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Network - is a collection of computers and other devices that can send data to and receive data from

each other. Is often connected


by wires.
Node - each machine on a network.
Hosts - nodes that are fully functional computers.
Address - a series of bytes that uniquely identify it.
Packet - data traveling on the network is broken into chunks.
Protocol - is a precise set of rules defining how computers communicate.
Host-to-Network Layer - also known as the link layer, data link layer, or network interface layer It
defines how a particular network
interface sends IP datagrams over its physical connection to the local network and the world.
Internet Layer - defines how bits and bytes of data are organized into the larger groups called packets,
and the addressing scheme
by which different machines find each other.
Datagrams - data is sent across the internet layer in packets.
Transport Layer - responsible for ensuring that packets are received in the order they were sent and
making sure that no data is lost
or corrupted.
The Application Layer - the layer that delivers data to the user it decides what to do with the data after
it's transferred.
IP - was designed to allow multiple routes between any two points and to route packets of data around
damaged routers.
TCP - the packets that make up a particular data stream may not all take the same route.
UDP - is an unreliable protocol that does not guarantee that packets will arrive at their destination.
Domain Name System - to translate hostnames that humans can remember into numeric Internet
addresses
Internet - is the world's largest IP-based network.
Firewalls - the hardware and software that sit between the Internet and the local network, checking all
the data that comes in or out
to make sure it's kosher.
Filtering - is usually based on network addresses and ports.
Proxy Servers - if a firewall prevents hosts on a network from making direct connections to the outside
world, a proxy server can act
as a go-between.
Packet Tracer - is a program used to illustrate at a basic level how networks work.
Router - is a device which makes connection possible between two or more different networks present at
same or different
geographical locations.
Cisco - is the leading manufacturer of routers and switches.
Setup Mode - the router enters in to the setup mode if the NVRAM is empty.
User Mode - only some basic monitoring, Limited show commands ping, trace,

Privileged Mode - Monitoring and some troubleshooting, all show commands, ping trace, copy and erase.
Global Configuration Mode - to make any changes that affects the router like hostname, routing
configuration.
Routing - makes possible for two or more networks to communicate with each other.
Static Routing - It is configured manually by the administrator Mandatory need for the destination
network ID.

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