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Introduction to Computers - 36

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
Course Description :
This course is designed for students to development basic understanding of uses of
computer and its applications in nursing.
Specific objectives:
After the completion of the course, students will able to:
1. Identify & define various concepts used in computer.
2. Identify & describe application of computer in nursing.
3. Describe & use the DOS & Windows
4. Describe & demonstrate skill in the use of MS-office.
5. Describe & demonstrate skill in using multimedia & computer aided teaching &
testing.
6. Identify & demonstrate use of internet & e-mail
7. Describe & use the statistical packages
8. Describe the use of Hospital Management System.
UNIT I
Introduction Concepts of Computers Hardware and software Trends and technology
Application of computers in nursing.
UNIT II
Introduction to disk operating system DOS Windows (all version) Introduction MSWord MS-Excel with pictorial presentation MS-Access MS-PowerPoint.
UNIT III
Multimedia Types and uses Computer aided teaching and testing.
UNIT IV
Use of Internet and email.
UNIT V
Statistical packages Types and their features.
UNIT VI
Hospital Management System Types and uses.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Jain and Saakshi (2004), Computers for Nurses.


Kalicharan (2002), Introduction to Computer Science.
Nicoll (2001), Nurses Guide to Internet, Third edition.
Phatak M et al (2001), Multimedia Techniques, First edition, Nirali Prakashan.
Rajaraman (1999), Fundamentals of Computer, Tata Macrohill Publication, New Delhi.
Sanjeev kumar (2002), A Textbook of Computer Applications, Educational and Technical
Publishers, New Delhi.
-x-x-x-

Introduction to Computers - 2

DOS COMMANDS
ATTRIB
Displays or changes file attributes.
BREAK
Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.
CD
Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
CHDIR
Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
CHKDSK
Checks a disk and displays a status report.
CHKNTFS Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time.
CLS
Clears the screen.
CMD
Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter.
COLOR
Sets the default console foreground and background colors.
COMP
Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.
COPY
Copies one or more files to another location.
DATE
Displays or sets the date.
DEL
Deletes one or more files.
DIR
Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
DISKCOMP Compares the contents of two floppy disks.
DISKCOPY Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.
DOSKEY
Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros.
ECHO
Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off.
ERASE
Deletes one or more files.
EXIT
Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter).
FC
Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differences
between them.
FIND
Searches for a text string in a file or files.
FINDSTR Searches for strings in files.
FOR
Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.
FORMAT
Formats a disk for use with Windows.
FTYPE
Displays or modifies file types used in file extension
associations.
HELP
Provides Help information for Windows commands.
LABEL
Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.
MD
Creates a directory.
MKDIR
Creates a directory.
MODE
Configures a system device.
MORE
Displays output one screen at a time.
MOVE
Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory.
PATH
Displays or sets a search path for executable files.
PAUSE
Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message.
PRINT
Prints a text file.
PROMPT
Changes the Windows command prompt.
RD
Removes a directory.
RECOVER Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.
REM
Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS.
REN
Renames a file or files.
RENAME
Renames a file or files.
REPLACE Replaces files.
RMDIR
Removes a directory.
SET
Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables.
SHIFT
Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files.
SORT
Sorts input.
START
Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.
SUBST
Associates a path with a drive letter.
TIME
Displays or sets the system time.
TITLE
Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session.
TREE
Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path.
TYPE
Displays the contents of a text file.
VER
Displays the Windows version.
VOL
Displays a disk volume label and serial number.
XCOPY
Copies files and directory trees.

Introduction to Computers - 35

FEBRUARY 2011

UNIT - I

[KW 1016]

Sub. Code: 4707

Introduction Concepts of Computers Hardware and software Trends and technology


Application of computers in nursing.

B.Sc (Nursing) DEGREE EXAMINATION


1. What is computing?
(New Regulations for the candidates admitted from 2006-07 onwards)
The term computer is derived from the word compute, which means to calculate.
First Year
Paper VII INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

2. Define Computer.

Q.P. Code : 664707


Time : Three hours

Maximum : 75 marks

A computer may be defined as a device that operates upon information or data. Data
can be anything like bio-data of various applicants when the computer is used for recruiting
personnel, or the marks obtained by various students in various subjects when the computer is
used to prepare results, or the details (name, age, sex, etc.).

Answer All questions.


3. Name ten characteristics of a computer. Explain each in one or two lines.
I. Essays:

(2X15=30)

1. Explain the components of Operating System. Discuss Batch Processing System.


2. Explain the importance of MS-EXCEL, MS-WORD, MS-POWERPOINT in Desktop
Publishing.
II. Write Short Notes on:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Versatility: A computer is capable of performing almost any task provided that the
task can be reduced to a series of logical steps.
Accuracy: The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of
accuracy of a particular computer depends upon its design.

(5 X 5 = 25)
Power of Remembering: A computer can store and recall any amount of information
because of its secondary storage (a type of detachable memory) capability.

Database Management System.


Analog Computer.
Intranet.
Computer Aided Teaching and Testing.
Web Technology.

III. Short Answer Questions:

Speed: A computer is a very fast device. It can perform in a few seconds the amount
of work that a human being can do in an entire year - if he worked day and night and is
nothing else.
(10 X 2 = 20)

1. What is the role of Central Processing Unit?


2. Write a DOS command to delete a file.
3. List out the application of digital computer.
4. What is the use of PowerPoint?
5. Mention some of the function name in MS-EXCEL.
6. List out the key component of Multimedia System.
7. What is Web Browser?
8. What is EMR?
9. List out the applications of Email.
10. Mention the names of Super computer.

