2 2
dv
dx v
1 t dt a x
2 2
xdx dt 2
a x
2
x

a a x dx a
dx x3 a 2 x 2 3 x 2 a 2 x 2 dx
a2 x2

prema prethodnom 4 tablicni

a2
a
x3 a 2 x 2 3 x 2 a 2 x 2 dx
zadatku
integral (5)
2

197.

a2 x2 a2

a2 x 2 2 a4
a x ln x a 2 x 2 a 4 ln x a 2 x 2 x3 a 2 x 2 3 x 2 a 2 x 2 dx
2
2
a2 x 2 2 a4
a x ln x a 2 x 2 x3 a 2 x 2 3 x 2 a 2 x 2 dx
2
2
izjednacimo pocetak i kraj racuna
a2 x 2 2 a4
4 x a x dx a x ln x a 2 x 2 x3 a 2 x 2 C
2
2
3
a2 x 2 2 a4
2 2 2
2 2 x
2 2
x
a

x
dx

ln
x

a
x C

8
8
4
x 2 2 2 2 a4
2 2 2
2 2
x
a

x
dx

2
x

a
a

ln
x

a
x C

8
8
2

198.

91

u x du dx
x

2
1

t
/
d
1x2 2 dxdv xdx 2 v 1 1t2dt 1 2
2
1 x xdx dt 2 12 x
2
x 11 x 1
2 2 dx 2 arctanx C
12 x 2 1 x 21 x 2

199.

92

u x du dx
x2

a x t/d
2 2

a x dxdv xdx v 1 1t dt 1
a x xdx dt 2 2a x
2 22

2 22

2 2

x 11 x 1 x
2 2 2 2 dx 2 2 arctan C
2 a x 2 a x 2 a x 2a a

200.

1 a 2dx
1 a 2 x 2 x 2 1 dx
x2
a2 x2 2 a2 a2 x2 2 dx a2 a2 x2 2 dx a2 a2 x2 a2 x2 dx
dx

1 1 x prema prethodnom 1 1 x x
1
x
2 arctan
2 arctan 2 2 arctan C
a a a zadatku
a a a 2 a x 2a a
1
x
x
3 arctan 2 2 2 C
2a
a 2a a x

201.

93

x t/d
2

1 1 t 1 1 t 1 1 1 2

dx

xdx

dt

dt

dt

dt

t
dt

1 x4 2 2 1t2 2 1t2 2 1t2

5 2
x dx t dt
x

tablicni integral (7) 1 t 2 1 1 2 x 4

arcsint 1 t arcsin t C arcsin x 1 x C

i prijasni zadatak 2 4 4 4 4
2

Rekurzivne formule
Primjenom formule za parcijalnu integraciju mogu se dobiti formule za rekurzivno raunanje
nekih integrala

U sljedeim zadacima treba kvadratni trinom transformirati u kanonski oblik a potom

prmijeniti tabline integrale

202.

94

In sin xdx
n

u sinn1 x

dv sin xdx

du n 1 sin x cos xdx v cos xdx

n2

cos x sin n1 x n 1 sin n2 x cos2 xdx

cos x sin n1 x n 1 sin n2 x 1 sin 2 x dx

cos x sin n1 x n 1 sin n2 x sin n x dx

cos x sin n1 x n 1 sin n2 xdx n 1 sin n xdx cos x sin n1 x n 1 In2 n 1 In

dobili smo:
I n cos x sin n1 x n 1 I n2 n 1 I n

I n n 1 I n cos x sin n1 x n 1 I n2

nI n cos x sin n1 x n 1 I n2
In

cos x sin n1 x n 1

I n 2
n
n

Rekurzivna formula glasi:

I n sin n xdx

cos x sin n1 x n 1

sin n2 xdx
n
n

203.

primjen om
r3 ekzivne cosx in2x 2 cosx in2x 2
sin xformule 3 3sinxd 3 3cosxC
n3
204.

