Direct Digital Control

TAC Pacific Technical
Training
Course: 2003AP TAC I/NET Seven

BMS Programming
Reference Manual
Section 3 Direct Digital Control
DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL
TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

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CONTENTS
Page
3-3
INPUT and OUTPUTs
3-4
DDC MODULES
3-6
Two Position
DDC APPLICATIONS
3-7
PID
3 - 10
Floating
3 - 17
Reset
3 - 23
HiLo
3 - 26
Relay
3 - 28
Air Handling Unit
3 - 31
Fan Coil Unit
3 - 36
MICRO REGULATORS
3 40
Configuration
3 - 40
MR Parameters
3 - 42
I/STAT LED Functions
3 - 45
STR-250 Functions
3 - 47
Hardware Coefficients
3 - 49
Stand Alone ATS
3 - 52
Direct Digital Control
3 - 54
Micro Regulator Editors
3 - 57

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Direct Digital Control

Reference: I/NET SEVEN, System Operator Guide, Direct Digital
Control.
I/NET SEVEN, Technical Reference Guide Direct
Digital Control.
I/NET offers you microprocessor based Direct Digital Control (DDC).

This control program measures a variable, compares the measured
variable against a desired value to determine an error, processes the
error according to a specific software algorithm, and produces an
output that modifies the controlled variable.
DDC is many things. It may be something as simple as measuring an
input temperature, comparing the temperature against the defined set
point, determining the difference between the input and the set point
temperatures, and determining if that difference is positive or
negative. The system then issues the appropriate command to bring
the input temperature in line with the set point.
DDC also operates at a more complex level.
It can take into
consideration such factors as the magnitude of an error change since
the last time the point was sampled. It can also determine the speed
at which the error is increasing or decreasing and make corrections as
appropriate.
This is an example of proportional, integral, and
derivative (PID) control. PID is just one of the module types available
with I/NET.
There is an unfortunate tendency to interchange the terms DDC and
PID. The two are not synonymous. All electronic PID control is DDC;
however, not all DDC is PID control.
I/NET gives you a powerful, yet easy-to-use, DDC system. I/NET DDC
emulates pneumatic control devices using an on-line module editor.
You dont need to be a technical wizard to use DDC and you dont
need any special training or retraining before you add or modify your
DDC control strategy.

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Input and Output Designations

DDC module inputs are referred to as set points or process variables.
Outputs are referred to as control outputs. I/NET requires that all
DDC inputs be defined as points, lines, or constants. Outputs can be
defined as either lines or points.
Points
Points can be used as inputs to DDC modules when the input is the
result of a calculation (internal point), the state/value sensed by an
external point, or the state/value of a point controlled by the operator.
Points can also receive module output when you want an action to
occur as the result of a DDC module algorithm. Define module inputs
and outputs as points by entering either the point name or the point
address.
Lines
It is often desirable, or necessary, to chain several DDC modules
together in a cascade of control. This requires some way of making
the output of one module available to other modules.
This is
accomplished with lines. These lines can transmit analogue or
discrete
data.
Lines are equivalent to pneumatic tubing
interconnecting pneumatic control devices and generally follow the
same rules:
Only one module should output to a specific line number.
When possible, assign the same number to a module
and the line to which it is delivering its output. This
eliminates confusion as to which line belongs with which
module and vice versa.
On the other hand, a specific line can act as an input to as
many modules as is necessary.
Note: The HiLo and Floating module types have two outputs. When you
assign a line number to the first output of one of these modules, we
recommend that you leave the next available DDC module number
blank thus allowing you to use it's number if and when you add the
second output to avoid future confusion.

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Constants
Constants are values or state conditions that never change. They
remain constant. You can enter a constant as a value (22 degrees) or
a state (0 or 1). A constant may be used as a DDC module input;
however, a constant may not be used as an output of a module. A
constant output from a DDC module would make the module
unnecessary.
THIS POINT REFLECTS

THE TIME SCHEDULE
POINT.
CALCULATION
0000 AI
RETURN AIR TEMP
0001 DI
AHU ENABLE
1000 AO
AHU SETPOINT
ON = LOGIC '1'
1
AHU ON
10 Secs
110
2
AHU H/C
8%=4Deg
300
0
DIRECT
0 - 100
3
HEATING
0 - 45%
100 - 0%
3100 AO
AHU HEAT VALVE
4
COOLING
55 - 100%
0 - 100%
0 - 100 %

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3101 AO
AHU COOL VALVE
0 - 100 %
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DDC Modules
I/NET carries out direct digital control through a series of modules.
Module parameters are explained later in this document. Each module
has its own algorithm. With a basic understanding of control theory
and application, these algorithms are easy to understand and apply.
Technically, there are seven types of DDC modules; however, no onecontroller type provides all seven module types. The seven DDC
module types are:
Two-position
PID
Floating
Reset
HiLo (not available in MRs)

Relay
Calculation (MRs only)
The DCUs and PCUs provide all but the Calculation module. Micro
Regulator (MR) controllers provide all but the HiLo module.
Application Specific Controllers (ASCs) provide all but the HiLo Module.
UCs provides variations of the PID and Floating modules.
Each module type has its own data entry screen where you define
parameters such as inputs, algorithm modifiers, and output
destinations.
These data entry screens are described in the I/NET System,
System Operator Guide, Direct Digital Control".

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Two-Position Module (2-Pos)

The Two-position module is similar to an electric thermostat but
responds much more precisely and predictably.
This module
compares input and set point values and provides an ON/OFF output
signal to a DO/DC point or line. This type of control is commonly used
for simple heating or cooling systems, starting and stopping motors,
controlling water sprays for humidification, etc. The parameters for
the Two-position module are listed below.
Module Name
A name used to describe the module. This name can be up to
eight alphanumeric characters.
Sample Interval (sec)
A number between 1 and 255 that represents the number of
seconds between module outputs.
Set point
The desired value of the input point being controlled. Typically
this is the desired room temperature or something similar. A
line, point, or constant may represent it.

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Set point Offset
You may want to utilise set point offset if you have defined your
set point as a line or point. Set point offsets are useful when
you want cascaded control. That is, you have several modules
that share a common set point (line or point) which need to be
staggered in their operating range.
Input (process variable)
The input for the module. The point, line, or constant that
represents the value of the process being controlled (air
temperature, water pressure, etc.).
Input Filter
This option lets you average up to five previous input values with
the current input value to reduce the impact of rapidly changing
inputs. All DCUs/PCUs and MRs use a Yes or No setting, rather
than a value, for the input filter parameter. These devices
automatically average the last five inputs with the current input
if their input filter parameter is set to Yes.
Input Low Limit
This parameter defines the lower limit of the set point (not the
process variable input). The module declares the set point no
longer valid if the set point value drops below the input low limit.
If the set point drops below the input low limit, the module
immediately declares a bad input and, depending on the
applicable module, the following action occurs:
The Two-position module outputs the fail-safe Command
State (Off or On, see Fail-safe Command below).
Input High Limit
This parameter defines the upper limit of the set point (not the
process variable input). The module declares the set point no
longer valid if the set point value rises above the input high limit.
If the set point value exceeds the input high limit, the module
immediately declares a bad input and, depending on the
applicable module, the following action occurs:
The Two-position module outputs the fail-safe Command
State (Off or On, see Fail-safe Command below).
Output
You can direct the output of the module to a line or point.

