SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIAN

MARINE AND FISHERIES RESOURCES

Balancing Economic Growth, Social Equity, and
Environmental Carrying Capacity
Paper Presented at
Symposium on Indonesian Environmental Monitoring 2004 (Strategic Development of
Fisheries and Marine Affairs in Indonesia : Hopes and Their Challenges), Rakusui Hall,
Campus Shinagawa, Tokyo University of Marine Science of Technology
By:
Prof. Dr. Rokhmin Dahuri
Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

Republic of Indonesia
Jakarta, July 8, 2004
INDONESIAN’S PHYSICAL DIMENSION
™ Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the
world with more than 17,500 islands and
81,000 km of coastline (the second longest in
the world, after Canada)
™ Total land area : 1.9 million km2 (25%)
™ Total sea area : 5.8 million km2 (75%)
• Territorial waters : 0.8 million km2
• Archipelagic &
internal water : 2.3 million km2
• EEZ : 2.7 million km2
™ Freshwater ecosystems (lakes, rivers, swamp
areas, reservoirs, etc.) : 54 million ha.
Map of Indonesia
 INDONESIAN’S ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND
CULTURAL DIMENSIONS
™ Total population : 220 million
™ GNP per capita : US $ 700
™ 60% of Indonesian people live within 50 km of the
coastline.
™ 2/3 of Indonesian cities located within the coastal
zone
™ Indonesian is endowed with varied and abundant
natural resources, especially coastal and marine
resources.
™ Since the birth of “Reform Era” (1998) Indonesia has
been acknowledged as the third largest democratic
country in the world after USA and India.
™ Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MoMAF)
has been established since September 1999
 POTENTIALS OF COASTAL AND MARINE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASED ON
NATURAL RESOURCES
A. RENEWABLE RESOURCES
- fish and other living aquatic resources - coral reefs
- mangrove - small island
- etc
B. NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
- oil and gas
- mine and minerals
C. MARINE ENERGY
- wave - tide
- OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) - wind
D. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
- communications and transportations - climate regulator
- recreation and tourism - waste absorption
 POTENTIALS OF MARINE ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT BASED ON NATURAL
RESOURCES

1. Aquaculture (MoMAF)
2. Capture fisheries (MoMAF)
3. Fisheries Processing Industries (MoMAF)
4. Biotechnology Industries (MoMAF)
5. Marine Tourisms
6. Mining and Energy
7. Sea Transportation
8. Maritime industries, Coastal engineering
9. Mangrove (MoMAF/Ministry of Forestry)
10. Small islands (MoMAF)
11. Archeological heritages (MoMAF)
 ECONOMIC DOMAIN OF MoMAF
1. Aquaculture
2. Capture fisheries
3. Fisheries Processing Industries
4. Biotechnology Industries
- Natural products, bioactive substances)
for pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics,
food and beverages
- Bioremediation
- Genetic engineering
5. Small islands
6. Archeological heritages (sunken
treasures)
7. Sea sand mining
8. Non-conventional resources
Marine Capture Fisheries
• MSY = 6.4 million tons/year
• TAC = 5.2 million tons/year
(80% MSY)
• Total Catch = 4.4 million tons (2003)
• Opportunity
for expansion = 0.8 – 2.0 million tons/year
Figure 1. Opportunity of Marine Fisheries Resources
Development by Fisheries Management Zones
95oT 100o 105o 110o 115o 120o 125o 130o 135o 140oT

5oU

0o

5oS

10o
1% - 20%
20% - 40%
40% - 60%
< 1%
15o

1. Selat Malaka; 2. Laut Cina Selatan; 3. Laut Jawa; 4. Selat Makasar dan Laut Flores; 5. Laut Banda;
6. Laut Seram sampai Teluk Tomini; 7. Laut Sulawesi dan Samudera Pasifik; 8. Laut Arafura; 9. Samudera Hindia
 Kelompok Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Perairan
Sumber Daya 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Indonesia

