PileBuck 2013v29i4

HARWICH, MA: MANAGING THE WATERFRONT WITH COASTAL ENGINEERING CO.
PUBLISHED 6 TIMES A YEAR
EST. 1984
2013
VOLUME 29
ISSUE 4
THE INTERNATIONAL PILE DRIVERS, DEEP FOUNDATIONS

& MARINE CONTRACTORS MAGAZINE
DSC DREDGE
SHOWS US WHAT
WE NEED TO KNOW
PLUS
MAXIMIZING HELICAL PILES
VIBRATED BEAM TECHNOLOGY
On Superstorm Sandy-Affected Homes
Slurry Wall Construction on Dikes
SHEET PILE INSTALLATION
A Guide from Pile Driving by Pile Buck
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CONTENTS
VOL.29 NO.4 2013
THE INTERNATIONAL PILE DRIVERS, DEEP FOUNDATIONS & MARINE CONTRACTORS MAGAZINE
COVER STORY
38
DREDGING
What You Need to Know
JOB STORY
10
HELICAL PILES RAISE HOMES

TO A NEW STANDARD
Northeast/Mid-Atlantic
12
CREATING MARINE SOLUTIONS

FOR HARWICH
Massachusetts
18
SLURRY WALLS: VIBRATED

BEAM TECHNOLOGY FOR
REPAIR OF LEAKING DIKES
Tacoma, WA
FEATURE
28
SHEET PILE INSTALLATION

From the Book Pile Driving by Pile Buck
IN EVERY ISSUE
4
6
8
46
51
52
PILE BUCK CARTOON

EDITORS NOTE
FEATURED PHOTO
INDUSTRY EVENTS
PILE BUCK CLASSIFIEDS
ADVERTISER INDEX
LEFT: Completed vibrated beam slurry wall

on dike by Slurry Systems, Inc. - Tacoma, WA
pilebuck.com | Vol.29 No.4 2013 | Pile Buck Magazine
EST. 1984
Pile Installation Recorder

Was there really a time when
augercast piles were installed without it?
THE INTERNATIONAL PILE DRIVERS, DEEP

FOUNDATIONS & MARINE CONTRACTORS MAGAZINE
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Everything you
need to know
for great
performance,
in the cab,
in real time.
Alex Smoot
Managing Editor
W. David Engle, MBA
Contributor & Retired
Constructioneer
Don C. Warrington
Consultant
Joshua Thomas
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Graphic Design
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EDITORS NOTE
Pile Buck
Goes Deep
hen you grow up on the East Coast of

Florida, you learn what dredging is around
the time you learn to tie your shoes. Why?
Because its necessary.
Dredging was needed to drain the land for residential

use. Dredging is needed to restore the natural shoreline
barriers eroded by hurricane damage.
With the increasing marine traffic and larger vessels,
rivers and canals must be enlarged. With construction
and reclamation projects, dredging is needed to provide sand and gravel. Dredging is even used to recover
precious metals and minerals.
Although controversial at times, dredging is vital,
not just to Florida, but beaches, waterways, and ports
around the world. Ill let DSC Dredge and Coastal
Engineering enlighten you more on the issue.
Be sure to read Danbros study of helical piles in the

post-Hurricane Sandy era and Slurry System Inc.s
vibrated beam technology for repairing leaking dikes.
As you have probably noticed from our frequent job
stories and interviews, we dont like to solely re-publish
old source manuals. We like to dig deep and try to bring
something new each issue.
Something you wanted but didnt expect.
Even though Pile Buck is usually considered a news
magazine, a little education never hurt anyone. In this
issue, I wanted to include an excerpt from our Pile
Driving by Pile Buck literature on installing sheet pile.
When Im sitting at the Pile Buck booth at a convention
and a visitor tells me he appreciated the Micropile and
Construction Guidelines we included in our Issue 29-1,
its a good feeling to know we spread a little knowledge.
It is our hope to do the same with this issue.
Alex Smoot, Editor

Alex@PileBuckInternational.com
Winner of the DFIs 2013 Ben C. Gerwick

Award for Innovation in Design and
Construction of Marine Foundations,
the Bauer Seabed Drill 3000, prepares
for deployment to the ocean oor while
operated from its support vessel.
Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.29 No.4 2013 | pilebuck.com
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The result is underground walls to fortify the
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in a future Pile Buck issue.
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JOB STORY
HELICAL PILES RAISE

HOMES TO A NEW STANDARD
uperstorm Sandy has

created some unique challenges for homeowners,
house raisers, and pile
drivers alike. In addition to
navigating the heretofore
uncharted waters of regulatory compliance (code enforcement, FEMA, etc.),
homeowners need to select from an
array of professionals as well. Architects, engineers, general contractors,
house raisers, pile drivers, and other
subcontractors will investigate, design,
supervise and complete the work.
Brigantine mayor, Phil Guenther, said
that in his community, the low-lying
north end of the island requires homes
to be constructed on driven piles. The
challenge for homeowners, who are
now placed in a (velocity) zone and are
faced with elevating their homes, is
still daunting for both a financial and
a logistical standpoint, Guenther said
[Watson, Sarah. Christie Orders Unified Height for Rebuilding. The Press
of Atlantic City 25 Jan. 2013: A1. Print.]
One of the unique issues for homeowners in V-zones is where to move the
house while installing piling support to
meet FEMAs new baseline flood elevation requirements. Long time barrier
island resident and Danbro Distributors Seminar Manager, Pat Haffert,
10
summarized the problem: The barrier

islands are overbuilt and there is no
place to move homes to be able to
install timber piles (the traditional
fix) beneath them. Helicals can be
pricey, Haffert stated, but not nearly
as much as the cost associated with
relocating a house during the process
which also is complicated and risky
even if you have the room to do it.
Reported collapses in Little Egg Harbor, NJ and Belmar, NJ demonstrate
the risks of moving the existing homes.
Many house raisers are avoiding the
bother, expense, and risk of moving the
structure, deciding instead to lift them
straight up and install helical piles below. The less movement of the structure, the better off you are, observed
Chuck Hennessy, a project manager for
S. J. Hauck House Lifters.
Helical Piers are segmented piles,
explained Art Kozoil of South Jersey
Helical Piers. They come in 5' or 7'
lengths, so we can work under the
structure after it has been cribbed up
not requiring the home to be relocated
as in the installation of timber piles.
Frank DAngelo of Danbro Distributors represents the Chance Helical
Pier System in the Northeast and MidAtlantic region. He has seen a widespread use of helicals in this unique
DANBRO DISTRIBUTORS
3700 South 26th Street
Philadelphia, PA 19145
(215) 271-7700
sandy@danbro.com
www.danbro.com
application. We have seen our certified installers use pipe, square shaft,
and the patented Helical Pulldown
Micropile to support homes from
New England to the Jersey Shore,
DAngelo said. We think the Helical
Pulldown Micropile offers the best
approach in many areas where scouring or corrosion may be an issue. That
way, you cover all the bases and you
have a continuous foundation element, which is preferred by FEMA.
DAngelo suggested homeowners
visit Danbros The Sandy Solution
page (www.thesandysolution.com) to
review this unique approach or contact Danbro for referrals to certified
installers for pricing.
Take advantage
Ta
of monthly
mill production
excess in full
or mixed truck
loads20 ton
lots for yourr
test piles.
Chris Ragan, Pipe Piling
Product Manager, Atlas Tube
Not all pipe piling suppliers are the same.

Atlas Tube is the largest construction supplier of straightseam ERW pipe piling products (up to 20" in Chicago and
16" in Harrow)and it's easy to see why. With Atlas Pipe
Piles, we break away from the larger-mill mentality, taking a
proactive approach to meeting all your project requirements.
For more information, or to inquire about

availability and inventory, call 800.733.5683
or visit atlaspipepiles.com/stronger
JOB STORY
By Donald K. Munroe and Jason R. Norton
CREATING MARINE
SOLUTIONS FOR HARWICH
arwich, Massachusetts
is a seaside town located
on Cape Cod that has
approximately four miles
of coastal frontage on
Nantucket Sound consisting of four harbor channels and twelve
public beaches. Over the years, the
channels were dredged and sand was
placed on the beaches to replenish
receding shorelines down drift from
channel jetties.
Like many municipalities throughout
the country, dredging projects in Harwich were limited or stopped entirely
due to budget cuts at the federal and
state levels. This, coupled with the
aging condition of harbor jetties that
impeded the natural long shore drift of
sand, caused Harwichs channels to fill
in and its beaches to be starved of sand.
The town enlisted the services of
Coastal Engineering Co., Inc. (CEC) to
review its state and federal dredging
permits, which numbered into the hundreds, for the towns waterfront assets.
This included an array of local, state,
and federal permits including Water
Quality Certificates, Chapter 91 permits, and Army Corps of Engineers permits each with different expiration
dates, conditions, and restrictions. It
was clear the town needed to organize
its dredge/replenishment program and
streamline the permit process in order
to protect its harbors and coastline
and so, the process began to find a
solution to the towns ongoing dredge/
beach nourishment situation.
CECs proposed solution called for
a comprehensive, town-wide dredge
and beach nourishment permit. When
12
the final combined permit was issued

in 2010, all four channels in Harwich
were successfully dredged, and the
displaced sand was used at the various
town beaches. The permit allows for
ongoing maintenance dredging for up
to ten years and also provides a medium whereby shorefront property owners in Harwich have an opportunity to
have their private beaches replenished
with sand as well. CECs project team
(the project team) guided the town in
establishing a public bidding process
so that any individual or group of individuals with shorefront property can
bid for the sand to be placed on their
beach at a cost far below the cost of
trucking the same volume of material
to a residential site.
During the process of dredging the
channel at Allen Harbor, it was determined that the inner harbor itself was
silted in. What was once a relatively
deep water basin approximately 6'
to 7' of depth at mean low water when
first dredged in 1926, had become a
mud hole with 3' to 4' of depth at mean
low water. The town of Harwich again
enlisted the services of CEC to research
dredge and disposal options, design
a dredge plan and obtain permits
necessary to facilitate the removal and
disposal of sediments from the harbor.
Research revealed that the harbor
was shallow at low tide due to silting in
from surrounding, eroding marshland.
Hydrographic surveys and sediment
sampling revealed that over 50,000
cubic yards of silt would need to be
removed in order to return the harbor
to a healthy state and a navigable depth
of 6.0 at mean low water. Options to
remove dredge spoils included hydraulic dredging, bucket dredging, and

excavator dredging. Based on preliminary studies, it was determined that
the most effective approach would be
to process the dredge spoils into solid
wafers and remove to the town landfill.
However, a provision was included in
the bid documents that allowed the
dredge contractor to have the option of
off-shore disposal which ultimately
proved to be the more cost effective option based on the lowest bid received.
Next, the project team collected soil
boring samples that were analyzed
by Aquatech Biological Sciences, Inc.
and, together, made an application for
a modification to the ACOE permit.
The ACOE concurred with the findings and issued a modification to the
permit to allow the dredge material to
be disposed at the Massachusetts Bay
Disposal Site (MBDS). With the modified off-shore disposal permit being
the most effective option, the Town of
Harwich agreed to move forward with
the project whereby the harbor would
be dredged by mechanical means and
the dredge material would be loaded
onto scows and moved by tug boat to
the MBDS for disposal.
The approvals process to dredge
Allen Harbor began in 2008. Generally
speaking, projects involving oceans,
rivers, marshes, etc. are subject to strict
regulations under state law and the Allen Harbor dredging project was no different. Massachusetts has an additional
layer of regulatory review through the
Massachusetts Wetlands Protection
Act which was designed to protect
wetland resource areas against any
unauthorized alterations. The project