Introduction to Computers - 34

No. I.Q. : It possesses no intelligence of its own. Its I.Q. is zero, at least till today.
Common Data Used: One data item can be involved in several different procedures
or accessed, update or inspected by a number of different users.
Storage: The computers have a lot of storage devices which can store a tremendous
amount of data.
Diligence: The computer is a machine. It does not tire. Nor does it lose concentration
even after working continuously for a long time.
No Feelings: Computers are devoid of emotions. They have no feelings and no
instincts because they are machine. Although men have succeeded in building a memory for
the computer, but no computer possesses the equivalent of a human heart and soul.

Introduction to Computers - 3

4. Explain the generations of computer.


Generation in computer talk is a step in technology. It provides a framework for the
growth of the computer industry.

AUGUST 2010
[KW 1016]

Sub. Code: 4707


B.Sc (Nursing) DEGREE EXAMINATION

First Generation Computers (1942-55): First generation computers came into


existence in late 1940's which used vacuum tubes. That is switching electric current in valves
was used to manipulate symbols and numbers.

(New Regulations for the candidates admitted from 2006-07 onwards)


First Year
Paper VII INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

Second Generation (1955-64): The transistor, a smaller and more reliable successor
to the vacuum tube was invented in 1947. However, computers that used transistors were not
produced in quantity until over a decade later. The second generation emerged with
transistors being the brain of the computer.

Q.P. Code : 664707


Time : Three hours

Third Generation Computers (1964-75): An IC could replace the entire circuit


board of transistors with one chip of silicon which is even smaller than a transistor. These ICs
had all the desirable characteristics - reliability, compact size and low cost.

Maximum : 75 marks
Answer All questions.

I. Essays:
Fourth Generation (1975 Onwards): Initially, the integrated circuit contained only
about ten to twenty components. The technology was named Small Scale Integration (SSI).
Later, with the advancement in technology for manufacturing ICs, it became possible to
integrate upto a hundred components on a single chip. This technology came to be known as
Medium Scale Integration (MSI). Then came the era of Large Scale Integration (LSI) when it
was possible to integrate over 30,000 components onto a single chip. Effort is still on for
further miniaturization and it is expected that more than one million components will be
integrated on a single chip known as very large scale integration (VLSI).
Fifth Generation: In structure it will be parallel (the present ones are serial) and will
be able to do multiple tasks simultaneously. In functions, it will not be algorithmic (step by
step, with one step at a time). In nature, it will not do just data processing (number crunching)
but knowledge processing. In inference, it will not be merely deductive, but also inductive. In
application, it will behave like an expert. In programming, it will interact with humans in
ordinary language (unlike BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, etc. which present computers need).
And in architecture, it will have KIPS (Knowledge Information Processing System) rather
than the present DIPS/LIPS (Data/Logic Information Processing System).
5. What are hardware components and accessories? (or) Write short notes on
hardware components and accessories.
It refers to those parts that can be touched and seen:

Central Processing Unit (CPU)


Visual Display Unit (VDU)
Keyboards
Printers
Disks
Tapes

Introduction to Computers - 4

(2X15=30)

1. Write in detail about the Basic components of computer.


2. Explain Internet and E-mail and list out the uses in the field of Nursing.
II. Write Short Notes on:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(5 X 5 = 25)

List out five formatting tools in MS-Word and Explain.


Write short note on Software.
What is meant by DOS and Explain four Dos commands?
Write short note on Mail merge.
Write short note on PowerPoint presentation.

III. Short Answer Questions:

(10 X 2 = 20)

1. What are input devices?


2. Write about Memory Unit.
3. List out four short-cut keys in Windows.
4. What is meant Database Management System?
5. What is meant by Multi-Media?
6. What is meant by PACS?
7. List out two functions in MS-Excel.
8. What is meant by Tele medicine?
9. Define Personal Computer.
10. What is meant by VIRUS?

Introduction to Computers - 33

Hardware components other than the CPU are sometimes termed as accessories, viz.:

FEBRUARY 2010
[KW 1016]

Sub. Code: 4707


B.Sc (Nursing) DEGREE EXAMINATION

(New Regulations for the candidates admitted from 2006-07 onwards)


First Year
Paper VII INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

All computer system performs the following five basic operations:


Maximum : 75 marks

Answer All questions.


I. Essays:

(2X15=30)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(5 X 5 = 25)

Control Unit.
Software.
What is meant by Internet? List out its uses in Nursing.
Hospital Management System.
Multimedia.

III. Short Answer Questions:

Inputting
Storing
Processing
Outputting
Controlling

7. Mention any 4 input devices. (or) What are input devices?

1. What is meant by Mail merge? Explain the steps involved in mail merge.
2. Explain in detail the Generations of computer.
II. Write Short Notes on:

Visual Display Unit (VDU)


Keyboards
Printers
Disks
Tapes

6. List out the basic operations of computer.

Q.P. Code : 664707


Time : Three hours

Keyboard
Mouse
Trackball
Joystick
Light pen
Touch screen
Scanner
OCR
Barcode reader

(10 X 2 = 20)

1. Define Computer.
2. Mention two differences between DOS and Windows.
3. Write about Recycle bin in windows.
4. List out any four shortcut keys in MS-Word.
5. List any four components of windows.
6. What is meant by E-Mail?
7. How to maintain the computer?
8. What is meant by Electronic Medical Record?
9. What is meant by video conferencing?
10. What is meant by VIRUS?

8. What do you understand by Central Processing Unit? (or) What is the role of
Central Processing Unit?
The control unit and arithmetic and logic unit of a computer system are jointly known
as the Central Processing Unit (CPU). The CPU is the brain of any computer system. In a
human body, all major decisions are taken by the brain. Similarly in a computer system, all
major calculations and comparisons are made inside the CPU and CPU is also responsible for
activating and controlling the operations of other units of a computer system.
9. List out the various units of CPU
The CPU itself has three parts:

Introduction to Computers - 32

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)


Control Unit
Memory Unit

Introduction to Computers - 5

10. What is the role of control unit? (or) Write short notes on control unit?
This unit checks the correctness of sequence of operations. It fetches the program
instruction from the primary storage unit, interprets them, and ensures correct execution of
the program. It also controls the input / output devices and directs the overall functioning of
the other units of the computer.