Ikan Pelagis Besar

Potensi (103 ton/tahun) 27.67 66.08 55.00 193.60 104.12 106.51 175.26 50.86 386.26 1,165.36
Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 35.27 35.16 137.82 85.10 29.10 37.46 153.43 34.55 188.28 736.17
Pemanfaatan (%) >100 53.21 >100 43.96 27.95 35.17 87.54 67.93 48.74 63.17
Ikan Pelagis Kecil
Potensi (103 ton/tahun) 147.30 621.50 340.00 605.44 132.00 379.44 384.75 468.66 526.57 3,605.66
Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 132.70 205.53 507.53 333.35 146.47 119.43 62.45 12.31 264.56 1,784.33
Pemanfaatan (%) 90.15 33.07 >100 55.06 >100 31.48 16.23 2.63 50.21 49.49
Ikan Demersal
Potensi (103 ton/tahun) 82.40 334.80 375.20 87.20 9.32 83.84 54.86 202.34 135.13 1,365.09
Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 146.23 54.69 334.92 167.38 43.20 32.14 15.31 156.80 134.83 1,085.50
Pemanfaatan (%) >100 16.34 89.26 >100 >100 38.33 27.91 77.49 99.78 79.52
Ikan Karang Konsumsi
Potensi (103 ton/tahun) 5.00 21.57 9.50 34.10 32.10 12.50 14.50 3.10 12.88 145.25
Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 21.60 7.88 48.24 24.11 6.22 4.63 2.21 22.58 19.42 156.89
Pemanfaatan (%) >100 36.53 >100 70.70 19.38 37.04 15.24 >100 >100 >100
Udang Penaeid
Potensi (103 ton/tahun) 11.40 10.00 11.40 4.80 0.00 0.90 2.50 43.10 10.70 94.80
Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 49.46 70.51 52.86 36.91 0.00 1.11 2.18 36.67 10.24 259.94
Pemanfaatan (%) >100 >100 >100 >100 0.00 >100 87.20 85.08 95.70 >100
Lobster
Potensi (103 ton/tahun) 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.70 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.10 1.60 4.80
Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 0.87 1.24 0.93 0.65 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.16 0.16 4.08
Pemanfaatan (%) >100 >100 >100 92.86 2.50 6.67 10.00 >100 10.00 85.00
Cumi-cumi
Potensi (103 ton/tahun) 1.86 2.70 5.04 3.88 0.05 7.13 0.45 3.39 3.75 28.25
Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 3.15 4.89 12.11 7.95 3.48 2.85 1.49 0.30 6.29 42.51
Pemanfaatan (%) >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 39.97 >100 8.85 >100 >100

Potensi (103 ton/tahun) 276.03 1,057.05 796.64 929.72 277.99 590.62 632.72 771.55 1,076.89 6,409.21
Produksi (103 ton/tahun) 389.28 379.90 1,094.41 655.45 228.48 197.64 237.11 263.37 623.78 4,069.42
Pemanfaatan (%) >100 35.94 >100 70.50 82.19 33.46 37.47 34.14 57.92 63.49

Catatan: 1. Selat Malaka, 2. Laut Cina Selatan, 3. Laut Jawa, 4. Selat Makassar dan Laut Flores, 5. Laut Banda,
6. Laut Seram dan Teluk Tomini, 7. Laut Sulawesi dan Samudera Pasifik, 8. Laut Arafura, 9. Samudera Hindia
 Brackish water Aquaculture Potential by Province
Potency Utilization level
No Provinces
Areas (ha) % Areas (ha) %