Select a line if the output is used by another DDC module.
Select a point if the output is used to initiate an event
sequence, to provide intermediate control, or to directly control
an action.

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Fail-safe Command
The action executed when the input or set point is no longer
valid. Use this option to plan system response to a set point or
sensor failure. Acceptable settings are Off or On.
Note:
When selecting "Off" the 2 position module will output a logic

"0" when fail-safe is activated.
When selecting "On" the 2 position module will output a logic
"1" when fail-safe is activated.
The fail-safe command is executed if the set point exceeds the
input high or input low limits or if the process variable input
exceeds its sensor limits as defined in the resident I/O points
editor.
Differential
The degree of precision for this module. Differential is the range
of process variable that causes the output to switch from 'On' to
'Off'.
Mode
The mode you select determines what happens when the input is
higher or lower than the set point.
Direct:
The two position module issues a logic '0'
command to the output point or line if the input rises
above the set point plus one half the differential. The
module issues a logic '1' command to the output point or
line if the input falls below the set point minus one half the
differential.
Reverse:
The two position module issues a logic '1'
command to the output point or line if the input rises
above the set point plus one half the differential. The
module issues a logic '0' command to the output point or
line if the input falls below the set point minus one half the
differential.

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Proportional, Integral, Derivative Module (PID)

The terms proportional, integral and derivative describe the output
response of a module based on a varying set of conditions occurring
by the process variable. Each of the three elements of PID has a
distinctive purpose:
Proportional: This element can best be described as coarse

control, which provides a rapid response to an error (i.e.,
the difference between the set point and the process
variable). All proportional control has an inherent flaw
called offset, which simply means that it will always
control at a point above or below set point.
Integral: The integral element of PID can best as fine tuning
proportional control. It produces an effect that is designed
to reduce the offset (inherent to proportional control) to
zero.
Derivative:
A lead adjustment which produces an output
preceding the proportional output based on the rate of
change in the error signal. Derivative control reduces
upsets due to sudden load changes, which rarely occur in
air conditioning control.
The PID module is commonly used for the control valves, vanes or
modulating motors where an analogue is used. This module compares
the current input and set point to determine the current error.
Proportional, Integral, and Derivative corrections to an analogue
output point can then be made depending on the magnitude and
direction of this error. The parameters for the PID module are listed
below.

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Module Name
Set point
Set point Offset

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Input Filter
Input Low Limit
This parameter has two (2) functions. In the first function this
parameter defines the lower limit of the modules set point (not
the process variable input). The module declares the set point
no longer valid if the set point value drops below the input low
limit. If the set point drops below the input low limit, the
module immediately declares a bad input and, depending on
the applicable module, the following action occurs:
The PID module outputs the control point value, unless
operating in P only mode. In P only mode, the PID module
clamps the output to either the output high limit or the
output low limit, depending on the actuator mode setting.
The Input Low Limits second function defines the PIDs Input
Low Limit when calculating Proportional Band (PB).
See
Proportional Band page 3 - 13.
Input High Limit
parameter defines the upper limit of the modules set point (not
no longer valid if the set point value rises above the input high
limit. If the set point value exceeds the input high limit, the
the applicable module, one of the following actions occur:
The PID module outputs the control point value, unless
operating in P only mode. In P-only mode, the PID module
clamps the output to either the output high limit or the
output low limit, depending on the actuator mode setting.

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The Input High Limits second function defines the PIDs Input
High Limit when calculating Proportional Band (PB).
See
Output

an action.
Output Ramp Limit (percent)

The output ramp limit is a value (percent) between 0 and 100
used to define the magnitude of the largest change in output you
want the system to issue between samples.
Output Low Limit
The output low limit defines the minimum output value. The
default is zero because the output of the module is typically in
percent. For example, you could use this parameter to limit
travel in a valve or damper actuator.
Output High Limit
The output high limit defines the maximum output value. The
default is 100 because the module output is typically in percent.
For example, you could use this parameter to limit travel in a
valve or damper actuator.
Control Point (Fail-safe)
This is a number between 0 and 100 percent. The default is 50
percent. This parameter value is output from the PID module
under the following conditions:
The process variable is the same as the set point, P-only
Mode of Operation.
The set point exceeds the modules input high or low limit
parameters.
The input point (input to the module) exceeds its sensor
high or low limit you specified when you defined the AI
point in the Resident I/O editor.
Proportional Band (percent)
In DCUs and PCUs, this is the percent of the input range (the
range between the modules Input High Limit and Input Low
Limit) that the input value must change in order to change the
output from zero to 100 percent.

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In DCUs and PCUs, proportional band is defined by the following
equation:
x
100
Proportional Band in engineering units (C)
Range between the high and low sensor limits
1
Reset Interval (seconds)
Use this function to eliminate a persistent error that is not of
sufficient magnitude (as measured at the specified sample
interval) to create a change in the output. This error called
offset.
Actuator Mode
This parameter defines the response of the PID module.
Direct: If you select this mode, the PID module increases
its output if the input rises. The PID module decreases its
output value if the input falls.
Reverse:
If you select this mode, the PID module
decreases its output if the input rises. The PID module
increases its output value if the input falls.
Rate Interval (seconds)
This is the rate portion of the PID or Floating module algorithm.
Enter a number between 0 and 3,600 for the rate interval. The
default is zero seconds. Use this function to compensate for
large input changes by comparing the direction and magnitude of
the error between samples and correcting the output
accordingly.
Adaptive Control
This tuning parameter is available in the PID and Floating
modules of DCUs and PCUs; it is not available in MRs, UCs, and
ASCs.
This parameter defines the point address or name of the discrete
point that will be used to enable/disable adaptive control.
Adaptive control is enabled/disabled by the state of the specified
discrete point (disabled = 0 and enabled = 1).
Maximum Bump (percent)
ASCs.
A number between 0 and 100 percent. The default is 5 percent.
This parameter determines the size of the PID or Floating output
step change for automatic tuning in reference to the module
control point (PID) or mid-scale position (Float). The bump
should be large enough to cause a change in the input (process
variable) that is greater than the noise band, but not so large as
to damage the controlled equipment. The typical range is 5 to 25
percent.