AUGUST 2009
[KV 1016]

Sub. Code: 4707


B.Sc (Nursing) DEGREE EXAMINATION

(New Regulations for the candidates admitted from 2006-07 onwards)


11. Write about memory unit?
A computer's primary storage unit is commonly called main memory, and holds data
and program instructions between processing steps and supplies them to the control unit and
arithmetic-logic unit during processing. Most of a computer's memory consists of
microelectronic semiconductor memory chips known as RAM (random access memory). The
contents of these memory chips can be instantly changed to store new data. Other, more
permanent memory chips, called ROM (read only memory) may also be used.

First Year
Paper VII INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Q.P. Code : 664707
Time : Three hours

Maximum : 75 marks
Answer All questions.

12. Mention any 4 output devices.

1. Essays:
VDU / Monitor
Printers
Plotters
Speakers

1. Explain the various types of charts that can be drawn by using excel.
2. What are the various views in PowerPoint? Explain their uses.
2. Write Short Notes on:

13. What is meant by motherboard?


Motherboard, also known as system board, is a large multi-layered printed circuit
board inside a computer. The motherboard contains the CPU, the BIOS ROM chip, and the
CMOS setup information. This circuit board provides a connector for the keyboard as well as
housing the keyboard controller chip.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

14. List out any 4 types of printers.

3. Short Answer Questions:

(2X15=30)

Dot matrix printers


Daisy wheel printers
Drum printers
Inkjet printers
Laser printers

15. List out the various applications of computer.


Some of the areas where computers are being used are listed below:

Science
Medicine and health care

Entertainment
Business application
Banking

(5 X 5 = 25)

What is mail merge?


What do you mean by multimedia presentation?
Name ten characteristics of a computer. Explain each in one or two lines.
What is Hospital Management System (HMS)?
Use of personal computers in the field of nursing.
(10 X 2 = 20)

1. Name any four main criteria in which the computers are classified.
2. Define application software.
3. What is Telemedicine?
4. How will you create new folder. Write any one method with steps.
5. Name the components of window.
6. What is PACS?
7. Write the difference between SAVE and SAVE AS?
8. What is called directory in MS DOS?
9. What is Internet?
10. Uses of statistical software in the field of nursing.

Education
Engineering / Architecture /
Manufacturing
Communication
Publishing

Introduction to Computers - 6

Introduction to Computers - 31

FEBRUARY 2009

16. Name any four main criteria in which the computers are classified.

[KU 1016]

Sub. Code: 4707

There are many criteria according to which computers can be classified into different
classes. These are:

B.Sc (Nursing) DEGREE EXAMINATION


(New Regulations for the candidates admitted from 2006-07 onwards)
First Year
Paper VII INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Making Principle of computers


Application Capabilities of computers
Cost and other facilities available
Processing manner.

17. Write short notes on micro computer.


Q.P. Code : 664707
Time : Three hours

Maximum : 75 marks
Answer All questions.

I. Essays:

(2 X 15=30)

1. Write in detail steps involved in mail merge.


2. What is PACS? Mention the types (modalities) and also its advantages and disadvantages.
II. Write Short Notes on:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(5 X 5 = 25)

Hardware components and Accessories.


E-Mail.
Hospital Management system.
Electronic Medical Record.
Multimedia elements.

III. Short Answer Questions:

Introduction to Computers - 30

Microcomputers are the most important category of computer systems for end users.
Though usually called a personal computer, or PC, a microcomputer is much more than a
small computer for use by an individual. The computing power of microcomputers now
exceeds that of the mainframes of previous computer generations at a fraction of their cost.
Thus, they have become powerful networked professional workstations for end users in
business.
Microcomputers come in a variety of sizes and shapes for a variety of purposes. PCs
are available as handled, notebook, laptop, portable, desktop, and floor-standing models. Or
based on their use, they include home, personal, professional, workstation and multi-user
systems. Most microcomputers are desktops designed to fit on an office desk, or notebooks
for those who want a small, portable PC for their work activities.

(10 X 2 = 20)

1. What is computing?
2. What is meant by mother board?
3. What is the role of control unit?
4. What are the uses of computer in Nursing?
5. What is meant by Booting?
6. Define personal computer?
7. Write command to rename a file in DOS?
8. List out the names of various Database.
9. What is the use of Recycle Bin?
10. Name some of the formatting tool bar button in MS-Word?

These computers are called microcomputers because they use micro processors as
CPU. Cheaper, faster, better remains the iron law of the computer industry. The immense
power of the newest microprocessors-from Intel and its competitors-means that this year's
state-of-the-art personal computer is an astonishingly capable machine.

18. Write short notes on mini computer.


In 1960's it was realized that for all applications, expensive mainframe computers are
not necessary. For some applications small, inexpensive computers are also sufficient. As a
result a different size of computers came into existence and they were called minicomputers.
Initially they all were 8-bit and 12 bit machines but by 1970's they were 16-bit machines.
When minicomputers were commercially available in market, their low price, as compared to
mainframes got fitted in to the budget of many small business organizations, which boosted
up the computer market.
Mini computers are generally used in those departments where networking
(networking means number of computers connected together) is required, like railway
reservation systems, airline reservation system, weather forecasting systems, message and
data transmissions etc. Other popular Minicomputer includes KL's series 39 level 20, 50 and
60. TCC 316 SM-23, PDP 11/70, minicomputer series 9370 introduced by IBM.