was fully permitted in 2011 and excavation began in 2012.
Due to contractual issues, the start
of the excavation of the harbor was delayed. To expedite the project, a second
hydraulic dredge was brought on site
to assist with sediment removal. The
initial Order of Conditions issued by
the Town of Harwich allowed for the
construction of dewatering pits at two
town-owned beaches which allowed
the hydraulic dredge to operate without interfering with the mechanical
dredge. With a hydraulic dredge on the
project, the rate at which spoils could
be removed increased. Working with
the local Conservation Commission and

the DEP Water Quality Department,
the project team received approval for
the disposal permits to be amended to
allow the hydraulic dredge to pump
sand to one of the approved beaches
and construct a berm. The bermed area
would serve as a dewatering pit for the
spoils for the remaining time period
of active dredging. Once the dredge
spoils were dewatered, the project team
worked with the Town of Harwich
to obtain an amendment to the initial
permit to dispose of the material at the
Town Landfill. Therefore, the Beneficial Use Determination was amended to
include the dewatered dredge material
that could be used at the landfill as

wind and view berms.
With disposal permitting complications resolved, the project team faced
a new challenge. The delay in the start
date of excavation caused the project
timeline to extend into the Environmental Time of Year (T.O.Y.) restriction
window, thus requiring the project
team to obtain an extension from the
Department of Water Quality and
Marine Fisheries. Although the permit
extension was granted, the situation
became compounded by the fact that
the time extension overlapped with
the winter flounder spawning season.
To protect winter flounder spawning
13
JOB STORY
areas, there are definitive months of
the year when these protected areas
may not be disturbed and all work is restricted. In order for work to continue,
a T.O.Y. extension was required.
A T.O.Y. extension is seldom allowed
and, if approval is granted, a very
comprehensive plan detailing how the
spawning species will be protected
during any work phase is mandatory. Working with marine biologist
consultants, a dredge protocol and an
outline of safety measures to protect
the spawning area that was acceptable to the environmental agencies
was established. The dredge protocol
included the installation of a bottomanchored silt fence, which established
a winter flounder embayment, separate
from the dredge operation. Additionally, data was collected via weekly
underwater video monitoring to track
the presence of winter flounder; bimonthly dive excursions were carried
out to inspect the silt fence area for
the presence of winter flounder; and
the harbor bottom temperature was
tracked. The protocol also mandated
that if winter flounder were present in
the project area at any time during the
T.O.Y. extension, the dredge operation
would cease. Approval for the T.O.Y.
extension was granted and the project
continued until the dredge requirements were satisfied.
With the town-wide dredge/beach
nourishment program operating effectively, the Town of Harwich was also
interested in a conditions assessment
and capital planning budget for five
town-owned marine facilities including
Saquatucket Harbor, Wychmere Harbor, Allen Harbor, Herring River, and
Round Cove.
The scope of services for the project
included an assessment of the current
conditions of each facility including
existing bulkheads, boat ramps, docks,
buildings, and parking areas (design
and drainage). Each site was evaluated
for performance and stability, then systematically analyzed for repair or replacement options, and cost estimated
for capital budget planning purposes.
14
First, existing record plans and documentation provided by the town were
collected and reviewed along with other
available data and resource information
for each area. Site investigations and
various materials testing for components of the marine facilities listed were
also performed. These investigations
created the foundation for prioritized
lists of recommendations, and were the
basis for the creation of both short- and
long-term planning needs.
The approach for the project called
for an inventory and inspection at
each designated municipal facility.
The scope of services included initial
meetings with Town officials and
local stakeholders, as well as a basic
engineering reconnaissance including
structural and civil engineering investigation and evaluation of the existing
facilities, materials testing, and related
aspects of the inspection. Field crews
were utilized to inspect structural
items in the project areas required,
including bulkheads, docks, parking
areas, and boat ramps.
Concrete soundings were taken
at various locations of the existing
deteriorated concrete bulkhead, wall,
and foundation sections via hammer
tapping and other similar audible
procedures at accessible areas of the
four sections. Based upon these field
audible tests, along with minor chipping of loosened concrete spalls and
delamination, determination of the
extent of concrete deterioration was
ascertained. Visual evaluations were
performed on all visible, exposed
portions of concrete to determine the
probable cause and extent of spalling,
cracking or other detrimental qualities
of the concrete. Concrete sections that
indicated evidence of extensive deterioration were sampled using a hand
coring drill in order to secure test cores
for laboratory analysis. Core samples,
where required, were obtained where
concrete wall or bulkhead structures
exist. The cores were subjected to
laboratory analysis for petrographic
examination and additional testing
in order to determine the overall
quality of concrete, durability, extent

of microcracking, chloride ion content,
carbonation, sulfate attack, etc.
Bulkhead, wall, soldier piles, fiberglass and timber piles, and building
foundation systems were measured
for horizontal and vertical deviations
where possible in order to determine
the extent of deformations and deflections. Methods and tools including
plumb-bob with tape measure,
inclinometers, or magnetic polycast
protractors were used in order to
determine the extent of structure or
section offsets. Timber piles, dimensional lumber, decking, and other wood
materials were probed or slightly shave
cut (where accessible) to determine the
extent or depth of deterioration and/
or sectional loss. At timber piles, a portion of the pile was shaven to a smooth
surface in order to gain an accurate
circumference reading with a loose
tape measure. Structural steel sections
including soldier piles in bulkhead systems, connectors, brackets, hardware,
etc. were evaluated visually and, where
accessible, coatings and oxidation were
removed at various test locations to
expose bare clean metal substrate in
order to determine the section loss. Site
buildings, guardrails, railings, floats
and similar site appurtenances were
visually evaluated for general load
capacity, lateral stability, conditional
assessment via decay, deterioration
and weathering, wear and tear, and
expected structural life expectancy.
Site buildings, appurtenances,
wharf, dock, bulkhead, pile, float,
elevated walks, etc. were reviewed
for building technologies conditional
assessments where appropriate. Items
such as roofing, cladding, sealants,
bumpers, signage, functionality
of doors, windows, gates, latches,
hardware, etc. were included with the
evaluations of these systems. Overall,
a rating system, which included present condition, structural capacities,
life expectancy, life/safety issues, and
similar qualifications, was used in
order to establish the severity of the
present harbor system conditions.
Options toward repair of these systems in order to extend their serviceable life, or assign partial or complete
replacement, were also considered for
each of these systems.
The existing parking lot grading and
storm water management systems in
the Herring River, Wychmere Harbor,
Allen Harbor and Saquatucket Harbor
parking areas were evaluated. Items
including catch basins, manholes,
pipes, and outfalls were reviewed to
determine functionality. The overall
system was evaluated to determine
improvements that may be necessary
to upgrade the systems to comply with
the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protections Storm Water
Management Policy.
The project team provided the Town
with a comprehensive evaluation of its
existing marine facilities that serves as a
useful tool for long-term strategic planning objectives for the management of
its resources. Recommendations made
by the project team have been utilized to
improve operations in terms of functionality and overall awareness at several
vital waterfront facilities, including
suggestions made to address a timesensitive situation at the Allen Harbor
facility. The Town enlisted the services of CEC to conduct an engineering
analysis of the facilitys decaying timber
bulkhead and parking area drainage
issues. Subsequently, the project team
prepared an engineering design and
secured environmental permitting for
the replacement of the bulkhead and for
the reconstruction of the parking lot,
including drainage improvements and a
revised traffic layout. Today, the Allen
Harbor facility provides quality service
with a new marine structure and a more
efficient parking area.
Recommendations made by the
project team have also been incorporated into the Towns capital budget
planning process. Town officials have
a guiding document that allows them
to monitor marine facilities, budget
and plan for future repairs, and manage the current waterfront facilities
with greater ease and efficiency.
15
B E L O W GRADE
F O U N DATIONS
HIGHWAY
TRANSPORTATION
SU PPORT OF
EXCAVATION
D EEP
F O U N DATIONS
M ARINE/
PORT
EART H
RET EN T I ON
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JOB STORY
By Dana Wesolek, P.E. and David Pachan - Slurry Systems, Inc. and Todd Parkington, P.E. - URS Corporation
SLURRY WALLS: VIBRATED

BEAM TECHNOLOGY FOR
REPAIR OF LEAKING DIKES
Tacoma, WA
INTRODUCTION
KEY FACTS OF VIBRATED BEAM TECHNOLOGY
t Ease of installation on narrow dikes or
sites with limited widths.
t May be constructed to depths in
excess of 100.
t May be constructed at a batter to
contain small streams and canals.
t No excavation required (except for a
reservoir trench at surface).
18
t Ability to construct corners and

create curves.
t Identication of conning layer
with each beam penetration.
t Continuous wall is ensured due to
path of least resistance and overlap.
t High level of quality control.
t Use of pure pre-designed slurry.
For purposes of this paper, the term

slurry wall refers to a non-structural
slurry wall. The deep foundation
industry tends to interchangeably use
the term slurry wall to mean either a
structural, a.k.a. diaphragm wall, or a
non-structural slurry wall, a.k.a. vertical barrier wall.
The vibrated beam technology came
to the United States in the early 1970s.
It was introduced into this country by
Fred Schmednecht of Slurry Systems,
Inc. (SSI). SSI is known as the originator of the Vibrated Beam Technology in
North America. SSI has over 40 years
of experience with the vibrated beam
technology with 150+ self-performed
successful projects from coast to coast
in North America. SSI has had zero
projects recalled with 100% satisfaction,
100% of the time.
For years, the vibrated beam technology has successfully constructed
slurry walls to control the horizontal
flow of groundwater, either for
dewatering or chemical containment
purposes. Over the past decade, the
need for repairing leaking dikes and/
or strengthening weak dikes has
become more prevalent in the United
States. The vibrated beam technology
has proven to be an excellent option
for slurry wall construction on dikes
The Fundex F12 moving into position on dike. The

reservoir trench shown indicates the maximum
excavation required for vibrated beam technology.
due to its constructability. Unlike

the other available methods, the
vibrated beam technology enables a
pure slurry wall to be constructed
on dikes with widths of 16' or wider
with minimal subsurface material
excavation at depths in excess of 100'
with the ability to locate and then key
into the confining layer with each
beam penetration.
This project required a self-hardening slurry wall of 300 LF at an average
depth of 37' (approx. 11,100 square feet)
with an average thickness of 6". It was
unique in that it allowed a visual display of the effectiveness of the vibrated
beam technology in controlling the