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Settling Time (seconds)
ASCs.
The settling time can be between 10 and 1,800 seconds. The
default is 120 seconds. This parameter is an estimate of the
time it takes for the input (process variable) to settle down after
a set point change. It is used for automatic and adaptive tuning
as the minimum time interval between a process disturbance
and the next action. For automatic tuning, it is the time interval
between setting the output to either the control point (PID) or to
mid-scale (Floating) and the beginning of the tuning cycle. For
adaptive tuning, it is the minimum time that will be observed
between parameter calculations.
You can best estimate the settling time by observing the input
settling time after a natural process disturbance. To do this, you
measure the time interval from the point of the disturbance to a
point where the effects of the disturbance are negligible. The
typical range is between 30 and 150 seconds.
Maximum Overshoot (percent)
ASCs.
This parameter is a number between 0 and 100 percent. The
default is 10 percent.
This parameter, along with target
damping (described below), controls the shape of the initial
output response to a process disturbance. The magnitude of the
module response is a qualitative measure of the controller. The
typical range for this parameter is between 10 and 50 percent.
Target Damping (percent)
ASCs.
Target damping can be set to a value between 1 and 75 percent.
This parameter represents the desired reduction in the process
variable overshoot from the first overshoot (maximum
overshoot) to the second, and so on. A value of 25 percent
means the second over-shoot magnitude should be 25 percent of
the first. The recommended value for this parameter is the
default: 25.

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Noise Band (percent)
ASCs.
Noise band can be set to a value between 0 and 100 percent.
The default is 2 percent.
This parameter, specified as a
percentage of the input range, is the minimum process variable
change that initiates an adaptive calculation of the module
parameters (provided the Adaptive Control discrete point
described above is equal to one). Because adaptive tuning
attempts to reshape the process variable response after every
such change, it is important to make the noise band big enough
to prevent inadvertent unnecessary tuning. The typical range is
between 2 and 10 percent.

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Floating Module (FLOAT)

The Floating module operates much like the PID module, described
above. The operation of the algorithm is the same and the entries,
which modify the proportional band, reset interval, and rate interval,
are identical. The difference between the two modules lies in the
outputs to the final control element.
The PID module has inherent positional feedback (i.e., the module
always knows where the output is). The output of the PID module is
always a percentage of the full-scale output. The output of the
Floating module is directed to two separate DO points as an increase
command and a decrease command. The module does not know the
exact position of the controlled valve or damper and assumes that the
controlled device was driven to the correct position. You need this
module and its outputs when a bi-directional motor controls the final
control element (valve, damper, etc.).
The parameters for the
Floating module are listed below.

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Module Name
Set point
Set point Offset
Input Filter
Input Low Limit
parameter defines the lower limit of the modules set point (not
no longer valid if the set point value drops below the input low
limit. If the set point drops below the input low limit, the
the applicable module, the following action occurs:
The Floating module stops any pulse outputs.
The Input Low Limits second function defines the PIDs Input
Low Limit when calculating Proportional Band (PB).
See

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Input High Limit
parameter defines the upper limit of the modules set point (not
no longer valid if the set point value rises above the input high
limit. If the set point value exceeds the input high limit, the
the applicable module, one of the following actions occur:
The Floating module stops any pulse outputs.
The Input High Limits second function defines the PIDs Input
High Limit when calculating Proportional Band (PB).
See
Output (Increase)
In a DCU or PCU, you may use a line or a DO point for this
parameter. In a MR or ASC, only a DO point (not a line) can be
used as the output. In the UC, the user simply enters the
hardware bit (0 7) to be controlled by the UC Floating
extension.
The Floating module issues timed pulse outputs to rotate a bidirectional motor. This parameter directs a timed pulse to
increase the output. This results in a specific action, such as the
opening of a valve.
Output (Decrease)
In a DCU or PCU, you may use a line or a DO point for this
parameter. In a MR or ASC, only a DO point (not a line) can be
used as the output. In the UC, the user simply enters the
hardware bit (0 7) to be controlled by the UC Floating
extension.
This parameter reverses the activity instigated by the output
increase, described above. For example, if the increase pulse
opens a valve, the decrease pulse closes a valve.
Throttling Range (seconds)
This parameter defines the number of seconds it takes for the
actuator to move from being fully open to fully closed and vice
versa. This time becomes the maximum increase/decrease pulse
duration time. For the Floating module, enter a number between
0 and 255. The default is zero.

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Turn-Around (seconds)
This parameter defines the number of seconds it takes to
complete a reversal in the bi-directional motor rotation (i.e.,
changing from clockwise to counter-clockwise or visa versa).
Enter a number between 0 and 255 for this parameter. The
default is zero.
Note: Most actuator manufacturers do not give this parameter
within the actuators technical data. A setting of 0 seconds
could be used.
Proportional Band (percent)
In DCUs and PCUs, this is the percent of the input range (the
range between the modules Input High Limit and Input Low
Limit) that the input value must change in order to change the
output from zero to 100 percent.
In DCUs and PCUs, proportional band is defined by the following
equation:
x
100
Proportional Band in engineering units (C)
Range between the high and low sensor limits
1
Reset Interval (seconds)
Use this function to eliminate a persistent error that is not of
sufficient magnitude (as measured at the specified sample
interval) to create a change in the output. This error called
offset. This is the rate portion of the PID or Floating module
algorithm. Enter a number between 0 and 3,600 for the rate
interval. The default is zero seconds. Use this function to
compensate for large input changes by comparing the direction
and magnitude of the error between samples and correcting the
output accordingly.
Actuator Mode
This parameter defines the response of the PID or Floating
module.
Direct: If you select this mode, Floating module issues an
increase pulse if the input rises. The Floating module
issues a decrease pulse if the input falls.
Reverse: If you select this mode, the Floating module
issues a decrease pulse if the input rises. The Floating
module issues an increase pulse if the input falls.
Adaptive Control
ASCs.
This parameter defines the point address or name of the discrete
point that will be used to enable/disable adaptive control.
Adaptive control is enabled/disabled by the state of the specified
discrete point (disabled = 0 and enabled = 1).

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Maximum Bump (percent)
ASCs.
A number between 0 and 100 percent. The default is 5 percent.
This parameter determines the size of the PID or Floating output
step change for automatic tuning in reference to the module
control point (PID) or mid-scale position (Float). The bump
should be large enough to cause a change in the input (process
variable) that is greater than the noise band, but not so large as
to damage the controlled equipment. The typical range is 5 to 25
percent.
Settling Time (seconds)
ASCs. The settling time can be between 10 and 1,800 seconds.
The default is 120 seconds. This parameter is an estimate of the
time it takes for the input (process variable) to settle down after
a set point change. It is used for automatic and adaptive tuning
as the minimum time interval between a process disturbance
and the next action. For automatic tuning, it is the time interval
between setting the output to either the control point (PID) or to
mid-scale (Floating) and the beginning of the tuning cycle. For
adaptive tuning, it is the minimum time that will be observed
between parameter calculations.
You can best estimate the settling time by observing the input
settling time after a natural process disturbance. To do this, you
measure the time interval from the point of the disturbance to a
point where the effects of the disturbance are negligible. The
typical range is between 30 and 150 seconds.
Maximum Overshoot (percent)
ASCs.
This parameter is a number between 0 and 100 percent. The
default is 10 percent.
This parameter, along with target
damping (described below), controls the shape of the initial
output response to a process disturbance. The magnitude of the
module response is a qualitative measure of the controller. The
typical range for this parameter is
Target Damping (percent)
ASCs between 10 and 50 percent. Target damping can be set to
a value between 1 and 75 percent.