Introduction to Computers - 7

19. Write short notes on main frame computer.


Main frame computers are very large computers. Main memory of these computers is
very large which varies from 64mb to 256mb or even more. Also, speed of these computers is
very high near about few million instructions per second. Main frame systems are 32-byte
computers. Their cost starts from few 10 lakhs, which can go upto, few crores of rupees. Just
like their high cost, their size is also very large. Fast and huge printers, large tape units, high
secondary storage devices are attached to these computers. With so high price mainframe are
not purchased for anything. They are used where quick processing of vast amounts of data is
the need. Some of the customers of mainframes are banks, insurance companies, oil refineries
etc.
Main application of these systems is in Universities, large industries and banks where
they have to maintain a large bulky data. There are many such mainframe computers at
Indian Institute of Technology (I.I.T.), universities and other large organisations like Bharat
Heavy Electrical Limited (BHEL) and Oil and Natural Gas Commission (O.N.G.C.).
20. Write short notes on super computer.
Super computers are the mightiest and most expensive computers. They are designed
to execute the instructions faster than any other computer system discussed so far. For
example in the national weather. Service which is equipped with super computers like
CYBER 205 super computer, weather data received through satellites from all over the
world, air planes and ground stations are continuously fed into them. Greater is the speed of
processing the data of the system, more accurate the information about the weather is
forecasted.
21. Mention the names of Super computer.

PARAM 10000
Cray-XMP
CYBER 205

22. List out the applications of hand held computer.


Hand held computers are mostly used for:

Storing addresses
Storing telephone numbers
Maintaining personal appointments etc.

23. Define personal computer.


Personal computers are the single user computers. At a time on the personal computer
only one job can be done. Micro computers are personal computers. It consists of a system
unit, a display monitor, a keyboard, internal hard disk storage, and other peripheral devices.

Introduction to Computers - 8

7. Name any two functions of ward management module of a hospital management


system.
Ward management module takes care of:

Ward inventory
Doctors visit
Patient case sheet
Diet ordering
Blood requisition
Transfer intimation
Generation of discharge reports

8. Name any two functions of MIS module of hospital management system.


This module generates various Management Information System (MIS) reports, which
are required for:

Planning
Organizing and
Controlling

the activities of the hospital.


9. What is PACS? (or) Write a short note on Picture Archiving and Communications
System (PACS)? (or) What is meant by PACS?
PACS enables images such as x-rays and scans to be stored electronically and viewed
on screens, creating a near film less process and improved diagnosis methods. Doctors and
other health professionals can access and compare images at the touch of a button.
10. Write short notes on Electronic Medical Record. (or) What is meant by Electronic
Medical Record? (or) What is EMR?
An electronic medical record is usually a computerized legal medical record created
in an organization that delivers care, such as a hospital and doctor's surgery. Electronic
medical records tend to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows
storage, retrieval and manipulation of records.
11. What is Telemedicine?
Telemedicine is a rapidly developing application of clinical medicine where medical
information is transferred through interactive audiovisual media for the purpose of
consulting, and sometimes remote medical procedures or examinations.

Introduction to Computers - 29

3. Mention the uses of hospital management system.

24. What are the uses of computers in nursing? (or) Use of personal computers in the
field of nursing.

Following are the advantages of computerized hospital management system:

It streamlines the activities of the hospital.


Established fast communication channels among various departments and persons
of the hospital.
Removes confusions and doubts.
Improves services of the hospital.
Enables doctors and staff members to take proper care of the patient and thus
enable fast recovery.
Improves customer satisfaction.
Checks loss of revenue.
Saves time, money and efforts. Thus improves efficiency of staff members.

4. Why computers of hospital management system are networked together?


Each department of the hospital has its own computer. Computer of each department
remains connected to the central computer. Whenever any new data / information is created
in any department, person concerned of that department feeds it in the computer. Instead of
this data / information being stored on local computer, it gets stored on central computer.

A large number of patients, large diagnostic and therapeutic options, greater number
of drug etc, all increase the burden on the physician. A computer is a remarkable tool in such
situations.
There are software programs designed to arrive a diagnosis but these are greatly
limited as to the number of conditions/diseases/symptoms they can handle. The existing
program cannot have an unlimited scope as can a doctor.
A good software program will enable a doctor to perform most of his tasks, without
extensive typing. Many case-sheet programs, prescriptions etc, have built-in databases,
thereby eliminating the need to type everything.
Following are few important applications of computer in the field of nursing:

Admission discharge and transfer


Documentation
Automatic list generation
Education
Nursing administration

5. List the modules of a typical hospital management package.


25. Mention any 4 storage devices.
Following are the modules, which are part of majority of computerized hospital
management systems:

Reception
Pharmacy store
OT management
Ward management
Dietary (food and beverages)
Nursing module
Financial accounting
Package maintenance module

Registration and admission


Laboratory
Blood bank
ICU
Doctors module
Discharge summary
MIS

6. What is the role of pharmacy store module in hospital management system?


Pharmacy store module of hospital management system deals with stock accounting.
It keeps track of all purchases, returns and issues made by the store. It also enable printing of:

Bills
Payment collection summary
Credit bill list
Shift wise collection etc.

Introduction to Computers - 28

Magnetic tape
Magnetic disk
o Floppy disk
o Hard disk
o Zip disk
Optical disk
o CD
o DVD

26. Explain the different types of memory in computer. (or) What are the types of
memories available in the computer system?
The memory in a computer system is of three fundamental types:

Internal processor memory


o Cache memory
o Special registers
Primary memory
o RAM
o ROM
Secondary memory
o Hard disk
o Magnetic disk
o Magnetic tapes

Introduction to Computers - 9

UNIT - II

UNIT - VI

Introduction to disk operating system DOS Windows (all version) Introduction MSWord MS-Excel with pictorial presentation MS-Access MS-PowerPoint.

Hospital Management System Types and uses.