horizontal flow of water through the
dike. The day after the wall installation
passed the location of the visibly seeping water, the seep dried completely.
It may be viewed as a test section for a
much larger scale project.
URS provided engineering services for
design of the slurry wall and construction oversight for the project. The design
was based on a subsurface investigation
of the site that indicated a confining clay
layer at a depth of about 35 feet below
the ground surface. The design depth
for the wall included penetrating the
clay layer by 2 feet. The primary location
of the seepage was just east of one end

of the sedimentation pond. The wall
was designed to extend along the entire
length of the pond and beyond the seep
by approximately 100 feet, for a total
wall length of about 300 feet.
SITE DESCRIPTION/HISTORY
The subject site is situated within the
Port of Tacoma, along the Blair Waterway in the State of Washington. The
Blair Waterway is an active industrial
and commercial navigable waterway
with the Ports Industrial Development
District adjacent to Commencement
19
JOB STORY
Overall site view of construction at Port

of Tacoma, WA. Slurry Systems, Inc.
(shown in yellow at center) on narrow
dike constructing slurry wall.
Bay and within the City of Tacoma. It is

suitable for transit by the largest shipping vessels in the world.
Lime production operations began at
the site in 1962 prior to that, the site
was a US Government naval yard. Graymont became the owner in the mid-90s
and produces lime for commercial sale.
Operations at the plant include barge
loading and unloading (from a dock on
the Blair Waterway), limestone storage,
lime production using a kiln, and lime
packaging and shipment. Most of the
lime produced at the facility is further
processed to produce precipitated
calcium carbonate (PCC). The PCC is
20
shipped offsite for commercial use as a

filler in paper.
Stormwater and process water generated by the facilitys operations must be
treated to limit solids and manage pH
before being discharged to the Blair Waterway. Treatment includes directing the
water through settling ponds and mixing
tanks to control pH between 6 and 9.
Over time, a seep to the Blair
Waterway developed near one of the
settling ponds located adjacent to the
Blair Waterway. In the most recent
renewal of Graymonts National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
permit for the site, the Washington
State Department of Ecology required

Graymont to control the seepage. After
reviewing different potential methods
for controlling the seep, Graymont
selected a barrier wall as the best alternative and selected URS Corporation to
provide design services for the wall.
DESIGN
Purpose of Slurry Wall. The purpose of the slurry wall was to provide
a continuous and stable barrier to the
horizontal flow of groundwater. The
slurry wall was designed to have an average width of 6 inches, to be composed
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JOB STORY
of attapulgite clay and slag cement, and
to have a hydraulic conductivity of less
than or equal to 1 10-7 cm/sec. It was
anticipated that the slurry wall length
would be approximately 300 linear feet
and would key into the confining layer
a minimum of 2'.
Criteria and Selection of Method
of Construction. Due to the size of the
site, narrowness of the earthen dike, and
the need to locate the confining layer,
the conventional slurry wall construction technique was not a recommended
option. The vibrated beam technology
was the ideal technology for remediating the seepage along the narrow
earthen dike between the two water
bodies. A 14-inch fin was to be used as a
guide to ensure a continuous wall.
Criteria and Selection of Slurry.
The mix design was to meet an in-situ
hydraulic conductivity of less than or
equal to 1 10-7 cm/sec and unconfined
compressive strength of 20 psi minimum. Caustic was added to the slurry, a
combination of attapulgite clay and slag
cement, to reduce its set time as it was
important to timely place the settling
pond back into production. A 2' 2'
crushed limestone cap was installed by
a separate contractor to protect the top
of the slurry wall.
VIBRATED BEAM CONSTRUCTION

- EQUIPMENT
Description. The construction process consists of vibrating a steel beam
from the surface to the specified depth
while a premixed slurry is injected
(during beam penetration and extraction) through nozzles affixed to the
bottom of the beam. After the beam attains its required depth, it is extracted
at a controlled rate to fill the void left
by the beam extraction, creating an
in-ground panel of slurry (Schmednecht 1999). This process is repeated
along the wall alignment, with each
beam insertion overlapping the previously inserted panel (Brunette 1994).
Each in-ground panel of slurry has an
approximate wall thickness of four
inches. For this project, modifications
22
With vibrated
beam technology,
Slurry Systems, Inc.
keeps the reservoir
trench full of
slurry for quality
control purposes.
were made by SSI for the wall to have

an average thickness of six inches.
Vibrated Beam. All vibrated beams
are designed and fabricated by SSI.
The steel beam used was a wide flange
beam, 33 152, with a 14 inch fin. The
fin acts as a guide for the beam ensuring a continuous wall. The web of the
beam may be built up, depending on
soil conditions or project requirements.
Each beam is fabricated to penetrate the
maximum expected depth plus some
margin. The beam is used continuously
and is thus prepared for wear (Schmednecht 1999). For this project, the maximum anticipated depth was 40'.
Vibrator. Soil borings along the
alignment of the slurry wall are instrumental in determining the size of
vibrator required for a specific project
and should, at a minimum, be to the
anticipated depth of the slurry wall
and contain blow count information
(Schmednecht 1999). For this particular project, SSI used an ICE 44B vibratory hammer with power pack and
monitored it throughout the slurry
wall construction.
Crane. SSI used its specialized
crane, the Fundex F12, for the construction of the slurry wall.
Mixing Plant. All mixing plants are
designed and fabricated by SSI. The
slurry is pumped from the plant, to the
slurry pipes on the beam, and out the
bottom nozzles which results in economical use of materials. In addition,
there is no possibility for contamination of the slurry as it is mixed in a controlled plant and deposited directly into
its final in-site position with stringent
control (Schmednecht 1999).
There is no need for on-site mixing
pits. Therefore, the footprint required for a vibrated beam installation
is quite simple: a staging area (approx.
The Fundex F12 equipped with an ICE 44B

vibratory hammer and power pack.
100' 100') for its mixing plant and

storage of materials and the crane.

- MATERIALS
For this project, a combination of
attapulgite clay, slag cement, caustic
and water was used. URS provided the
design mix to SSI. The use of pure
slurry allows for the slurry to find/fill
any fractures, seams, voids, or pockets
of high porosity. Boutique slurries can
be designed for each project dependent
on its goal, e.g., dike strengthening.

- CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS
Working Platform. Prior to moving the vibrated beam equipment
into place on the dike, the top of the
earthen dike was widened by others
The 16 wide platform separating the Blair Waterway and Graymont

settling pond from which the slurry wall was constructed.
to approximately 16' to accommodate

the width of the crane and its outrigger pads. The ability to work on
such a narrow platform is a definite
advantage of the vibrated beam
method. In addition, a shallow trench
was dug by others along the alignment of the slurry wall to inspect for
unknown utilities.
Spoils Removal. A definite advantage of using the vibrated beam on
a dike is that there is limited spoils
removal. With other construction
technologies, spoils removal generally
becomes an expensive task & logistical nightmare. The vibrated beam
generally requires the construction
of a 2' 2' reservoir trench (and such
a reservoir trench was used for this
project) along the centerline of the
slurry wall installation. The size of the
reservoir trench may even be reduced
dependent on site conditions. The
reservoir trench is filled with slurry

and maintained to ensure the availability of a sufficient volume of slurry
to fill the void left by the beam, plus
voids in the surrounding soil during
extraction (Brunette 1994).
QUALITY ASSURANCE/
QUALITY CONTROL
Generally, the following parameters
are inspected during the installation
of a vibrated beam slurry wall: verticality, continuity, depth, and slurry
integrity (Schmednecht 1999). For this
particular project:
} The slurry wall verticality was verified with a hand level for each beam
insertion.
} The slurry wall continuity was verified with the use of the 14 inch fin.
} The slurry wall depth was verified
by locating the confining layer
23
JOB STORY
with the change in slurry pressure. The permeable soil layers
take less pressure during beam
penetration than impermeable soil
layers. When the cohesive layer was
reached, the pressure increased
approximately 10 psi and then, the
beam was penetrated 2' deeper for
the key. The depth and pressure at
which pressure changed, as well as
the final depth and pressure, are
recorded for each beam penetration
(Schmednecht 1999).
} The slurry integrity was verified by
field sampling the mixed slurry at
the mixing plant, a minimum of two
times per day, for unit weight (69
to 75 lbs/ft3) and viscosity (greater
than or equal to 35 seconds). In
addition, samples were collected
for laboratory testing every 150 LF
(start, middle, and end) of wall for
hydraulic conductivity and unconfined compressive strength.
With regard to the laboratory results,
the hydraulic conductivity ranged from
1.2 10 -8 cm/sec to 7.7 10 -9 cm/sec and
the unconfined compressive strength
ranged from 205 psi to 218 psi.
SAFETY
This project required all field
personnel to be MSHA trained (Mine
Safety & Health Administration). In
addition, prior to construction beginning, a Site Specific Health & Safety
Plan was developed and approved
by all parties. In general, anticipated
field activities were identified with
potential hazards and appropriate
controls. Anticipated field activities
included welding/burning, beam
insertion/removal, mixing of slurry,
handling of caustic and compressed
gases, working outdoors, and working
around moving equipment. Due to the
close proximity to the Blair Waterway,
SSI had a life ring with rope attached
to its crane. In addition, all work
performed needed to comply with the
project Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan & Spill Control Plan.
24
PROOF OF CONCEPT
Generally, one cannot visually
appreciate the success of a slurry
wall installation. Why? It is all underground and its success is verified
through extensive pump testing and
modeling. However, on this particular
project, the groundwater level was
high. SSI/URS could actually see the
seepage coming out of the earthen
dike embankment when the tide was
out prior to the slurry wall installation. It was a treat for SSI/URS and
the entire field crew to witness the
success of this slurry wall. After the
slurry wall was installed, one could
look over the side of the embankment
and see for his or her own eyes that
the leakage stopped in its entirety.
Although the overall project took longer than Graymont had expected, the
slurry wall itself was installed within
the time identified by SSI.
OTHER USES OF TECHNOLOGY

SSI has been successful at using
a technology similar to the vibrated
beam entitled, Mandrel Emplacement
Technique for installation of pervious
walls. Pervious walls are installed in
the subsurface to passively treat the
horizontal flow of groundwater. Unlike a slurry wall which is designed to
control the horizontal flow of water, it
is desirable that the waste flow through
a pervious wall which acts as a filter for
the in-situ treatment of waste. For example, in the treatment of chlorinated
solvents, the pervious wall may be
constructed of iron sand.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
SSI wishes to express a very heartfelt
thank you to the Owner of this site Graymont (Paul Liner, Alan Hayes,
Moo Han, Randy Healea & the rest of
staff) and to the Owners Representative - URS Seattle (Todd Parkington
- Design Engineer & Pirayeh Long
- Construction Manager). A special
thank you to ICE USA (Mike Clark &
SLURRY SYSTEMS, INC.