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This parameter represents the desired reduction in the process
variable overshoot from the first overshoot (maximum
overshoot) to the second, and so on. A value of 25 percent
means the second over-shoot magnitude should be 25 percent of
the first. The recommended value for this parameter is the
default: 25.
Noise Band (percent)
ASCs.
Noise band can be set to a value between 0 and 100 percent.
The default is 2 percent.
This parameter, specified as a
percentage of the input range, is the minimum process variable
change that initiates an adaptive calculation of the module
parameters (provided the Adaptive Control discrete point
described above is equal to one). Because adaptive tuning
attempts to reshape the process variable response after every
such change, it is important to make the noise band big enough
to prevent inadvertent unnecessary tuning. The typical range is
between 2 and 10 percent.

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Reset Module (RESET)

The reset module produces a primary reset schedule and modifies the
results of that schedule based upon a secondary input. The output of
this module typically provides a set point to another module and
generally does not directly control an output point. The Reset module
is typically used to reset the set point of a controlling module (Twoposition, PID, Floating) based on one or two measured inputs. This
increases the rate of space temperature modification but does not
improve control capability.
This reset function is probably familiar to control engineers as the
technique used to reset the set point of a boiler according to outside
air temperature. As the outside temperature drops, the temperature
of the water must increase to maintain the desired temperature in the
spaces served by the boiler (the heating load increases). The two
temperatures are inversely proportional to each other. This function
has been used for decades in pneumatic control systems and is a valid
concept.
Reset control is also used to reset the discharge temperature of an
HVAC unit based on the space temperature.
The parameters for the Reset module are listed below
Module Name

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Primary Input
Select a line, point, or constant for this parameter. It can also
be a line that is output from another module, or a constant. In a
MR or ASC resident module, only a line or point can be specified
a constant cannot be used.
Primary Inputs 1 and 2
These input values, in engineering units of the primary sensed
variable, are the major factor in determining the primary output.
These entries are the minimum and maximum values over which
we wish to reset the primary output.
Primary Outputs 1 and 2
These two values define the module output in conjunction with
the primary inputs. These entries determine the minimum and
maximum outputs at the primary input values.
Note: At primary input 1, the module outputs the value entered as
primary output 1; the same occurs with primary input 2 and
primary output 2.
This lets you define either a directly
proportional reset schedule or an inversely proportional reset
schedule.
Secondary Input
Select a line, point, or constant for this parameter. This input
secondarily resets the output from the module. In a MR- or
ASC-resident module, only a line or point can be specified a
constant cannot be used.
Secondary Inputs 1 and 2
These input values, in engineering units of the secondary
measured variable, provide a second modifier for the module
output.
Secondary Outputs 1 and 2
These output values, in engineering units of the controlled
variable, offset the set point derived by the primary input/output
schedule. In short the resultant of the secondary function is
added to the resultant of the primary function and then sent to
the output.
NOTE:
When using both the primary input and the secondary

input, the resultant of the primary and secondary
schedules are 'added' and sent to the output.

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Output

an action.
Output Low Limit

The output low limit defines the minimum output value. The
default is zero because the output of the module is typically in
percent. For example, you could use this parameter to limit
travel in a valve or damper actuator.
Output High Limit
The output high limit defines the maximum output value. The
default is 100 because the module output is typically in percent.
For example, you could use this parameter to limit travel in a
valve or damper actuator.

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HiLo Module (HiLo)

The HiLo module provides a convenient means to extract the highest
and/or lowest discrete state or value from among several discrete
states or values. You can also accomplish this with the High and Low
Operator calculations in the DCU/PCU. This module is not available in
MRs or ASCs; instead the Calculation module can be used.
Note:
The HiLo module will deselect any point that is in old data and
happily process the remaining valid inputs. The High or Low functions
within the calculation editor will not deselect any point that is in old
data.
The HiLo module is commonly used to derive the highest space
temperature needed to reset an air handling unit (AHU) cold deck
discharge set point, and to select the lowest space temperature
needed to reset an AHU hot deck discharge set point.
The module is capable of providing both the high signal output and the
low signal output simultaneously, if desired, making it unnecessary to
use an additional module.
The parameters for the HiLo module are listed below.
Module Name

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HiLo Module (HiLo)

Input #1 - 4
A line, point, or constant. Each of the four inputs is normally the
same type (analogue or discrete). Mixing of discrete states and
analogue values is typically not done.
Low Signal Out
This parameter directs the minimum output value or logic level
to either a line or a point. The HiLo module is capable of
providing the high signal output and low signal output
simultaneously.
High Signal Out
This parameter directs the maximum output value or logic level
to either a line or a point. The HiLo module is capable of
providing the high signal output and low signal output
simultaneously.

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Relay Module (RELAY)

The Relay module performs multiple functions as part of overall I/NET
DDC capabilities. As you become more familiar with I/NET you will
discover many uses for the Relay module.
In its simplest form, this module is similar to a single-pole doublethrow relay. It has an input which acts as a coil (DI Select), a
normally closed port (DI = 0 input), a normally open port (DI = 1
input), and a common Output.
When used as a traditional relay, the module passes the state/value
from the DI = 0 port to the common output when the DI Select (coil)
value is 0. When the DI Select (coil) is 1, the module passes the
state/value of the DI = 1 port to the output.
This module can also function as an interval time delay relay (INT), as
a delay-before-break relay (DBB), or as a delay-before-make relay
(DBM).
The parameters for the Relay module are listed
Module Name

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DI Select
This input can be a line or a point. If you select a point you
must use a DO, DI, DC, or DA point type. If you select a line it
must carry a discrete state (0 or 1) rather than an analogue
value. This parameter is comparable to a relay coil. If the state
of the line or point entered here is a 1, the relay module is
energised and the module passes the state/value entering at
the DI = 1 port. When the Relay module is deenergised, the
DI = 0 state/value is passed to the module output.
DI = 0 Input
This is the state/value passed to the output by the Relay module
when the discrete input (see above) is 0. Select a line, point, or
a constant.
DI = 1 Input
This is the state/value passed to the output by the Relay module
when the discrete input (see above) is 1. Select a line, point, or
a constant.
Time Delay (seconds)
This parameter defines the number of seconds for the interval
timer, delay-before-break, and delay-before-make relays. Enter
a number between 0 and 86,400 seconds (24 hours). The
default is zero seconds. Time delays are not used by the
standard relay.
Relay Types
Standard: This is the default relay type. Its transition is
completed based upon the sample interval.
Delay Before Make: This relay type delays the output of the
DI = 1 state/value following a transition of the discrete
input from 0 to 1. The duration of the delay is defined by
the time delay parameter. The time delay only affects the
output of the DI = 1 state/value. When the discrete input
transitions from 1 back to 0, the relay immediately directs
the DI = 0 state/value to the module output.
Delay Before Break: This relay type delays the output of the
DI = 0 state/value following a transition of the discrete
input from 1 to 0. The duration of the delay is defined by
the time delay parameter. The time delay only affects the
output of the DI = 0 state/value. When the discrete input
transitions from 0 to 1, the relay immediately directs the
DI = 1 state/value to the module output.