1. State five reasons for implementing hospital management system in a hospital.

1. Write short notes on software.


Software is a collection of programs that gives instruction to the hardware and vice
versa. It helps in user interaction with the hardware and provides different facilities to the
user to complete their tasks. Thus based upon the tasks performed by the software, software
is broadly classified into following two categories:

System software
Application software

System software: All those instructions, which computer uses either for its activation
or internal resource management are called system software. For example, software that
would transfer the data/instructions from keyboard to computers memory will be system
software. Similarly the software that would make the processor run and do the calculations or
print the result of calculations on printer/monitor will also fall into the category of system
software. Operating system is an example for system software, which is essentially required
for normal functioning of computer system.
Application software: Those instructions, which are given to the computer for
automating a manual task, are called application software. For example, instructions for
adding two matrices, finding sum of given Geometric Progression (GP) series, calculating
income tax for all the employees of an organization, booking air tickets etc. are examples of
application software.
2. Define application software.
Those instructions, which are given to the computer for automating a manual task, are
called application software. For example, instructions for adding two matrices, finding sum
of given Geometric Progression (GP) series, calculating income tax for all the employees of
an organization, booking air tickets etc. are examples of application software.
3. What is meant by booting?
The process of loading the operating system into the memory is known as booting.

In manual system coordinating among departments and staff takes place through
forms and reports. This type of communication leads to the following problems:

Improper patient care.


Delay in medical treatment.
Deviations from schedules and treatments, suggested by the doctor for patients.
Dangerous circumstances or even the death of the patient.
Loss of facts and figures.
Poor coordination and careless attitude, which is hazards for hospitals.
Improper staffing and unhygienic environment.
Lack of control over inventory.
Poor bed management.
Improper billing and loss of revenue.
Bad reputation of the hospital.
Irritation among patients and their caretakers.

2. Write short notes on Hospital Management System. (or) What is Hospital


Management System (HMS)?
Hospital management systems are generally large software. They provide
computerized solution for all important activities that take place in large hospitals. They are
generally modular in design. Thus they comprises of many modules. Each module takes care
of specific type of activities and works in total coordination with other modules. Following
are the modules, which are part of majority of computerized hospital management systems:

Reception
Pharmacy store
OT management
Ward management
Dietary (food and beverages)
Nursing module
Financial accounting
Package maintenance module

Registration and admission


Laboratory
Blood bank
ICU
Doctors module
Discharge summary
MIS

4. List out any 2 services of operating system.


The operating system provides many services to the user. Services are software
programs that allow the user easy interaction with the hardware. Some of the services
provided are:

Act as a user / computer interface


Help program creation
Access I/O devices
Protect the computer system

Act as a resource manager


Do program creation
Detect errors

Introduction to Computers - 10

Introduction to Computers - 27

18. Name any five modules of SPSS software package.

5. Mention the names of operating system.

SPSS is modular in design. Its core comprises of basic functions. More analytical
power can be added to it by adding other optional SPSS modules. Following are its important
modules:

To activate the computer and to perform different types of activities on computer,


many operating systems are available these days.

SPSS base
SPSS advanced models
SPSS categories
SPSS trends
SPSS conjoint
SPSS programmability extension
SPSS classification trees

SPSS regression models


SPSS exact tests
SPSS tables
SPSS missing values
AMOS
Bivariate statistics

MS-DOS
Windows
Unix
Linux etc

Are few popular operating systems of modern time.


6. What is MS-DOS? Mention any five commands used in MS-DOS.
MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) is one of the most popular, powerful
and useful operating system. It was designed and developed in the initial days of Personal
Computers (PC) by Microsoft Corporation of USA. MS-DOS is Character User Interface
(CUI) based operating system.
Commands in MS-DOS are:

DIR
REN
DEL
CLS
VOL

7. Write command to rename a file in DOS.


REN command is used for renaming an existing file. General syntax for REN
command is as follows:
REN <existing filename> <new filename>
Consider the following example:
C:\>REN DATA.DAT INFO.TXT
This command will change the name of DATA.DAT file to INFO.TXT.
8. Write command to delete a file. (or) Write a DOS command to delete a file.
DEL command is used for removing a file from the disk. In its simplest form, it can
be executed as follows:
DEL < filename>
Here, in this format, filename is the name of the file along with drive reference,
which is to be removed from the disk. To understand the usage of DEL command, consider
the following example:
Introduction to Computers - 26

Introduction to Computers - 11

C:\>DEL DATA.DAT

13. Define the term variance and standard deviation.

This command will remove DATA.DAT file from C: drive.

Variance is the measure of how spread out a distribution. In other words, it is


measures of variability.

9. Write a command to list all the files in a disk.


VARP(number1, number2, )
DIR command is used for displaying the names of all the files residing on media like
floppy, hard disk, CD etc. In its simplest form, it can be executed in the following format:

The standard deviation is the square root of the variance. It is the most commonly
used measure of spread.

C:\>DIR
STDEVP(number1, number2, )
This command will display the names of all the files present on C: disk.
14. What is correlation coefficient and what is its significance?
10. What is called directory in MS DOS?
Directories are group of files which have been put together for easy handling and
manipulation. Each directory may have further sub directories theoretically upto any level.
Directories let you group together files that contain related information.
11. Name the components of window. (or) Mention any 4 windows components. (or) List
out any four components of windows.

CORREL(data set 1, data set 2)


15. Write a short note on statistical packages? (or) What are statistical packages?
Explain. (or) Uses of statistical software in the field of nursing.

Central menu box


Menu bar
Border
Title bar
Minimize
Maximize
Close
Scrollbar

12. List out four short-cut keys in Windows.

The correlation coefficient is a numerical value that identifies the strength of


relationship between variables. Its value varies between 0 and 1. If there is no relationship
between the values, the correlation coefficient is 0 or very low. As the strength of the
relationship between the variables increases so does the correlation coefficient. A perfect fit
gives a coefficient of 1.0.