Slurry Walls, Helical Piles and
Other Deep Foundations
6515 East Melton Road
Gary, IN 46403
(219) 938-6667
info@slurrysystems.com
www.slurrysystems.com
Jacob Brown) and Liquid Earth Support (Gilbert Tallard). In addition, SSI
warmly thanks its other customers &
vendors, along with its employees, for
their commitment and hard work.
REFERENCES:
BRUNETTE, PATRICK T. and
SCHMEDNECHT, ERIC J., 1994.
Vibrating beam, curtainwall, and
jet grouting used to form a vertical
barrier wall. Ground Engineering.
June/July 1994.
SCHMEDNECHT, FRED C., P.E.
and WESOLEK, DANA A, P.E., 1999.
Emplacement Techniques: Impervious
and Pervious Wall Construction. DFI
Conference - Detroit Proceedings 1999.
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FEATURE
SHEET PILE
INSTALLATION
The following feature on sheet pile
installation is a portion from the book
Pile Driving by Pile Buck.
5.12. SHEET PILE INSTALLATION

5.12.1. OVERVIEW
Sheet piles are low displacement
piles. The basic mechanics of installation and extraction are the same as
those of H-piles. There are some important differences, however:
} The effect of the interlocks, which
adds to the driving resistance; and
} The fact that, sheet piles are generally
not used as bearing piles; thus, the
determination of actual bearing capacity is not necessary and the monitoring of the driving equipments
performance is not so rigorous.
Without bearing capacity to consider,
the basic objective of the contractor
driving sheet piles is twofold: to drive
the sheet piles in the geometrical arrangement called for, and to drive them
properly to the desired depth. The
implementation of these simple objectives is the complex and multi-step
process described below.
To insure successful sheet pile installation, the first thing to do is to conduct
a complete site soils investigation. This
should indicate the location of underground obstacles, such as boulders,
rock outcroppings, and rock slopes, and
of course the basic depth of hard strata,
28
whether they are rock or dense soil. All

of these can stop driving prematurely,
damage sheet piling, or skew the wall
from the plumb orientation that is normal for sheet pile walls.
5.12.2. BEFORE DRIVING

5.12.2.1. STORAGE
Sheet piling may arrive at the project
site by rail, ship, barge, or most often
by truck. Hopefully, the shippers have
packed the sheets into lifts of convenient size for transfer to ground storage
at the project site. Sheets can be damaged if roughly handled or carelessly
stored. The yard crew should observe
the general condition of the shipment
before unloading since the transportation company may bear some responsibility for damage in transit. Regardl ess
of whether the material is to be stored
near the project or loaded directly onto
a barge deck, a plan for blocking lifts
and accessing the correct sheets should
be made in advance.
In general, piling should be stored on
level ground or blocked up in a manner
to bring the pile level. Blocking should
spaced at short intervals to prevent excessive sag in the lifts, and the sheeting
should be 3'5' (11.5 m) off the ground.
Lighter sheets, aluminum sheets, or
those with low section modulus (such
as flat sheets) will require closer blocking. Overhang at the ends should be less
than 2' (0.6 m), except where vibratory
Figure 5-70: Stacking of Sheet Piling
hammers are used to pick the sheets up,

in which case the overhang should be
3'4' (11.2 m).
Lifts stored on site should not exceed
the weight as shipped. When lifting,
slings should be positioned so there is
no concentration of weight at any point.
When lifting single pieces of sheet piling from one end only, care should be
taken not to bend the sheet and cause a
permanent set. One guide for blocking
is shown in Figure 5-70.
5.12.2.2. SPECIAL FEATURES

Sheet piles are normally provided
with standard handling holes at the
point of manufacture (see Figure 5-71).
Z-types sheets require a hole in each
end, while U-shaped, arch web, flat
profile, and most lightweight sheets
need only a single hole. These are
standard and customers must advise if

they do not want the holes. The holes
are designed to accommodate a shackle
(clevis) pin or any number of proprietary quick-release shackles.
Some suppliers will furnish sheets
in pairs, which sometimes facilitate
handling compared with single piles,
and in any case, sheets are usually
driven that way. Some pairs may be
crimped or welded together at the mill
or by the supplier when specified by
the design engineer.
5.12.2.3. FIELD INSPECTION

OF MATERIALS
Space should be left between stacks
to permit inspection of the piling as
part of the delivery process. Some agencies require this inspection before the
piling is used and it is especially important on cellular cofferdams where
interlock dimensions are critical.
The interlocks of Z-type sheets
should be visually scrutinized or
gauged for kinks and incorrectly sized
parts that might affect the threading operation later. Interlocks of flat
sheets should be checked for open slot
and undersize thumb. While withintolerance dimensions are generally not
furnished to the purchaser, any signs
of non-uniformity in the locks of any
sheets should be reported to the supplier immediately.
Piles should be examined for excessive camber and/or sweep prior to use
even though the supplier has previously
made this inspection. Camber describes
a deviation from straightness along the
strong direction of a beam, and is often
artificially applied to the beams. Sweep

is a deviation in the weak direction,
and sometimes occurs accidentally in
sheet piling during production. A small
amount of sweep will not affect threading two sheets except when the sheets
are comparatively short.
There are no general specifications (such as ASTM) covering the
straightness or interlock dimensions
of steel sheet piling. Sheet piling
is sold under an implied service
specification, which is met by each
manufacturer. Generally, the sheets
are warranted to slide to grade of
their own weight when interlocked.
This means both interlock dimensions
and straightness must meet the mills
internal tolerance measurements.
Used and rental sheet piling should
be examined closely so that any question regarding the shipment can be
recorded with the supplier immediately. Notes should be made of lengths
received, condition of the interlocks,
any alloy markings and all other important conditions.
When using flat sheets previously
employed in cellular construction, one
might assume that the interlocks have
been tested in usage. This is partially
correct; however, rigid inspection
of the interlocks is required by most
governmental agencies and this is also
good practice on private work.
On new shipments, the quantity
received should be compared with
the order. Mill test reports should
compare with identification numbers
(heat numbers) found on the piling
and the test reports verified against
the grade specified. Sheets should be
identified according to length if this
information is not effectively contained on the steel or is illegible.
5.12.3. TEMPLATES
Figure 5-71: Sheet Pile Point Installed

with Handling Hole for Sheet
Correct geometrical arrangement

is very important in sheet pile installation, especially in structures such as
cofferdams where the sheet walls meet
themselves as a closed structure, or
with tied bulkheads where the sheets
must line up with the tie rod location.
Failure to assure this will result in time
and money consuming solutions.
Accurate alignment can be assured

by use of a template, where an external structure can guide the placement
of the piles. All sheet piles shall be
driven true to line and suitable temporary wales, templates, guide frames
and bracing shall be used is a typical
requirement of many sheet pile bid
specifications. Sheets are generally set
in place before driving, which allows
the contractor to make any necessary
adjustments before the piles are fixed
into the soil.
Figure 5-72: Template

for Sheet Piles
5.12.3.1. TEMPLATES FOR BULKHEADS

Templates for straight walls can be
simple or complex. The ideal template
would consist of horizontal beams
providing both inside and outside support near the ground level and again
at a point below the elevation of the
planned initial drive. This template
should be long enough to permit installation of a representative panel of
sheets, say ten to twenty piles. Some
small clearance is provided between
29
FEATURE
template wales and the faces of the
sheets and blocking utilized to secure
the sheets in a plumb position. The
horizontal wales are supported on temporary piles or fabricated steel frames.
Once the initial panel has been set and
pinned, the template is advanced. The
rear of the wales may now be attached
temporarily to the previously pinned
lead piles. An example of a template is
shown in Figure 5-72.
Many contractors use guide wales
on one side of the wale rather than the
inside-outside described previously.
Templates utilizing only one wale are
sometimes used for low walls. Sometimes a shallow trench is excavated to
position the base of the wall. Templates
are made up of structural steel or timber
with steel being the more common type.
5.12.3.2. TEMPLATES
FOR BOX COFFERDAMS
The template for box cofferdams in
water is generally the future internal
bracing system. A minimum two-ring
system with the top ring above water
is recommended. The frame or cage is
hung from cables on spud piles. In tidal
water or where rapid changes in the elevation of water outside the cofferdam
are possible, the guide wales should be
designed to accommodate this potential
difference in head between the inside
and outside water levels.
Some contractors have successfully
used spud barges as single wale guides
for cofferdams in shallower water,
floating the barge out after three sides
were completed (dont wait until the
wall is finished).
5.12.3.3. TEMPLATES FOR

CELLULAR COFFERDAMS
5.12.3.4. INSTALLATION
WITHOUT TEMPLATES
Good templates result in good cofferdams and this applies especially to

cellular construction. Ring templates
are generally fabricated from either
structural steel or pipe. The rings are
dimensioned to a diameter somewhat
less than the theoretical diameter,
depending upon the section of sheet
pile being used. Two-ring templates
provide two points of guidance for the
sheets. The rings are spaced from ten to
twenty feet apart with the wider spread
used on deeper cells. Single ring templates have been used successfully for
shallower construction. Ring templates
and their use are shown in Figure 5-73.
Templates are generally supported
on spud piles driven through wells in
the frame. Tennessee Valley Authority constructors employed a floating
template for a large cofferdam and
others since have used this method. A
timber deck on the top ring provides a
working platform and a nailing surface
for the blocking. Extra large templates
may have to be fabricated in halves or
segments for assembly in place. Smaller
templates must also be provided for setting the connecting arcs between main
cells. These can be relatively simple.
Diaphragm type cells require
templates with two curved ends and
two straight walls to the approximate
theoretical dimensions of the cell. Since
these frames also serve to stabilize the
cell until fill is placed on both sides of
the straight walls, additional templates
should be provided which are essentially bracing frames.
Although a template is the optimal

way to drive sheet piles, there are
many cases where one is not used.
Such cases include:
1. Walls which are not so geometrically critical;
2. Where the permanent wale system
was built in advance and can be
used as a guide;
3. Where there is not enough space to
erect a guide wale.
Figure 5-73: Ring Template
30
Some types of sheet piling (especially

Larssen) are traditionally picked up
and driven in one at a time without a
template. In such cases, sheets should
be set skillfully with the crane, and
driving should be closely monitored to
prevent skewing of the sheeting.
5.12.4. SETTING AND DRIVING

