IBDP Year-1/2

Title: Neutralization titration

Chemistry Investigation
Name: ______________

Topic: Quantitative analysis

Date: _______________

Date of Submission: Within 3 days of performing the investigation.

Aim: Determine the amount of a strong base and a weak base in a solution in terms of molarity
and using a solution of strong acid.
Theory: An acid base titration is a neutralization titration. On Titrating a mixture of strong and
weak base with a strong acid, strong base first gets neutralized and then the weak base gets
neutralized. Depending upon the pH range, indicators are selected for the titration.
Data collection and processing:
a) Record and process raw data
b) Present processed data
c) Proper table with appropriate data should be recorded and processed with
uncertainties.
ICT: Do Vernier settings on your own.
Conclusion and evaluation:
a) Describe your results in a written form
b) Show the calculations for molarity and strength of the acid.
Precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Rinse the apparatus with distilled water before use.

Rinse the burette with the solution to be filled.
Rinse the conical flask with distilled water after each trial.
Color at the end point should be maintained for atleast thirty seconds.
A trial titration (Pilot set) should be performed so as to know the approximate end point.

Equation:

NaOH (aq) + HCl(aq)

NaCl (aq) + H2O (aq)

Na2CO3 (aq) + HCl (aq)

NaCl (aq) + NaHCO3 (aq)

NaHCO3 (aq) + HCl (aq)

NaCl (aq) + H2O(aq) + CO2 (g)

Observation:
Burette:
Pipette:
Indicator:
End Point:
Burette
reading
(ml)
Final

Pilot reading
P

1
P

2
M

Concordant

3
M

reading
P
M

reading
Initial
reading
Difference
P = Reading with phenolphthalein as indicator
M = Reading with Methyl orange as indicator
Note:
(1) Burette reading P obtained by using phenolphthalein as indicator indicates that whole
of NaOH and half of Na2CO3 (up to its conversion to bicarbonate) present in the solution
are neutralized.
(2) Burette reading M obtained by using methyl orange as indicator indicates the
neutralization of remaining half of the carbonate (i.e., neutralization of the bicarbonate
formed of carbonate).
(3) The final reading obtained in a titration using phenolphthalein becomes initial reading
for methyl orange titration of the same solution.
Calculation:
1. P M = volume of 0.1M HCl required for neutralization of whole of NaOH present in the
solution.

Molarity of NaOH: M1V1 = M2V2

M2 = M1V1 / V2 = aM
Where M1 = molarity of HCl (0.1M)
V1 = volume of HCl (P-M)
M2 = molarity of NaOH
V2 = volume of NaOH
Strength of NaOH = aM x Mol. Wt = g/l
2. 2 x M = volume of 0.1 M HCl required for the neutralization of whole of Na 2CO3 in the
mixture solution.
M1V1 = M2V2
M2 = M1V1 / V2 = bM
Where M1 = molarity of HCl (0.1M)
V1 = volume of HCl (2 xM)
M2 = molarity of Na2CO3
V2 = volume of Na2CO3
Strength of Na2CO3 = bM x Mol.Wt.= g/l