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PPER I F f T ER] WEDI AT E

Bob
0bee-lllrglnhlrms

Fxpremhblishing

Publishing
Published
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S BobObee
2003
- VironiaEvans
Design
Publishing,2003
andlllustration
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2003
Frstpublished
tsBNT-84558-998-X

Acknowledgements
Authofs' Acknowledgments

Publishing
lhisbook
Wewoud liketo thankallthe staffat Expres:
whohavecoftrlbuted
theirskllsto producing
(senior
editors);
areduein parti.ular
to: MeganLaMon(Editorn Chief).
Stephanie
SrnitharrdMichaeSadler
Thanks
production
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Publishrng
design
tearn;
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endEmilyNewton,
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andTimothy
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{recording
We wouldalsolike to lhan[ thoseinsttutionsand teachers
who Filotedthe
for thetrsuDoortand Oatience
andfeedback
wereinvaluable
manuscriDt.
andwhosecommerts
n theproduction
ofthe book.
wish to thankthe followingwho havekindlygivenpermission
for th useof copyright
Theauthorsand publishers
material,
widenthewaytaonewonline
wo/d'by lulianPerkin,@ Financlallmes,February
2001;
websites
Unit 1: "Mlltilnguoi
'feryThe1fte'by
?
Unit2: 'Hrpp]i'by DofothyRowe,@Theobserver,
wuw.observelto.uk;
DanM.Dougall,
@ 1998-2002;

@ Reader's
by DennisPrager,
Digesl;'Good
style"by SusanHornk, o Reader's
Simple
Ttuth
obautHoryinpJr"
lu{k Chinese
Money",'Life
isocobateL
mum",@
K', @Clive
Dgest,Unit3: 'Eusiness&
Maureen
Freey; Unt 4: Whenflomeis0Con$eteTo
@TimesNewspaper
oI Pantomime
Fewiny'T
mesNewspaper5
Limted04/02/1995,
Limited0#02,11995;
Unrt5; %p /r,tdgid
Pl?nSporks
andPetelRobbins;
Ut1il6:'Reelgtuup
dppeals
fotwa$hip';"lncoSiteCableCor
History
ondTraditions',
@NigelEllacott
Baggage
U it 9: 1t4iflnniurn
Anget"Goefiur1ibn*pockets";'Excess
by ArthurSmth;UnitB: "fhecybercloii'i
- EthitolTourism"
Module
2; \he6reenHome',
@WTlvlB;
Unitl0i 'l l0woyrtolivpto I l0',@Deborah
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Magazine,
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Magazine,
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ettracts
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1S58
438822)
Ston
colourlllustrationsr
Chris,
MusicCompositions
& Afiengement
byTed& Taz
Whileeveryeffort ha5beenmadeto traceall the copyrightholders.if any havebeeninadvertertlyoverlookedthe
publishers
to makthe necessary
arrangements
will be pleased
at the first opportunity.

UNIT 1

Crossing
barre 15

UIUITZ
fiVioods
& Feelings

Whatdoesthetitleof themodule
meanto you?
Howdoiou communicdte
withpeople?
Howisyourmoodaffected
by'everyday
situations?

means
of
communtratlon
waysto communtcate
gesrureS

nrQds& emotions
qualities
charactpr

physical
sensations
feelings
expressing

riakesuggestions
maKe
assumptnns.
compare
andeontrast
expfess.pteference
exprgss
extremefeelings
askabo t feelings

afiicl5& detefmineE
too/enough
partitlves
countable/uncoLtntable
noun5

presea
t s mple/pres-ant
contlnuous
stativeverbs
usedto/be/getuseoto

felrtedto
. (ommuntcati(]

feeings

informa
/semr-folma!/
forrndlletters
letters
lronsdctionai

I
Erltaln

SorthAsla

TheGarlbboan

Hong
Kong

t1!
frr

{n

Singapore

i'

b. Makea listof fve thingsyouhavehaddifficulty

with in learning
orcommunicating
in Enqlish.
Discuss
themwithyourpartner
andcomment
o n eacnotherlproblems.

Lead-in
1
2

Lookat themap.Whatdoyouthlnkthe
highlighted
regions
culture
havein common:
religion
- language
- other?
1a- Listen
words/phrases.
andfill in themissing
arein Engsh
-I
Itt--l droqoverrme
neqotdt onsareusuay conducted
in Engrsh
[,4any
fromBritsh
countries
maKea lotof money
A lot of 1

3
Mostof ihe wor d'r bestkn0wn

con'refromthe
USAortheUK.
TheUSAexports5
io t hewholewodd.

MakingSuggest
ons Respond
ing Positively
Whydof 't you )l . T h a t s a g o o d e a
G OK Why notr
I lwef ey ou,I
. lthink you'rer qht
wou0 . . .
. Whatabout. ?
. I never
thought
of that
. Youshoud,/ought
to/mrght
wantto
. lt'sno good.
t h nk dbout. .
. I don' tk now. . .
. Have
yor thought
. I mf ot reay nt o. .
about...?
. I don'tknowwhatgoodit
wc u d d o .

A: l'vegota problem
withphrasalverbs.
B: Why
don'tyou
useadlctionaryl
A: ! don'tknov,t
whatgaodit wauld
do.

n. Match
in Ex.2ato thetopics
thesenten(es
below.Canyouthinkof otherfactorswhichhave
encouraged
theuseof English
around
theworld?
. t-e media
E . to.,'rr [

Paraphrase
thequotations
Whichonedo
below.
youagreewith?Why?

. LreInterre.
f

'lf we all spokethe -same

language,
there
wouldbefewerconflicLs
andwarcl
f
J

a . Which
of thefollowing
doyouconsider
to be
English?
themostuseful
whilestudying
Rank
yourlistto yourpartner's.
them,thencompa.e
. diclionar
es r sonqsr trave . penftiendS
. rado programnres
readngmagazineVbooks
thenews
watching
films+watching
attendlng
lessons

' E v eryri mea l anguage

dies ,t l lCw oi ld
losesa pieceol.,irs=bihtyro iur\,rvc.

ln youropinion,
will English
bemorewidely
spokenin the future?Why (not)?Canyou
thinkof anyaspects
of lifewhereEnglish
isor
will bethe ontylanguage
used?

lhe lfrternetfor Study/

a Doyo! evef.ueerl
to sL.rrf
\'vO
aqedo youiendto
rk ptrrposes
? Wh {h ldngL
u5el

;ic;.' t'e

: T {, 5al,n.:-,[p_:r.1r"'l;,1

i :rEl i xrLrl

i] tO), J.jfr, riJ l.{-r

cl', rai]|l ri. tjt iJ: lrF{tiirfil:,/;er,i:tt.ai:

(J: lli(. lr.i

!i r'lrtirE :er Er:;i1: r+ :rrs'.:.t.:r.tg";y;f
rre :';d L h c l ri f :.];d ti rr i ,ri t si r'rt.tt
,..iia, f aaiir

anddecde
b. l-ock.rttirefollo,,,vinq
senten(es
whe[heryoLlihinktheyareirre 0r falseRead

5;Llo,lL
l].]|.r!r,rir' 1(i 1a,ar"rl i,li Eila-rllnt i'jtlftil:'ri.r

i nd aheLk

|! ! a! Dr l
R l i i ri t -rc ,atr;i r .f' ai i l !rrai ri -i r.l !,ti rrl ,,,,\'i
l-lot-r
rrr tlfrr i)i ,,.'i.ri lai r-i:i tl" n i;cl' fja nllrn1)11

7!1; ai !,,,Gir
tlirla5 a r'

(.r.i -l i, it-a \.r il

t_

l rj .rj i ::' t

: l ii ll llr ' a

l !,1::i i jl

'!i(iljk l].rL ti-rf irn n riir.-..Ii +itlr l:rir;i ;rpl rr o{tlar

l'] !t'.,3'i
lr[r]r.r) (lle ii'.la r'il i",l,ll!r tll l-o'; il-liiir
"
bi: ;.irl .',iirti lr ,: l.i .ri]r.'ir hLr'.llrtt+t irrr -"'lrlr
'
-r.- tr detr - rl! ihf |]]niilirir(l tlrr !rlng'|tipi..r'ririihtr

5it:r':;ikE I i-!l: l ria I

lJ J li! l. it t l' l

'!',,iral!' i ' ,1 [,." rrr l a,r

l-rlij

jll

.''.

yl

'I,:l

lt._:i,
h,r,(i., f1,,,'tA,-,,l-i atr; U.pia

' . : :. 1 r . 1

Al'r,",n!!;tiiiaf itL'
ilt it io,'lrajn[r'.,t':e
nlier; ;ir|lrrririlrir:o
kf! tirr.l!:5 ll |..ri. uarnqrnLrh.BL.lllt'|,r]t, l|l (l{)k

I'JolvreadqLrck ir throuqllparaqlaphs
J & 4 f rorn
theatt cleio thetkyour.rns\,vels

'-t

.'-:

lr,- -:-'

-ri -t-

| .1.-r'.:"j

,'.tr'.

':,;i -a Ll fal

a Inpairs,ookat ihetitle0f theartrce andthe

what
headnqsn iheboxon p. 9, anddistuss
youthirrkihetextmightbeabout.

n
t 20
f
c re p r oicie
frril-,er/-91 ci tre vrorcis oop'.llorion
sprerrkers
o[ Englishthis reors lhctory crrornd I 2-"'"cf
'' the worlbs popuibloncan coinmunic'ote
weiiin English.
Thisfigureis nowhereneorthe ioloI numberof peopfe
rvhich,o120.7%,is much
rpeokingChineselonguoges,
2.5
higher.

ond Asio

dlversil'/.

every\,vher'e,
business

ry

lnformciion
vcries, buf
pogeson.iheWeborein
fonguefor only5.4%of

of the
molher
whileo
:

.guol
websre is
guol websiie
s nol on
01 ecsy
esly
isnsJqte,f
heirsiies,
for diflerent
rth iechnicblond inguistic
ro use.ri:uiomoled
tronslolion
srrnPyoecause
syster']s,
wnrcror-eooyexrs?n rlg:morKer,
p' ol es sio n oulse .
l he qr-oi it yi s nol good eF ough: . f or
Businesses
crlloveriheworlc
5

Read
thearticle
andchoose
themostsultab
e
(Al)forearh
(1-7),
paragraph
headrng
There
sone
extraheadino
whichs notneeded.
Which
wordsin
youdecider
eachparagraph
helped
Howhavethey
beenparaphrased
in theheadings?

Matchthewords.Makesentences
usinothem.

cultural
fast

B
rnarket
ronguc
ty
divers

aafe55

bu5tne55

target

the nternct
pace

A
mot/tet

Smalerfrrmsw I benefit
B Fasimpression5
c A challenge
for translators
D Reaisrngrhenedfor vaflety
DrffrEnt
rLltures,diffeient eeds
I gures
F 5urprising
E Timeis needed
preferences
H Persolal
Proficle
rcy n Errglsh

f,onou{t

Mym1ther
tangue
isPolish.