1 D.I Aceh 34.800 4,02 42.847 123,12

2 Sumatera Utara 71.500 8,25 6.950 9,72

3 Riau Dta Dta 286 Dta

4 Jambi Dta Dta 100 Dta

5 Sumatera Selatan 16.300 1,88 100 0,61

6 Sumatera Barat 7.700 0,89 3.613 46,92

7 Lampung 6.550 0,76 16.620 253,74

8 Bengkulu 6.850 0,79 143 2,09

9 Jawa Barat 62.650 7,23 54.308 86,68

10 Jawa Tengah 20.000 2,31 27.955 139,78

11 D.I Yogyakarta 1.900 0,22 Dta Dta

12 Jawa Timur 33.800 3,90 60.173 178,03

13 Bali 4.650 0,54 678 14,58

14 Nusa Tenggara Barat 19.200 2,22 7.051 36,72

15 Nusa Tenggara Timur 2.500 0,29 346 13,84

16 Timor Timur 2.600 0,30 26 1,00

17 Kalimantan Barat 91.650 10,58 557 0,61

18 Kalimantan Tengah 115.000 13,27 Dta Dta

19 Kalimantan Selatan 28.600 3,30 2.363 8,26

20 Kalimantan Timur 83.400 9,62 15.428 18,50

21 Sulawesi Selatan 15.850 1,83 84.832 535,22

22 Sulawesi Tenggara 20.050 2,31 13.686 68,26

23 Sulawesi Tengah 5.450 0,63 5.850 107,34

24 Sulawesi Utara 3.400 0,39 689 20,26

25 Maluku 191.150 22,06 45 0,02

26 Irian Jaya 21.000 2,42 213 1,01

TOTAL 866.550 100,00 344.759 40,00

Sumber : diolah dari Ditjen Perikanan (1999)

ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF SHRIMP BRACKISHWATER POND
• If 500.000 ha can be developed, with the productivity on
average of 2 tons/ha/year
• Then, shrimp production = 1,000,000 tons/year
• With price = US$ 10/kg
Total export values = US $ 10 Billion/year.
Notes :
1. Thailand, with coast-line of 2.600 km,
shrimp production = 340.000 ton/year
2. Total production of shrimp production in Indonesia =
80.000 ton (2000)
MARICULTURE
• Coastline = 81,000 km
• Many of the bays and small islands have relatively calm and clean
waters
• Coral reef areas (85,000 km2) the largest in the world
• Mariculture potential = 2,002,680 ha (20% of the total potential of
marine areas are 5 km from coast line)

1) Snapper = 598.120 ha
2) Grouper = 461.600 ha
3) Tiram & kerang darah = 591.800 ha
4) Teripang = 66.660 ha
5) Pearl & abalone = 62.040 ha
6) Sea Weed = 222.460 ha
Total = 2.002.680 ha

• Potential production: ± 46.73 mill. ton/year (Puslitbangkan, 1998)

• Current production (in 2000) = 0.5 mill. ton (very low)
 POTENTIAL OF FRESHWATER FISHERIES
1. Inland waters
• Lake ,
Areas : 141,820 ha
• Reservoir ,
Production : 356,020 ton/year
• River
Value : US $ 1bill.
• Wetland.
2. Freshwater ponds
• Irrigation : 3,755,904 ha Production :
• ponds : 375,800 ha 805,700 ton/year
value:
3. Rice field fisheries
US $ 5.19 bill
• Irrigation : 1,760,827 ha Production :
• Land areas : 880,500 ha 233,400 ton/year

TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE : US $ 6.19 bill/year.

MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
a. Natural Products (Bioactive substances) for pharmaceutical
industry, cosmetics, food and beverage
b. Genetic engineering
c. Bioremediation
• Total export value of seaweed from the Philippines =
US$ 700 million in 1998 (Trubus, December 1999).
Indonesia exported US$ 15 million. only in the same year
• 60% seaweed raw materials of Philippines imported from
Indonesia.
• Export value of marine biotechnology in USA = US$ 4 bill
in 1996 (World Bank and Sida, 1997)
• Export value products of British bioremediation in 1996
= ± US$ 2 bill (ODA, 1997)
ESTIMATE OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF FISHERY RESOURCES

Sustainable Yield Estimated

Commodity
( 1000 ton) Value (US$ million)

Capture Fisheries (sea) 5.006 15.101

Capture Fisheries (fresh 356 1.068
water)
Mariculture 46.700 46.700
Brackish water 1.000 10.000
Aquaculture
Fresh water Aquaculture 1.039 5.195
Potential Marine - 4.000
Biotechnology
Total + Biotechnology - 82.064
™ MARINE TOURISM
¾ Queensland (2100 km coastline)
~ US $ 2.5 BILLION
™ MINING AND ENERGY

