DCU

SEMESTER TWO RESIT EXAMINATIONS 2009

MODULE: Introductory Chemistry CS113

COURSE: Analytical Science, Chemical & Pharmaceutical

Sciences, Biotechnology, Science Education, Science
International, Environmental Science & Health,
Common Entry into Science, Genetics & Cell
Biology

YEAR:

EXAMINERS: Dr. 0. Finlayson (5409)

Dr. P. James (5126)
Prof. C. Long (8001)
Prof. B. Paul1 (5060)

TIME ALLOWED: 3 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer ALL parts of Question 1 in Section A, and

ONE question from EACH of the remaining Sections
B,C,D, and E. One third of marks for this paper is
available for Section A. All questions in Sections
B,C,D, and E carry equal marks.

Candidates may require Mathematical Tables

PLEASE DO NOT TURN OVER THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO

The use of programmable or text storing calculators is expressly forbidden.

Please note that where a candidate answers more than the required number of questions, the examiner
will mark all questions attempted and then select the highest scoring one

PAGE 1 OF 9
 USEFUL CONSTANTS

R = 8.205 x L atm K-'mol-' 1 atm = 760 rnrnHg = 760 Torr = 101.325

R = 8.3 14 J K-'mol-' kPa
NA= 6.02 x 1023mol-I c = 3 . 0 x 108ms-'
1 W = 1 J s-' h = 6.626 x lod4 J s
1 cal= 4.184 J

SECTION A

1. Answer ALL parts.

(a) Write down the nuclear composition of the most abundant isotope of the
following elements;

(9 Boron;
(ii) Fluorine;
(iii) Carbon;
(iv) Sodium.

(b) Calculate the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 450 nm.

(c) The distance between the earth and the sun is approximately 150 million
krn. Calculate how long it takes for the light emitted by the sun to reach
the earth.

(d) Write down the electronic configuration of the following elements:

(9 N;
(ii) Be;
(iii) Cu;
(iv) Na.

(e) What is the equilibrium constant (Kw)for the following reaction?

H20 * H+ + OH-

(i) 1 x 1o - ~
(ii) 1 x 1014
(iii) 1 x 10-l4
(iv) 1.4 x 10-lo
(v) None of the above

(0 Consider the dissolution of mercury (I) chloride (Hg2C12)in water. The

correct expression for the solubility product (Ksp)is,

(i) Ksp= [:FIgP][ ~ l - l 2

PAGE 2 OF 9
 (ii) Ksp= [ H ~ ~[~1-]2
']
(iii) Ksp= [Hg2][c1l2
(iv) KIP= [ ~ 1 - ] 2 [ ~ ~ ~ ] ~ '
(v) Ksp = [Hgl21IC112

(g) In the titration of a weak base (B) with a strong acid, when the volume of
strong acid added is equal to % the equivalence volume (Ve), pH will be
equal to

(i) The pKa for BH'.

(ii) The pKa for B.
(iii) The pKa for BH'.
(iv) The pKa for BH.
(vi) None of the above.

(h) If the Kspfor the salt CaC204is 2.7 x lo4, what would be the
concentration of calcium ions in mg L-' in a completely saturated
solution?

(i) 0.016
(ii) 0.659
(iii) 658.5
(iv) 1.35~
(v) None of the above.

(i) Predict, with explanation, which of the following compounds will have
the highest boiling point:
NH3 or CH4

6) Sketch and label the graph showing how the volume (V) of an ideal gas
changes with increasing pressure (P) under conditions of constant
temperature and pressure. If the temperature was doubled, sketch and
explain how the graph that you have drawn above would change.

(k) On one set of axes, sketch the graph showing the distribution of
molecular speeds for 1 mole of C 0 2 at room temperature and also at
1OO°C. Calculate the average root mean square speed for the gas at each
temperature and the rates of effusion.

(1) Explain the difference between each of the following pairs of symbols:
(i) AHand AU
(ii) q and w
(iii) A,H' and A ~ H O

(m) Describe with the aid of structures TWO reactions that carboxylic acids
undergo.