95

In cos xdx
n

u cosn1 x

dv cos xdx

du n 1 cos x sin xdx v sin xdx

n 2

sin x cosn1 x n 1 cosn2 x sin2 xdx

sin x cosn1 x n 1 cosn2 x 1 cos2 x dx

sin x cosn1 x n 1 cosn2 x cosn x dx

sin x cosn1 x n 1 cosn2 xdx n 1 cosn xdx sin x cosn1 x n 1 In2 n 1 In

dobili smo:
I n sin x cos n1 x n 1 I n2 n 1 I n

I n n 1 I n sin x cos n1 x n 1 I n2

nI n sin x cos n1 x n 1 I n2
In

sin x cos n1 x n 1

I n2
n
n

Rekurzivna formula glasi:

I n cos n xdx

sin x cos n1 x n 1

cos n2 xdx
n
n

205.

96

2x t

1
1
si
n
t
cos
t4 3
5
5
cos 2xdx dx dt 2 cos tdt 2 5 5 cos tdt
2

1 sin t cos4 t 4 sin t cos3 t 2 sin t cos4 t 4sin t cos4 t 8

costdt sin t C
2 5 5 3 3 10 30 30
sin t cos4 2x 4sin 2x cos4 2x 8

sin 2x C
10
30 30
206.

1 sin2 x cos2 x sin 2 x cos2 x

In n dx n dx n dx n dx
sin x
sin x
sin x sin x
u cos x du sin xdx
In2 cos x cos x sin x t dt 1
1
dv n v n dx
n n1 n1
sin x sin x cos xdx dt t n 1t n 1 sin x
cos x 1 sin x
cos x 1 1
In2 n1 n1 dx In2 n1 n2 dx
n 1 sin x n 1 sin x n 1 sin x n 1 sin x
n2
cos x
In2 n1
n 1 n 1 sin x
Rekurzivna formula glasi:

97

In

n2
cos x
I n 2
n 1
n 1 sin n1 x

207.

prema

1 3 2 1 cos x
1 x cos x
sin3 x dx 31 sin xdx 2sin2 x prijanjem 2lntan 2 2sin2 x C
zadatku
208. mm
209. mmmm
210. mmmmm
U sljedeim zadacima treba kvadratni trinom transformirati u kanonski oblik a potom
prmijeniti tabline integrale
211.

dx dx x 1 t/d dt tablicni 1 t1
ln C
2 2 2
x 2x x1 1 dxdt t 1 integral(4) 2 t1
1x
ln C
2 x2
98

212. *

3 tablicni t 3
dx dx x t / d d t 1 2
x23x 3 2 9 2 2 9 integral(4) 3ln 3 C
x dx dt t 4 a 3 2 2 t 2
2 4
2
33
x
1 22 1 x
ln C ln C
3 x 3 3 3 x3
22
213. *

99

1 tablicni ntegral
dx dx x t/d dx

2 2 2 3
x x 1 1 3 t23 (2) za
x dxdt 4 2
2 4
1
2 x
2 t 2 2 2 2x 1
arctg C arctg C arctg C
333 3 33
2

214. *

100

1 tablicni ntegral
dx dx x t/d dx

2 2 2 7
x x 2 1 7 t27 (2) za
x dxdt 4 2
2 4
1
2 x
2 t 2 2 2 2x 1
arctg C arctg C arctg C
777 7 77
2
215. *

101

1
dx
dx
1
dx
1 dx x t / d
3x 2 2 x 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 3
3 x x x x dx dt
3 3 3 9 3 3 9
2
1 2
t
x
1 dt
11 3
1 3 3 1 x 1
integral (4) ln C ln
C ln C
3 t2 4
3 2 2 t 2
4 x 1 2 4 3x 1
2
9 a
3 3
3 3
3
tablicni

216. *

1
dx
dx
dx x t / d
3 x x2 1 1 2 13 1 2 2
3 x
x dx dt
4 2 4 2
tablicni
dt
1
integral (3) ln
13 2
13
t
2

4 a 13
2
2

1
13
13

2
x
t
2 C 1 ln 2 C
13
13 13 2 x 1

t
2
2

1 13 2x 1
ln
C
13 13 2x 1

102

217. *

tablicni
1
dx dx x t / d dt
x x2 2 2 2 1 integral(6)
1 1 dx dt t 1
x
4 za a
2 4
2
2