TextAnalysis
HerearesomeEhrases
fron]thetextyounaveJusr
phrase.
read.
Choose
thecorrect
meanino
of each

Vocabulary
Practice
D

Inpalrs,
wordstn thetext
lookat thehighlighted
andtry to explain
them.

a tlrrEatto cuturaldivers
ty (liRes
13'14)
cujtuTal
varetym ght beattacked
cuitural
varetym qhtdisappear

areqrowt hareas
. . . { lines
19-30)
arerfcreastng
In s ze
o areinc reas ing
t heirbus i nesa{stv i[ re s

Moreover,honslotingwebsilesis only ihe beginning.

wi I needto discuss
Customers
with ouestions
or problems
mottefsin lheirown lcnguoge,for excmple,whilepriees
wi I needto be in ihelocs currencv.
Doleswi I olsoneedto
be in lhe righiformotto ovoidconfusion.
Cornponies
will 50
need lo o opt lher cdvertisingmoleriosso ds Rol fo
olfenddi{ferentcuhures.
Theymoy olso hove to chonge
lheirwqv ol doino business
lo suitcertoincustomers
- in
do nof tend to give
Jopon,for excmple,os the Joponese
lheircreditccrddetoilsovertheWeb.Thereore olsolesci 55
issr.res
io tclkeintoconsiderqlion.

thishugechalenge(lines
44-45)
a having
to trJnslale
srte5
intod ffereftlanEuages
.).te'rs
tl^nqLa -y ofcrrs-rrg
D \avinqro rmp'ovn
4

transat ngwebstes sorlythebeqlnning

{tinc46J
there.rvill
be furtherproblems
to face
b ',vebsites
needto betransiated
first

chanqetheifwayof doingtiusrrress
(tines
52-53)
compafes wi | lroedto changathe prodL.ts
i heys eI
c ompafesw rI needt o c hanqet hei ta p p f o a ch
T OD U5t nes s

t ouldwe hmi targerc ompan

es (lin e7s 0 - ? 1 )
argerc ompdnies
w ill be lm t ed b y sm a le r
c ompani es
b a' ge ror pane wi I be ar a d . adv . l r la g e

Suchvost chongeswill not hoppenovernight.It is

irnpossible
lo soy exocllyhow monytexlsthele ore ofl me
Web os ihe numberis chongingo I the i me-One thing
l h o to g
which
wnrcn rs
is ceIIQrn,
i r rnor
Ine use o[
growrn
r o w thiInn the
ce 'lo in .noweYet/
howeve ,15
of 60
Inlernet
is guoronleed.
Componies
doinge-business
simply
needtimeio lronslole
theirsitesinlo lhe voriouslonguoges
necessorylo do business.
Meonwhile,more qnd more

moteriol
is beingoddedto theWeb
in differeni
longuoges
ol o fosipoce.

65

WhilealI ihis is hdppening,

locolcornponies,
wifi few
employees,
doinge-business
onlyin iheionguoge
of their
lorgetmorket
ospecis
ondwhooreqworeof lhecultr..rrol
of
ihst mdrkel will certoinlybe ot on odvonfoge.
The
problems
of ]ongudge
ondcuhurecouldwell iimitlorger70
componies
lromexpcndngond.so
offermoreopporlunilies
io smoller
in pooreroreasof iheworJd.
businesses

Discussion
Nowscanthetext.underline
andnotedownthe
reasons
whywebsites
willneedto be(ome
Then,in pa:rs,
multilingual
fl tl-enearfurure.
discuss
anyotherreasons
youcanthinkof for
gualwebsites
developrng
multilin
In pairs,
discuss
questions.
thefollowrng
. Ho$irrighta multrlingual
Internet
helpyouinyour
studesA4/ork?
. Canyouthinkof anydrawbacks
to sucha systeml

eansof communication
I rvr

inthelistcollocate
a . Lookatthepictures.
Which
verbs
witheacnmeans
. {ommunitate
. make. answer
. address
0
'wrlte . sen
' recetve'talk w(itdsendheceive/anrwe
oddrcsslettefi

lette15
t^

message

pnone

unication?

faceto face

em a I l

intheboxto saywhatth
Usethephrases
situation
isineachprcture(A-G).

usethesedifferentmeans
Whatdoyounormally
to do?Discuss
witha partner.
of communication
. apply
forajob . booka tableat a restiurart
. introdlrce
to somebody
else
sombody
. makeanofficia
I complaint. aska favour
. nvttesomeone
to a party
. setupa meeting
. getsomebody's
attention

MakingAssumptions
' Usefullanguager
from...hemay/could/might
be ..
Judging
I can'ttellforsure/ bereftain,but it looksasif she
5hemust
I don'tthinkhecouldbe ...because
be...because
...
5hecan'tpossibly

applyfora job.
A: I normqy writeo lettetaranerr.|d,ilto
onapp tationbyfax.
B; Metao,butpeople
conalsasend

thepeoplemightbe
Judgingfrom thel hapw faces,
clappingthei hondsbxausethry are enjoyingo
performance.

canyou
Whatothermeans
of communication
thinkof?
efficimt/
d. Whichmeans
are:persondlfimpersonal,
ineffrcient,economicaI/ costly,formaUinformal,
Givereasons,
reliablelunreliable,
complicdted/easy?
youcansend
because
a copy
I thinksendinq
a faxtsefflcient
fast,
afdifferent
docunents

wryr to communicate

a. Matchtheoictures
to theverbs.

rn

y ell

Etryawn

weep
il
m
uTt whrsper IrTt whistle
m grggre
f ap

nrp..a,of language

body,hnguoge
native,
a. Fillin: first,occenL
,
talk.
tongue"
spee(,i,I.,

a lot abouthow a personis

Youcanunderstand
.........
Language
byexamining
h s ......-......
feeling
b:,L \ i s
7 l ar<s peak{sou' l arguages
isEnglish.
language
soweI you'dthinkshewasa
J Jane
speaks
French
............
speaker.
someone
who hasa
tt diffi{ultto understand
strongregioRal
is
I ne olt|ctal
of The Ntherlands
Dutch.
G e ' ma rs
n h ismo t h e r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .d. .' l...h o b g
excelentFrench
healsospeaks
small................
abouitheweather
Wemadesome
andthenwenton to ta k aboutthecontract.
.'
I didn'tmeanto offendyou- it wasjusta ftgure

lJsefourof thephrases
fromabove
to tellyour
partner
.
aboutyourself

mothetfongue
isPattuguese.

? o*r.u,",
a. Matchtheqestures
(1-6)
to thephrases
(a-0,Dotheymean
thesameinyour

country?
a
b

l'rfi not sure'

ideal
d l'vegot no
e Niceto rneetYou
Don'twofry'

pleasfr
b, Whichpersoniscalmlinpatiafi?uncertain?
disoppointed?
l/l/hyarethepeoplefuelinglike*ris?

Themaninpicture
1seems
tobeimparienr
because
hehos
been
heldunintroffic.

woro,oftenconfused

the
Choose
thecorrect
wordlo comDlete
rentences.
matches
theEicture?
Which
sentence
They look so al ke it's dilficultto
(say/tell/speakrtalk) the difference

'| to hearfromsb (sb'snews);2 to bunlllinfosb; 3 to wave

..........
..sb;4connect..
...,,...
. sb;5 to glare......,.."..
sb;6 to
smtle
. ..
sb; 7 to chat.............
sb; I to shout......-......
sb;9 to whisper
.... . . 5b: 10to Wr(ea refler
. sb;
11to wink...-.. ,. .. sb; 12to shake
...,.........
hands
sb; 13to
makeanappolntment
........
....sbi 14to communicate
...." , ..,
sb; 15to have
a meetinq.............
sb

b. Nowmakea rhainstoryusingitemsfromEx.7a.

It'si surprise,
sodor't (say/tell/speak-italk)
a word.
He(says/tells/speaks/talks)
l-le's
sucha chatterbox!
non-stop.
5 She'sterriblybossy.5he loves(saying/telling/
people
whatto do.
speaking/talking)
Il/speak/talk)
6 l'm meeting
.limtonightto (say/te
busrness.

phrases
tuio*,andFixed
Fiffthegapswith touch,holdorcontact,
then
explain
thephrases
inbold.
for years,
1 | haven't
beenin a classroom
so l'm a
little out of tou(hwith recentmethodology.
2 needto get ".,.......--,..
of Lauri
andtel herthat
tonight's
iscancelled.
class
3 Lets oromise
to writeorcaI at leastoncea month
with eachother
sowe don'tlose.......--.--.-.--,--.-.
withthesho.
4 Theharbour
lost ......,........master
to seeif the
5 Please
.,-,........,
the linewhileI check
doctorisin hlsoffice.
with famous
6 Journalists
oftencomeinto .".........-.
people
aspartoFtheirjob.

1
Appendlx

prpositions.
a. Filltn thegapswiththecorrect

between
thenr.
your
2 Comeon, (say/tell/talUspeak)
mind-| wantyourhonest
opinion.
5

Pr"por,,,on,
+

SI: I w1nted
towitealettertonv friendJonathan
theothet
doysince
I hodn'theard
homhimfaro longtime.
J2:5o/ wentoutside
tobuysome
andI bumped
envelopes,
intony neighbour
Mr5Wesf.etc

Usetheverbsbelowintheircorrect
formto
(ompletethe paragrapn.
. run e cL't. switchr get . hang(x2)r s3ll r put
Itried to cal himon hlsmobileseveral
times.but he had
1).
it off, soI triedhisofficeHissecretary
told
meto holdthelineandshewouldtryto 2). ...............".
rne
through.I had been3) ,. ,..
......on for aboutfive
minutes,
whenmy card4)
.. out and I got
phoneboxandtried
5) . ..... .... . ..... off. wentto a public
agan,butthistrrneljustcouldn't
6) .. .. -.-...........
through
phone
to hisfompany
at all.I hadgivenup,whenmymobil
rang.
lt washiml"Mark."lsatd."at lasl.""sorry.
Fred,"
he
youbackin frveminutes?"
said- " canl7). .................
BeforeI couldsayanything
hejust8)
up I'm still
waitingto talkto him.

11

Youarelistening
to a radiointerview
How doesthe manbeinginterviewedfeel?

ListeningPartI
youlisten,
1-Band
a, Before
readquestions
underline
ineacfr,
Thenthink
thekev\,r/ords
about:

youwil hear
howmanypeople
youexpect
to hear
whatkindof language
whatelseyouexpectto hear

1-8,choose
the
Nowlistenand.forquestions
(A,Bor C),Whatkeyphrases
bestanswer
youanswer
question?
helped
each

- i,"Il i''
I

P-llJl

you
before
It isveryimpcrtant
to readthequestions
isten.Theycontain
vauableinformation
aboutthe
situation,
and also aboutwhat you shouldbe
listening
for.
. Yourunderstandiflg
thingswill be
of the following
tested
in thrspaft:

A angry
B embaffassed

C uninterested
Youarelisteningto a newsptogramm.
Whatisthe reportabout?
phonecompany
A a newmabile
B a newwayto sendtextmessages
qui(kly
C a newwayto contmunicate
Youhara coupletalkingin a cafA.Howdoes
the manfuelaboutwhatthewomanisshowing
him?
heneeds
it.
A He s convinred
it.
B Hedoesn't
understand
C tle thi ksit s tooexpensive.
talkingto a group
Youarelistening
to someone
of people.
Whatisthe man3purpose?
peopleto buya product
A to persuade
people
issafu
thata producr
B to reassure
C to stoppeoplefrombuyinga product

topic
- general

feellngVem
otions
- speaker's
s attituddopinion
- speaker

Listening
- Pan2

(naakar'c n' rn.l(6

I Listenonceandnotedownanyansvyers
you{anthe answers.
Listenagainandcomplete

talkingaboutthe
You'llheara person
orEaflisation
sheworksfor.Whatserviceis 5he
talkingabout?
A rnedicine
fortheb ind
B schoolfor
theblind
c booksfortheblind
Youheara conver$ation
in an office.Why has
the mangonethsr?
A to repair
something
B to phonesomebody
C to check
theline
3 Youwant to get connectedto the Internet.End
youcalla helpline.
Whatdoyouhaveto do?
'1'
A Press
B Press'2'
'3'
C Pfess

youheara manleaving
a
At theairport.
message
answerphone.
What
on someone!
doeshewantthe personto do tomorrow?
A collect
thecarfroma garage
B meethimat theairport
C fixthecafsbrakes

12

in
a. Youwilllistento a reportaboutthedecline
phoneboxes
theuseof prrblic
intheUK,Before
youiisten,discuss
questions,
thefollowrng
Inwhatsitlations?
1 Doyouusepubicphoneboxes?
the boxesin Ex,
2 Paraohrase
thesentenres
cutside
2b.
in Ex.2b.
sentences
Lookagainat the incomplete
W th a partneLty to guess
whatkindof information
is missinE.For which item(s)ls the missing
a number?
Forwhichisit a colour?
information

Readthroughthe ten itemsbeforeyoulistenandtry

to guess
wl-atkindof information
ism:sing.
youneedto fill in
Bearin mindthatthe infofmation
the boxeswill be heard'word for word', but its
contextout$dethe boxes
wilibe paraphrased
in the
rPcordrng.
. voUwilfnepdbeftveen
onpandthrepword5foreacl. MdkesLrethat youra'rswers
fit gramnatically

Nowlistento therecording.
Forquestions
1-10,
mmplete
thesentences
withoneto threewords,

The moneyBT makesfrom publictelephones

has
decreased 1
After the ifl\,entionof the telephone.it tookonly

for theRrstphanebox

t0 appear
Thefirstpublic
phones
wereinstalled
in
5

Thephoneboxwasinitrallvreferred
to asa
" public4

Whichof thesemeans
doyoumostlyuseto
communicate
withyourfamily/friends?