5.12.4.1. SETTING
Some suppliers will furnish sheets
in pairs that sometimes facilitate handling compared to single piles. Some of
these pairs may be crimped or welded
together at the mill (upon order) when
specified by the designing engineer.
For handling sheet piles in pairs tack
welding, or a bolt through the interlocks, will hold them together for safe
and convenient driving and pulling.
Cutting one side of an interlock at the
top corner of a sheet back 4 to 6 in. will
make the start of threading easier.
Piles should be picked off individual
lifts with some skill since long, flat
sheets particularly can be permanently
damaged during pick-up. (Z-type piles
should be stored so that the crane line
can reach the pick-up ends of opposing
sheets in the wall.) With either U- or
Z-type piles, the piling stacks can jam
together during transit. Even under the
best of conditions there is little room
between sheets in a stack. Specialized
lifting shoes can be obtained to facilitate pile picking. Crane booms should
be of sufficient length to handle what
amounts to double length sheet piling.
This is not as much a problem in water
as it might be on land.
Figure 5-74: Ground Release Shackle and its Use
Generally, all sheet piles in a section

should be set, if practical, before any
are driven. Then all should be driven
a few feet at a time, say from 5 ft. to
one-third of their length, before any
are driven to their full depth. If some
sheet piles strike an obstruction, move
to the next piles that can be driven;
come back later to the piles that resist
driving. With interlock guides on both
sides, and perhaps a heavier hammer,
it may be possible to drive the sheets to
the desired depth. If sheets adjacent to
those being driven tend to move down
below required depth, they should be
stopped by welding or bolting to the
guide wales. It generally should be better to fill in with a short length at the
top rather than trying to pull the sheet
back up to plan location.
Some tricks of the trade-immersing
the sheet in water (where depth permits) to lubricate the locks; installing
a bolt in the hole of the interlock to
help keep it open.
The traditional way of establishing
a lift point on the head of the sheet was
to use a conventional shackle; however,

a more convenient method is to use a
ground release shackle as shown in
Figure 5-74.
As is the case with conventional
shackles, these use the lifting hole at
the head of the sheet. Ground release
shackles that attempt to hold the sheet
with friction should be avoided.
Once lifted, they should be set (setting is alternatively called threading
or pitching) in loose pairs so that
adjustments for threading can be made.
Threading the piles into the interlocks
before final setting can be a very tricky
operation, especially in a high wind.
The first sheet or pair is lifted and temporarily secured to the frame. The second sheet is lifted above the first and
threaded therein, either by a member
of the pile crew straddling the first pile
and guiding the interlocks together (see
Figure 5-75), or with the use of a pile
threader, which eliminates the person,
as shown in Figure 5-76. The danger
of the first method is obvious: if the
crewmember on the sheeting falls off,
Figure 5-75: Manual Threading

of Sheet Piling
31
FEATURE
Wall dimensions found on project
drawings are based on theoretical dimensions determined by multiplying
the number of sheets by the catalogue
dimensions of each sheet. While mill
dimensions are carefully controlled,
in a long run of wall it may be possible
to lose or gain several feet due to
positioning of the piles, crowding or
stretching of the interlocks or other
factors. One method to deal with this
problem is to first mark the template
for each pair of piles. This will indicate whether the line of piling being
set is gaining or losing wall length.
Another method is to insert timbers
between the piles and the wales to
realign the sheets and thus shorten or
length their effective length. This is
shown in Figure 5-78.
Figure 5-76: Pile Threader
5.12.4.2. DRIVING
Figure 5-77: Operation of Pile Threader
serious injury can result. Some tricks of

the trade include immersing the sheet
in water (where depth permits) to lubricate the interlocks, removing several
inches of interlock finger (not recommended with rented piling), or installing a bolt in the hole of the interlock to
help keep it open when it is necessary
to drive the female interlock first.
Following Figure 5-77, the method of
operation is as follows:
1. The threader is pre-loaded by pulling
the wires and vice block against the
spring pressure and cocking.
2. The pile to be pitched is lifted until
the bottom end is about one meter
(39") above ground level. The threader is then clamped onto the pile with
the vice. The relative position of the
pile is governed by a stop plate to suit
the pile sections being used.
3. The pile with the threader attached
is then lifted by the crane to the last
pile in the panel. By means of rollers, the lower part of the threader is
then clamped to the last pile of the
panel so that the interlocks are adjacent to each other. The clamping
operation is designed to permit free
movement of the pile and threader
32
in a vertical direction but prevent

movement in any other direction.
This attachment is normally done
at the top frame level.
4. The cocking device inside the vice
slide tubes are then released.
5. The crane lifts the pile to be pitched
until its bottom edge is above the
previous pile in the panel. The spring
pressure on the vice block forces the
pile across into the locking position.
As the pile is lowered it interlocks.
The threader is then unclamped at
the top frame level.
Sheet piling tends to lean in two directions unless properly guided during
installation. Guide templates described
previously help control plumbness of
the wall; proper installation procedures
help maintain plumbness of individual
sheets along the line of the wall.
Sheet piles may gain over their
nominal width as they are installed
as there may be a tendency to lean in
the direction of driving; or there may
be other deviation. It is best to mark
on the supporting guides the planned
edge location of each pile so any
change is noted and can be corrected
while small. Making on two levels
of guides, or frequent use of a plumb
device, is essential.
Figure 5-78: Correction for Wall Length
When one thinks of driving sheet

piles, one generally thinks of driving
them down a row, pair by pair (at least
sheet piles today are seldom driven
one at a time). This means that there
are two possible directions which one
can choose to drive them. Generally,
sheet piles should be driven with the
male interlock, ball, or thumb pointing
in the direction of the driving. This
minimizes the filling of the interlocks
with soil, which will increase the
driving resistance. Fine sand will clog
interlocks and could produce symptomatic hard driving in which the
entering interlock must extrude the
sand before progressing. Continuing
this for any length of time could damage the interlock and should be discontinued. Water jetting will generally
assist in penetrating these materials. A
vibratory driver/extractor is generally
the best choice for installation.
Funnel-like guide devices may also be
used. It is generally recommended that
Z-type piles be driven with the ball end
leading so that the socket slides over the
ball rather than the ball slide into the
socket. It is common practice now to
supply sheets pre-threaded as doubles
at the mill. In this case, the first set-up
would involve a complete pair of piles.
When the lodging or packing of
material into the interlocks is a concern
during driving, the following suggestion may help. (1) placing a bolt in the
bottom end of the forward thumb and
finger or (2) on Z sheets, drive with
the ball ahead.
There are no firm rules for installation; however, experience indicates that
once the sheets are set and are ready
to be driven, they should be gang or
step driven, that is to say the sheets
should be driven a short length, and
then another short length, and so on
in sequence until the desired depth is
obtain. The steps can be set up for the
whole wall or the wall can be divided
in sections and each step is a step behind the one behind it. This minimizes
the risk of an undriven sheet cocking
with a fully driven neighbor, with the
potential of skewing the entire wall. It
is important here not to make the steps
too long driving relative to its neighbor.
33
FEATURE
Figure 5-79: Panel Method of Driving
There are situations where it is

advantageous to break the pattern of
down the row driving. In these cases,
one can first drive every other pair,
or perhaps every fourth or fifth pair.
This can be done when a set wall needs
initial stabilization. Another way of
obtaining this goal is to panel drive
the sheets. In this method, the first
Figure 5-80: Panel Driving in Progress
34
pair is plumbed in both directions and

partially driven. Succeeding sheets in
the first panel are threaded until five
or ten pairs are in place. The last pair
in this group is plumbed and partially
driven. The dimensional location of this
last pair should be verified against the
theoretical. Following partial driving
of the end pair, the hammer works on
successive pairs proceeding back to the
beginning of the wall. The last pair set
is not driven to grade since it will now
be the first pair in the next panel. The
panel method affords a relatively
simple method of correcting problems
before they become serious (see Figure
5-79). An actual example of panel driving in progress is shown in Figure 5-80.
In difficult soil conditions, the panel
driving method should be modified
by the staggered driving of the sheets.
This technique is shown in Figure 5-81.
In some cases, the sheets driven first
need toe reinforcement; these sheets

always lead the driving.
Underground obstacles should be removed before driving begins; however,
should these been countered, cease
driving. If this is not possible, or it is
difficult to monitor the exact time of
such an encounter, then one can bevel
the toes of the sheets, weld various
guide or reinforcement plates, or use
pile points. Some special techniques
one can use in driving are shown in
Figure 5-82.
Water jetting is an option to assist
in driving; it is discussed extensively
elsewhere.
5.12.4.3. SKEWING
Skewing is a serious concern during
pile driving, as it can affect the arrangement of the sheet piling as well as
its vertical inclination. Z-type piles are
especially prone to skewing. Keeping
Figure 5-81: Staggered Method of Driving
sheet piles plumb is particularly important since correcting it is not simple.

In addition to the methods already described, other measures can be taken to
prevent or minimize pile skewing. This
first is an accurate and rigid template,
especially one that is closely formed to
the piles. Other methods involve beveling the pile toe or adding angled guide
plates, both of which use wedge action
to act as a rudder, or to use tapered
piles. These should be set to have the
wedge action push the pile in the opposite direction of the skewing.
Another method is to use a wire rope
to pull the sheets back into plumb, as
shown in Figure 5-83. The hammer can
also be placed off center in conjunction
with this method.
Figure 5-82: Obstructions in Sheet Pile Driving
5.12.4.4. BOX COFFERDAMS

Box cofferdams on land or water
invariably include four corner sections,
and it is therefore logical to begin at
one of the corner. On land, the panel
method used with bulkhead walls is
also appropriate for temporary land
cofferdams. In water, the template is
generally also the bracing cage and
had been prefabricated and supported
on spud piles at the site. In flowing
streams, the upstream wall will act as a
diversion for construction of the other
walls, if constructed first. The corner
pile and at least one adjacent pile are
driven (as with land walls) to provide a
solid point. Subsequent piles in the run
of wall are customarily not driven until
the other corner has been reached to
insure closure of the four walls. Driving
should proceed in stages again working
back from the leading piles.
5.12.4.5. CELLULAR COFFERDAMS

AND FLAT SHEETS
Figure 5-83: Correction of Longitudinal Lean
Cellular cofferdams are generally

built for deep-water applications and
thus require longer sheets. The flat
sheets generally utilized for cellular
work offer some special handling and
installation problems not associated
with Z- or arched sections. Pickup

requires a special technique to
prevent permanent bending. Extra
long booms are often required, particularly if the cells are being built on
land or in shallow water. Wind can
be a factor at all stages.
Cellular cofferdams can be built
from shore with the equipment moving
from cell to cell, or from barges. In all
cases, one or more templates should be
fabricated to the approximate dimensions of the cell as designed.
Some contractors paint a line on the
sheets a constant distance from the toe
but above the water line, particularly
where individual piles of inconsistent
length are involved. In this way, a profile of the cells base is obtained.
Fabricated tees or wyes are set first
and become control points for setting
the remaining sheets. These should be
carefully plumbed and tacked into the
bottom. Sheets are then spun in both
directions from the fabricated sections
toward the center of the arc. Alternate
sheets for blocked against the template.
Guy lines help keep sheets vertical and
in proper position.
Closure of the arc is best made with
two sheets at the center of the arc.
35
FEATURE
These have been interlocked and are
then handled with two lines so that
when pulled up, one remains partially
interlocked with its neighbor. The closure sheet is lifted together and locked
with the last sheet in the other half of
the arc. None of the sheets other than
the fabricated pieces has been driven
at this stage. It may now be necessary
to pull some of all of the sheets in multiples and shake them out so that they
run freely. This operation of threading
sheets between the four fabricated piles
should be repeated three more times.
Before driving and fabricated pieces
any further and certainly before filling
the cell, one or two sheets in the connecting arc should be threaded with
each tee to the stem of each tee or wye
pile. If this is done later, there is a good
chance these will not be able to follow
the contour of the tee and will drive out
of the interlock.
Some difficulty has been experienced in setting long sheets in deep
overburden. This can be dealt with by
providing more holding points in the
arcs. Wide-flange beams are added
to some of the intermediate sheets to
stiffen them; these are pinned similarly
to the tees and closure made between
these points also.
Splicing of flat sheets is generally
permissible provided the splices are
located above the waterline and are
staggered at least five feet. The splices
on the outer cofferdam wall should
be bead welded to seal them but
consideration should be made about
eventual extraction of the sheets and a
full strength splice may be preferable.
Splices on the inside wall needs not be
sealed except for subsequent extraction. Any handling or erection holes on
the exterior walls should be patched
while they are accessible.
Cofferdams using wye type connectors offer some design advantages
but are somewhat more difficult to
construct because of the small radius
of the connecting arc. Tee connected
arcs offer a flatter arc and require a
slightly smaller swing angle between
sheets. Normally the main cells provide
no problems in closure other than described previously.
36
When the theoretical closure angle

