bash-2.

05$ man passwd

PASSWD(1)

USER COMMANDS

PASSWD(1)

NAME
chfn, chsh, passwd - change password file information
SYNOPSIS
passwd [ -d ] [ -o ] [ name ]
chsh [ -s shell ] [ name ]
chsh [ options ] [ name ] [ shell ]
DESCRIPTION
This program can change either the user's password, the
login shell, or finger information, depending on how it is
invoked.
When run as passwd, the program will ask for the user's
current password and the for the new one. The new password
must be typed twice to forestall mistakes. The super-user
is not prompted for the old password.
New passwords should certainly not be in the dictionary, and
and be at least 5-9 characters, depending on the quality of
the password. Using both upper and lower case, digits, and
punctuation can improve password quality. Up to 16 characters are significant, although longer passwords are
accepted. Password encourages you to follow these rules,
but will relent if you are insistent enough. Passwd recognizes the following options.
-d

Delete the password. Only the super-user may use this

option.

-o

Use the old style password algorithm for the new password. By default, the new algorithm (kg_pwhash(3)) is
used.

When run as chsh, the shell should be supplied as the parameter to the command. If no shell is specified, chsh will
prompt the user for the shell. Normal users are restricted
to only those shells supplied in /etc/shells, If this file
doesn't exist, only /bin/sh and /bin/csh are allowed. Users
that don't have a shell in this list may not change their
shell. Chsh recognizes the following options.
-s shell
An alternate method of specifying the shell.
When changing finger information, chfn will normally prompt
for each field (as interpreted by finger(1)), and input new
values. These fields include the ``real life'' name, location, work phone number, and home phone number. Pressing
return accepts the current value, while entering ``none''
Sun Release 4.1
PASSWD(1)

Last change: August 19, 1994

USER COMMANDS

1
PASSWD(1)

causes the field to be deleted. Below is a sample run:

Use <return> to keep, or "none" to delete.
Name [Biff Studsworth II]:
Location []: 521E
Work Phone []: 1963
Home Phone [5771546]: none
Full name changed.
It is a good idea to run finger afterwards to be sure the
desired output appears. The following options can be used
to suppress the interactive dialog of chfn.
-f fullname
allows the fullname to be specified on the command
line.
-r room
allows the location to be specified on the command
line.
-w workphone
allows the work phonenumber to be specified on the command line.
-h homephone
allows the home phonenumber to be specified on the command line.
-o other
allows the ``other'' information to be specified on the
command line. Ony the super-user may change the
``other'' information in the gecos field.
Only the super-user may change anyone's password, shell, or
finger information.
FILES
/etc/passwd
The list of user accounts
/etc/shadow
The file containing the encrypted password
/etc/shells
The list of approved shells
/usr/dict/words
List of ``obvious'' words
Robert Morris and Ken Thompson, Unix password security
SEE ALSO
login(1), finger(1), crypt(3), kg_pwhash(3), passwd(5);
BUGS
Passwd doesn't know about the many security aspects of the
shadow password system.
Sun Release 4.1
PASSWD(1)

Last change: August 19, 1994

USER COMMANDS

2
PASSWD(1)

AUTHOR
Marcus Watts
Sun Release 4.1

Last change: August 19, 1994

==============================================
bash-2.05$ man 1 login
LOGIN(1)

USER COMMANDS

LOGIN(1)