™ TRANSPORTATION
¾ Devisa earning for foreign shipping lines
~ US $ 10 billion/year
¾ Multiplier effects
™ MARITIME INDUSTRY: ship-yard, offshore
engineering and structures, fishing gears,
and deep sea water.
 Economic Value of Coastal and Marine
Activities, 1988 (Rp. Billion)
No Sector Econ. Value
1. Oil and Gas Rp. 11,777
2. Industry Rp. 7,588
3. Transportation and Communication Rp. 5,528
4. Shipping and Ports Rp. 4,905
5. Agriculture Rp. 3,674
6. Fisheries Rp. 1,589
7. Tourism Rp. 694
8. Forestry Rp. 295
9. Aquaculture Rp. 274
10. Coastal community activities Rp. 128
11. Mining Rp. 116
Total Rp. 36,568

Source : CIDA/Bappenas (1988)

4Contribution to GDP = 22%
4Direct employment opportunities
= 13.6 millions (CIDA/Bappenas, 1988)
4Based on 1990 constant price, marine
economic values (11 economic sectors)
= Rp. 43,432 billions (24% GDB)
4Direct employment opportunities
= 16 millions (Robertson Group and PT.
Agriconsult, 1992)
 Marine Economic Value of Various
Countries: a Comparison

No. Countries Coast line Contribution to GDP

(km)
(%) Value (US $)
1. Korea
SouthSelatan
Korea 2.713 37 147 bill. (1992)
2. RRC
PRC 32.000 48,4 17.352,6 bill. (1999)
3. Indonesia 81.000 22 28 bill (1988)
4. Jepang
Japan 34.386 54 21.400 bill. (1992)

Sources : Dutton and Hotta, 1996 and Xin, 1999

 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT GENERATED FROM
MARINE AND FISHERIES SECTORS

No Activities Employment
1 Capture fisheries (fishermen) 3,900,000
2 Aquaculture 2,100,000
3 Industrial Bioteknology 50,000
4 Marine Eco-tourism 3,000,000
5 Mining and Energy 72,000
6 Transportation 240,000
7 Maritime Industry 1,200,000
8 Marine Industry Services 60,000
9 Sunken Treasures 10,000
TOTAL 10,632,000
 EXPORT POTENTIAL
Continue to grow :
9 Increase of world population
9 Consumer awareness - seafood for health and intellectual quotient
9 Growth of food, beverage, cosmetics and pharmaceutical
industries – demand for raw material increasing
9 Anti dumping petition for shrimp by the US against Thailand,
China, India, Vietnam, Ecuador and Brazil.
Export Destination :
9 Japan (40%)
9 USA ( 15%)
9 Europe (20%)
9 China (10%)
9 Hongkong (5%)
9 Singapore (5%)
9 Others (5%)
 DOMESTIC MARKET
1. Fishery Products :
9 Contribute 60% of total animal
protein supply
9 Raw material for fish meal
2. Total Population (2002):
+ 220 million
3. Per capita fish consumption (2003) :
24 kg/cap/year
4. Total fish consumption (2002) :
4.8 million tons
 PORTRAY OF THE PAST MARINE AND
FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT

• Economic contribution relatively low

• IUU fishing and illegal sea sand mining
• Environmental degradation
• Most of the fishermen and coastal
community are living under poverty line
(only 25% considered to be prosperous -
dualistic economy).
 CONSTRAINT AND PROBLEMS

1. Lack of national appreciation on the

strategic and economic role/value of
fisheries and marine sector for economic
development
2. Minimum attention (budget), vision and
lack of technology application
3. Human resource development very
limited, lack of infrastructure for
development
 DEVELOPMENT BUDGET
1999 – 2004 (MILLION RUPIAH)
Increase
Budget 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004*)
(% /year)

Development 70,000 763,570 647,952 984,961 1,496,812 1,901,297 28.96

- Rupiah 70,000 96,961 498,700 700,000 1,310,000 1,360,000 136.41

- Foreign Aid 666,609 149,252 284,961 186,812 235,827 1,28
- Special Budget …… ……. …… …… 305,470