exceeds 7, the supplier should be
contacted for recommendations or
guarantees of swing. The longer the
sheets, the more difficult it is to obtain
this swing. In some cases, it may be
feasible to plan on ordering bent piles to
accomplish these closures; otherwise,
connecting arcs are built using the
same procedures as used for the main
cells. Difficult closures are facilitated
by utilizing a bridle to pick up a number
of connected sheets and shaking them
until a closure is made.
As for actual driving, the establishment of plumbed strong points at the
connectors and at intermediate piles
within the arcs will help keep all piles
vertical. Driving should be in stages
without excessive lead from one pair of
piles to its neighbors. If driving in the
first stage proceeds in one direction
from connector to connector, the next
stage in that panel should be from the
opposite direction. Some contractors
drive a pair of sheets advance a pair
sheets, then skip the next pair in an
alternating pattern of stage driving.
The practice of continuous driving in
one direction is to be avoided since
it will undoubtedly contribute to the
leaning of all piles in one direction and
possible interlocking problems with the
interlocks, which will show up when
the cofferdam is dewatered.
Driving through beds of boulders is
virtually impossible even though thicker sheets may be specified for the purpose. Even if penetration is obtained,
extracting the sheets later should be a
costly process. Large masses of boulders should be removed in advance.
Fine sand will clog interlocks and
could produce symptomatic hard driving in which the entering interlock
must extrude the sand before progressing. Continuing this for any extended
length could result in interlock damage
and should be discontinued. Water jetting will generally assist in penetrating
these materials.
5.12.4.6. LIMITED HEADROOM

If sheeting is driven under a bridge
or other structure, normal pitching of the pile can be difficult if not
Figure 5-84: Pitching in Panels

with Limited Headroom
impossible. Although the sheets could

be driven in sections and added on to,
this can be expensive. A more sensible
alternative is shown in Figure 5-84;
it involves assembling the sheets into
panels with the sheet joining the two
panels made shorter than the others.
The panels can then be threaded with
the short sheet already completely
into the ground; the initial threading
takes place at or near ground level,
giving maximum use of the headroom.
The short sheet is then made to complete length using a welded or fish
plated splice.
It should be noted that, with vibratory driven sheet piles, specially configured hammers are available to assist in
low headroom situations.
5.12.5. ALIGNMENT OF SHEET PILES

As has been described in detail,
proper alignment of sheet piles is important to their successful installation.
The following are guidelines for typical
sheeting installations and may vary
with specific situations:
} Deviation normal to the wall line
at the pile heads should be no more
that 50 mm.
} Deviation at the finished level
from nominal level should be no
more than 20 mm at the pile heads
and 120 mm at the pile toes.
} Deviation of verticality normal to
the line of piles should be no greater than 1% of the driven depth.
} Deviation of verticality along the
line of piles should be not greater
than 1% for piles driven by a pitch
and drive method or 0.5% for
panel driven piles.
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COVER STORY
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

By DSC Dredge
38
Dredging impacts our lives. Dredging is an excavation

activity usually carried out underwater and out of sight.
It nearly always involves gathering sediments from
the bottom of a pond, lake, river or harbor and then
disposing of these materials at a different site. While not
particularly glamorous, dredging affects our everyday lives
in ways we may not even realize. Dredges are used in a
variety of applications that include marine construction,
environmental remediation, aiding navigation, mining,
aggregate processing, recreational improvement, beach
and land restoration and even by municipalities.
} When you cross over a major river

on your way to a job site, consider
how that bridge support stays stable
and firmly in place.
} When you are enjoying the beauty
of your favorite recreational lake,
consider how it would be if that lake
were to become dead from too
much organic material smothering
the wildlife.
} Consider the freighters transporting
valuable cargo through canals not
being able to reach their destination
because the canal is too shallow to
get through.
} Imagine the environmental impact
of a local aggregate or precious
metal mine leaving the tailings
piled up and forgotten.
A DSC Shark Class dredge in the Canadian oil sands

used to pump mature ne tailings from the bottom
of the holding ponds into a processing facility.
Dredges are designed and manufactured for a variety of purposes which

take them all over the world from
Russia to dredge a nickel mine, to
Columbia to help a marine contractor,
to Nigeria to keep the flood plains at
bay, to the northern parts of Canada
to dredge the tar sands and nationally
to keep the Great Lakes clear for shipping and waterways clear for irrigation and recreation.
COMMON DREDGE APPLICATIONS

Dredging applications can be broken down into segmented areas, but
they frequently expand during the job
to encompass a variety of applications.
For example, a contractor may start a
project with the intent to build a channel. Later, the company may discover
large deposits of muck which will
need to be removed before becoming
an environmental hazard. In the process, a contractor may discover that
this body of water has a large sand
deposit that can be dredged and sold
to aggregate producers.
The following is a brief introduction
into the many uses of dredges today:
Marine Construction Marine
contractors use dredges to help in the
construction of piers, bridges and channels, and they are also used in the pile
driving process. Frequently, marine construction can run into environmental
remediation, navigational, recreational
and restoration projects based on the
experience of the individual contractor.
Environmental Remediation
Cleaning contaminated sediments can
be done through the dredging process
which involves either removing the
39
COVER STORY
A pair of DSC Shark Class dredges used in a mining

operation to dig into the bottom of a body of water
and pump the materials to a processor on land.
contaminated sediment or capping it

by placing sand and gravel over the
contaminant so that it will not be
released into the water. Most environmental projects in the United States
are led by the Environmental Protection Agency. One such project was the
Onondaga Lake Superfund Site in New
York, which used dredging technology
to dramatically decrease the sewage
waste and industrial pollution from
the lake bottom sediments. Another
project is the Fox River in Wisconsin
40
where dredges are used to remove

materials and to cap them to reduce
the presence of harmful chemicals in
the rivers sediment.
Mining Mining materials such
as precious metals, coal, phosphates
and minerals can be efficiently accomplished through dredging. A
dredge is used in a mining application
by digging into the bottom of a body of
water and pumping this material to a
processor on land to sort out the commodity. In some cases, this involves
a dredge coming to a site after it has

been mined through other means and
removing the tailings that were left
from the original operation.
Aggregate Processing Sand
and gravel that is underwater can be
harvested by a dredge, extending the
useful life of the aggregate operation.
The dredge is used to dig into the bank
of materials underwater and then pump
the aggregate slurry to a processor on
land. The sorted material is then used
for road construction or other projects.
A DSC Barracuda Class electric-powered dredge is used to remove

sediment in a settling basin for the Gila River in Arizona, an
important source of irrigation water for the community.
1926: Dredging Allen Harbor viewed near bends from Nons Road opposite Hulse Point.
41
COVER STORY
A DSC Marlin Class electric-powered dredge in

an aggregate operation. The dredge is used to
dig into the bank of materials underwater and
then pump the slurry to a processor on land.
Navigation Channels and waterways fight an ongoing battle against soil

erosion and sediment build-up which
causes them to lose their depth. Navigational dredging is most commonly used
in ports, harbors and shipping channels
as a way to maintain these waterways so
that large ships, oil tankers, container
ships, barges and naval vessels can
pass. Maintenance dredging is required
periodically to remove sediment and is
a necessity for almost every navigable
waterway and port.
42
Recreational Improvement
Dredges can be used to maintain,
expand and deepen lakes that have
progressively become shallow from
deposits and overgrown vegetation.
Thousands of businesses generate large
revenue every year from recreational
lakes. If these waters are too low from
drought or have sediment buildup, they
can be brought back to a usable depth
through dredging. Dredges can also be
used in recreational lakes for removing
harmful chemicals which can attach
to the sediment when it runs into the

water. They can even be used to remove
dead organic materials such as tree
limbs which can smother and kill other
lake inhabitants.
Beach And Land Restoration
Beaches and lakes suffer from the
impact of waves which over time cause
the sand and dirt to move farther into
the water and lose the beach areas.
Dredging uses its ability to move
materials like sand from one place to
another to restore these beaches and
A closer view at a DSC Marlin Class dredges cutter head being raised out of the river.
DREDGES ARE DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED FOR A VARIETY

OF PURPOSES WHICH TAKE THEM ALL OVER THE WORLD.
lake fronts. Dredges can also be used
for constructing islands and new land
areas in harbors.
Municipalities Municipalities
near water benefit from dredging as
well. Most common uses of dredges
by municipalities are for maintaining
reservoirs, harbors and irrigation
channels critical to municipal use.
A less common application is for
alternative forms of power generation
which involves the dredge removing sediment from the bottoms of
channels that feed power generators,

maintaining the necessary flows for
efficient operation.
LOUP POWER DISTRICT UPGRADES

TO DSC DUSTPAN DREDGE
The Loup Power District provides
electricity for about 19,000 residential
and commercial customers in a fourcounty area in central Nebraska by
using two hydroelectric plants powered
by water from the Loup River.
A diversion wall in the river redirects a portion of the water into a 35mile canal system that carries it to the
hydroelectric plants and reservoirs
before returning it to the Platt River
just beyond where it merges with the
Loup River.
Dredging is a very important part
of the operation. If we dont keep
those two miles of channel open and
get water into the canal like were supposed to, we lose all of the generation
at our two hydroelectric plants, says
43
COVER STORY
Kendall Christensen, operations manager for the Loup Power District.
The Loup Power District recently acquired a new, all-electric DSC dustpan
dredge that offers major upgrades and
improvements to the operation.
A DSC Shark Class dredge pumping the

aggregate slurry to the processing
plant. The dredge is used to dig into
the material bank underwater and
extend the life of the aggregate
operation by mining material deeper.
} The PLC-based control system (programmable logic controller) allows

for simple, user-friendly computerdirected operation.
} The system records and displays operating hours for all of the major equipment on the dredge pump, cutter,
swing/positioning winches and ladder
winch which helps to track usage
and schedule maintenance.
} The 3,000-horsepower pump
motor with a variable frequency
drive allows the operators to easily
adjust dredge pump speed to accommodate material conditions and
required feed rates.
It didnt take long for the employees
of the Loup Power District to see the
advantages of the new computer-driven dredge, and they promptly started
learning its proper operation with
help from the experts on-site from
DSC Dredge.
58 YEARS OF DREDGING
WITH DSC DREDGE
Dredging started for this family-run
company based in Reserve, Louisiana
in 1955 when founder Tommy Wetta
worked as a deck hand during the
summer to make extra money. Tommy
worked his way from deck hand to
engineer and eventually started his
own dredge manufacturing company.
Fast forward to present day when
Tommys boys Bob and Bill are leading
the DSC team as industry leaders in
customized dredges.
DSC specializes in customized
dredge manufacturing. If you are
looking for a dredge to work on a project next month, you might be talking
to the wrong company. If you want a
dredge that is made specifically for
your project which might include
extreme dredging depths, deeper hulls
or increased excavation power, we
44
can make that happen. Every dredge