NAME
login - Begin session on the system
SYNOPSIS
login [ username [ environmental-variables ] ]
DESCRIPTION
login is used to establish a new session with the system.
It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the
login: prompt on the user's terminal. login may be special
to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. Typically, login is treated by the shell as exec login which
causes the user to exit from the current shell. Attempting
to execute login from any shell but the login shell will
produce an error message.
When invoked from the login: prompt, the user may enter
environmental variables after the username. These variables
are entered in the form NAME=VALUE. Not all variables may
be set in the fashion, notably PATH, HOME and SHELL. Additionally, IFS may be inhibited if the user's login shell is
/bin/sh.
The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate.
Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only
a small number of password failures are permitted before
login exits and the communications link is severed.
If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may
be prompted for a new password before proceeding. You will
be forced to provide your old password and the new password
before continuing. Please refer to passwd(1) for more
information.
After a successful login, you will be informed of any system
messages and the presence of mail. You may turn off the
printing of the system message file, /etc/motd, by creating
a zero-length file .hushlogin in your login directory. The
mail message will be one of "You have new mail.", "You have
mail.", or "No Mail." according to the condition of your
mailbox.
Your user and group ID will be set according to their values
in the /etc/passwd file. The value for $HOME, $SHELL,
$PATH, $LOGNAME, and $MAIL are set according to the
appropriate fields in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and
nice values may also be set according to entries in the
GECOS field.
On some installations, the environmental variable $TERM will
be initialize to the terminal type on your tty line, as
specified in /etc/ttytype.
Sun Release 4.1

Last change:

LOGIN(1)

USER COMMANDS

LOGIN(1)

An initialization script for your command interpreter may

also be executed. Please see the appropriate manual section
for more information on this function.
CAVEATS
This version of login has many compilation options, only
some of which may be in use at any particular site.
Files
/etc/utmp - list of current login sessions
/etc/wtmp - list of previous login sessions
/etc/passwd - user account information
/etc/shadow - encrypted passwords and age information
/etc/motd - system message file
/etc/ttytype - list of terminal types
$HOME/.profile - initialization script for default shell
$HOME/.hushlogin - suppress printing of system messages
See Also
getty(1M), mail(1), passwd(1), sh(1), su(1), d_passwd(4),
passwd(4)
Sun Release 4.1
Last change:
2
==============================================
bash-2.05$ man -k pass
chage (1)
- change user password expirate information
chfn, chsh, passwd (1) - change password file information
chpasswd (8)
- update password file in batch
conflict (8)
- search for alias/password conflicts
dpasswd (8)
- change dialup password
genpass (1)
- generate random passwords
kg_pwhash (3)
- authentication password hash function
kg_read_pw_string (3) - read a password
kg_string_to_key (3)
- password string to key function
mkpasswd (1)
- Update passwd and group database files
passwd (4)
- The password file
pwadm (1)
- password file administration program
pwauth (3)
- administrator defined password authentication routine
pwauth (8)
- administrator defined password authentication
pwck (1)
- verify integrity of password files
pwconv (8)
- convert and update shadow password files
pwunconv (8)
- restore old password file from shadow password file
shadow (3)
- encrypted password file routines
shadow (4)
- encrypted password file
crypt, _crypt, setkey, encrypt (3) - password and data encryption
getpass (3V)
- read a password
getpwaent, getpwanam, setpwaent, endpwaent, fgetpwaent (3) - get password adju
ct file entry
getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, setpwfile, fgetpwent (3V) - g
t password file entry
passwd (5)
- password file
passwd, chfn, chsh (1) - change local or NIS password information
passwd.adjunct (5)
- user security data file
putpwent (3)
- write password file entry
pwck (8V)
- check password database entries
pwdauth, grpauth (3)
- password authentication routines
pwdauthd (8C)
- server for authenticating passwords
rfpasswd (8)
- change RFS host password

vipw (8)
- edit the password file
xcrypt, xencrypt, xdecrypt, passwd2des (3R) - hex encryption and utility routin
s
yppasswd (1)
- change your network password in the NIS database
yppasswd (3R)
- update user password in NIS
yppasswd (5)
- NIS password file
yppasswdd, rpc.yppasswdd (8C) - server for modifying NIS password file
bash-2.05$ whatis passwd
chfn, chsh, passwd (1) - change password file information
passwd (4)
- The password file
passwd (5)
- password file
passwd, chfn, chsh (1) - change local or NIS password information
==============================================
bash-2.05$ whatis passwd
chfn, chsh, passwd (1) - change password file information
passwd (4)
- The password file
passwd (5)
- password file
passwd, chfn, chsh (1) - change local or NIS password information