Routine 16,390 81,250 113,620 105,640 119,692 110.46

Total 70,000 779,960 729,202 1,098,581 1,602,452 2,020,989 29.03

*)Plan

Note: during the 1st long-term development program until the middle of
second long-term development program, total credit allocated for
fisheries sector only 0,02% from the total allocated credit.
FISHING PORTS: JAPAN, THAILAND AND INDONESIA
1. JAPAN
• Coastal line : 34,000 km
• Number of fishing ports : 3,000
• Ratio : 1 fishing port/ 11 km costal line
2. Thailand
• Costal line : 2,600 km
• Fishing ports : 52
• Ratio : 1 fishing port/ 50 km coastal line
3. Indonesia
• Coastal line : 81,000 km
• Fishing port : 18 (5 PPS and 13 PPN)
• Ratio : 1 fishing port/4,500 km coastal line
 VISION OF MARINE AND
FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT

Marine and fisheries resources as prime

mover of economic development and
national welfare based on social equity
and sustainability
 MISSION
1. To improve welfare of fishermen, fish farmers, and
other coastal communities
2. To increase the contribution of marine and
fisheries sector to sustained economic growth
3. To ensure the sustainability of natural resources
and ecosystems
4. To improve health and intellectual quotient of
Indonesian people through increased fish
consumption
5. To make seas and ocean as national unifying
factor
 DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
1) IMPOWERING COASTAL COMMUNITY, FISHERMEN AND FISH
FARMERS
2) IMPROVEMENT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH OF MARINE AND
FISHERIES SECTOR
3) REHABILITATION AND CONSERVATION OF MARINE AND
FISHERIES ECOSYSTEM
4) TO FOSTER ROLE OF OCEAN AS NATIONAL UNITY AND
MARITIME CULTURE
5) DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION SYSTEM
6) HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
7) FACILITATION OF REGIONAL AUTONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN
MARINE AND FISHERIES SECTOR
8) REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
 ACHIEVEMENTS 2000-2003
1. GDP FISHERIES SECTOR
2. FISH PRODUCTION
3. EXPORT AND TRADE BALANCE
4. FISHERMEN AND FISH FARMERS
5. FISHING VESSELS/BOATS
6. AQUACULTURE AREA
7. FISH CONSUMPTION
8. NON TAX REVENUE
9. PREVENTION OF ECONOMIC LOSSES
10. INCOME OF FISHERMEN AND COASTAL COMMUNITIES
 ACHIEVEMENTS
ACHIEVEMENTS

1.
1. CONTRIBUTION
CONTRIBUTION TO
TO NATIONAL
NATIONAL INCOME
INCOME

BEFORE MMAF 1998 AFTER MMAF 2003

4 MILLION TON FISH PRODUCTION 5.95 MILLION TON

US $ 1.6 BILLION. DEVISA US $ 2.0 BILLION

RP 0 NON TAX REVENUE RP 341 BILLION

RP 25 TRILLION PDB RP 47 TRILLION

US $ 4 BILLION LOSS DUE TO IUU FISHING US $ 1 BILLION

 GDP OF FISHERIES AND NATIONAL GDP, 1999 - 2002
UNIT : Rp billion
Sector 1999 2000 2001 2002 *) 2003 **) Growth
(%)
1999-
1999-2002

FISHERIES 25.932,80 29.509,70 36.654,80 46.610,30 11.890,70 21,72

LIVESTOCK 23.761,20 27.034,60 30.438,20 34.808,90 9.066,50 13,58
ESTATE CROPS 35.966,50 33.744,70 37.491,20 41.919,50 7,257,90 5,58
FOOD CROPS 116.222.50 112.661,20 126.065,20 141.137,40 44.591,30 6,39
FORESTY 13.803,80 14.947,80 15.648,30 16.848,90 4.826,80 6,88