1 1 1 1 1 2
lnt t C ln x x C ln x x x C
4 2 2 4 2
2

218. **
dx
dx
B
A

dx I
5 x x x 5 x x 5
1
A
B

/x x 5
x x 5
x x5

1 A( x 5) Bx

za x 0 1 5 A A

1
1

1
5
I
5 dx
5
x x 5

x dx x 5 dx

1
5

za x 5 1 5 B B

1
5

1
ln x ln x 5 C 1 ln x C
5
5
x5

Integriranje racionalnih funkcija

Racionalna funkcija je funkcija oblika:

103

R ( x)

Pn x
Qm x

Gdje su Pn x i Qm x polinomi n-tog odnosno m-tog stupnja.

Ralikujemo:
a.) prave razlomljene racionalme funkcije kad je n m
b) neprave razlomljene racionalme funkcije kad je n m
Svaka se neprava razlomljena racionalma funkcija moe na jedinstveni nain prikazati kao
zbroj polinoma i prave razlomljene racionalme funkcije:
R ( x ) Rk ( x ) r ( x )

Ssvaka se prava razlomljena racionalma funkcija moe na jedinstveni nain prikazati kao
zbroj parcijalnih razlomaka:
r ( x) p1 x p2 x ... ps x

Parcijalni razlomci su prave razlomljene racionalme funkcije posebnog oblika. Razlikujemo:

a.) parcijalne razlomke prve vrste:
a
bx c n

p ( x)

, n1

b.)parcijalne razlomke druge vrste:

p ( x)

cx

ax b
2

dx e

, n1

uz uvjet da jednadba cx 2 dx e 0 nema realnih rjeenja.

Integriranje raazlomljene racionalne funkcije provodimo u slijedeih nekoliko koraka:

1.korak: ustanovimo radi li se o pravoj ili nepravoj razlomljenoj funkciji
2.korak: ako ustanovimo da je racionalna funkcija neprava rastavimo je na zbroj
polinoma i prave razlomljene racionalne funkcije
Ako ustavnoimo da se radi o pravoj razlomljenoj racionalnoj funkciji prelazimo na slijedei
korak
3.korak: rastavimo pravu razlomljenu racionalnu funkciju na zbroj parcijalnih
razlomaka

104

4.korak: provedemo potrebne integracije

Integriranje parcijalnih razlomaka prve vrste
219.

a
bx cdx, radi se o parcijalnom ralomku prve vrste uz n 1
bx c t / d
a
a dt a dt a a
bx cdx dx dt t b b t b ln t C b ln bx c C
b
220.

a
bx cndx, radi se o parcijalnom ralomku prve vrste
bx c t / d
a
a dt a n a t n1
a
bx cndx dx dt tn b b t dt b n 1 C b1 nax bn1 C
b
Integriranje parcijalnih razlomaka drge vrste
221.

105

2x 1
dx , kako jednadba x 2 x 1 0 nema realnih rjeenja
x 1

radi se o parcijalnom razlomku druge vrste uz n=1. Uz to, brojnik je ba derivacija

nazivnika pa se integral rjeava jednostavnom supstitucijom.

x12 xx 1 t 1 2
dx dtln Ct ln xx 1 C
2
xx 1 2x1dxdt t
2

222.
3x 2
dx , kako jednadba 2 x 2 x 1 0 nema realnih rjeenja
2
x5

2x

radi se o parcijalnom razlomku druge vrste uz n=1 . U ovom sluaju brojnik nije
derivacija nazivnika pa moramo transformirati podintegralnu funkciju:

106

8
5
4x 1
3x 2
3
3 dx 3
dx

2x2 x 5 4 2x2 x 5 4 2x2 x 35 dx

5

4x 1
3
2
dx 2
dx
4 2x x 5
2x x 5

3 2x x 5 t 5
1


dx

4 4 x 1 dx dt 3
1 1
2
x

2 2 8

1
2x
s

3 1
5 1 5
2 2 3
dt

ln
t

4
ds
4 t
3 2 3
dx

4x

223. bnbnbb
224.

107