Wfentl^eyfinallyappeared
ol the st'eets,L,leywere
foundin 5

prefurence
Usefullanguage:
Expressing

K OSKS

. l'dmuchrather..than...
. I don'tlikethe
ideaof ...,soI woudpreferto
. l'mnotsokeenon...,soI v,iouldcnoose
ro . ,

GilesGilbert5cottwantedto create
a ohoneboxthatwas
partoftheBritish6
, jLst
likethepostbox,
Heintended
to becoloured
ohoneboxes

Happiness

Notonlydidtelephone
kiosks
not disappear
durrngthe

c. Lookat thetwo pictures

belowof people

lateBos,buttheirnumber
was I
BThasatfeady
installed

showing
theirhappiness.
Compare
andcontrast
thetwopictures,
saying
whichofthetwokinds
of happiness
ismoreimportant
to you,

Internet
kiosks
Collectors
phoneboxfor
canbuva tradtionalBritish
10

phone
c. British
boxes
areconsidered
a symbol
of
British
culture.
Whateveryday
objects
are
considered
asymbol
of thecuiture
ofyour
counlrv?

n tA

d. Whatothersituations
makeyoufeelthisway?

4
rueans
of communication

r grammar
andvocabulary
r discourse
management

Lookat thetwo pictures

showing
different
means
of communication,
Compare
and
contrast
thetwo pictures,
saying
which
youthinkismosteffkient.

i i Listen
to twocandidates
doingthespeaking
k above
andcompare
theirperformance
to that
of yourclassmates.
fusess
yourclarsmates
intermsof:

. prcnunciation
. interattive
coftmunrciirorl

Everyday
English
. Goodbye

Comparing
& contrasting
' Usefullanguage:
. rhe mdi-/greatesT/most
sgrlificant
imprtarUmost
difference
between
theoicturesthat
lhFTost strtkrnc/obv
oLs5mrarttvrst'tat

Inthefirstoicture....whereaVwh
le/butin thesecond
one

Inpairs,
guess
andsaywhattheotner5oeaKer
savs.
a Thanks,
I wil
b Youtoo.
yourhaliday,
Enjoy
Sure.callmewhenever B: Thonks,
lwi!1.
o Seeyouthere.

13

- Part2
Reading

a. tookat theposterbelow.Whatdoesit
such
advertise?
Haveyoueverattended
a performance?
to the
b. Read
thetitleandtheintroduction
What
text.Whatareyougoingto read?
theatre
doyouthinka signlanguage
interpreter
does?
(. Inpairs,
you
thinkof threequestions
wouldliketo askabouta theatre
Read
thetextquickly
andsee
interpreter.
if yourquestions
wereanswered.

1-7,choose
themost
Read
thetext-Forquestions
(A,B,CorD).
answer
appropriate
', , r . r . i ; i l . / i r r r i i r

to geta general
ideaofwhattis
Read
thetextquickly
about.
I
andundetline
key
Lookat thefirstpartof the questron,
I
words.Don'treadtheoptonsA-Dyet.Findthe partof the
refersto.
textthe qLlestion
I
thekeywords.
andunderline
t - Gothrouqhthechoices
thdtbestfits.Keepln mindthatthe
Choose
theanswer
information
mayberephrased.
check
Even
if youthinkyouknowtheconectanwe4always
I
thattheothersarenotappropriate.
I
I
Checkyouranswer
against
thetext.
i'
t*_

performance
Thete
wasatimewhen
deafpeople
couldn't
experience
theioyofatheatrical
lhanks
Thistsall changing,
l0 $ignLanguage
theatre
inlerpreters.
eafpeopleshouldenjoya playasmuchas
rhe hearingaudience.
This is the thinking
behind the Americanswith Disabilities
Act, whichrequiresthat theatres
becomeaccessible
to deafpeople.
Theatreproducers,on the other
hand,arebeginning
to realisethat
such a feature makes lheir
product attrsctive to a wider
1o audience- with considerable
financialrewards,
Interpreted theatre u$ually
takes place as tw'o or three
performances
in a theatreseason.
15 Preference
for ticketsis givento
the deaf and their guests,but
ticketsare also sold to hearing
people who are interested fui
seeing theatre interpreteff at

2o work.
It is a colossalprojectfor the
interpreters.lan Cox works for
SeeTheatre,a Chicago-basedassociationof
interpreters.
He says,"for about a month we work
25 ivith the supportof a Sign Languageconsultantto

14

translate and rehearse an entire play. The

workloadis immense.Considerthat eachactorin
the play hasaboutfour weeksto rehearsehis or
her lines;we haveto learn the
whole oiav in as much time. 30
An4
when
interpreting
wheretiming,rhythm
musicals.
and harmonies must be
practised, the
workload
doubles."
The
most
important
technical aspect of theatre
in erpretaticnfor thedeafis the
location of the interpreter.
rlacement sHalesles can be 4o
caTesonseo
rnto tnree styles:
'placeff,whereiflterpreter$are
locatedoutsidethe actingspace
anddo not move;'zoned',where
interpreters are within
e 45
acting space,but usually move
onlyduringa changeof sceneor
act; and, finally, 'shadowedt,
whereinterpreters

the ftoveruentof the actorsfor whom thev are 50

rntefpfeung,

Theatre
interyreters
haveb{cmecommonplace
because
A deafpeopie
wereavoiding
thetheatre.
wantedto be.omemoreaccessible
B theatres
C a newlawrnade
theirpresence
compulsory
D producers
wanteda wayto attracaudrences

3 lhe workloadof theatreinterpreters

is sogreat
theyhaveto
because
A learnthelinesof allthea{tors.
g interpret
infrontof a consultant.
C goto rdny of therehearsals.
D \ /orkin allpartsofthe production.

Whydo hearingpeoplegoto seeinterprted

performances?
performances
A Theyarethemostpopular
ofthe
5eason.
B Theyareevenbetterthanstanddrd
per[ormances
C Theygivea betterunderstanding
of the play
D Theyoffera chance
to admrre
theworko[
rnterpreters

4 ln whichstyle(s)
of rnterpreting
do the
(hangetheirposition?
interpreters
A the'zoned'
style
B the'zoned'
andthe 'shadowed'
styles
C the'plced'
andthe'shadowed'
styles
D the'shadowed'
stye

The 'placcd'styleof interpretingin the theatre

is bv far the mostcommofl.The intemretersare
side-by-sideand iace the audience (although
;5 some interpreters interact with each other
appropriate).The locationof the interpreterls
generallyin one of three places:stageright or
$tageleft,or on the floor of thehouse.
I ne 'zoneo' swle oI mlerDreler Dlacement
|s a
i0 happy medium between the 'ptaced' and
'shadowed'styles.Here, interpretersare placed
side-by-side
u/ithinthe actingspace.Usually,they
changepositionon stage om scetreto scene- or
from act to act - in of(lef to be within the same
;5 'zone' as the malonty of the action. Zone
placementmakesit easierfor the deafoatronto
sethe interpretersandactorsat thesametime.
The'shadowed'style of interpretingis the
mostinclusivestyleof interpretingfor thetheatre.
'0 It involvesplacingthe interpreters
directlywithin
the action- nearlymakingthem 'signlanguage
actors'.The interpretersare 'blocked'into each
scene, an lirerally shadow the actors. The
advantage
of thisisclear:the interpreteris in such
'5 closeproximity to the actor that the deaf petron
neednot makea decisionaboulwhomto watchheor shecanwatchbothat thesametime,In the
DesloI cases.me ceal DatronmenlallvDlenostne
interprete with the actor, and forgetsrhat the
i0 actordoebnot sign.
Theatreinterpreters
for thedeafarededicated
professionals
who take greatpride in their work.
"Theatre,"sayslan, "is the art of communicating
beautiful ideas io interestmgv&y$. Interpreted
r5 theatre,therefore,is an art in itself. Thankfully,
instead of seeins us as 'additions', PToducer$
nowadaysthinl of interpretersfor the deaf as a
new avenuero cte rMtfv-'

5 Whydosthewriterreterto the 'zoned'slleas

'a happy
medium'?
A lt combines
eements
fromtheftlo otherstyles.
pldF.
B lt ismostlyusedn light-heafted
C lt allows
theinteroreters
to mrxwiththeactors.
jobeas,erD lt makes
r.heinte-prete/s
5 Whatdoestheword'this'in line74referto?

A
B
C
D

t\e advartagps
o'the shadowed'
style
theoosition
0f theinterpreters
theactionina performance
theplacement
of thea-(ors

7 Whatdoeslansayaboutthedtreproducers
iEthe
lastparagraph?
A Theyappre{-iate
theworkof ntepreters.
B Theythinkinterpreters
areexpensive
C Theyseeinterpreters
asa necessary
evil.
D Theydon'tresFect
interpreters

Vocabulary
Practice

Explain
thetheatre+elated
wordsinbold.

TextAnalysis

Lookatthefollowing
phrases
fromthetextand
partsinyourownwords.
explain
theunderlined
1 ...withconsiderablefinancial
(lines10-11)
rewards.
z . platedside-by-srdF
wf'l,n tne art.ngsnace
(li$es61-62)

3 ... thp deafpatronmentdlvblends

the interpreter
wththe aLo{. (lines78-79)

rScusSron
a. Underline
thepart of thearticle
wherelanCox
speaks.
Whatdoyouthinkthereporter
asked
him?Whatquestions
wouldyouhaveasked
him?
b, Inwhatothersituations
areinterpreters
forthe
deafused?
Discuss
in pairs.

15

ie\
lffi/'

Articles

Writetheor f, wherenecessary,

Too/ Enougn +
.-*;
Ysss

Grammar
Reference

Grammar
Refe'erre

On - August20th,1887,d groupof workers

..cornfield
where
of .........
wersitting
at theedge
lunch.
theywerehavng .........
seafrommybedroom
youcansee........
2 Sometimes
hasto beveryc ear.
w ndow.
but . .. . atmosphere
....Thames,
which
by.......
3 Heowns......... house
Rumour
agofor E300,000.
heboughtthreeyears
ishaunted.
hasit that ..., .....house
peopre
rvng
4 A(cordirgl.osoFedortors.
IN
cold climatesare tw ce as likelyto
p e o pe lv l ng
develop
.. .........
art\'it5as ...........
in ....-.......
warmer
c mates
believed
that
For.....
...veryongtime. ......people
of ..... untvene.
. .. ....Earth
was.. .....cenve
t

/ itsnot warm
1 | can'teatthisfcod;it'stoo sally.

enougn.
thespsuitcases
byrnyself;
2 | can'tcarry
............
. ..
beableto buymyownyachl:
3 l'llnever
4 Shewon'l p,i\\ theexam:

dq

wf'

dr

of
a prece
a surnof
of
a tat]lespoon
a capof
a jarof
dropof
a rayof

Determiners
?