GDP 1.099.731,60 1.264.918,70 1.449.398,10 1.610.011,60 77.633,30 13,56

SOURCE : BPS
**) UP TO 1ST QUATER

Contribution of primary fishery product to GDP

= 2.9% (2002)
= 2.1% (2001)
 Comparison Between Output of Fisheries Sector Vs fish
Percent (%)
Processing Industries
10.00 Fisheries sector

9.00
Fish Processing
8.00 Industries

7.00 Total

6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

-
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Year
2.
2. POLICY/LEGISLATION
POLICY/LEGISLATION

BEFORE AFTER
MMAF 1998 MMAF 2003

NOT AVAILABLE COASTAL LAW IN PROGRESS

NOT COMPLETED FISHERIES LAW ALMOST COMPLETED

1. UTILIZATION GUIDELINES
NOT COMPILED SMALL ISLANDS 2. INVENTORY
3. PROFIL

NOT CONTROLLED SAND MINING UNDER CONTROL

US $ 1.5/M3 SAND PRICE US $ 3.0/M3

3.
3. GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT COMMITMENT
COMMITMENT

BEFORE AFTER
MMAF 1998 MMAF 2003

<RP 70 BILLION BUDGET - >RP 2 TRILIUN

- DEKONS

- MOA
DGF UNDER GOVT. COMMITMENT - DEP. SEA EXPLORATION

MMAF-RI

-
LIMITED SCOPE EMPOWERING FISHERMEN AND FISH FARMER - PEMP

- INBUDKAN

- SPBU 1.260 LOCATION

 PROJECTED ACHIEVEMENTS

PRESENT CONDITION TARGET

2006

5.6 MILLION TON PRODUCTION 9,5 MILLION TON

US $ 2,1 BILLION DEVISA US $ 5 BILLION

3% GDP GDP 10% GDP

RP 300 BILLION NON TAX REVENUE RP 600 BILLION

4,4 MILLION EMPLOYMENT 7,4 MILLION

 FISH CONSUMPTION, 2000-2003

2000 2001 2002 2003 GROWTH

(%)

TOTAL 4.506,93 4.687,64 4.841,55 5.308,68 5,65

(ton)

PER CAPUT 21,57 22,47 22,84 24,67 4,61

(kg / Cap / yr)
 COMBATING ILLEGAL FISHING
FISHING LICENSE ISSUED 17/04/2003
Before Registered Not New Position
Re-registration Registered Licence 4/17/2003

Number of Companies 1,800 1,162 638 733 1,895

T o t a l A llo c a t e d F 19,000 7,378 11,622 1,578 9,000

Total fishing Vessel 7,369 4,128 3,241 2,830 6,958

SPI 6,925 3,767 3,158 1,983 5,750
SIKPII 249 219 30 164 383
SIKPPII 68 62 6 19 81
SIKPIA 56 44 12 48 92
SPKPIA 71 36 35 52 88
SIPI 564 564
SIKPPIA 5 5
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS OF
FISHERIES AND MARINE
SECTOR 2004-2009
 CAPTURE FISHERIES
1. Sustainable and Optimal utilization of fishery
resources:
a. Relocation of fishermen from “overfished”
to “underfished” areas
b. Modernization of traditional fishing fleets
c. Revitalization of infrastructures

2. Fostering social welfare of fishermen

through provision of productive
economic assets including banking
facilities, fishermen housing, training
and extension.
3. Development of integrated business unit in
fishing ports and other landing places
4. Combating IUU fishing practices

5. Combating destructive fishing practices

through promotion of “public awareness”,
provision of sustainable alternative
livelihood and law enforcement
6. Development of Outer Ring Fishing Ports
 Distribution of Outer Ring Fishing Ports
AN IC OCEANIC
OCE Outer Fishing Por
t

Ou t
SABANG er F
i shin
g Po OC
rt EA
BELAWAN
NUNUKAN NI
C
BITUNG
PEMANGKAT
TERNATE
SIBOLGA
BIAK
Ou
ter
Fis
hin BUNGUS
g Por
t KENDARI AMBON
BAROMBONG
OC JAKARTA
E AN BRONDONG
CILACAP
IC PENGAMBENGAN
TUAL
Ou MERAUKE
ter TL.AWANG
Fis KUPANG
hin
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OCE Outer Fishin
A NIC g Port

OCEANIC
AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

1. Revitalization of brackish water shrimp

aquaculture

2. Extension program both for black tiger and

vannamae.