has its own story, and we work with
our customers to discover that story,
comments Bob Wetta, President of
DSC Dredge, LLC.
Unlike many dredges on the market,
DSC dredges can be highly automated
to fit the application and are designed
so that they can be operated by one
person, although DSC does recommend more than one person on board
for safety reasons.
DSC involves its customers in the

entire process of purchasing, delivering and maintaining their dredges.
When a potential customer first comes
to DSC for a quote on a dredge, DSC
will begin the process by gathering
significant information about the
project. This may include the materials being dredged, length of flow run,
depths, discharge point elevation,
engine and pump preference and
other data relevant to the specific
A DSC Moray Class dredging a

residential channel. Navigational
dredging is most commonly
used in ports, harbors and
shipping channels as a way to
maintain these waterways.
application. Only then will the company recommend a dredge to fit those
specific needs and walk the customer
through their options.
The custom dredge manufacturing
process can exceed a year. During this
time, DSC works closely with its customers at every step, even inviting them to
visit throughout the process and while
they perform testing prior to completion.
Once the dredge is built, the
relationship has only just begun.
The dredge is then shipped to its

destination, usually assembled by
DSC and placed in service only
after running it through intensive
testing. Then the operator training
starts to make certain that the customers operation staff completely
understands the process and the
operational details that make for
the most efficient dredge operation
in that particular application.
Customized application expertise,
automation, training, service and support are the hallmarks of DSC Dredge,
and its sterling reputation for superior
customer service before, during and after the sale has been earned over many
years in the market.
Charles Sinunu is the International Sales
Director for DSC Dredge, LLC which is
based in Reserve, Louisiana. For more
information about DSC Dredge, visit
www.dscdredge.com.
45
INDUSTRY EVENTS
GEO-TEXAS 2013 RAISING THE BAR
IN OUR GEOTECHNICAL PROFESSION
DFI-CSCE 16TH ANNUAL

GEOTECHNICAL SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 12, 2013; DALLAS, TX

SPONSORED BY ASCE TEXAS SECTION
SEPTEMBER 13, 2013
DRIVEN DEEP FOUNDATIONS LRFD DESIGN

AND CONSTRUCTION WORKSHOP
This annual geotechnical seminar

is presented jointly by DFI and
DFI.ORG
Connecticut Society of Civil Engineers
geotechnical committee. Six geotechnical projects (CTfastrak,
Railroad, retaining wall, bridges, etc.) which used various aspects
of design-build methods will be presented. Keynote speaker to be
from the Design Build Institute.
SEPTEMBER 17, 2013; CHARLOTTE, NC

SPONSORED BY PILE DRIVING CONTRACTORS
ASSOCIATION (PDCA)
DFI EDUCATIONAL TRUST GOLF OUTING

- PHOENIX
For more information visit www.piledrivers.org.
SEPTEMBER 28, 2013; PHOENIX, AZ
INTRODUCTION TO HIGH STRAIN

DYNAMIC FOUNDATION TESTING
Join us at the Wildre Golf Club at the JW Marriott Desert Ridge

immediately following the DFI Annual Conference on Deep Foundations for a Golf Outing Fundraiser. The afternoon will include golf,
prizes, a reception and an additional opportunity to network with
conference attendees. Proceeds from the outing benet the DFI
Educational Trust (501c3) and funds scholarships for students pursuing careers in the deep foundations industry.
Visit the GRL exhibit booth. For more information visit

http://Texas-Centennial.com.
SEPTEMBER 17-18, 2013

INTERNET AND PHONE CONNECTION
SPONSORED BY PILE DYNAMICS, INC.
Brent Robinson will present. For more information, contact Shannon
Theodore at registration@pile.com. 2 sessions of at least 1.5 hours
duration each at 9:00 am (New York Eastern Time).
ADVANCED APPLICATIONS
OF CAPWAP SOFTWARE
SEPTEMBER 24-OCTOBER 2, 2013
INTERNET AND PHONE CONNECTION
SPONSORED BY PILE DYNAMICS, INC.
Brent Robinson will present. For more information, contact Shannon
Theodore at registration@pile.com. Four 1.5 hours long sessions at
9:00 am (New York Eastern Time).
DFI EDUCATIONAL TRUST AND ACE

MENTOR PROGRAM OF NEW JERSEY
3RD ANNUAL GOLF OUTING
OCTOBER 7, 2013; MONROE TOWNSHIP, NJ
DFIs Educational Trust and ACE Mentor Program of NJ will hold their
third annual fundraiser. The event is expected to raise signicant
funds to benet the trusts mission to increase the awareness of
students to the career opportunities in the design and construction
of deep foundations. Sponsorships and donations are tax deductible.
EARTHWORK 101
- ONLINE (WEBINAR)
ICUEE - THE DEMO EXPO
SEPTEMBER 5, 2013
OCTOBER 1-3, 2013; LOUISVILLE, KY
ASCE 143RD ANNUAL CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONFERENCE
OCTOBER 10, 2013; CHARLOTTE, NC
PILING & DEEP FOUNDATIONS ASIA

SEPTEMBER 25-26, 2013
GRAND MILLENIUM KUALA LUMPUR
KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
46
2ND T&DI GREEN STREETS, HIGHWAYS

AND DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE
NOVEMBER 3-6, 2013; AUSTIN, TX
12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP

ON MICROPILES
IFCEE 2015 JOINT

VENTURE ANNOUNCED
JUNE 11-14, 2014; KRAKOW, POLAND

INVITATION TO SPEAKERS - CALL FOR PAPERS
MARCH 17-21, 2015

JW MARRIOTT HILL COUNTRY
RESORT & SPA
SAN ANTONIO, TX
Papers are solicited on the following micropile topics:

t State of practice
t Innovations
COOPERATING
t Technical challenges, e.g.,
ALLIANCE
cyclic degradation, seismic design
t Historic renovation
t Load testing
t Numerical analysis
t Micropile/structure connection details
t Codes and guidance specications
t Education and market growth areas/
potential
t IBO bond values and design
t Equipment evolutions
t Slope stabilization with micropiles
t Lessons Learned
t Durability and design life
t Energy Micropiles
t Construction challenges
To participate, please submit an abstract up to 300 words summarizing your proposed paper content to ism2014@d.org. Abstract
document must also include presenter name, company name,
telephone number and email address. Submission of an abstract
conrms your intent to submit a full draft paper for consideration
by the Paper Review Committee. Deadline is September 30th.
SOUTH CAROLINA
CHAPTER OF THE PDCA
CHAPTER MEETING
AUGUST 27, 2013
TOWN & COUNTRY INN
2008 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY, CHARLESTON, SC
DRIVEN PILE FOUNDATIONS LRFD DESIGN

AND CONSTRUCTION WORKSHOP
SEPTEMBER 17, 2013; CHARLOTTE, NC
DEEP FOUNDATION DYNAMIC TESTING AND

ANALYSIS SEMINAR AND WORKSHOP
ADSC, DFI, G-I of ASCE, and PDCA would like to announce their
partnership in IFCEE 2015 (International Foundations Congress and
Equipment EXPO).
This week long event will be held at the JW Marriott San Antonio
Hill Country Resort and Spa in San Antonio, Texas, March 17-21,
2015. IFCEE 2015 is the premier must-see event for professionals
in the foundation industry. The Congress will include presentations of reviewed technical papers, panel discussions and debates,
indoor exhibits, an outdoor equipment exposition, educational
short courses, technical committee meetings, and networking
with industry leaders.
Call for proposals will be open until June 14, 2013, with the call for
abstracts beginning August 9, 2013. Registration for Exhibitor Booth
Space and Sponsorships are expected to open in January 2014, while
Attendee Registration will open in September 2014.
ASFE FALL 2013 CONFERENCE

OCTOBER 10-12, 2013
Join us in-person or online for two days of outstanding education,
networking, and experience-sharing.
ASFE WINTER LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE

JANUARY 24-26, 2014
ASFEs leaders meet to nish priorities for the current year and
determine the direction of ASFE for the coming year.
ASFE SPRING 2014 CONFERENCE

AND ANNUAL MEETING
APRIL 10-12, 2014
Join us for two days of outstanding education, networking, and
experience-sharing.
OCTOBER 9, 2013
PDI HEADQUARTERS, CLEVELAND, OH
47
+PJOVTBUUIF
56th Annual Meeting in 2013,

BTUIF8BTIJOHUPOTFDUJPODFMFCSBUFTJUT
UI"OOJWFSTBSZ
SEPTEMBER 8TH-14TH, 2013

The Westin Hotel in the Heart of Seattle
t "UUFOEFFTJODMVEFIVOESFETPGEFDJTJPONBLFSTGPS
BQQMJFEHFPMPHZQSPKFDUTBOEDPNQBOJFT
t /FUXPSLJOHPQQPSUVOJUJFTTVDIBTFYIJCJUT
MVODIFPOT CBORVFUBOETQFDJBMFWFOU
t $BTFIJTUPSJFTPGQSPKFDUTGPDVTFEPO
Site characterization
Dam rehabilitation
Slope stability
From the Mountains to the Sound
Environmental
remediation
t %POUNJTTZPVS
DIBODFUPDPOOFDU
ZPVSCVTJOFTTXJUI
PVSNFNCFST
For more information
and registration visit:
www.aegweb.org
AEG
Association of Environmental
& Engineering Geologists
;OLYTHS0U[LNYP[`7YVSPUN
by the Foundation Testing Experts
ADVERTISE IN
THE NEXT ISSUE
OF PILE BUCK
MAGAZINE
INCREASE YOUR:
SALES AND PROFITS
CUSTOMER BASE
BRAND RECOGNITION
AND LOYALTY
REACH
THOUSANDS
OF PEOPLE
in the Pile Driving,
Deep Foundation and
Marine Construction
Industries
GRL Engineers employ

the latest technology
to assess the integrity
of cast in place
concrete foundations.
Q Complete
cross
section coverage.
Q Radius
and
cage alignment
evaluation.
Quick response,
results you can trust
&HQWUDO2IFH .............. 216.831.6131
California ..................... 323.441.0965
Colorado ..................... 303.666.6127
Florida ......................... 407.826.9539
Illinois .......................... 847.221.2750
Louisiana..................... 985.640.7961
North Carolina............. 704.593.0992
Ohio ............................. 216.831.6131
Pennsylvania............... 610.459.0278
Now is the time to develop

a marketing plan that will
allow your business to
generate the leads necessary
to stay healthy today while
positioning your business to
thrive in the future.
CALL (866) 573-0708 OR EMAIL info@pilebuck.com
www.GRLEngineers.com/TIP
info@GRLengineers.com
2
6 2
STAB CAT SPREADER
BAR DRESSED
POSITIVE SAFETY GROUND