Refefence
Grammar

the
intheboxunder
Putthedeterminers
Some
determiners
canEE
appropriate
heading,
of noun.
usedwithmorethanoneclass

t hair/ harrs
2 \rlork/ works
3 damage
/ damages

Uncountable
Nouns

e g. voicetpioneJ e.g.infarmatian,
.........-....man y ,.... . .... proof
every,
dr]y,. . .... .........

2
3
5
o

16

4 people
/ peoples
5 wood/ woods
6 content
/ contents

'hoits'
'Hair'iswhotcavustheW ofyaulhead,
orethe
qrowngfromtheskin.
count?ble
strands
separcte,
, I hadmyhaircutyesterday.
inrnysoup.
' lfoundtwohairs

e.9. message,
csx

All messages
haveto be recorded.
Fvery
messaEehas
tobe ded,
Bothqirlsseemunhappy.
camethistime.
NotasrnEny
students
called
earlier
Qultea fewpeople
l'llneedsometimeto checkmy messages.
Eachroomhasa phone
for youafteryouleft.
Someone
elseasked

ratn
s unsihne
tfrunder
honey

a dictionary,
saywhatthedifference
b. Consulting
thewordrin eachpairis,thenmake
between
illustrating
thedifference.
sentences

. other
le5s.any.both.fewer.enough
.little. several
ra litte . all
much. neither
some. aflother

a different
using
b. Rewrite
ea(hsentence
themeaning
of
withoutchanging
determiner
theoriginal
sentence.

advice
money

af advice:
don'tlendhtmmemoney
Letne giveWUo piece
because
hewon'trctun it.

eve| rafP1t r 6,i3i1r PsnY r966l r eltner

Singular
Nouns PiuralNouns

and
Partitives
/ Countable
Reference
Nouns Grarnmar
Uncountable
thepartitives
onthelefrwith the
a. Match
youcouldusethemwith.
uncoutablenouns
Thenmakesentences.

NoteiQueenElzabeth BUTtheQueen

thesentences
intwowaysusingyour
Complete
ownwords.Usetooor enough.

forming
abstract
nouns
Formation:
Word
ffi

belowto fornnnounsfromthe
Usetheendings
verbsgNen.

r -ance. -ence. -lon. -ation

1 {reatecreaflon
offend
3 form
4 defend
allow

6 Inspect
7 resist
prefer
|l
I rnlerpret
1 0 rnform

English
ln Use- Part3
usingthe
Complete
thesentences
wordgiven.Usebetween
twoand
fivewords.
5l ll;\l

T' O iN'I

Read
thewhqlesentenc,
thenlookat
the keywo.d.'thinkof the structure
tested(e.q. passive,reported,etc).
Usethe g ven word to completethe

second
sentence.
usebetween
two 10
fivewordsn eachgap.

Text

-,

Can you rcrnemberwhere you 0) welr when the first text message
f).....,,..,,..,,..
sentin the UK? You can't?I'fi not sulpdsed.
Nor 2) ...-..-,..--......
anyoneelse.But it's an unpredictabl
world,andnothinghasbeenlesspredicted
3) ,................the rise of texl messaging"
It came from nowhereto become
4) .-....-......-.-.growing
phenomenon
fastest
5) ..-,,.-.-..,
..,,recenttimes,
Over2 milliontextmessages
areseni6) .,.-...-...-...-..
hourin thelJK, The mobiLe
phoneindustryclaims?)....."..--..,...-.
95Ecof tbeff arrivewithin 10 seconds'in
normalcircumstanees'.
TextinghasoFenedup an entirelynewarea8) ...-.-.-...-...-.communication
thatdidn'texistbefore- brief messages
for 9) .,.......-.......thereis a
tiugdemandbut whichdon'tneediie fussof a writtenletter.
Textinghas becomea meanslS)
parentsto maintaincontactwith
1l) ..................
children,for grandparents
to bondwith grandchildren,
for television
to interact$ith the dudience.
lt is a marketingtool of hugepotenlia]for companies
which,for thefirst time,canbuitdup profilesof individualusersandtargettheml2)
specialoffers-

Tertinghasnotbeensuocessful
sinrplybecause
you to corfimunicate
it enables
with
I wouldpreferit if nobody
answered
phonewithout
olherE
13),...,.............
speaking
l4) ..............-.becau$e
it is briefandfld
myphonetorrne.
oi tireusuaLformalities.I tssimplicify mayensuiei tslongI if,
want
I don' t , . . . . . . . . .... . . . on expecbl5) ...........-..."..

mypnonEfor me.
Sheforgateverything I told her.
anything 5he
I toldher.
I drdn'tknow anyoneat thP
confefencenobody There
was
at the conferencP.
Markaskedmethe pricof a fax
rne........
much
Markasked
......-.....
to buya fax.
The operatoraskedhim if he
wantedanymoreinformation.
else
The operator asked
...
h imif .. . ..............
...,hewantedto ask.

Ertglish
in Use Part4
Mostofthelines
inthetextbelow(ontain
anunnecessaru
word.
Findtheunnecessary
words
anow rethemin thspates.
lf you
thinka lineiscorrect.
Duta tick(/) ontheline,

Readthe
(e.q.auxiliaries,
pronouns,
mistakeS
the wcrd
articles,
etc) Remember
mustbewrongnotjustunnecessary.
Whenyoufinish"readagainto
seef thetex[ makessense.

TheMakingof anLrternetEnthusiast
English
in Use- Part2
is
Filleachgapwithoneword.There
(0),
anexample
{'{r Nf

Read
without
thetextquickly
once,
paying
to thegaps.
attention
Readagai.lcaetuly,try1g to fill
eachgap.Trremissing
wordscunbe.
prepos
adverbs.
auxil;ary
verbs,
rrors,
prolours.cor,undions.
eLc.i yocan'tfindtheanswer
fora gap,mole
on to thene[t oneandreturnlater
Whenyo,r''re
finrshed.
adtherext
againto seeif your answers
are
gfammatically
correfi and make
sense
inthesentence
andthetext

A friend of mine,is a la*yer, had neveruseda 0

computeriu his life. But when he decidedto work 00
frornhome,he realisedthai he wouldneedto get the 1
one, He was being quite worried about it because
he had no an idea abouthow to use them.I'm sure 3
he would havebeensatisfiedwith a one very basic 4
machine;but he decidedthat,if he wasgoingto have 5
a homeoffice,he shouldhavea "good'computer.So o
as, he telephonedto order one, and they sold him
the mostpowert'ulcomputerthey had. AJter a few I
da1'spast,he had a super-machine
whichhe hadn'ta I
cluewhat to do with that-But two monthslat+r,he 10
hasbecomethe greateslIntemet enthusiastI krotv ' |1
him.He nowusetiwordslike '1ogon' and'IP address' 'tz
like hs's been uslng them all his li{e, He does t5
everything'online': paysfor his bills, orders books 14
and stationelT,contactshis family in America and 15
readsthe newson BBC.The Internet has become
partofhis life.

/5

-'1-7

FORWRITING
', REASON
Lettersare written for a variety of
reasons.
These
inalude
. givingjnformation
. requesting
information. rnaking
compaints
. making
r makrng
corrections
. askingfor pelmission
suggestians
. q vingadvcei et(
Twc or rnDreof these reasonsfor
leiter.
writingcouldappear
in thesarne
(e.9.W te a lettetthonkina
soffiare .-.
to .". and
exalaining
thq!youhavededded
askinafor
theirodvice
an.,,J

Then
Read
thekeyinformation.
therubric
belowandunderline
answer
thatfollowthequestions
I

ftoma penftrend.
Thisis paftof a ,etteryouhaverecetved

.,, and I knor Lh* | really need Ea epeak Engliah

better, fhe problemie, I haten't Aal t'ime for ertra
leseonsor re$)lar Slady 5e55ion5-WhaLelse Ean I
da t'o impro',temy En6liah?Pleaeewrite and Eall rne
' haLyau 6uqqe6t.

a
t

Writeyourletterto yourpeni'iendDonotwriteanyaddresses

STYLE
Thestyleof writingi yourlettercan
or informal,
be formal,semi-formal
depending
ontherublicandthetarget
readetYoushould
makesurethatyou
your
keepthe samestylethroughout
etter.
TAYOUT
the following:
All letters
shouldinclude
. An appropriategreeting{eg.Dflr
John,DeatSrtetd, followedby an
introductionwith your openrng
rernarks(eE.Howoreyou,etc)and
yourreason
/ tiloughtl
forwriting(e.gwoald wite and tell you aboul my
holidoys,
etc).
A mainbodywhichrontainsthe
requested
bytherubric.
information
A conclusionwhere you can
the mainponis and/or
summarise
makereference
to futureaction.
You shouldlncludeyour closing
rerrarksr'e.g.
W te bo& \oon.ek),
followed
ending
by an approptiate
(e.g.Yours
etc)
fatthfully,
lohn
'milh,

theRubrir
Understanding

1 Whatdoyouhdveto wrlte?
2:
Whoisthetargetreader?
Does
thestyleneedto beformalor Informel?
4 Whatisyourreason
forwriting?
E
T{k(/),
Whichof thefollowing
cculdyouinclude
1nthe etter?
in EnElish
E readbooksandmagazines
in English
writeleLervemails
speaking
country
E traveto anEngiish
watchfilnrsin English
withoutsubtitles
wrtha friend
E practiseconversetion
haveprivatlessons
in a languag
school
E reEister
yourFnglish?
D Canyouthinkof other
waysto improve
howyoucouldarrange
them
7 Forthe pointsyouticked,suggest
willyouneed?
ntoparagrdphs.
Howmanymainbodyparagraphs
Howcculdyouendyourletter?

tr
tr
tr

tnformatstyle
we know
usually
writeInformal
letters
to friends
andrelatives
welr,or to peopleof ourownage.Characteristics
of informal
style
include:
. Shortlorrrs(e.gI'm,you\e,
tts,well,et()
qreat,
really
5imple/colloquiai
vocabu[ary
fun,you'dbettetetc)
{e,9.
voce (eg.'weshould
do
Useof the astive,ratherthanthe pdssive
something'
inttead
of'something
should
bedone',
etc)
youdoing?,l'd
lnformal
better
beginnings
andendings
howare
{e.9.lli,
run,!'ll seeyauon Sotuday,etc)

'lrfl{AT00You
(AII A I,TTIR

Wl]$IIf |{As
9R0PP[D
DOrilil

r}]tqil,r{M"

"ELA((iqtl.*

18

nnalysing
letter
an informal
Workin pairs.Readmodels
andsaywhich
A andBopposite,
oneisappropriate,
Think
aboutwhether:
theparagraphs
organised
areclearly
thewriterfollows
in therubric
theinstructions
thestyleisapproprrate
forthetargetreader

answer
thefollowing
questions
b. Inpairs,
about
A.
model

DearTim,
Hi - howareyou?I'm goodbut I haveexamsthis
weEk at school.I write to answervour letter in
whichyouaskfor my advice.
There are a rangeof optionsyou could choose
from.But beforeI beginwith those,I like to sayit's
a shameyou can't take extra lessons.I had extra
lessonswhen I wantedto improvemy Frenchand
that it helpeda lot, but that wasalsobecause
of my
teacher-Shewaslbe best!-Aryway,yr:ucouldlisten
to theEnslishmusicmorecflen.
Of murseyou.shouldn'tspendhoursto listento
music.That's just a waste of lime! Listeningto
songs in English is a good way to leam new
vocabulary,and it's fun tool Furthermore,if I was
you I'd read more in English.You can also have
conversations
with a friend in English,and then
correcteachother'smistakes-Be serious.thorrsh.I
drdit onceandwejusterdedup laugh.ing
thewhule
time!
I recommendthat you accepttheseadviceson
the matter.