3. Intensification Program, Integrated

Aquaculture, Rural Aquaculture, Fisheries-
Based Aquaculture, and Green Aquaculture
Production
4. Diversification of freshwater, brackish water
and mariculture
5. Development of high quality low priced and
environmentally friendly feeds
6. Selective Breeding for shrimp, grouper,
seaweed, tilapia to produce SPF fries;
7. Biosecurity
8. Development of GIS
FISH PROCESSING AND MARKETING
1. Revitalization of canning industry, fish meal,
cold storage, etc. to promote high efficiency
and competitiveness

2. Product development and diversification .

3. Development of hygienic fish markets

4. Improvement of transportation and

distribution system including development
of cool-chain system
 Conti……..

5. Promotion of fish consumption

6. Development of raiser for ornamental fishes
7. Board of commodities : shrimp, tuna,
seaweed, pearl, etc.
8. Promote export of fish and fishery products
 BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY

1. Sleeping drugs from sea horse

2. Industrial salt (99% NaCl)
3. Tetrodotoxin from puffer fish
4. Chitosan from crab shell as anti-
cholesterol
5. Chitin from shrimp waste
6. Etc.
SMALL ISLANDS DEVELOPMENT
TOOLS TO FACILITATE ECOLOLOGICAL
SUSTAINABILITY OF SMALL ISLANDS
DEVELOPMENT:

1. Bonds, colateral fee, and

environmental insurance;

2. Enforcement of procedure for

environmental analysis
 SUNKEN TREASURES
Utilization of sunken treasures needs a thorough
research and exploration with high cost
Threats of illegal and irresponsible treasure
hunters
1. Formulation of legal procedures for
exploration and utilization of sunken
treasures
2. Formulation of directives and
guidelines for the exploration and
utilization of sunken treasures
3. Environmental impacts
4. Exploration permit has to be very
selective
5. Involvement of government
6. Profit sharing (win-win solution)
7. Bank guarantee
8. Involvement of local community
 NON-CONVENTIONAL MARINE
RESOURCES

Current policy:
1. Development of deep sea and high sea
resources
2. Development of mineral resources in the
coastal, territorial sea, EEZ and open seas
3. Development of OTEC (Ocean Thermal
Energy Conversion)
4. Development of marine information
system
 NATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR MARINE AND
FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT (GERBANG
MINA BAHARI)
1. THEME : “FOSTERING THE GROWTH OF MARINE AND
FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT TO ENHANCE NATIONAL
WELFARE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS”
2. GOAL :
1. To improve the welfare of fishermen, fish farmers
and coastal communities
2. To improve foreign exchange earnings and PDB
3. Create more employment opportunities
4. To improve per capita fish consumption and
provision of raw material for processing industry
5. Maintain sustainable ecosystem.
 TARGET
SCENARIO WITHOUT GMB (BUSINESS AS USUAL) 2006

1. FISH PRODUCTION : 8 million ton

2. DEVISA : US $ 3 billion
3. CONTRIBUTION TO GDP : 5%
4. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTINY : 6.6 million
5. PER CAPITA FISH CONSUMPTION : 25 kg
6. SEA TRANSPORTATION : US $ 10 billion
7. MARINE ECO-TOURISM : US $ 1.5 billion

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 TARGET
SCENARIO WITH GMB (2006)

1. FISH PRODUCTION : 9.5 million ton

2. DEVISA : US $ 5 billion
3. CONTRIBUTION TO GDP : 10 %
4. EMPLOYMENT : 7.4 million
5. FISH CONSUMPTION : 30 kg
6. SEA TRANSPORTATION : US $ 10 billion
7. MARINE ECO-TOURISM : US $ 5 billion
 PREREQUISITES
-INDONESIAN FISHERIES INCORPORATED
-FROM “SOFT STATE” TO “HARD STATE”
(Gunar Myrdal, 1968)