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Interval Timer: This relay type sustains the output of the DI =

1 state/value for a specified duration following a transition
of the discrete input from 0 to 1. The DI = 1 state/value is
directed to the module output for a duration defined by the
time delay parameter. When the time delay expires, the
output automatically reverts back to the state/value of the
DI = 0 input, regardless of the discrete input state.

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DDC APPLICATIONS
DDC Modules
Knowing the DDC modules is not enough. You will need to experiment
and design programmes utilising the different DDC modules and
calculations. For its only by use that you will become familiar and
through experience, competence. Such is the nature of all things in
life.
The following is an example;
The first step is to define a functional specification using all the
available information (specification, site inspection, sales data etc.).
Air Handling Unit
Functional Specification:
The air-handling unit is started by a time schedule, Monday to
Fridays between 08:00 and 18:00 hours.
Thirty (30) seconds after the fan has started the heating valve
and cooling valve controls are allowed to operate to maintain
conditions.
The room temperature will be controlled at a set point of 22C by
the DDC controller. The set point is to be accessible to the BMS
operator who will be able to alter the set point between 18C and
26C. On the event of a set point alteration, a message is to be
printed on the event printer, indicating the time; date and who
carried out the alteration.
On the event that the fan is scheduled to off, both the heating
valve and the cooling valve will close.
The next step

external point
completed, the
while you enter
is to design the DDC flow chart and to define the

list (addresses).
After the points list has been
system installers can use it to install the equipment
and test the programme off site.
Finally the DDC is entered into the DDC controller on site, tested and
commissioned.

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DDC APPLICATIONS
Control Diagram
The following is an Air Handling Units control diagram of heating and

cooling valves as controlled by a DDC controller.
24
ZONE
TEMPERA TURE
SETPOINT 22
20
0%
0%
OPEN
100 %
100%
50%
45%
100%
55%
OPEN
HEA TING V A LV E
CLOSED
0%
0%

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COOLING V A LV E
100%
Page 3 - 32

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CSI Control Systems International
SAMPLE PID LOOP CONTROL

AIR HANDLING UNIT HEAT/COOL CONTROL ROUTINES
1000 AI
ROOM TEMP
1000 AO
AHU SETPOINT
0000 DO
AHU START
ON = LOGIC '1'
THIS POINT MAY BE UNDER

CONTROL OF A TIME SCHEDULE.
1
AHU ON
30 Secs
30 SECOND DELAY TO ALLOW AIR

FLOW TO STABILISE BEFORE ADDING
ANY ENERGY.
NOTE:
PROPORTIONAL BAND IS THE TEMPERATURE
RANGE FROM FULL HEATING TO FULL COOLING.
110
THE INPUT HIGH LIMIT SHOULD BE SET AT 100

THE OUTPUT HIGH LIMIT SHOULD BE SET AT 0.
IF THE INPUT OF A PID EXCEEDS THE HIGH OR
LOW LIMIT THEN THE PID W ILL IMMEDIATELY
DEFAULT TO THE CONTROL POINT (50%) THIS
FUNCTION SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT BY THE
PID MODULE'S LOW LIMIT AND THE PID
MODULE'S HIGH LIMIT IN THE RESIDENT POINT
EDITOR.
2
AHU H/C
RAMP
4%=4Deg
30
0
DIRECT
CONTROL
POINT
= 50 %
= 10 %
THE PROPORTIONAL BAND OF THE PID IS

EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE, NOT AS
DEGREES.
THEREFORE THE EQUATION TO W ORK OUT
THE PROPORTIONAL BAND IS AS FOLLOW S:
0 - 100 %
P.B. TEMPERATURE RANGE (4 degC)

(INPUT HIGH LIMIT - INPUT LOW LIMIT)
4
(100 - 0)
3
HEATING
0 - 45%
100 - 0%
3100 AO
AHU HEAT VALVE

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= 4%
4
COOLING
55 - 100%
0 - 100%
0 - 100 %
3101 AO
AHU COOL VALVE
Page 3 - 34
0 - 100 %
100
1
X 100
1

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DDC Modules
This example is a three speed Fan Coil Unit (FCU) with heating and a
cooling valve. The FCU is controlled by a MR-632.
Fan Coil Unit

Functional Specification:
The fan coil unit is started by a time schedule, Monday to Fridays
between 08:00 and 18:00 hours.
Ten (10) seconds after the fan has started, the heating valve
and cooling valve controls are allowed to operate to maintain
conditions.
The room temperature will be controlled at a set point of 22C by
the DDC controller. The set point is to be accessible to the BMS
operator who will be able to alter the set point between 18C and
26C. As the difference between the set point and the controlled
variable increases (error increases) the fan is to control from low
speed through to medium speed and finally too high speed.
On the event of a set point alteration, a message is to be printed
on the events printer, indicating the time; date and who carried
out the alteration.
On the event that the fan is scheduled to off, both the heating
valve and the cooling valve will close.
Once again the next step is to design the DDC flow chart and to define
the external point list (addresses). After the points list has been
completed, the system installers can use it to install the equipment
while you enter and test the programme off site.
Finally the DDC is entered into the DDC controller on site, tested and
commissioned.

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Control Diagram
The following is a Fan Coil Units control diagram of a heating valve,

cooling valves and fan speed as controlled by a DDC controller.
24
ZONE
TEMPERATURE
SETPOINT 22
20
0%
0%
OPEN
100 %
100%
50%
45%
100%
55%
OPEN
CLOSED
0%
0%
HEATING VALVE
COOLING VALVE
60%
100%
60%
FAN SPEED CONTROL
HIGH
HIGH
30%
30%
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
LOW

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FAN CO IL UNIT
0107 AI
I/S TAT ROOM TEM P

CSI Control Systems International
HEAT/COOL CONTROL ROUTINES

W ITH FAN SPEED CONTROL.
0108 AO
SE TPOINT
0105 DO
M ASTER POINT
18 - 26 degC
ON = LOGIC '1'
THIS POINT RES IDE AS AN

INTERNA L P OINT W ITHIN
THE M R. A N "ATS" TIM E
SCHEDULE M AY B E AS SIGNE D
TO IT.
1
FCU ON
10 Secs
CALCULA TION
M ODULE 11
HI VALVE VALUE
110
CALCULATION
2
FCU H/C
RAM P LIM IT
6 Deg
45
0
DIRECT
CALCULA TION
M ODULE 5
LOW REQUE ST
= 10%
ON = LOGIC '1'
CONTROL P OINT = 50%
CALCULATION
M ODULE 7
M E D RE QUEST
M ODULE 9
HIGH RE QUEST
ON = LOGIC '1'
ON = LOGIC '1'
0 - 100%
6
3
HE ATING
0 - 45%
100 - 0%
0103 AO
FCU HE AT VALVE
0 - 100 %