Whatrrreevantinfotmation
hasthewriterncLrded
inthemainbody?
Has-hewr tp' lsedtheco'rec1
Style?
Giveexdfples
3 How could the paragraphs
have been better
organised
?
Whatdo youthinkthe targetreader's
reaction
will
be?Why?
Conectthegrammatical
mistakes.
7

c. Read
modelBandanswer
thequestions.
What stylehasthe writer used?Giveexamples.
Th nk about:
. shortforms. coloqual language
r phrasal
verbs
Hasthe writerorganised
the pointscearlyinto
paragraphs?
Whatisthetopicof eachparaqraph?
Underline
the topicsentences
Repla{e
themwith
ornerappropflare
ones

Your slncerely,
Angela

$
'
DearDan,

Thanksfor yourlastletter.I thrnkit'sgreatyou

wantto brushuponyourEnglishandof course['m
only too gladto help.Here area fer Lhingsyoucan

rryFirst of ail, it would be a good idea to start

readingmore in English.You probablywon't have
time to read novels but there are plenty of
magazines
that alsohelpyou improveyour English.
As you are so fond of nature,why don't you take
out a subscriptionto NationalCeographic?
Yolf[,
be amazedat howfastyou pickthingsup whenyou

actuallylike thesubject.
Anothersuggestion
is to *alch fiims on DVD
withoutthesubtitles.
Thatwayyouforceyourselfto
listento tJrelanguagevery carefully.For a film
loverlikeyou,that'llbe learningwhilerealJyhaving
tun!
The bestadviceI cangiveyou,though,is to get
more English speakingpen-friendsand email
friends.That methodreallyworkedfor mewhenI
wantedto improvemy Italian.Not only will you
Ieanra lot of newphrases,
but you'll alsopractise
thelanguage
activelyyaurself.
I hopetheseideaswill help.And remember.
practicemakesperfect,so don'tgiveup too easily!
Writeandlet meknowhowyotlgeton,

civingadvice
' Sore! meswe need to give advicein lette,s.
Depending
on how formalthe wntiftgis,we canuse
phrases:
thefollowing
Forgivingadvice
. why not . .?
' Whydon'tyou...?
. Youshould..
. li woLldba a qood dea-o / i'

. Havyouthoughtabout/ ronsidered
...?
lf lwereyou, would...
Ithinkrhebestthingwoud beto/ if . .
One/Anolher
suggestion
isto ...
Forshowingthe result
. Thiswitl/would
meanthat ...
. Then,/That
way,...
. lf youdathis,
. Bydoingthls,. ..
. Theresut of th s wouldbe ...
e.E.WhynotphoneMaryandtellherhowyoufeellThdt
yauwillbefaring
way,atleost
theproblem,

a. ,Lookat model
phrases
B.Which
havebeenused
to giveadvice?

Yours,
Pam

19

b. lmagine
thatyouhaveto writea lettergiving
yourfriendtproblems
advice
to a friend.
lVlatch
(14)to yoursuggestions
(A-D).
'l

can'tseemto lose
anyweight.

3 L'rnsobehindwith
myschoowork.
Invileher out for a
coffee
B Speak
to yourteachers

l'venevergot
enoLEhmoney.

ettersto peoplethatwe do
WewritesemFformal
morepolitethan
not knowverywell Theyareusually
stylet[ !5
irfo.mallenprsandarew'fien n a neuUal
impoltant,whenwritingthis qpe of lettel.to make
surethat our wrting is neithertoo formalnor too
informa
.

part-ttme
lob
D Join: gym

Whynotjainogynl Thiswauldrneanthotyouwouldlote
wdahtondaetfitatthesame
time.

fromNetiers
of
Lookat thesetwo extracts
ea{honeisinforrnal
and$aywhether
invitation
Thenfil!inthegapswiththe
or semi-formal.
given.
words/phrases

. contact
meforfurther
details. realycool
. dropmea line
. anexcellent
opportunity
. promise
me . hopeto seeyou

remarks
Opening/Closing
Whenwritinqan nforrnal
letteryoucanuse:
. Opening
remarks
forthetrlastletter
a a thankyouto theperson
events,
theperson's
b questionywishes
aboutTecent
health,
abouttheirnew5,
etc
cornments
an apoogyforthe delayln writ ng/replying
whyyouarewrltnq
o thereason
. Closingremarks
e thereason
whyyoumustendtheletter
family/friends
f greetings
to theperson's
(e.9.to writeagainsoon)
g wisheva
promise
h a request
to the personto repy soon/
to visit,tc
aninvitation

a. Matchsentences
1-8to pointsa-hintheboxabove.
l'llwriteagaifiwhenI'vegot moretrme.
2
Wel, l'd bettersign off now because
Im
to be meetingmy friendsat the
supposed
cinma
rnhalfan hour.
\turiteandre I mehowyougeron at tqp party
3 I
4 l-l hopeyoL? wellandI'ulyoveryourcoldoy
'
now.
5 fl lthouqhtl'd takea few minutes
to writeio
youaskedfor
youwiththe nformation
6 fl Sayhelloto yoursisterfor me.
7 l-l Sotry
rt'stakerre )o lorgto geTbackto you
butl'vebeenverybusyw lh exam5.
a lot for your lovely etter, which
8 fl Thanks
arflveolastweek.
1

70

Semi-formalstyle

Mycousin
lsn't
king
spea

fromthetheoryboxto
c, Nowusethe phrases
giving
Foreachpiece
advice.
makesentences
of
wouldbe.
advice,
saywhatthetesuit

the
b. Lookbackat modelB in EK.2 andreplace
withothersfrom
andclosing
remarks
opening
above.

tr

we would all very much like to see you [herc.Ir is

4t
for us all to metup againafter
i[ you are
xr long. Please5)
planningto aftend.We6i .., ..................,...,.th

is
oftheletters
b. Whodoyouthinkeach
fromthefollowing:
addressed
to?Choose
. aclose
. a bank
friend
manager
. a former
I a person
you've
met
colleague
never

or
c. Look
through
thefollowing
andsaywhether
fortheletter
noteachoneisappropriate
from.Givereasons,
xtractBcomes
me?Howareyoudoing?
1 Hi! Rernember
ldon'tknowif youwillremember
mebutlwas...
We'replanninE
a bitof a get-together
and...
of o.ganisi^g
a .eunion.
Wea'eInthe process
Ha on ..
5 Alltheactons goingto beintheCivic
willbe heldlnthecivirHalion ,..
6 Thereunion

andlnvitations
havebeen
7 Musr hasbeenorganised
sentoutto ...
to get PaulBenyon
to be the D.l
B We'vemanaged
forthen;qhtandwe'veinvtedloads
of ...

(1-6)to the
Match
thesentences
typesof lettertheyaretakenfrom
(a-d).Whichof themaresemr-formcl
andwhicharernformal?
Whodovou
thinkthetaroetreaders
are?

i 1 | Well.anyvvatmy newrrobilei5
Fantastic
and wish'd boughtit
500ner,

lf it's not too muchtrouble,

wouldyou mlndsending
rnea
copyofthe localbust metable?
tt sounds
asit yourrighrbenefit
fl
I'rom gettng 50me more
exerctse.
a m.llonfor t-rpf D I'ial
FiT-.lThanks
yousent it'slustperfect!
lET-.ltt lookslikeI rnightbEgoingto
France
afterall
all thetrouble
IETI t realy appreciate
you wentto In orderto make
mystaymorecomfortable

INFORMAL

askingfor
Ietne krowt we
Piease
fil melnaboutanychangsF Plea:rinformation to nelit\4eeKspfogramnE
oreanyhangesto nert
wee{spngramme.
2 askingfor
CanI stayat yourhousenext
permission Friday
niqht?
3 expressing
a I didn'tlikethe food
complbint
4 coffecting

5
6
7

latto. nf

lnformo[:
Please
f[llmeinabaut
nextTuesdly\
meeting.
Semi-farmal:
Please
letrneknowaboutnextTuesdav's
meetino.

c Lettergivi g advce
o LettProfthdnks

$ rormatstyte
We usualywriteformalletters
to people
we Frave
notmet.
Characterist
csof fofmalstylenclude:
youarc,ft is,wewill,etc)
Longforms(p.9.lam,
Moresophlstcatdvocabulary
veryenjoyable,
I would
fu.gremarkable,
arlviseyou
to. . etc)
Useof the pass
ve, ratherthan the actve voice(eg.3ornething
should
bedone'insteod
af 'weshould
dosomething',
etc)
Formalbeginnings
andendings(e.9.DparSir/Modam,
I lookfowafito
yau,Yaurs
faithfully,Prt)

a. Read
thesemi-formal
sentences
belowandmatch
themto the
informal
onesinthetable,asrn
theexamole.

A lr would be a good idea if yo.

phoneo
tre secrerarT
ard askedter.
B Peaseacceptmy apologies
for the
damage
to yourjacket

information
makinga
Whynotphonethesecretary
suggestlon andaskher?
refusingan I'msorry,
butI can'tcom-6
on
invitation Thursday
n qht.
thanking
Thanks
a milionforal your
somone ielp at thereception.
apologjsing 'm really
sorryaboutthe

b. Usethephrases
above
to wfiteinformal
andsemi-formal
sentences
of yourownforeachtypeof letter(1.8).

'a^'ro<t

Usefullanguage

You'rewronqaboutthe pflce-

daffrage
to yourjacket.

a Lenergivnglnformation
D

SEMI-FORMAL

l'm afraidI won't be ableto come

on Thursday
n ght

a. Read
theextracts
belowandsaywhichisformal,
whichissemiformal
andwhichisInforrnal,
Then,
foreachone,discuss
the
reason
forwritingandthetargetreader,
Underline
thewords
youfindtheanswersandphrases
thathelped

Wouldit beallrighlif stayed

at your
housenextFriday
n;ght?

Thankyouverymuchfor allyour
haln rr t h o r o r o n t i n n

afavourCan
ask
to
waflt
I
is
bcause
l'mwflting
. .. Themainreason
o
acouPte
guitarfor
lborrowYour

Please
let meknowif thereareany
programme
changes
to nextweek's
I wasdissatisfied
with the food.

H I thinkyou mlghtbe mstaken

abouttheprtce.

'{

is'mtne
Trouble
along'
ourguitam
..
yourself

21

9
A

Then
thekeyinformation.
Read
therubrlcs
belowandunderline
answer
thatfollov!.
thequestions

a
I

a
I

a
a
a
a

a
a
I

a
a

Paraphrasing
extract
b. Rewrite
thefollowing
using
moreformal
languageYoucanusetheprompts
to help
you. suggest
that. (to)helpus
. notonly.. but(he)
also
nasexpenence
inthistypeof thing
confident
that. willing
(to)
inadditron
to ' hasoffered
thework
ioinus . finish
veryquickly

., TeI you what,why don't we dsk

Marcoif he'llgiveusa hand?He'sgot
a car and he'sdonestuff like this
l'msurehe'llbeonlytoohappy
before.
to help(especially
if weofferhimscme
moneylor petrolt).ApartfromNlarcD,
With
mybrother
sayshe'llcomealong.

forrof us,we'llgetthejobdonein no
t ime . . .

