Nationalism

After World War II, nationalism obtained the reputation of an ideology that generates
conflict.
Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a
common identity for groups of humans. According to the theory of nationalism,
the preservation of identity features, the independence in all subjects, the
wellbeing, and the glory of one's own nation are fundamental values.
All forms of nationalism must answer the question of who belongs to the nation and who
does not, and what belonging to a nation means.
Below you will examples of historical events in which nationalism played an essential role.
the French Revolution (1789-1799)
the 1848 European revolutions
Italian unification under the rule of Piedmont and Sardinia
German unification under Otto von Bismarck of Prussia
The Arab Revolt (1916-1918)
the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Gamal Abdel Nasser
the unification of Syria and Egypt under the United Arab Republic and its demise
nationalism and resistance in Algeria as a prelude to the Algerian War of
Independence
coups in Fiji in 1987 and 2000

Racism
Although nationalism does not necessarily imply a belief in one's own superiority over
others, excesses of nationalism have frequently led to racist variants of the ideology.
Excessive nationalism or self-pride has convinced many European powers that they were
morally justified to impose their rule to smaller or militarily weaker nations.
Racism is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human capacities,
that a certain race is inherently superior or inferior to others, and/or that
individuals should be treated differently according to their racial designation.
Around the beginning of the 20th century, in many countries all over the world, a
tendency existed to mix nationalism with racism. One of the clearest examples of racist
nationalism was embodied in the Nazi movement in Germany with the resulting Holocaust.
However there are other examples of racism that could have been motivated through

nationalism:
ethnic cleansings during the Yugoslav secession war in the 1990s
repressions against blacks in the United States during the 1930s
terror bombing and gas attacks by the British army in Iraq in the 1920s and 1930s
killing of the Boers in British concentration camps at the end of the 19th century

Source: CD2 Leadership

As an example of racism, apartheid is the policy and the system of laws implemented
and enforced by white minority governments in South Africa from 1948 till 1990. In the
years following the victory of the National Party in the general election of 1948, a large
number of laws were enacted, further instituting the dominance of white people over other
races.