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0104 A O
FCU COOL VALVE
8
M ED FAN
0.5 SE C
LO FAN
0.5 SEC
4
COOLING
55 - 100%
0 - 100%
0 - 100 %
0100 DO
LOW FAN ON/OFF
Page 3 - 38
10
HI FAN
0.5 SEC
0
1
0101 DO
M ED FAN ON/OFF
0102 DO
HI FA N ON/OFF

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Micro Regulator Control

Reference: I/NET System, System Operator Guide Micro
Regulator Control
I/NET System, Technical Reference Guide Micro
Regulator Control
Micro Regulators (MRs) are small point count controllers that operate
on a sub-LAN connected to a Micro Regulator Interface (MRI), Micro
Controller Interface (MCI), or 7798 I/SITE LAN.
The MRI, MCI, or I/SITE LAN provide the communications gateway to
the I/NET controller LAN and support all of the standard DCU functions
typical of the model 7716 PCU. The 7792 MRI and the 7793 MCI
provide two communication channels (sub-LANs) for MRs. These
controllers will occupy a DCU station address for each sub-LAN
implemented.
The 7798 I/SITE LAN provides only a single
communication channel (sub-LAN) and will occupy a single DCU
address. Each sub-LAN will support up to 32 MRs of any type. The
sub-LANs of the MCI and the I/SITE LAN will also support Door
Controllers (7910A DPU, 7920 DPU, 7930 DIU, and 7940 DIO) mixed
with MRs. The sub-LANs of all three controllers (MRI, MCI, and I/SITE
LAN) also support ASCs mixed with MRs.
Micro Regulator Configuration
The MR Configuration editor, for use with the 7792 MRI, and the MCU
Configuration editor, for use with both the 7793 MCI and 7798 I/SITE
LAN, define which MRs are currently connected to the controller.
These editors indicate if the MR is successfully communicating over
the sub-LAN Primary channel, Secondary channel (not supported by
7792 MRI) or not at all.
These editors present all 32 MRs (single-channel) or 64 MRs (twochannel) for individual selection. If the MR is defined as Internal,
the controller does not attempt to transmit at that address. If the
entry is defined as MR, the controller expects the MR to successfully
communicate at the selected address.

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Defining MRs as Internal and using the off-line database editor
provides a convenient way to build databases for the MRs before they
are installed.
As the MRs are powered up and communications are established, you
can change the MR configuration type from Internal to MR for
those addresses that represent actual MR hardware. The system will
automatically download all points and modules to the MR when this
transition occurs, allowing for system control to begin.
When a station restore is performed on a MRI, MCI, or I/SITE LAN, all
of the programming information is downloaded to that controller. In
addition, the MRI, MCI, or I/SITE LAN further distributes information
to MRs you define as external. This allows the MRs to function in a
stand-alone mode if sub-LAN communications are severed between
the MRI, MCI, or I/SITE LAN and the MRs.
Because this transfer of information between the host (MRI, MCI, or
I/SITE LAN) and MRs can be rather lengthy, a Please Stand By
Message appears anytime you perform a station save or station
restore to a 7793 MCI, or 7798 I/SITE LAN.
Note: A MR must be specified as MR, a DPU must be specified as DPU,
and an ASC must be specified as ASC. Failure to do so will result in
communication problems to the sub-LAN device.
An asterisk (*) at the end of the Type column indicates that the MRI,
MCI, or I/SITE LAN cannot establish communications with the MR.
The asterisk disappears when successful communications are
established.
Note:
For the MCI and I/SITE LAN, closed-loop communication is
supported that enables primary and secondary path communications.
In the event of communications failures, one of three characters will
appear at the end of the Type column:
A 1 indicates normal communications from the channels
primary port.
A 2 indicates communications over the channels secondary
port due to a primary port communications failure.
A red asterisk (*) at the end of the Type column, it means that
there is a total communications failure with this MR.

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Creating the MRI Database
Database entries for each MR are made by connecting to a MRI, MCI,
or I/SITE LAN and then selecting the desired point or extension editor
from the main edit menu.
The MRI, MCI, or I/SITE LAN and MRs can use bit offset (BB)
addresses for hardware output points. This makes it possible for all
ten input and output points (00-09) to reside at the same point (PP)
address and allow an MRI, MCI, or I/SITE LAN with 32 MRs to occupy
only one station (SS) address. Remember that a point address is in
the form LLSSPPBB (link, station, point, and bit offset).
Note: Except for the MR160, bit offset addresses that are not used by the
MR may be used by the MRI/MCI as internal or indirect points. The
MR160 has no output point capability. Therefore, for this Micro
Regulator type, output point addresses may not be used as internal or
indirect points by the MRI/MCI.
For MRs and DPUs defined as Internal in the MCU Configuration
editor, bit offset addresses 00-09 can be defined as External, Internal,
or Indirect resident points. However, for MRs, DPUs, and ASCs
defined as MR, DPU, DIO, DIU, or ASC in the MCU
configuration editor, only Internal and External resident points should
be defined. Indirect resident points should not be used.
Note: The Minimum Trip and Minimum Close parameters are not used for
MR output commands. The editor lets you enter a value in these
fields; however, this information is not downloaded to the MR.
MR Parameters
This option only appears when you are connected to a 7792 MRI, 7793
MCI, or 7798 I/SITE LAN. These options let you define the hardwarespecific parameters for each MR on the sub-LAN.
Note: These parameters are not available with the MR160. Although this
editor can be accessed when connected to an MR160, attempts to
enter data into any of the fields will result in an MCU mem
overflow error message.

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The parameter's editor defines the points that will be controlled or
displayed locally with the I/STAT or M/STAT. Using this parameter
editor, the operator can establish the master device control point, the
call point, and the inactivity time-out intervals used by the I/STAT or
M/STAT, and the I/STAT or M/STAT password.
Note: the I/STAT or M/STAT (an intelligent thermostat connected to the

MR) uses the parameters in this edit screen. The I/STAT or M/STAT
controls and monitors points and devices connected to the MR.
These parameters are stored in the MRs NOVRAM. They can be
cleared parameters cannot be edited in the off-line database editor,
nor are they saved in the database save file. If a MR is replaced or
NOVRAM is cleared, the parameters must be entered manually.

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Field
Master Device
Control
Call Address
Inactivity
Time-outs
Password
Digits
Description
The point address or name of the point to be used
as the master device control point is entered here.
This point is either a DO or DC point. The Interval
field allows you to specify the time from 0 to 255
minutes that the interval timer will be turned on
when this point is activated through the On/Off
button on the I/STAT.
This address and point type defines the point that is
controlled on or off when you press the I/STATs Call
button. This point may be a DO or DC point.
The I/STAT and M/STAT use two inactivity time-outs
to exit from the Service function or return to the
Home LED display when in the normal mode. The
timer starts counting down from the time the last
button is pressed.
For both the Escape from
Service and Return to Home LED time-out
intervals enter a duration of 0 255 seconds.
The I/STAT or M/STAT has built in security in the
form of a three-digit numeric password.
The
password restricts access to the Service function on
the I/STAT or M/STAT (the ability to make
calibration, point, and parameter changes through
the I/STAT or M/STAT).
Enter the three digit
numeric password for the I/STAT or M/STAT in this
field.