CTRL+C - Copy
CTRL+X - Cut
CTRL+V - Paste
CTRL+Z - Undo
SHIFT+DELETE - Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item
in the Recycle Bin)
CTRL+A - Select all
F3 key - Search for a file or a folder
ALT+F4 - Close the active item, or quit the active program
ALT+TAB - Switch between the open items

There are many statistical packages available in the market. They can be used for
analyzing the data that has been collected for study. Most of the packages are aimed at
particular types of statistical user. Many of the packages are aimed specifically at biologists,
medics, psychologies or social scientists as these are, apart from statisticians, the major user
of statistics packages. Many of the packages contain a great variety of hypothesis testing
techniques that have been designed to answer the sort of questions that the user ask for their
data.
16. Name any three popular statistical software packages.
Following are few specialized popular statistical packages for mentioned fields:
Package
SPSS
BMDP
Genstat
Systat
GLIM

Field
Social sciences
Biomedical sciences
Agricultural sciences
Psychology
Statisticians

17. What is SPSS? What it is used for?


13. What is the use of Windows explorer? (or) How will you find your files in Windows?
(or) Explain the uses of Windows explorer.
Windows explorer is a tool used for listing files present on the hard disk, the floppy
disk or on the CD.

Introduction to Computers - 12

SPSS is acronym for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. It is GUI based
computer application that provides statistical analysis of data. It provides facilities for indepth data access and preparation, analytical reporting, graphics and modeling.

Introduction to Computers - 25

8. What does chi-square test deal with?


Chi-square tests are widely referred to as test of homogeneity, randomness,
association, independence and goodness of fit. The chi-square test is used when the data are
expressed in terms of frequencies of proportions or percentages. This test applies only to
discrete data, but any continuous data can be reduced to the categories, in such a way that
they can be treated as discrete data.
9. What for t-test is used?
In experimental sciences, comparisons between groups are very common. Usually,
one group is the treatment or experimental group, while the other group is the unrelated or
control group. If patients are randomly assigned to these two groups, it is assumed that they
differ only by chance prior to treatment. Differences between groups after the treatment are
usually used to estimate treatment effect. The task of the statisticians is to determine whether
any observed difference between the groups following treatment should be attributed to
chance or to the treatment. The t-test is commonly used for this purpose.

Explorer display drives, available folders and files in a single window in which it
allows to navigate.
14. What is the use of Recycle Bin? Give its importance. (or) Write about Recycle bin in
windows.
Windows has a new feature the Recycle Bin. All files and / or folders deleted from
the hard disk go to the Recycle Bin, from where they can be restored to undeleted, if
necessary.
15. How will you create a new folder? Write any one method with steps.
Follow the following steps to create a new folder in the root directory:

10. What is the use of regression analysis?

Regression analysis is often used to predict the value of one variable giving
information about another variable. The procedure can describe how continuous variables are
related. Regression analysis is used to examine relationships among continuous variables and
is most appropriate for data that can be plotted on a graph.

16. Mention two differences between DOS and Windows.

11. Define the term ANOVA.


When there are three or more samples, and the data from each sample are thought to
be distributed normally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) may be technique of choice. Oneway analysis of variance is a parametric inferential statistical test that enables the
investigators to compare two or more group averages.
12. Write the method for calculating mean, median and mode.
Average for the given set of numbers is the middle number in the given list of
numbers. Often average is also called mean.
AVERAGE(number1, number2, )
Median is defined as the midpoint in a series of numbers; half the data values are
above the median, and half are below. If there is an even number of numbers in the set, the
median is the average of the two numbers in the middle.
MEDIAN(number1, number2, )

Click in Start button. Point the mouse pointer on Programs and point Accessories
option. Then click on Windows Explorer.
Click on File option from the Main menu. Point the mouse pointer on New option
after that click on the option Folder. A rectangular box containing the highlighted
word New Folder appears.
Type the word XYZ as the name of your new folder. Press the Enter key on the
keyboard.

DOS uses CLI (command line interface), whereas Windows used GUI (graphical
user interface).
DOS does not support networking, Windows does.
DOS is a single user OS, Windows is Multiuser..
DOS is a single tasking OS, Windows is Multitasking..
DOS is a single threading OS, Windows is a Multithreading.

17. Name some of the formatting toolbar button in MS-Word?

Font
Font size
Bold
Italic
Underline
Align left
Center
Align Right
Numbering
Bullets

Mode is defined as the number that repeats or occurs most frequently in the given list
of numbers.
MODE(number1, number2, )

Introduction to Computers - 24

Introduction to Computers - 13

18. List out any for shortcut keys in MS-Word.

Save Ctrl + S
Open Ctrl + O
Print Ctrl + P
Bold Ctrl + B
Italics Ctrl + I
Underline Ctrl + U

19. Write the difference between SAVE and SAVE AS?


Choosing "Save" simply saves your work by updating the last saved version of the file
to match the current version you see on your screen.

UNIT - V
Statistical packages Types and their features.
1. What are statistical?
Statistics is a mathematical science pertaining to:

Data collection and data analysis


Summarizing information to aid understanding
Drawing conclusions from data, and
Estimating the present or predict the future

2. Define population.
Choosing "Save As..." brings up a prompt to save your work as a file with a different
name. For example, you might choose to save a document called "Paper - rev. 3" as "Paper rev. 4". This way, you can save you file at different stages and keep multiple versions on your
hard drive.

In statistics, population means, any collection of individual items or units that is the
subject of investigation. This might include all patients with schizophrenia in a particular
hospital, or all depressed individuals in certain community.

20. What are Header and Footers in MS-Word?

3. Define variable.

Headers are text that appears at the top of every page, and footers contain text that
appears at the bottom of each page.