22

hasrecpntly
writtento yousaying
that he/she
is
Yourlrenfriend
to
veryunhappy
with schoolandhomelife.Youhavedecided
yoursupport.
Writeyourletter,
wite a letterof advce,otfering
youexpect
making
various
suggestions
andsaying
whatresults
if her'she
followsyouradvice.
Yourbest friend,Lee,movedta anothertown last yearand
recently
wroteto youto askwhatyouhavebeendolng.Writea
letter of reply to Lee.sayingwhat you havedonelatelyand
whatplansyouhavefor thenearfuture.

Lastsummelyoustayedwith a Britishfamilyfor a monthto

yourEnglishThefamilyrecently
hefpyouto improve
wroteto
you to askhow you are.In theirletter,theyalsoaskedyou
youthinkyourstaywiththemhelped
youwithyour
whether
letterin reply.
studieswrite a suitable

1 Whattypeof letterdoyouhaveto write?

2 Whoisthetarqetreader?
paragr'aph?
in youropening
WhatinFormation
s[ouldyournclude
Doesthestyleneedto beformal.rnformal
or semi-formal?
in yourmainbddyparagraphs?
5 Whatwillycuinclude
o Howwil youbegin
andendyourletter?

Usinqtheinformation
inthisunit,writeoneof
vouhavelearned
10 the
writebetween
120and180words,
lettersabove.
Youshould

DearTony,
Hopeyoua{ewell.
We miss you a lot.
Please
signoff on your
computerano come
downstairs
for lunch.

Mum

rT

3
-

Lead-in
i thesketches
Canyougu howthepeople
(1-7)feel?Matchthemwith thegroups
of
(a-g)below.Canyouaddanymore
adjectivs
adjectives
to achgroup?

a angry,
cross,
annoyed
D

amazed
surprised,
shocked,

glad.pleased,
c happy,
cheerf
ul

r. Howdoyoufeelaboutthefollowing
things?
Actoutexchanges.
asin the
frustratrng

exampre,
relaxrng
. cooklng
. travelling
dull
to work
. writing
. shopprng
enjoyab
e
letters
. going
. exetcising boing
to thecinenta
. driving
. tidying
tiflng
up
I
stressfu
lftndrcokingrcallyenloy
able.

sieepy
d tlred,exhausted,
worried.thoughtfut
e stressed,
scaed
afraid,frightened.

8: Really?
I don't.lnfoa,! findit qurtestressful.
I

sad,miserab
e, unhappy

Paraphrase
thefollowinq
statements.
Doyouagree
or disagree?
Why(not)?
A dayo[ sorrowis longerthan a month of loy.
Wherethereis ovethereis happiness.

E]
b.

i;

Lrsten
andwritehoweacnperson
feels.

(1-5).
flowdoyouthink
Lookat thepictures
fromEx.la to
thesepeople
feel?Useadjectives
make
sentences.
asintheexample.

Speakert
Speaker
2

Theffion !n thispidurelooks
nnet sadandmiserable.

b. Thinkof a situationandtalkabouthowyoufelt
to yourpartner,

Speaker
3 ...

23

then
to yourpersonal
Rankthernin orderof importance,
happiness?
Whichof thefollowingismostimportant

yourlistto yourpartner's.
compare
. slatus
. health. close
Ons. rnoney
family
ties. marriage
' holrbrerchldren. possPss
. fr endshtp
. ctTeet. selfrmage. othef

a. Lookat thetitle,thefirstandthe
1 Whatisthe drticleaboutl
z Whatds youexpectto read1

thefollowing:
paragraph
of theartrcle
anddiscuss
3 What do you thf k Jnnet'sstepsto
a ]rst
happiness
w Lfbe?['4dke

werecorrect.
if yourguesses
b Skimthetextandcheck
C.

There
is
inthearticle.
fromthelistA-ltheparagrapn
wh;chbestfitseachgap(1-7)
andchoose
Read
theafticle
(0i.Whichwords
at thebeginning
whichyoudo notneedto use.Thereisanexample
oneextraparagraph
youwithyouranswers?
helped

Rea dthetext.T h in ko f l ,v htak i n do t n to r m aot n ni ght bems s ing.

andidenLfy lhe iriaif pointrr earh.
ReFdthe misqnq paragraphs
ll y0u do noTneedto !!.
theteis oneextrdparaqrap
Crossout the aneusedn theexampleRemembef
suchasrefeTence
with theparagraph
beforeand aller eac!1gap Lookforclues
Matchthe toprcof the m sstngpafograph
words{he,there,it etr) or linkingwordsbeforeandaftereachgap.
{:heckthat yoriroptioflfttsthe gapgfammattcaly.
Rea dth ewholete x La n d .h e c kw h e th e tr m a k e s ens e.

Theseditys,it is that ptniculargroup that feel quite

or a lackof
tnllcing
openlyabouthappine'ss
comfrrnable
equals
believc
thata snteof hnppiness
ir-Thrygencraltl'
wearenothing,
andthatwirhoutsuccess
success
conlentmffrtwhen
beganto slowlyachieve
Shcactuallv

Shebeganto
her altitudewaschangLng.
she realisecl
hadmadelifediflicultasshe
rhatsheherself
understand
rr'ay,fot emmple,never
to thinkin a particular
rended
admittingthat she was wronq becauscthat would
Atthe 1
makeherseemweakandvulnerable.
undoubtedlv
cenainthatshe
henielf
endlexly,
samelimeshecriticiscd
xndbappiness.
success
did notdr:serve

Prvclrologi
I
usstillseemto Lreuninppy!
of ltow tr-r
iie e se urlcovrrher secrets

she
Theturningpointin berLfewasr-hentheknowledge
allowed
herto faceup to the
gained
throughhersiudies
get rid of 1
to actually
factthat it was,in facl,possible
withyourseif
and
doubtsandlearnto bemorecontented
manyaspects
of her
1.our[ife.Thishelpedherto change
withothersand
Iifeincluding
heroutlook,herrelatiofts
thechoices
shemade.

e''ethnbegin 2
things,
hon'ever,
tl wcdodecide
to change
it journeythat oflly we cafl mapout. Ve can,howevef,
she
acci)rding
[o Janet,leamlrom otherpeople.WtLat
rus thatalthoughpeople
from her rese'ilrch
understood

24

A Chrnge,
hringsrnccrrrnw;rnd
uni-cnatnq
of course.
cancreatefear,Mostof uslravea tendency
to staywith
wharwe knowratherthan choosing
any form of
changeandso,asa result,tr'econtinueto beunhappy
Shebelieved
B :ne w.ts,ilt one pofilli I oeltntrepessrmtsl.
thatif voue.mected
littlein lile thenvcuwouldbeahle
Fortunateh,
roavoiddisapnuuitment,
in the1970s
rhe
camerorhcrealisation
thatif shecontinuecl
thinkingln
thatwa1.thenhowcouldsheeverbehapp,v?
of
C Janetherselfl.mshadto dealwith thosemomr:nts
in herownpersonal
bothhappiress
andunhappiness
life. Sheadmitsro not beingabletri actr.rally
help
peopleto be happy,but stresses
that if lrou can
prevent
unhappiness
thenyouhavea goodclranc
eof
heinga contcnted
individual.
In rhinkingandworryingaboutwhathashapprncd
m
planningthefuture,we can
drepastrnd anxiously
happiness
shutourselves
offfromthepossihle
ofn'hat
is ahead.r\s a result,the aspectof surpriseand

pleasure
canbelost.
theancienr
E In suppoflof thesefindings
shequotes
Grcck philosopherEpicletusrrlto said, "lt is not
thingsin themselvcs
thattroubleus.butoul opinion
to us in life
of thoserhings,"[t is not whathappens
leacls
to hxppiness
burthewayweviewir thatactualli,

to trvto
F k srcmsthalpeop'erou'adays
arernorcwLJIing
to Life
rcacrdifterently
s elenls..lanci
is a fineexrmple
of thisandhasslon{yfoundthatchanging
heroutlook
heracertain
amount
hzsbror.rght
of happiness
qfierherthevwere
G In thepast,pcoplera-elvdiscussed
happyor norr ndkeptthe:rfeelings
to rhemselves
Back
rhen.thereq'asabsolutelv
no adviceto be had
r'hereasnorvadairflraguineafliclesglving
anrwhere.
advice
on ho$'tospendour fimein thepunuitoI toral
contentment
bombardus from all sides It would
appear
thatuniappincss
isnowgcnerally
unacreptable,
especial.ly
whcrethey( ngergeneradon
isconcemed.
II Shewould,hower.er,
like to advisepeoplechat
happiness
is not a goal but radleran emotiona]
response
ro whatever
happens
andthrt it isperfectly
natural
roleelsad I ti es.[n orderrohelphappiness
develop
antlgrow,thereis a needto seeoumehes
m
beingacceptablc
to thosearoundusandthatn'eare
indecdvaluable
members
of societv.
I(hat is more,fearingunhappiness.
manypeoplelhil
to recognise
thattherearelossesthal we cannever
getol'ercompletely,
eventhoughtbepaiomightBet
lesswith time,Unhappiness
rational
is a completely
fesDa)nse
to certainlosscs.

or unhappiness.

Vocabulary
Practice
?q

can havesimi.larupbringings,they oftenhal'e very

to cventsin life.
different
ideasandresponses

b. I,Jnderline
whichdescribe
al!theadjectives
feelings.
Canyouthinkof a synonym
foreach
one?Whatarethenounsrelated
t0 them?

5o.we crea.te
onr own indivrrluill
tranrlfltion$
of rhings
will make
th*t haopenin life andthosesametransla.tions
usdecidehowwefeelabouranerentandwhatwe neeel
possible
to do aboutit. Jt is not always
to change
whar
l0 happensto us. but w can alwavschangehow *'e
translate
to us.
whatbappens

Adjective:happy-loyFrtl Abstractnoun. happiness

TextAnalysis
Lookat thephrases
takenfromthetextandexplain
partsInyourownworos.
theunderlined

Sheadmitsthatshewouldlike to be ableto bringthat

samclevel of contentmcntto others,Althoughit is
something
aslongas
we eachneedto do for ourselres,
shebeliel'es
wewill beableto
35 n'ereallywant1osucceed.
bringaboutchange.

. rnagaztne
ances.. bombard
u5fuom
al s des
(paragraph
G)
(after
2
. a lowedher1s_lasc_!p_!p_[hC_[egLihd!
1

gap2)
3 ... we then beqil a ioLrne\1
that ollly\vc dAnftnI
o-U1 (aftrgap3)
4 50, we cTeatouf o1,\'nrndrvrdual
translations
of
thrrrqs. (aftrgap4)

ln givingfunheradtice,she saysthar if 1'oualn'ays

criticiseyourself
anrldemandtoomuchoflaurselfthen
simplystopdoingit andbemoteofa friendto yourselfl
40 Focuson fheprc$cfltand{,hatis goingon around.vou
rightnow.
7

living for now,

Genenllyspefing, she recomrnends
youdeseneit,
givingyourself
notbecause
a littlereward,
but because
it is a ple sant,posirivelhing ro do to
positii,e
encouragc
thinking.

a. Explain
thewords
in boldinthetext.

Discussion

Inparrs,
threeof theman points
discuss
tl"ewriter
maKes.

Inpairs,
discuss
questionsthefollowing
.
.

Whatdo youdo to cheeryourself

up?
Areyouan opt m st or a pessirnist?
Giveexamples.