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LED Functions
There are four LEDs on the I/STAT or M/STAT. Any of the four LEDs
may be designated as the Home LED. Using the select keys, each of
the four point addresses associated with the LEDs may be selected for
viewing. The I/STAT or M/STAT will return the display to the selected
Home LED after the Return to Home LED inactivity time-out expires.
LED 1 allows you to enter a master set point address as the Base
address and a local set point address as the Adjust address. Both the
Base address and the Adjust address must be local to the same MR
(they must have the same PP portion defined in their address). This
allows you to locally make changes to a common system set point
from the I/STAT or M/STAT using the Change +/ keys and display
the newly adjusted set point value at the I/STAT or M/STAT. The
displayed value is a summation of the Base (common) address value
and the Adjust (local) address value.
The Adjust (local) address must be an AO point so that changes may
be made through the I/STAT or M/STAT. The Base address may be an
AI or AO point. Both points may be external or internal points.
If the Base address master set point is received from another address
external to the MR, you must attach a calculation extension to the
base address (i.e. P0 = Master Set point) in the MRI/MCI.
Note: Without a Base address defined; only the value of the Adjust
address will display through the I/STAT or M/STAT. If the Adjust
address is not defined, then no value will display through the I/STAT
or M/STAT.
If the displayed value of the Adjust address and Base address is
needed for other applications, you must create a separate calculation
module that sums the two point address values and outputs the result
of the calculation to another internal AO point or line.
Depending upon the point type being displayed, certain parameters
can be defined for each LED.
AI no parameters allowed. This point type is display only on
the I/STAT or M/STAT.
AO there are three parameters that this point type supports:
Increment the value by which the analogue output
value is changed each time a Change arrow button is
pressed on the I/STAT or M/STAT.
Low the lowest value to which the point may be
adjusted.
High the highest value to which the point may be
adjusted.

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DO/DC/DI/DM/DA these point types support up to 2 I/STAT
state descriptions. Each I/STAT state description may be 3
characters long. Any alphanumeric character that can be displayed
on a 7-segment display can be defined in the 3- character I/STAT
state description.
Note: The following characters do not map to the 7-segment display on
the I/STAT or M/STAT, and therefore cannot be used in the I/STAT
state descriptions: K, M, Q, R, T, V, W, X, Y, and Z.
Hardware Coefficients
The Span field offers a normal span and narrow span. The normal
span allows the full range of the 05VDC or 010 VDC to be used.
The narrow span allows a 24VDC range to be used on 05VDC
inputs, and a 48VDC range to be used on 010VDC inputs.

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Micro Regulator Control - Use with STR 250

The STR250 replaces the I/STAT LCD with regard to major functionality
such as indoor and outdoor temperature indication, set point adjustment,
bypass mode and fan speed commands.
The STR250 can be used with the 7728, MRs, and Xenta 102-AX controllers.
1. Increase Button
The increase button is used to increase the temperature set point.
2. Decrease Button
The decrease button is used to decrease the temperature set point. If the
room temperature is being displayed when a button is pushed for the first
time, the current effective set point will be displayed. A second push will
change the value.
3. Select Button
The Select button is used to step through the menu LED Functions 1
through to 4.
4. Bypass Button
The bypass button is used to change the Manual Control device point
described previously.
Controller Dependant
The functions of the STR250 are controller dependent.
configurations are carried out using an M/STAT module.

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All
local
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Adjusting the Room Temperature

Use the Select button to step through the menu until the Increase and
Decrease arrows are displayed. In this mode, change the temperature set
point using the Increase/Decrease buttons.
Configuration of this is
identical to with the I/STAT.
Monitoring the Temperature
Use the Select button to step through the menu items allocated through
the LED Functions 1 to 4. The default STR display settings are as follows:
LED
LED
LED
LED
Function
Function
Function
Function
1:
2:
3:
4:
Set Point
Fan Control
Indoor Temperature
Outdoor Temperature
Example shown below:
Adjusting the Fan Speed

Use the Select button to step through the menu until the fan symbol is
displayed. If the fan is controllable, use the Increase/Decrease buttons.
Note: The Call Button is not associated with any of the 4 buttons
described above.

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These conversion parameters set the FM (factory slope) and FB

(factory offset) conversion coefficients in the MR. The m value can
vary between 0 and 1.9997, and the b value can vary between -127
and 127. These parameters are primarily used by TAC for
factory-made adjustments.
NOTE: The end-user should avoid altering these hardware coefficient
settings.
Lookup Tables
MR88, MR632, MR160, and MR88R Lookup Tables
Micro Regulator Models MR88, MR632, MR160, and MR88R provide
four lookup tables to accurately translate the non-linear characteristics
of thermistors. These are designated LUT #1 Normal, LUT #1 Narrow,
LUT #2 Normal, and LUT #2 Narrow.
Note: There are several variations of curves, dissipation characteristics,
and accuracy's available for 10K ohm thermistors not all 10K-ohm
thermistors are alike. Thermistor characteristics must correspond to
Dale part # IM1002-C3 (Dale curve #1) to be used with the MR
family.
The MR range has built in lookup tables to cater for the 10K-ohm TAC
(Dale) Thermistor. The lookup table selection and the appropriate
conversion coefficient must be used to enable accurate sensor
readings.
The lookup tables translate the thermistor-controlled
voltage directly to temperature in degrees centigrade with a 100
positive bias to permit readings below zero.

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The lookup table entries are defined by the equation 100 (C + 100).
The output from the lookup table is used with the user-defined m and
b conversion coefficients to create the engineering unit value. The
typical M and B coefficients are as follows:
I/STAT sensor:
on I/STAT port.
degC
m = 0.0100 b = -100
Lookup Table = 1
10K ohm Thermistors:
degC
m = 0.0100 b = -100
Lookup Table = 2
When connecting a 10K-ohm thermistor to the I/STAT input on any

MR, you should specify the database point to use Lookup Table 1.
Table number 1 accounts for an elevated self-heating error that is a
function of the I/STAT communications interface.
A separate pair (normal and narrow) of Lookup tables defined as
Lookup Table 2, is provided in the MR firmware to support
accommodation of thermistors on the other universal inputs of the MR.
The factory-defined lookup tables takes into consideration the normal
versus narrow span selection and no change to the conversion
coefficients is required. There is actually a Normal Table number 1 and
2 and a Narrow Table number 1 and 2.

