Kinetics and Kinematics

Motion
For an object moving with constant acceleration and initial velocity, the following equations connect the displacement
and the velocity after a time.
S ut

v u at
S

1
(u v)t
2

S vt

v 2 u 2 2aS

1 2
at
2

1 2
at
2

Where,

u
v

Initial velocity (m/s)

Final velocity (m/s)

acceleration (m/s2)

time (s)

Displacement (m)

Exercise:
1 A particle passes through a point A moving at 2 ms -1 and continues with a constant velocity for 5 s until it reaches a
point B. At B, it accelerates at a constant rate for 4 s until it passes through a point C moving with a velocity of 5ms 1
. Find the distance covered and the acceleration from B to C.

2
A stone slides across a sheet of ice and passes through a point A moving with velocity of 12 ms -1 and a point B 2 s
later. Assuming the acceleration is constant and that AB is 20 m.
Find
(a) the deceleration,
(b) the velocity at B,
(c) The distance travelled by the stone from A until it comes to rest.

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Motion under gravity (vertical motion)

All objects when dropped fall towards the earth in a vertical line with the same constant acceleration, provided that
there is no air resistance.
S ut

v u gt
1
S (u v)t
2

1 2
gt
2

1
S vt gt 2
2

v 2 u 2 2 gS

Where,

u
t

Initial velocity (m/s)

Time (s)

Final velocity (m/s)

Displacement (m)

g
Gravitational acceleration (10 m/s2)

Exercise:
1

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Motion Graphs
Displacement time graph ( x-t)
Velocity- time graph (v-t)
- The gradient of the x-t graph represent the velocity of the - The gradient of the v-t graph represent the acceleration of
object.
the object.
- The area under the graph represent the displacement of
the graph.
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Graph analysis:
Object static
Zero velocity

Graph analysis:
Constant velocity

Graph analysis:
Constant velocity

Graph analysis:
Constant acceleration

Graph analysis:
Increasing velocity

Graph analysis:
Increasing acceleration

Exercise:
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General motion in a straight line

For an object moving in a straight line, if x denotes the displacement from a fixed point O of the line at time t, v denotes
the velocity and a denotes the acceleration, then
v

dx
dt

v a dt

dv d 2 x

dt dt 2

x v dt

Exercise:
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