25

uooOsandEmotions

a. Lookat thlistof adjectives

below.Whichare
positive/negative?

b. Whendoyouusually
feellikethatTDiscuss.
A: I alwavs
feelstrased
when
I haveto takeqnexam.
What
aboutyw?
when
laotothedenthft.
B: lfeelstessed

listento fivepeople
talkingaboutdiffelent
withthewaythey
situations.
Match
eachspeaker
feel,

,{\

.
.
.
.
.

He'sdreading
a visitfromhis
Speaker
1
cousrn.
2
Hes lookrng
forward
tc hisfiiend Speaker
comlnq.
Speaker
3T
lifefascinating Speaker
Heflndsstudent
4 I
hisfriend.
D Hemisses
5
Speeker
E Hellkeshavlng
friends
fordinner.

tr

. stressed
r shssduf
+generous
depresed
r yoyful
r 6l1nr gladr rsl61qfl
frustrated
r wosipflr anqry
happy.lonely
aqgressive.
. furious
r shvr tense
nervous.
sad. excited
. tenible.
proud
lary.gptrmi5t,c.
funny

tr

tr

b, Rewrite
thefollowing
sentences
asmanytimes
theadjectives
inthelistto
asyoucanusing
replace
thewordsin bold.

b. ln pairs,useverbvphrases
fromaboveto talk
youexperience
aboutthetimes
similar
feelings.
When
doyoudreadsomething?
Id,eadwoking
B: Onschoot
days,
upin thsm6rniag.

A:

1 Jackis in a good/badmoodtoday.
today.
2 Mariafeelsfis
feelingsad/happy

Physical
sensations

r*t."r" Adjectives

a. Matchthefeelings
to thephysiral
sensations,
asintheexample.
thenmake
senten(es,

In pairs,usethe adjectives
fromthelistto actout

angry
frightened
excited

nungry
strEssed
nervouS

inthestomach
butterflies
heanpound
ing
swealyparms
rushof adrenaline
stomach
rumbling
redface

I wassoangry
tryfocewfi rcd,

in yourcountry
b. Whatfeelingdoessomeone
express
whenthey:. clench
theirfist . frown
. drumtheirfingers
r licktheirlips
. raise
nwrinkle
theirnose?
theireyebrows
people
lnmycouttry
thetfi*toshow
they
oreangry.
clench

shortexdanges.
. furious.
r exhausted.
overjoyed
delighted
I filthy.heart
. fantastic
broken
appalling
. terrifled
huqe.delicious
A: You
must
betied
B: fired!(m exhqusted!
1 Youmustbepleased,

You musthavebeen
scaTe0.

Youlookangry4 Thefoodwasbad
5 Sheseerns
happywith
herexamresults.
s+rahseemed
upset

expressing
feelings

Underline
thecorrect
formof theadjecrive.

a. Cross
outthewordsintheboxwhichdon'tgo
withtheverb'feel',

Themusirin that lestaurantwas quite relaxed/

relaxing.
2 I wasverypleased/pleasing
that yo,-rdecidedto
us.
JOrn
The children were very depressed/deptssing
whenthefieldtripwascancelled
4 I findhorrorfilrnsquitetenified/terrifying.

. Jearr lonelyr adonished

. stressed. sick . irribble I alive
. angry. offendedr ftustrated. hungry
t bener. penicr sfiongr haltry
. obsessiTe

76

5 Howsurprisingr/surprisd
he'snot homeyet!
whentheirteam
6 Theywereveryexcited/exciting

ftrasa,verbs
at

to complete
thsentences.
a, Fillinupordown
Then,explain
the phrasal
verbsin bold.

Appendix
2

wonthefootballrnatch.

J taio*randfixedphrases

qualities
arethese
animals
a. Whatcharacter
and
associated
with?Lookatthepictures
comoiete
theidioms.

recentlyTrrisholiday
5he3beenqurtedepresed
willreally
cheerher
Ca1m......-.-...--..!
Thingsaren't as bad as they
Seem
!

3 Things
areeasing
.,,..,.....,....
a bitatwork,I won't
haveto worksolatefromnowon.
4 I don'tlikewatrhing
sadfilms.
Theyalwaysget me
5 Youhavebeenso stressedately;you rnustrelax
..............
andloosen.
a bitoryouwillgetill.
6 Bobreally
let me."...-..........
I wascounting
on
himto complete
theproject
ontime.
.,
Open. ............a bitandtellmehowyoufeel.
I It'sbeensucha tlr ng day,let's90 to the cinema

asE(n)
1 asbrave
2 aswEeasa(nl
asa(n). .........
3 asstubborn
asa(n)..............
4 ascunning
f,

:< nr riat rr a/n\

6 assickasa(n)
l asproudasa( )
at

airdwind

asslowasa(n)

what
b. Usephrasal
verbsfromaboveto decide
youwouldsayto someone
who:
fromabove
withtheir
b. Nowmatchtheadiectives
opposites
below.

1 youarerelyngon

2 looksdepressed
3 won'ttellyouwhatiswrong
4 seems
to beoverworking

. modest
. flexible
. straightfcrwatd
. foolsh. quick cowardly
r noisye heathy
'
thepeople
below
Howwouldyoudscribe
fromEx.7a?
usingtheidioms

prepositions
+

Appendix1

to &t ]vitfi.Thenmake
| fl Fillin:fw at of,in,about,
sentences.

1 afraid......
...sth;
2 amused
..........
sthl
3 angry...-...
..sb;
4 annoy ed
. . .. . .. . -s b

..,........
sth;
5 anxious
.. . .....sth;
6 ashamed
.... ....sb;
7 bored
sth/sb;
"-.........

$ worasoftenconfused

thecorectitem,
Underline
myparets.
out,I do miss/lose
1 Sincel'vernoved
z Hecouldfeelhisangergrowing/heating.
to behere.
3 It fuelsstrange/strangely
4 I feltas/like
a childagain
hisfeelings.
5 Heflndsit difficultto express/tell
felings.
E
Sheistryinqto hidehertrue/authentic
otherpeople
7 Shea wayswantsto pleaser'enjoy
yourfeelings.
8 l'msorry
l'veinjured/hun

)1?

-f-

B brilliant
..........sth;
...........
9 close
sb;
10delighted
...... .. sth;
11dEaptrointed
........- sth/sb;
12excited
...........
sth;
l3 faithful
......-.....
sb;
l4 friendly
..-..-----.
sb;

t5
t5
. ........
l7 grateful
,..,....sb.......
..,,sth;18jealous
sb;
t 9 nervous
.. ........
sth,20pleased
........,
sb;
21 proud. . . -. . -s t h; 22 rude. . . . . . s b;
73 s ens it i v. .e. . . . . -".
s t h; 24 ups et. . . . . . . .s. t. h

27

andfor question5
to the radiointerview
Ljsten
(1-7)choose
thebestanswerA, B,Orc.

ng- Part3
Listening
abouttheir
a. Youwillhearfivetherapiss
talking
(A-R,
work.lookatthedescriptions
of therapies
underline
thekeywordsandsaywhateachone
mightinvolve.
tnpairs,
makea listof words
related
to eachone.

\ \ r\1 ::,l l i J l l r-\

.f

. Readthe instructions
and uRderline
the
carefully
partthatshows
havin common.
whatthespeakers
r Beadthe listA to F andunderline
the keywordsyou
havetc listenfor.

. Listenfor cluesin th formof relatedconcepts

and
paraphrases
to the promPts
to matcheachspeaker
youlanswers
untilyouhavelistened
Donot frnalise
to thewholeextract
. Remember
to may
that what you are listening
information
rontaindistra':tinq
. Whenyou listenfof the se.ondtime.checkyour
there i5 an extra
answers
carefully.
Rernember,
optionyoudo notneedto use.

thedescriptions
of different
Listen
andmatch
(A-F)
to thespeakers
kinds
oftherapy
{l-5).
whichyoudonot
There
isoneextratherapy
needto use.
A
B
C
D
E
F

whilelistening
to music
dealing
withyourproblems
aboutyouremotions
relaxing
andthinking
yourproblems
tc yourfamily
explaining
throuqh
workinq
fllrns
outyourproblems
problems
discussing
in groups
through
dtawinqs
expressing
feelings

Speaker
1

Speaker
?
Speaker
3

tr

n
tr

4
Speaker
speaker
5

tr

correct?
Whichof the
c, Wereyourinitialguesses
hear
wordsyoucameupwithdidyouactually
onthererording?

Listening
enin?- Part4

aboutcats'body
a. Youwillheara radiointeruiew
youlistenanswer
the
language.
Before
questions.
following
1 What;s'bodylanguage'?
2 Do you thinkpeope can guesswhat catsare
Why(not)?Inwhatways?
thinking
andfeeling?

28

t\a[\i !Tfl 4TEii\'

and possible
answen
the questions
Tryto predictwhatyouaregoingto hear
youraFswers
to
untilyouhavlstened
Don'tfinalise
youarelistening
for
twice.Remernbef
therecordrng
purpose.
detailanda specific
. Alwayscheckyouranswers
carefully.

Rogerbelieves
that hiswork i5
A rather
boring.
B natural.
C qute excitlnq.
2 Roger
saysthat

whatcatsarethinklng.
A heunderstands
exactly
language
cantellushowtheyfeel.
B cats'body
surprised
bythewaycatsbehave,
C heisalways
3 A catshowshow it fuelsby movingits
A head.
B ta.
C paws.

lf a cat'stail ls fluffedup andpointingdown,

the cat is
itself
A protecting

B veryangry.
C happy.

when two catsdre dbout to fight, the most

one
aggressive
A wilihaveitsearspointingforwards.
frightened.
B willsound
c won'tmakea sound.
6 catscanunderstand
if youarefriendlyto them
by the way you
A talkto them.
E touchthem.
C lookat them.
7 Which of the following best describesthe
interviewerlattltude?
A Hedoesn'tlikecats.
B Hedoesn't
believe
whatRoger
issaying.
c Hissurpnsed.

to
c. Inwhatwaysdoweusebodylanguage
expresr
ourfulings?
Thinkof d5manyexamples
in pairs.
asyoucananddiscuss

Areyoualright?
Yor.,
seemLpst.
1'vebeenin a badmoodaLday.
B: Well,to be honest,
Andnow.l'vejustfoundout fa ledrnydrlvingtest.
sol'm reay depressed.

Paft3

Situations
5tressful

-\

! . tudentsA & B

pictures
of common
situations.
Herearesome
you
Talkto eachotherabouthowstressful
thethree
thinkeachonecanbe,then,choose
thatyouthinkarethemoststressful.
lt isnot
witheachother.
necessary
to agree

intheboxto actoutsimilar
b, Usethenhrases
dialogues
forthefollowing
situations.
.
.

hashadhiscarSroten.
Yourl'riend
Yourfiiendhaslostherpurse.

skingahoutfeelings
Expressing
feelings
. Wel, t's beena ...day
Howareyou?
. Areyou(feeing)alrighV . Actually,
thingis
../The
. Tobe honest...feelll've
a gry/upsevp
ease
dl
oK...?
beenin a gocd/bad/etc
. s everlthngalriqht?
moodallday .
What's
wrong/the
matter. I'msadia
ngry/Elad
withyou?
aDouT...

Everyday
English
. ExclamationE

Whichadlective
bestdescribes
howeachperson
feels?
. rereve0
. grateful
. disgusted
confused
. annoyed
impressed

Pa{t4

He'sHTryessed.

b, Inpairs,
answer
the
questions.
following
in yourlife do
Whatothera-rivites/experieflres
youfrndstressfrl?
Why?
Whatdoyouusually
doto relax?

doingthespeaking
f. .) Listen
to rwocandidates
interms
tasks
theirperformance
above
andassess
of:
gramrnar
andvocabu
ary . pronun{ratron
interactive
tion
communica
thequestions.
howfarthey've
answered

(1-6)withthe
b. Now,match
theexclamations
(a-f),
sentences
asintheexample.

m
m
l-til

Communication
used
Underline
thephrases
a. Read
thedialogue.
feels"
to asUexprss
howsomebody

know
trtr don'tyou

te-ll Thank

trtt

!
Whata reief!