Characteristics of population that differ from individual to individual are called


variables. Length, age, weight, temperature, pulse rate are few examples of variables.

21. Describe table and its parts briefly.

4. Define sample.

Tables are one of the most powerful features of Microsoft Word. They provide a
means of presenting information in an organized and attractive manner that displays text in a
grid of rows and columns of cells that you can fill with text and graphics.

The sample is a subset of the population selected by investigator to participate in a


research study.
5. Define hypothesis.

In Microsoft Word, tables can be created in number of ways:

Select Insert from the Table menu and then choose Table from the pop-up menu to
display the Insert Table dialog box, from where you can choose the number of
columns and rows required in the document.
Another way of creating a table is to click the Insert Table button on the Standard
toolbar. Drag the mouse along the grid, highlighting the number of rows and
columns for the table.

Hypothesis is a statement or declaration of the expected outcome of a research study.


It is based on logical rationale and has empirical possibilities for testing.
6. Define range.
Range is the simplest method of examining variation among scores and refers to the
difference between the highest and lowest values produced. It shows how wide the
distribution is over which the measurements are spread.

22. What is the mail merge? Explain its uses. (or) Explain Mail Merge in word. (or)
Write short notes on Mail merge.

7. Define the term probability. What do 0 and 1 probability signifies?

If you are working in MS-Word, it provides a facility called Mail Merge. Using this
facility you can create two different files, one file containing data (i.e. names and addresses
of all the users to whom invitation letters have to be sent) and other containing letter (with the
name and address left blank). After creation of these files, they are merged together, so that
one letter is created for each individual. Concept of Mail Merge is illustrated below:

The idea of probability can be regarded as quantifying the chance that a stated
outcome of an event will take place. For example, when a coin is tossed, it has two outcomes,
either head or tail, i.e., 0.5 chance for head and 0.5 chance for tail. When these two chances
are added it gives 1. By convention, probability values fall on a scale between 0
(impossibility) and 1 (certainty).

Introduction to Computers - 14

Introduction to Computers - 23

5. Write a short note on E-Mail. (or) What is an E-Mail? (or) What is meant by Email? (or) List out the applications of Email.

One invitation
letter

E-mail is the paperless method of sending messages, notes or letters from one person
to another or even many people at the same time. It is the important service of Internet to
instantly exchange information across the world. E-mail is very fast and too cheap method of
communication method as compared to the normal mail. One can send e-mail any time and
can any document, text-file, attached file, pictures, graphics, video clippings and sound files.

Name, Address
etc

E-Mail is a method of sending or receiving messages electronically. These messages


may be exchanged between one Internet user and another, irrespective of their geographical
location or type of access.

MS-WORD

Mail Merge
facility

Data of
20 friends

Electronic Mail (E-Mail) is a service for sending or receiving messages over a


computer network. E-mail is a store and forward service and it is conceptually similar to the
regular postal mail service.

Terms and terminology of mail merge are:

When you send an E-mail, the messages is forwarded from one computer to another,
on the network, until it reaches the destination which is the host computer of the recipient.

This message then goes into the recipients system mailbox, which is a file that holds
the users incoming messages. These messages are kept in this mailbox until the recipient
reads it, saves it in a file, or deletes it.
6. Write short notes on Web technology.
Web technologies related to the interface between web servers and their clients. This
information includes markup languages, programming interfaces and languages, and
standards for document identification and display.
7. Write is meant by VIRUS?
A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer.
The term "virus" is also commonly but erroneously used to refer to other types of malware,
adware, and spyware programs that do not have the reproductive ability. A true virus can
only spread from one computer to another (in some form of executable code) when its host is
taken to the target computer; for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet,
or carried it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive. Viruses
can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a network file
system or a file system that is accessed by another computer.

Main document
Data source
Header row
Data

23. What are the various types of charts available in MS-Excel?


Some of the commonly used chart types are:

Column chart
Bar chart
Line chart
Pie chart

24. What is the difference between formulas and functions?


Functions are routines built into the Excel spreadsheet while formulas are defined by
the user, and may include the built-in functions.
25. How can you use Function in your worksheet?
To insert functions, follow the steps given below:

Introduction to Computers - 22

20 letters
(for each
friend)

Click on the cell in which the function is to be entered.


Select Function from Insert menu, or click Paste Function button on the Standard
toolbar to display the Paste Function dialog box.
Click on the Function category, which contains a list of available Function name
in Excel. Next, choose the name of the function to be inserted. Once the desired
function has been selected, click OK.
After this, Excel displays a syntax window to help user to create a function. In this
window, first click on the collapse button (labeled with a red arrow) to the right of
the box labeled Number1 or Value1 (this depend on the function chosen).

Introduction to Computers - 15

Drag the mouse to select the range of cells to be included as the first argument and
press Enter.
To insert additional arguments into the function, repeat the above step.
Click OK to insert the function.

UNIT - IV
Use of Internet and email.
1. What are the types computer networks?

26. List out two functions in MS-Excel. (or) Mention some of the function name in MSEXCEL.

Computer networks can be broadly classified into two categories:

COUNT:

Count function counts the number of cell that contain numbers and numbers within
the list of arguments. Use Count to get the number of entries in a number filed in a range of
array of numbers.