RELEASE SHACKLE
MASTERLINK 40 TON
SWL GROUND RELEASE
SHACKLE
STAB CAT
THREADER
For purchase price

or rental rates and
instructions for set-up
and usage, contact
customer support:
(225) 687-2627
stabcat@cox.net
Sales: 57825 Haase Street
Plaquemine, LA 70764
AMERICAN MADE BY THREE AMERICAN PILE DRIVERS WITH MORE THAN 100 YEARS EXPERIENCE!
CLASSIFIEDS
BAUER-PILECO 750MM
CASINGS ON SPECIAL
SEEKING OLD RAMS FOR GHANA

Preferable two 10 tons; short and stocky
in shape will consider anything beyond
5 tons. Possibly with assembly (like one
for a drop weight).
Please contact: Sam Paikowsky
Tel: (978) 934-2277 / Fax: (978) 934-3046
Email: Samuel_Paikowsky@uml.edu
Bauer-Pileco is offering special

pricing on select 750mm
(29.52 in.) Casings for a limited
time! These casings are good
for most jobs up to 30 in. If
you have any questions or to
check availability please dont
hesitate to call (713) 691-3000
OR (800) 474-5326.
US MADE Z STEEL SHEET PILING
Equipment #
Equipment Description
Condition Sale Price
B23188
CASING-0750-L=01000-DW-S
USED
$5,569.76
B23189
USED
$5,569.76
B08800
NEW
$5,967.60
B08801
NEW
$5,967.60
B18049
NEW
$7,946.44
B18050
NEW
$7,946.44
B31161
NEW
$9,525.73
B31054
NEW
$11,175.31
B31162
NEW
$11,175.31
US MADE Z steel sheet piling in the following lengths:

4 pcs. @ 40 long
17 pcs. @ 16 long
31 pcs. @ 25 long 16 pcs. @ 18 to 20 long
43 pcs. @ 23 long
All sheets in new or excellent condition. Please contact
Ron @ Francoeur Enterprises, Inc. 508-958-2590.
FOR SALE: PILE HAMMER

PILECO MODEL D160-32 DH w/
PILECO OFFSHORE LEADS &
HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT.
CALL DAN (515) 266-5173, EXT. 312
CRANE AND DRILL HEAD FOR SALE

Link Belt LS 108B SN
9LG4121 Year 1972 with 100
Foot Boom and 30 Foot Jib
- Power Load Lowering
on two lines.
- Third drum, Tagline,
Fairlead.
- Cat 333 with torque.
- Very good under carriage.
$60,000.00
APE Model 50 Drill Head
- 1996 Only used on
2500 Psi system.
- No Leads included.
$40,000.00
Allegan, MI 49010
Phone 616-291-3209
The PIPE MILL with FAS

FAST
ST SERVICE
Producing:
24-192 OD
.312-2.00 Wall
Lengths up to 80 ft.
Straight Seam - DSAW
20 ft. Lengths in Stock
RAMMING QUALIT Y
TM
800-821-3475
Fax: 815-964-0045
PipeSales@ArntzenCorp.com
Shipping Nationwide and Canada
51
CLASSIFIEDS
BARGES & SMALL TUGS
Barge sizes 8 x 18 to 45 x 120
Shugart Sectional Barges
Single & Twin Screw Truckable Tugs
Smith Brothers, Inc., Galesville, MD
410.867.1818 / www.smithbarge.com
SEEKING FOUNDATIONS
TESTING PROFESSIONAL
RS&H CS, Inc. is currently seeking a
Foundations Testing Professional at a
flexible location in Florida. Minimum 5
years experience in dynamic testing and
analysis. Responsibilities include helping
to expand our Deep Foundations Service
Group in Florida, performing foundation
testing, and network with current and
future clients. If interested, please visit
www.rsandh.com/careers.
CONSTRUCTION
MANAGER WANTED
The position is for a manager who will
oversee field operations for a construction company specializing in soil nail
construction. The position requires
oversight of numerous concurrent field
operations around Texas as well as a
small office staff located in the Dallas
area. Experience in soil nails or tiebacks
in retaining wall systems or a related
field strongly preferred.
Email: office@farrfoundation.com
SHEET PILE FOR SALE

Approximately 590 30 to 40 PS27.5 flat
sheets and 30 25 to 40 PZ27 Z pile. 23
King pile and 28 special ts also available. Located in Great Falls, Montana.
Call Brian Bjornson at (858) 715 7200 or
email at bbjornson@walshgroup.com.
ADVERTISING INDEX
Steel Sheetpiles $0.35/lb

PZ 27 x 25 ft long * 50 Pairs Used
SKZ 24 x 35 ft long * 11 Pairs Un-used
SKZ-20 x 35 ft long * 1 Pair Un-used
CZ-114 24.5 ft * 20 Singles Un-used
Shoring/Road Plates 1 Thick $0.45/lb
USED
1 each 8 ft x 19 ft
1 each 8 ft x 17.5 ft
2 each 8 ft x 20 ft
2 each 6 ft x 20 ft
Located in Savannah, GA
Contact: Ron Rose at 912 232 0093
or E-mail ronrose4953@gmail.com
LOOKING TO RENT A PILE

DRIVING HAMMER
In need of a pneumatic or hydraulic pile
driving hammer with 100 of hanging
leads. The pilings are 24 sq. x 90 concrete pilings. We will be driving these
pilings south of Venice, La. on the East
bank of the Mississippi River.
Please contact Gabriel Roy by email
groy@couvilliongrp.com or cell phone
(504) 813-9945.
USED SHEET PILING FOR SALE

} ?I!&g$z[^]V)#$_PXa
& 8-singles $0.50/lb
} ?I!&g#$z[^]V)(_PXa
} ?I2 'g#z[^]V)#_PXa
Additional sheeting and some WF &
HP sections also available; call for a
complete list. Located in S.E. Michigan.
Call Dan at (734) 528-3100 x 201
Email: djniemi@niemicorp.com
ADVERTISE IN THE
NEXT ISSUE OF
PILE BUCK MAGAZINE
CALL (866) 573-0708
TODAY!
WANT TO BUY USED SHEETING

Please quote your best price and
availability for the following:
Section
AZ 28-700
AZ 36-700
Length
50
50
Wall Feet
75
480
Can be any Hot-Rolled Section with

equal sectional modulus.
Contact: S D L Construction LLC
Email: pat@thelickmangroup.com
Fax: 718-836-8250
Ronald Lickman Cell 917-414-4025
Please quote price delivered to N.Y.C.
Available for immediate sale.
LINK-BELT
150 TON CRAWLER CRANE,
Model LS-518, S/N 4EW630
New engine and torque converter
Power load lowering on both drums
Overall in excellent condition
Located on our dock in Boston, MA....POR
Contact: Ron at Francoeur Enterprises, Inc.
Ofce: 978-388-9978
Cell: 508-958-2590
Visit our website:
www.francoeurenterprises.com
GRL Engineers Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

www.GRLengineers.com
Pipe & Tube Supplies Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . C3

www.ptsi-us.com
JD Fields & Company Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 16-17

www.jdelds.com
SlideMoor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
www.slidemoor.com
JMC Steel/Atlas Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11, C4

www.atlastube.com
Soilmec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
www.soilmec.com
Bauer Pileco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
www.bauerpileco.com
Lally Pipe & Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

www.lallypipe.com
Sols Pipe & Steel Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

www.solspipeandsteel.com
Bermingham Foundation Solutions . . . . . . .7

www.berminghammer.com
LB Foster Piling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C2
www.lbfosterpiling.com
Stab Cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

www.stabcat.com
Cashman Equipment Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

www.4barges.com
Olin Engineering Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

www.olinpump.com
Sterling Lumber Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

www.sterlinglumber.com
Equipment Corporation of America (ECA) 26-27

www.ecanet.com
Pile Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
www.pile.com/PDI
Truline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
www.truline.us
Arntzen Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
www.arntzenpipe.com
Association of Environmental
& Engineering Geologists (AEG) . . . . . . . . 49
www.aegweb.org
52
SHEETPILES AND SHORING/

ROAD PLATES
Pipe & Tube Supplies, Inc.
Bringing the pipe world market to your front door

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See how Atlas Pipe Piles can support your next project.
Visit atlaspipepiles.com/stronger or call 800.733.5683.

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HARWICH, MA: MANAGING THE WATERFRONT WITH COASTAL ENGINEERING CO.

PUBLISHED 6 TIMES A YEAR

THE INTERNATIONAL PILE DRIVERS, DEEP FOUNDATIONS

VIBRATED BEAM TECHNOLOGY

On Superstorm Sandy-Affected Homes

Slurry Wall Construction on Dikes

SHEET PILE INSTALLATION

A Guide from Pile Driving by Pile Buck

L.B. FOSTER SUPPLIES FIELD-PROVEN PILING

PZC 13, 18, 26, Z-PILE

What You Need to Know

HELICAL PILES RAISE HOMES

CREATING MARINE SOLUTIONS

SLURRY WALLS: VIBRATED

SHEET PILE INSTALLATION

PILE BUCK CARTOON

LEFT: Completed vibrated beam slurry wall

pilebuck.com | Vol.29 No.4 2013 | Pile Buck Magazine

Pile Installation Recorder

THE INTERNATIONAL PILE DRIVERS, DEEP

Works with any

Dr. Richard J. Hartman, P.E.

DID YOU KNOW PILE BUCK HAS

GO ONLINE NOW TO ORDER!

P.O. Box 64-3609

ADVERTISE IN THE NEXT ISSUE

-- What Lally Pipe customers know --

FAST BREAKING PROJECTS

INVENTORY BASED SOLUTIONS

Get cut-to-length and spliced-to-length steel pipe

BE IN THE KNOW. Just call 1-800-533-6835, e-mail

WANT TO SEE YOUR JOB STORY

Follow Our Lead To A Solid Foundation

hen you grow up on the East Coast of

Dredging was needed to drain the land for residential

Be sure to read Danbros study of helical piles in the

Alex Smoot, Editor

Winner of the DFIs 2013 Ben C. Gerwick

Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.29 No.4 2013 | pilebuck.com

Deep Foundation Contracting Services

Wellington Street Marine Terminal, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8L 4Z9

The cutter head of a concrete deep soil mixing

Send us your photo for consideration

Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.29 No.4 2013 | pilebuck.com

SPW911 SHEET PILING

AFTER PURCHASE, PILE BUCK SENDS

and analysis software for modelling the

PRODUCT FEATURES & PURCHASING:

GREAT ADDITIONS TO SPW911 SOFTWARE

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT 866.573.0708 www.pilebuckinternational.com

HELICAL PILES RAISE

uperstorm Sandy has

summarized the problem: The barrier

Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.29 No.4 2013 | pilebuck.com

Not all pipe piling suppliers are the same.

For more information, or to inquire about

the final combined permit was issued

Pile Buck Magazine | Vol.29 No.4 2013 | pilebuck.com

remove dredge spoils included hydraulic dredging, bucket dredging, and

unauthorized alterations. The project

the local Conservation Commission and

that could be used at the landfill as

pilebuck.com | Vol.29 No.4 2013 | Pile Buck Magazine