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Table 1. Table of interfaces for objects of three media of the informatics domain
i = 1, 2, 3 rows,
j = 1, 2, 3 columns
1
Sense-perceived data
mental representations of data, Socio-communicative medium
semantic information
(sense-perceived data, semantic
concepts (semiotic sign)
information)
Sense-perceived data
digital data,
semantic information
digital information (formcode)
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03.01.09
05.01.01
05.13.00
05.13.01
05.13.11
05.13.15
05.13.17
Physico-mathematical
Biological
Medical
Technical
05.13.19
05.13.20
05.25.00
Documentary Information
Geoinformatics
25.00.35
Physico-mathematical
Philological
Technical
Physico-mathematical
Technical
Physico-mathematical
Geological-mineralogical
Geographic
Technical
Physico-mathematical
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April 2013 marked 50 years since the paper by Gorn The Computer
and Information Sciences: a New Basic Discipline was published [9].
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Fig. 1. Material sphere of objects and phenomena, three media, one-natured entities, and boundary
two-natured entities (sign, formcode, and semcode) [15].
For example, let us describe five projects that are
supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
(RFBR) and the Russian Science Foundation (RScF),
which illustrate the need for the paradigm expansion with
respect to media and explication of these relationships.
In March 2011, the RFBR held a competition of goaloriented basic research on 23 cross-disciplinary themes,
including the theme Fundamentals of Converging
Technologies [33]. The latter theme received a little more
than 40 applications, of which almost half received grants
for projects, including the following two [34]
(1) A study of rhythmic codes of mental activities and
the creation of human cognitive space and a high-level braincomputer interface on this basis (development of the
technology determining the type of mental action by the
electroencephalogram, the distribution of brain rhythms for
certain types of thinking: spatial, imaginative, verbal logic,
and mixed forms, quantitative evaluation of the distance
between the different types of thinking with the definition of
their coordinates on a model of the cognitive space).
(2) Research and development of neuromorphic means
and complex anthropomorphic technical systems (models of
perception and accumulation of knowledge about the
medium and behavior by learning in real time).
The names and brief abstracts make it possible to get a
first glimpse of the problems of these projects. They concern
the complementarity of neuro- and cognitive technologies
and their integration with the ICT. As part of the RFBR
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i = 1, 2, 3, 4
rows,
j = 1, 2, 3, 4
columns
Mental representations of
Mental representations of
data sense-perceived
data digital data,
data,
concepts digital
concepts semantic
information (semcode)
information (semiotic sign)
Mental representations
of data
neurodata,
concepts
neuroinformation
(neuroseme)
Sense-perceived data
Sense-perceived data Sense-perceived data
mental representations of
Socio-communicative
digital data,
neurodata,
medium (sense-perceived semantic information semantic information
data,
semantic information data, semantic information)
digital information
neuroinformation
concepts (semiotic sign)
(formcode)
(neuroalpha)
Neurodata mental
representations of data,
neuroinformation
concepts (neuroseme)
Digital data
neurodata,
Digital medium (digital
digital information
data, digital information) neuroinformation
(neurocode)
Neurodata digital
data,
neuroinformation
digital information
(neurocode)
Neuromedium
(neurodata,
neuroinformation)
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Fig. 2. Neuromedium, neurosemiotic tetrahedron, and four computer codes of its vertices.
A large number of books and papers have been devoted
to the description of neuromedium objects, but this problem
is beyond the scope of this work. In [43, 45], one can find an
extensive bibliography on problems of cognitive
neuroscience, because for many centuries people have
sought to understand the relationship between mind and
brain. However, only in our time it did become possible to
represent the real-time process of brain functioning in
computers and visualize it using the method of functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
This method makes it possible to use objective indicators
of brain functioning by observing quantitative measurements
of brain activity and at the same time fixing the process of
personal subjective thinking. The results of these studies
have a wide range of practical applications (development of
lie detectors, neurocommunicators for the communication
with paralyzed patients, treatment of some diseases, etc.)
[45].
In Table 3, if i j, 10 cells of 12 contain semantic
information, digital information and/or digital data, i.e., they
are related to the domain of informatics as CIS. Cells (1,4)
and (4,1) are examined in cognitive neuroscience. Cells (2,4)
and (4,2) are also investigated in psycholinguistics. At the
same time, cells (1,2) and (2,1) also refer to the domain of
semiotics. Why does the interface table (see Table 3) include
all interfaces for objects of four media and not only
informatics interfaces?
First, the simultaneous visualization of all the interfaces
helps to define the place of informatics in the system of
modern scientific knowledge more precisely. Secondly, the
proposed method for the construction of table interfaces
helps one to predict the emergence of new interfaces not
only for information and communication but also for other
converging technologies.
The separation of the neuromedium makes it possible to
define two new terms, viz., neurosemiotic tetrahedron and
neurosquare. We call the tetrahedron with the vertices
material
object,
concept,
object
name,
and
neuroinformation neurosemiotic. The terms scope is
largely the same as that of the term psychosemiotic
tetrahedron that was introduced by F.E. Vasilyuk with the
vertices object, personal concept, object name, and sensory
fabric (which links the first three vertices)" [46].
The difference between these two tetrahedra is that the
first one describes the any concept (personal, collective, and
conventional) and the second one was defined by Vasilyuk
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Fig. 3. DNA medium, DNA-semiotic tetrahedron, and four computer codes of its vertices.
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Table 4. Table of interfaces for N media of the informatics domain (without numbering of rows and columns)
Neurodata mental
representations of data,
neuroinformation
concepts (neuroseme)
DNA-medium (DNA
data, DNA
information)
DNA data
neurodata,
DNA information
neuroinformation
(neuroDNA)
Neuromedium
(neurodata,
neuroinformation)
Neurodata ?,
neuroinformation ? (?)
2014
? mental
representations of data,
? concepts (?)
? sense-perceived
data
? semantic
information (?)
? digital data,
? digital
information (?)
? DNA data,
? DNA
information (?)
? neurodata,
? neuroinformation
(?)
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Sense-perceived data
mental representations of
data,
semantic information
concepts (semiotic sign)
Mental representations of
Mental representations
Mental representations of
data sense-perceived Mental representations
of data DNA
data neurodata,
Mental representations of data
data,
of data digital data,
data,
...
concepts
?,
concepts semantic
concepts DNA
concepts digital
neuroinformation
concepts ? (?)
information (semiotic
information (semcode)
information (DNA(neuroseme)
sign)
seme)
Sense-perceived data
Sense-perceived data
Sense-perceived data
Socio-communicative
DNA data,
Sense-perceived data ?,
digital data,
neurodata,
medium (sense-perceived
semantic information
semantic information
semantic information
semantic information ?
data, semantic
DNA
(?)
digital information
neuroinformation
information);
information (DNA(formcode)
(neuroalpha)
alpha)
Digital data DNA
Digital data senseDigital data
data,
perceived data,
neurodata,
Digital medium (digital
digital information
Digital data ?,
digital information
digital information
DNA
data, digital information)
digital information ? (?)
semantic
neuroinformation
information (DNAinformation (formcode)
(neurocode)
code)
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25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
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49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
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