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Drug Data

Generic Name
Ampicillin
Trade Name
Principen
Minimum Dose
8 g/day
Maximum
Dose
14 g/day

Classification
Pharmacologic
Class
Penicillin
Therapeutic Class
Antibiotic
Pregnancy Risk
Factor
B

Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal action against
sensitive organisms; inhibits
synthesis of bacterial cell wall,
causing cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
D: Crosses placenta; enters
breast milk
M: Not known
E: Urine, unchanged
Drug Half Life
1-2 hours

Contents
Ampicillin
sodium
Availability
and color
Capsules: 250,
500 mg
Powder for oral
suspension:
125 mg/5 mL,
250 mg/5 mL
Powder for
injection: 250,
500 mg, 1, 2 g

Indication
General
Indications
- Treatment of
infections caused
by susceptible
strains of Shigella,
Salmonella,
Escherichia coli,
Haemophilus
influenzae, Proteus
mirabilis, Neisseria
gonnorhoeae,
enterococci, grampositive organisms
(penicillin Gsensitive
staphylococci,
streptococci,
pneumococci)
- Meningitis caused
by Neisseria
meningitidis
- Unlabeled use:
Prophylaxis in
cesarean section in
certain high-risk
patients

Routes of
administration
Oral
Intramuscular
Intravenous

Source:
Karch, Amy: 2009
Lippincotts Nursing
Drug Guide, p. 126127

Contraindications
Concentrations
- Allergies to penicillins,
cephalosporins, or other
allergens

Adverse Reaction
CNS: Lethargy,
hallucinations, seizures

Precaution
- Renal disorders

GI: Glossitis, stomatitis,


gastritis, sore mouth,
furry tongue, black
hairy tongue, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, bloody
diarrhea, enterocolitis,
pseudomembranous
colitis, nonspecific
hepatitis

Drug interaction
Drug to drug
- Increased ampicillin effect
with probenecid
- Increased risk of rash with
allopurinol
- Increased bleeding effect
with heparin, oral
anticoagulants
- Decreased effect with
tetracyclines,
chloramphenicol
- Decreased efficacy of
hormonal contraceptives,
atenolol with ampicillin
Drug to food
- Oral ampicillin may be less
effective with food; take on
empty stomach
Drug to lab test
- False-positive Coombs' test
if given IV
- Decrease in plasma
estrogen concentrations in
pregnant women
- False-positive urine glucose
tests if Clinitest, Benedict's
solution or Fehling's solution
is used

Source:
Karch, Amy: 2009
Lippincotts Nursing Drug
Guide, p. 126

Source:
Karch, Amy: 2009 Lippincotts Nursing Drug
Guide, pp. 126-127

Source:
Karch, Amy: 2009
Lippincotts Nursing Drug
Guide, pp. 126-127

Source:
Karch, Amy: 2009 Lippincotts Nursing
Drug Guide, pp. 127-128

CV: Heart failure

GU: Nephritis
Hematologic: Anemia,
thrombocytopenia,
leukopenia,
neutropenia, prolonged
bleednig time
Hypersensitivity:
Rash, fever, wheezing,
anaphylaxis
Local: Pain, phlebitis,
thrombosis at injection
site
Other: Superinfections
oral and rectal
moniliasis, vaginitis

Source:
Karch, Amy: 2009 Lippincotts
Nursing Drug Guide, p. 128

Nursing Responsibilities
Before
- Observe 15 rights in drug
administration.
- Assess for allergies to penicillins,
cephalosporins, or other allergens.
- Assess for renal disorders or lactation.
- Culture infected area before treatment.
- If patient is a woman and she uses
hormonal contraceptive, she should use
a second form of birth control for 1-2
weeks while taking this drug.
During
- Administer oral drug on an empty
stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after
meals.
- Administer with a full glass of water. Do
not give with fruit juice or soft drinks.
- Do not give IM injections in the same
site; atrophy can occur.
- For IV administration, give slowly over
3-5 mins.
- Use within 1 hour after preparation
because potency may decrease
significantly after that.
After
- Dispose of used materials properly.
- Educate patient about side effects.
- Instruct to report pain or discomfort at
sites, unusual bleeding or bruising,
mouth sores, rash, hives, fever, itching
severe diarrhea, difficulty breathing.
- Instruct patient not to use antibiotic to
self-treat other infections.
- Instruct to take the full course of drug
therapy.
- Do proper documentation.
Source:
Karch, Amy: 2009 Lippincotts Nursing Drug Guide,
pp. 127-128

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