Cellular Respiration Study Guide

Complete each sentence or statement.

1. Most eukaryotic cells produce only about ___________ ATP molecules per glucose
molecule.

2. What is the process by which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid?

3. At the beginning of aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid bonds to a molecule called

_________________________ to form acetyl CoA.

4. The breakdown of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen is called _______________.

5. With every completion of the Krebs Cycle, how many ATP molecules are made? ____

6. What is the waste product of the Krebs Cycle? ______________________________

7. The conversion of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and ethanol is called ____________.

8. The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen is ____________.

9. What is the byproduct of the electron transport chain? _________________________.

10. How efficient is anaerobic respiration? _____% Aerobic respiration? ____%

11. What is the first pathway of cellular respiration called? ________________________

12. Where does glycolysis occur? _____________________

13. What is the scientific unit of energy? _______________________

14. What do you call cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen? _________________

15. Yeast produces _______________ and _______________ in the process known as

_____________________________.

16. In cellular respiration, glycolysis proceeds the _______________________________.

17. In cellular respiration, more energy is transferred in the ________________________

than in any other step.

18. Glucose molecules are converted into _____________________________ molecules

in the process of glycolysis.
19. What is the location of the electron transport chain in prokaryotes? _______________

20. The processes of glycolysis and the anaerobic pathways is called ________________.

21. What is the product of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetic acid? __________________

22. What molecule is the electron acceptor of glycolysis? _________________________

23. The breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP is known as _____________.

24. Glycolysis begins with glucose and produces ________________________.

25. An important molecule generated by both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation is
______________________________.

26. In the first step of aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid forms from glycolysis and
produces CO2, NADH, H+, and ________________________________.

27. The electron transport chain is driven by two products of the Krebs Cycle -
______________________ and ___________________________.

28. What happens to electrons as they are transported along the electron transport chain?
_________________________________________________________________

29. The energy efficiency of aerobic respiration (including glycolysis) is approximately

______________ __________________________________________________.

30. Where in the mitochondria do the reactions of the Krebs cycle occur?
__________________________________________________________________

31. Where in the mitochondria is the electron transport chain located?

_________________________________________________________________

32. In alcoholic fermentation, ethyl alcohol is produced from

_______________________________ ______________________________________.

33. ___________________________, and _______________________________ supply

electrons and protons to the electron transport chain.

34. Cellular respiration takes place in Two Stages: ______________________________,

then ________________________________.

35. Water is an end product in the ___________________________________.

36. In cellular respiration, a two-carbon molecule combines with a four-carbon molecule

to form citric acid as part of the _____________________________________________.
37. When glycolysis occurs, a molecule of glucose is ____________________________.

38. The name of the process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down
in the absence of oxygen is ______________________ or ________________________.

39. Energetic electrons that provide the energy for the production of most of a cell's ATP
are carried to the electron transport chain by ______________ and _________________.

40. ________________ is a biochemical pathway of cellular respiration that is anaerobic.

41. Glucose is split into smaller molecules during the biochemical pathway called
__________________________________.

42. In the absence of oxygen, instead of oxidative respiration following glycolysis,

glycolysis is followed by __________________________________________.

43. During fermentation, either ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide or _________________
is formed.

44. Of the maximum possible of 38 molecules of ATP produced by the complete

oxidation of one glucose molecule, __________ molecules of ATP are produced during
glycolysis.

45. A substance, produced during the process of photosynthesis, that is used for
completion of cellular respiration is _______________________________.

46. During cellular respiration, a cell produces most of its energy through ____________
respiration.

47. During aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is first converted to acetyl-CoA, which enters
the _________________________.

48. During glycolysis, NADH is formed when hydrogen atoms are transferred to an
electron acceptor called ____________________________.

49. The reaction that removes a(n) _______________________ from ATP results in ADP
and provides energy for the cell.

50. During anaerobic respiration, NADH transfers electrons to the pyruvic acid produced
during ____________________________.

51. Fermentation allows the continued production of ____________________ even

though ______________________ is not present.

52. ____________________ is a biochemical pathway of cellular respiration that is

anaerobic.
53. Glucose is split into smaller molecules during a biochemical pathway called
____________________.

54. In the absence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by ____________________ instead

of aerobic respiration.

55. The Krebs cycle takes place in the _________________________.

1. How does aerobic respiration ultimately depend on photosynthesis?

2. Explain the role of oxaloacetic acid with respect to the cyclical nature of the Krebs
cycle.

3. Glycolysis produces only 2% of the energy that would be produced if an equal quantity
of glucose were completely oxidized. What has happened to the remaining energy in the
glucose?

4. Why do most cells produce fewer than 38 ATP molecules for every glucose molecule
that is oxidized through aerobic respiration?

5. What happens to electrons that accumulate at the end of the electron transport chain?

6. What role does chemiosmosis play in aerobic respiration?

7. What condition must exist in a cell for the cell to engage in fermentation?

8. How is the synthesis of ATP in the electron transport chain of mitochondria similar to
the synthesis of ATP in chloroplasts?

9. The fourth step of glycolysis yields four ATP molecules, but the net yield is only two
ATP molecules. Explain this discrepancy.

10. Under what conditions would cells in your body undergo lactic-acid fermentation?

11. What role does oxygen play in aerobic respiration? What molecule does oxygen
become a part of as a result of aerobic respiration?

12. Where in the mitochondrion do protons accumulate, and what is the source of the
protons?

13. In order for pyruvic acid to be used for the production of ATP, oxygen must be
present. What happens to pyruvic acid following glycolysis if oxygen is not available to
a cell?