CS113 PAGE 3 OF 9
(n) Identify the major organic product expected from the acid-catalyzed
dehydration of 2-methyl-2-hexanol.

(0) Give THREE examples of reactions involving Grignard reagents

(FW3X).

(p) Describe with the aid of structures TWO examples of reactions that
generate a new carbon-carbon (C-C) bond.

PAGE 4 OF 9
 SECTION B

Answer ONE question from this Section.

Using molecular orbital theory, describe the bonding between the two
nitrogen atoms in a molecule of nitrogen gas, and calculate the bond order
in N2.

According to the Bohr theory, the hydrogen atom consists of a dense

positive nucleus with a single electron in orbit around the nucleus at a
distance of 0.53 A. Explain how the concept of a Radial Distribution
Function (RDF) can be used to describe the size of a hydrogen atom in
terms of electronic wavefunctions.

PAGE 5 OF 9
 SECTION C

Answer ONE question from this Section.

4. Consider the precipitation titration of 25.0 mL of a solution that is 0.113 M in

KI and a solution that is 0.05 M in AgN03. Calculate the concentration of I-
and thus A ~ in+ solution after the addition of 10.0 mL, 20.0 mL, 45.0 mL, 50.0
mL, 55.0 mL and 60.0 mL of the AgN03 solution.

Use this data to construct a titration curve, plotting p ~ g against

+ volume of
AgN03 solution added.

(Kspfor AgI = 8.3 x 10-17)

5. Calculate the pH at the following points for the titration of 50.0 mL of a

solution that is 0.05 M in formic acid (Ka=l.82 x 1o - ~with
) a solution that is
0.05 M in KOH;

Vb = 0.0,20.0,40.0,48.0, 50.0, 53.0 and 60.0 (where Vb is the volume of base

added in mL)

Use this data to construct a graph of pH against Vb. On the graph mark the
region of maximum buffering capacity and the point at which pH = pKa.

Remember: formic acid is a weak acid, a solution containing a weak acid and
its associated conjugate base acts as a buffer!

PAGE 6 OF 9
 SECTION D

Answer ONE question from this Section.

6. Answer ALL parts [Marks: (a) 40%, (b) 40%, (c) 20%]

Combustion of propane (C3Hs)and ethanol (C2H50H)both result in formation

of C02(g) and H20(1) as follows: (Note reaction equations are not balanced).
C3H8(g) + 02(g) 3 C02(g) + H20(1)
C2HsOH(1)+ 02(g) + CO2(g) + H20(1)

(a) Using the standard enthalpies of formation data below, determine the
standard enthalpy change for combustion of 1 mole of propane and 1
mole of ethanol.
(b) Determine which compound (propane or ethanol) will produce a
greater amount of heat on combustion of 1g of compound?
(c) If H20(g) was produced as the product of the reactions above, rather
than H20(1), what effect would this have on the heat produced by the
reaction?

I Substance 1 AfHOat 298K (kJ/mol) 1

PAGE 7 OF 9
 Answer ALL parts [:Marks: (a) lo%, (b) 50%, (c) 40%]

Glucose (C6HI2o6)can be oxidised to form C 0 2 (g) and H20(1), with the AH

value for this reaction as -2808kJlmol.

(a) Write the balanced reaction equation for this reaction.

(b) Determine the volume of C02 produced when 2.5 g of glucose is

digested in the body (assume body temperature is 3 1°C and pressure is
1atm).

(c) Determine the AH value for the reaction in (b). Briefly discuss if this
process is exothermic or endothermic and how q is related to AH under
these conditions.

CS113 PAGE 8 OF 9

.- - -
- . -- -- - - - --
 SECTION E

Answer ONE question from this Section.

8. For EACH of the following reactions draw the major product which one
would expect. You should give reasoning for your answer.

1. 0,
*
2. Zn, acetic acid

9. Discuss the chemistry of aldehydes (RCHO) under the following headings:

6) structure and bonding;

(ii) methods for their preparation;
(iii) reactions that they undergo.

PAGE 9 OF 9