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MR55X Lookup Tables
The MR55X provides two Lookup tables (Table 1 Normal and Table 2
Normal) to accurately translate the non-linear characteristics of
thermistors, and one Lookup table (Table 3) to translate the
characteristics of the on-board CFM velocity sensor. These lookup
tables are not the same as the lookup tables in the other MRs,
because of the different temperature span.
Note: There are several variations of curves, dissipation characteristics,
and accuracys available for 10K ohm thermistors not all 10K
thermistors are alike. Thermistor characteristics must correspond to
Dale part # IM1002-C3 (Dale curve #1) to be used with the MR
family.
The lookup tables translate the thermistor-controlled voltage directly
to temperature in degrees centigrade with a 100 positive bias to
permit readings below zero. The lookup table entries are defined by
the equation 100(C + 100).
The output from the Lookup table is used with the user-defined m and
b conversion coefficients to create the engineering unit value. The
typical m and b coefficients are as follows:
For engineering units of C:
m = 0.0100
b = 100
For engineering units of F:
m = 0.0180
b = 148
When connecting a 10 K ohm thermistor or I/STAT to the space sensor

input on a MR, specify the database point to use Lookup Table 1.
Table number 1 accounts for an elevated self-heating error that is a
function of the I/STAT communications interface.
A separate Lookup table, defined as Table number 2, is provided in the
MR55X firmware to support accommodation of thermistors on the
other four general-purpose inputs. Table number 3 is used only to
translate the characteristics of the on-board CFM velocity sensor.
Note: Only Normal lookup tables 1 and 2 are available in the MR55.
Narrow lookup tables are not available.

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Stand-alone ATS
Normal ATS functions are supported in the MCI, MRI, and I/SITE LAN.
Stand-alone ATS is intended to be the fallback solution for ATS
scheduling if there is a break in the MR Sub-LAN communications.

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Stand-alone ATS (continued)
The Stand-alone ATS is a MR-resident ATS schedule programmed into
the MRs. Stand-alone ATS allows a single start and stop time for each
day of the week, and controls the point designated as the master
device control point in the MR parameters editor.
Note: If MR power is lost and subsequently restored following an
MRI/MCI-to-MR communications failure, the master device
control point (controlled by the MR Stand-alone ATS schedule)
will default to its deenergised state. No further time-based
commands will be issued to the point until MRI/MCI-to-MR
communications are re-established.

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Direct Digital Control Modules
Note: MR-resident DDC is not available with the MR160. Although this
editor can be accessed when connected to an MR160, attempts to
enter a DDC module will result in a repetitive MCU mem overflow
error message.
The MR controllers support six DDC module types and an interconnected control configuration of up to 16 DDC modules, depending
upon the type of modules.
The DDC modules supported include:
Two-Position (2-Pos) module,

Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID) module,
Floating (FLT) module,
Reset module,
Relay module,
Calculation (Calc) module.
The MR controllers do not support the HiLo module. Assign DDC

modules to a MR by connecting to the desired MRI, MCI, or I/SITE LAN
and selecting MR DDC from the edit menu.

Revision 1.0.0
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Note: MR-resident DDC modules only reside in the MR (not in the MCI, MRI,
or I/SITE LAN. Therefore, these DDC modules are not available for use
in any MR tagged as Internal in the MCU configuration editor.
The lines that interconnect the DDC modules are numbered so that
the line number always corresponds to the DDC module number that
outputs to the line. To preserve MR memory, the process variable
(PV) input to the PID, Float, and 2-Pos modules, the primary and
secondary inputs to the Reset module, and the coil input to the Relay
module cannot be defined as Constant. Instead, these inputs are
selectable as Line or Point. For the same reason, the floating (FLT)
module can only be defined as Point
Note: In a 7792 MRI, 7793 MCI, or 7798 I/SITE LAN, DC/DM points
should only be controlled by 7792/3/8 resident programs.
This
includes the calculations, ATS, temperature control, and demand
control editors.
NOTE:
MR-resident DDC should not be used to control DC/DM

points.

Revision 1.0.0
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Calculation Module
This is a DDC module that exists only in the MR controllers. The
Calculation module is edited similarly to the existing DCU calculated
point in the I/NET program. The module also operates similarly with
some exceptions
Note: Indirect AO points cannot be used as the input to a Calculation

module for MRIs, MCIs, and resident MRs.
MR-to-MR Copy
This function copies the data in one MR to another MR. The data
copied using this function consists of resident I/O point data,
extensions, and MR-resident DDC modules.
The MR-to-MR copy
function does not copy any of the MR parameters (hardware
coefficients, standalone ATS, or I/STAT parameters).

Revision 1.0.0
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Micro Regulator Editors
The Micro Regulator, with certain limitations, may be used for nearly
all functions and extensions available in other DCUs. You may use a
Micro Regulator and an associated MRI, MCI, or I/SITE LAN to
perform/define any of the following editors:
Resident and Indirect Points
Calculated Points
Event Definitions
Event Sequences
Event Actions
Runtime
Consumption
Alarm Inhibit
Time Scheduling
Special Days
Temperature Control
Demand Control
MR-Resident DDC Modules
Trend Sampling
Trend Plot
MCI, MRI, or I/SITE LAN Resident Programming

The following editors only reside in the MRI, MCI, or I/SITE LAN:
Configuration/Status
Station Save
Station Restore
Station Parameters
Control Descriptions
Control Commands
State Descriptions
Conversion Coefficients
Engineering Units
Resident I/O Points
Calculations
Event Definitions
Event Sequences
Event Actions
Runtime
Consumption
Alarm Inhibit
Time Scheduling
Demand Control
Temperature Control
Special Days
MR-DDC History/Tuning
MR Configuration
Even though an extension is resident in the MRI, MCI, or I/SITE LAN,

it may be used to perform a control function in a MR. Keep in mind
the possibility of lost communications due to a severed sub-LAN
communications link between the controller and MRs. Only those
editors listed below as resident in the MR can continue to work
correctly if communications are severed between the controller and
MR.

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MR-Resident Programming
The following editors reside in both the MR and the MRI, MCI, or
I/SITE LAN controller:
Station parameters
Control commands
Conversion coefficients
Resident I/O points
MR-resident DDC modules

Revision 1.0.0
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Revision 1.0.0
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Direct Digital Control

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Direct Digital Control

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TAC Pacific Technical

Course: 2003AP TAC I/NET Seven

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

INPUT and OUTPUTs

Air Handling Unit

Fan Coil Unit

I/STAT LED Functions

Stand Alone ATS

Direct Digital Control

Micro Regulator Editors

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Direct Digital Control

I/NET offers you microprocessor based Direct Digital Control (DDC).

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Input and Output Designations

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

THIS POINT REFLECTS

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

HiLo (not available in MRs)

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Two-Position Module (2-Pos)

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Two-Position Module (2-Pos)

You can direct the output of the module to a line or point.

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Two-Position Module (2-Pos)

When selecting "Off" the 2 position module will output a logic

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Proportional, Integral, Derivative Module (PID)

Proportional: This element can best be described as coarse

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Proportional, Integral, Derivative Module (PID)

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Proportional, Integral, Derivative Module (PID)

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Proportional, Integral, Derivative Module (PID)

You can direct the output of the module to a line or point.

Output Ramp Limit (percent)

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Proportional, Integral, Derivative Module (PID)

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Proportional, Integral, Derivative Module (PID)

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Proportional, Integral, Derivative Module (PID)

TAC BMS REFERENCE MANUAL

DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL

Floating Module (FLOAT)