Local Area Network (LAN)


Wide Area Network (WAN)

2. What are the types network topologies?


Following are the different types of topologies:

Syntax: COUNT (value1, value 2, )


MAX
Max function returns the largest value in a set of values.
Syntax: Max (number1, number2, )
MIN
Min function returns the smallest number in a set of values.
Syntax: Min (number1, number2, )
27. What is the use of PowerPoint?
PowerPoint is a component of Microsoft Office that is used to create professionalquality presentations. These can be reproduced on transparency paper, 35m slides, photo print
and on-screen presentations. PowerPoint components can be used to work on slides, organize
presentation content with outlines, and generate speaker notes and audience handouts.
28. What views are available in PowerPoint?
The five PowerPoint views are:

Normal view
Outline view
Slide view
Slide sorter view
Slide show

3. What is Internet? (or) What is meant by Internet? List out its uses in Nursing. (or)
Explain the importance of internet usage in the field of nursing.
When many computer networks of the world were connected together, with the
objective of communicating with others and sharing their resources, Internet was formed. In
other words, Internet is network of computer networks, which spreads across the globe.
4. What is Web Browser?
Web browser is the software, which allows us to easily display web pages and
navigate the web. Broadly this can be grouped into two basic categories:

Text-only browsers
Graphical browsers

Most popular graphical browsers are:

Introduction to Computers - 16

Mesh topology
Bus topology
Star topology
Ring topology
Cellular topology
Tree topology

Internet Explorer
Mozila Firefox
Google Chrome

Introduction to Computers - 21

3. Write the uses of multimedia in nursing.

29. How are slides inserted and deleted in PowerPoint?

Multimedia education or computer-based instruction is currently being used in both


patient and nursing education for staff development, continuing education, general health
information, and informed consent. It can be used to teach content, skills, and concepts, as
well as to simulate situations. Multimedia may be incorporated as a part of other hospital
systems to provide individualized patient education by using actual patient data. Multimedia
as an instructional strategy has some definite advantages and disadvantages that can affect
integration and use. It will be used more and more in the health care environment to provide
consistent, accurate information to nurses and patients.

To insert slide, select New Slide from the Insert menu, or click the New Slide button
on the Standard toolbar.
To delete a slide select the slide and select Delete slide from the Edit menu. To delete
multiple slides, choose the Slide Sorter view, hold down the Ctrl key to select multiple slides
and then click Delete Slide.
30. What is database management system? (or) What is meant Database Management
System?

4. What do you mean by multimedia presentation?


To make the subject-talk effective, managers, salesman, teachers etc., use computer as
supportive tool. For this, they make use of computerized slide shows. To make the slide
shows attractive, they include colored text in different fonts, attractive pictures, impressive
sounds, animation, videos etc., in the slide. Such presentations are called multimedia
presentations. For example, audio, video presentations, prepared with the help of PowerPoint,
Director, 3-D Studio Max etc., are examples of multimedia presentations.

A database management system (DBMS) is the software that allows a computer to


perform database functions of storing, retrieving, adding, deleting and modifying data.
Relational database management systems (RDBMS) implement the relational model of tables
and relationships.
31. List out the names of various databases.
Types of databases:

5. What is meant by video conferencing?


In videoconferencing technology, two or more people at different locations can see
and hear each other at the same time, sometimes even sharing computer applications for
collaboration. Videoconferencing offers possibilities for schools, colleges, and libraries to use
these systems for a variety of purposes, including formal instruction (courses, lessons, and
tutoring), connection with guest speakers and experts, multi-school project collaboration,
professional activities, and community events.
Placing a video call is a lot like placing a telephone call. After you connect, you see
the other person in color video on a TV screen and may be able to transfer files or collaborate
via options such as document sharing or white boarding.

Operational databases
Analytical databases
Data warehouses
Distributed databases
End user databases
External databases

Examples:

DBASE
FOXBASE
FOXPRO
ACCESS
ORACLE
SQL SERVER
DB2

32. List out the names of fundamental database structure.


Five fundamental database structures are:

Introduction to Computers - 20

Hierarchical
Network
Relational
Multidimensional
Object oriented

Introduction to Computers - 17

33. List the data types available in MS-Access.

UNIT - III

The data types available with Access are:

Multimedia Types and uses Computer aided teaching and testing.

1. Write short notes on multimedia. (or) What is meant by Multi-Media?

Text
Memo
Number
Date / Time
Currency
AutoNumber

Multimedia is defined as information representation and presentation modes, which


use the computer resources in integrated form of text, image and graphics, animation, sounds
and videos into a single synchronized presentation.

34. What are the components of MS-Access?


An Access database consists of collection of:

Tables
Queries
Forms
Reports

A multimedia system consists of three key elements: multimedia hardware, operating


system and GUI, and multimedia software development and authoring tools provides a
comprehensive approach for understanding of multimedia system.
2. Write short notes on multimedia elements. (or) What are the types of multimedia
elements? (or) List out the key components of multimedia system.
Following are the main multimedia elements. Multimedia application may involve
any combination of these elements:

that are used to manage and present data. These components are also called database
objects.

Text: Text is the most fundamental element of multimedia applications. Multimedia


text is treated differently from normal text. Normal text is generally presented in single
monotonous color and single font, while multimedia text involves many colors, many fonts
and many styles. The idea behind all this is to make the text attractive and more meaningful.
Graphics: Pictures, graphics images coupled with text make the document impressive
and more communicative. For example, glossy magazine that have many pictures are far
more attractive than newspapers that have more text and few pictures in them.
Sound: Sound is a powerful multimedia element, which is generally included in
applications to either create an impressive environment or emphasize certain strategic part of
the program. For example, displaying a photograph on computer screen, with background
music gives far better impression than displaying it without music.
Animation: Animation is another powerful element of multimedia applications. Often
it is more cost effect than video. It encompasses even those areas, which are far beyond the
reach of videos. For example, atomic structure of an element and role of electrons, protons
and neutrons in it can be demonstrated very well through animation. Obviously this subject
cannot be demonstrated through live videos. Animations coupled with sound can often
outperform other multimedia elements.
Videos: Video is impressive multimedia element. It produces astonishing results. It helps
in creating true relationship with real life environment. For example, including a video of
open-heart surgery can be more effective than any text, picture, speech or animation.

Introduction to Computers - 18

Introduction to Computers - 19

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