In paiB,actoutshortexchaftges
usingthe
exclamations
in Ex.6b.

. AskinEaboutandExpressing
feelings

BequietI
Thats disgustingl
That'samazing
!

A: There's
abigspider
ontherciling.
8i

Yuk!Thati
disgusting.

29

Reoding
- Pan3
0nd
a. Youaregoingto readanextractfromSense
Fromthetitleof the
Senribr'lty
byJaneAusten.
novel,
whatdoyouthinkyoualegoingto read
about?

b. Read
theshorttextabouttheauthorandthe
you
novel.Inpairs,writedownthreequestions
haveaboutthEtext.Skimthtextto seeif
yourquestions
Wereanswere0.
JaneAusten(1775-181fl,a famous
Fnglleh writer, wrote about the

ordinary world of men and woaen as

it was tn the early 19th century a
place wherc love and romanceqrere
bindered by economicsefld h]frAn
lmprfedion. Her hemines had
distlnet personaltttesand her
characrerslr'erc nwer cornpletely
good or conpletely eril Lrutmor
complicated mixtrrre$,Someof her mo6t
feffous stories arrePrrdeand hejudice (181t, .$ense
a*d Sexstblliry(l8ll), fqansfeld'Pe* (1814) and Emma
(1815),
h thi.srcrtract from Se4seafid SsrtsibltJ),Mr Heflry
Dashwood has rcently died and left all his money to
his son from his first maffiag,John, tlts second wife,
Mrs Dashwood,and her thr daughtersare left
$rithout a permanent hotrre and very litde moncy,MJ
Johr D*shwood is 'weakand hts srife i6 seul$h and
they have litde concern for the familyb welfare.

t IAM 5rl$ ll-arY

Readthe text throughand think of what kind of
information
is missrng.
Readthelistof missing
sentencps.
Cross
oul theone
usedin theexample,
Fitthesentences
intothegaps,
Remember
to lookforcluessuchasreference
words
(it,that, he)
fheck youranswersand readthe text throughto
that there15one
seeif it makessense,Remember
youdo not needto use
sentence

fromthe
havebeenremoved
Eiohtsenten(e5
(A-l)theone
text.Choose
fromthesentences
isoneext.asenten(e
whichfitseachgap.There
whichyoudonotnedto use.Thereisan
(o).
example
at thebeginning
helped
word#phrases
b. Howhavetheunderlined
youdecideT

30

@%*oo"*,

*as thefufleralovr.thanMrs

withoutsendinganynoticeto
JohnDashwood,
her mother-illaw. arrivedwith her child and
No onecouldifl$$.$lb;
her right to
her sewants.
behaviourwould
s come.[oTDlThis thorrghtlass
to anywomanwith
havebeenhighlyunpleasing
ordinaryfeelingsin Mrs Dash'rood'ssituation.
FTI ptt* John Dashwoodhad neverbeena
family;but
favouritwitl anyof her husband's
neverbeforehad she had the opportunityof

she
themhowi{ffiffi9,tffi andselfish
showing

couldactwhenthesituationrequiredit,
Mrs Dashwoodwas so deeplyhurt by this
F,-.gdJitgbehaviour, and she hated her
so much for it, that, on her
1 5 daughter-in-law
arrival.shewantedto leavethe houseforever.

l?T l also, her love for her threechildren

helpedherchangehermindandfor theirsakes
with their btother.
sheavoideda disagreement
a
Elrnor, the eldest daughterlpossessed
greatstrengthof understanding
andcoolness
of
judgement. l3Tl She was often able to

A But she had alreadyshownthat she was as

hersense.
romatic asMarianne,
withouthaving
girlmadeherthinkabouthow
hereldest
However,

,!he!wouId see
m.
i.t.ipppr.eR$ri.lf

Butin M6nalhwood'smind.with herstrongsense

madeherfeelabsolutelyi$,ffiffi
frornthe
Afterall.the housewas herhusbandk
moment
of hisfather's
death,
but still she could
Elinor.too. was sufFerino;
struggle.
shecouldmakeaneffon
enaDteo
nerIo otveaovtce
ro ner
F
rnother
eventhoughshewasonlynineteen.
The two women encoutaged
each othef to
howtheyfelt.
continually
express
Elinorhad an excellent
heait;her naturewas
werestrong;but 5h.!:
affectionate
andherfeelings
knewhowto cont&lthem.
didnot havethestrongfeelinEs
Mr JohnDashwood
of the restof the fami{y.

b- Inpairs,
findwordsinthetextthat
describe
orindir:tehowElinon
Marianne
andtheirmotherfeel.
influenceMrs Dashwood,whoseenthusiastic
nature

FTI It wasa

ffi fextAnalysis

whichher motherhad yet to learn;and

25 knowledge
whichone of her siste$wasdeterminedneverto be
taught.
Mariarne's abiiitieswere,in trany respects.the
sameas Elinor's. She was sensibleand cleverbut
30 her sorrowsand herjoys had no limits, She was
generous:likeable,interstingand everythingbut
careful.TheI
between
her andhermother

Whatdotheunderlined
phrases
mea[?Choose
A or B.
ME JohnDashwood
I
beena favouritewith any of her
hr-rsbands'
family.(lines8-9)
A TheyneverthoughtsheWOUIO
in life.
succeed
B Theyhadalwaysdislikedher.
Elinor... possessed
a greatstrength
of understanding
and ccolness
of
(lines?0-ZZ)
rudaement,
A Sherarelypanicked.
B Shewa5strictwith people.
They ,. weredeTe/mined
ECyg:lg
be comfortedin the future.(lines
3840)
A T\ey refusedto suffer dry
morehardships
I They were convincedthey
wouldneverbehappy.
Elinorhad dn excellent
heart:

Elinor was concemedabout her sister'sstrons

35

Marianne's
so l:ke her own.[ETl The
serrsibility.
pain of grief rffhichoverpowered
{hem at fir.stwas
willinglyrenewedandcreatedagainand again.They
let themselves
be overwhelmed
by their sorrowand
40 werdeterminedneverto becomfo edrn thefuture,
[OTl Strecouldtalk with herbrother,welcomeher
sister-in-law
on herarrivalandtratherpolitely.She
alsotriedto convince
hermotherto do thesaneand
encourage
herto showsimilarself-conrrol.
45
Margaret, the other sister, was a goodgirl- li | | So,at thirteen,she
humoured,agreeable
wasnot likelvto equalhersisters
laterin life.

(senrence
H)

A She was Lrnderstanding

dnd

JE

compass|onate-

B she hadalwaysbeenin good

health.
1g\

$d

q Discussion
W/

Vocabulary
Practice

a. Matchthewordsincolumns
A andBto form
collocations,
Thenmakesentences
using
them,
hasty
stronE
thoughtless
splf

.r.)Listento thepie(eof music.

B
behaviour
numoureo
ernotions
control
de{isrons

Whatimages
related
to the
extradcometo mind?

low do you

Do whaE?

Ao?

b. Whoor whatdothefollowing
wordsreferto?

I rnean,hwt

. them{line1l) . theirfline19) r hgt(l' . tt,

do you f nA
yourself?

. them (line37)

Which
character
doyou
sympathise
withtheilost?Why?

,i*

l'fi never loat.

Explain
thehighlighted
words.

a. Underline
theadjecives
thewriteruses
to describe
eachcharacter.
Inpain,use
themto describe
theirDersonalities.

Whrt | rnean
)s.howdo
you I eel?

Wxh my finqeE,of
caffie. 7 eaie, bto?
bolheringme w|h all
theie o )ly quest otli.

31

q Present
YT

usedtoiBe/Getusedro
+
$
Grammar
Reference

Present

a paststote?
Whichsentence
refersto:opasthobit?
r uftent(honging
situation?
auffent situotion?

Reference
Grammar

Whatis
Circle
thecorrect
optionforeachsentence.
eachtenseusedfor?
in thegarden
rheboysplay/ areplayingfootball
at themoment.
y'freezes
2 Waterrsfreezing
at 0o(
nextweekend.
5
Jackvisits/ isvisitinghissister
Shecatches
/ is catchingthe 9 o'clocktrainevery
morninq.
5 Eillis looking/ looksverytiredthesedays.
5 She(is)atways
interrupting
I intenuptsme

intothecoffecttense.
Puttheverbsin brackets

3
4

5
6

.{try)to gettheTVto work.

| .....,.
.. . . ..-.....
Canyouhelpme?
, ..-(do)hisbestat school
Healways
(argue)
allthetime.
They....................
Joycan'tcometo thephoneghtnowishe-.....
...
(have)a showerfootball
We .......,.........
......(noVplay)
every
day
yourdoctor?
........(you/trust)
(leave)
thistirnetomorrow.
They.. ...
.....(novget)
to work
She..........
before9 ameveryday.

ff strt"v*rur
?Refefence
Grammar
in thepresent
simple
Puttheverbsin brackets
then,explain
the
orpresent
continuous,
changes
inmeaning.

We usedto live in Scotland.

b I amusedto fuelinglonely.
I am gettingusedto livingin London.
d 1usedto bite my nails

thesentences
uringuredto
+intfuffn/r
or
b. Complete
uredta+hqfornandtheverb$in brackets.
bpJget

I ..................
It'stakenmesometime,butslowly,
morning.
. .... (wakeup)at 6 amevery
.. .......(play)
2 she...........
te'rniseverySaturday
beforeshehJft her\,\,r;st.
.........
3 JohnandMary.... .....-.-...{goout}wlth
evening
before
theyhadtheirbaby
friends
every
( eat)
. .. ..........
4 They......
......
fattyfocdseveryday,but ncAry
they'vecut down.

c, Writefivesentences
aboutthingsyouareused
to doing.
situations.
Thinkofthings
d. Lookat thefollowing
yournighthaveto getusedto in eachrase.
thebegnningof the
year
school
town
movlngtc a different

4
5
6

7
8

| ..., ....... {think}theplaysiartsat eighto'ctock.

hasgoneotfiit . .. ...........
l'msure
thisyoghurt
...
{novtaste)good.
Thechef.......
(taste)
moresalt.
thesoupto seeif it needs
(see)
....,....
what
youmean.
l'llcheck
myfiguresagarn.
(see)
thebankmanager
Andrea....
morning,
al 10o'clock
tomorrow
girl;she
ljna..................
.....{be)a verystubborn
(novlisten)
...............
to anybody's
advice.
-..........
(be)so
lcar'l Jnderstand
........
wl'yshe.....-.......
soflexible.
stubborn;she'snormally

usedin
b. Choose
fiveverbsthata.enot normally
thepresent
andmakesentences
continuous
usinotherfl.

32

goingona strict
diet

yearl ll haveto qelusedto

Al thebeginning
of theschool
geltingupeorlyin themorning.

tnglrsntn use- raft J

I sentence
sothat it hasa
le firstsentence,
usingthe
wordgiven.Usebetween
twoandfivewords,

(think)
1 lamie...-..............
aboutbuying
a newcar.
I

jot]
a newsummer

Noel notusually
in a badmood.
.. ina badmood
like
lt is .,,....,........,...
Amywouldrathernotgooutto dinner
withus.

withus.
Amy...........,
outto dinner
feel
wherever
she
3 Themovie
starisalwaysrecognised
goes.
avoid

Themovlestaraan't
.. , wherever
shegces.
4 Maryoftencriticises
People.
people.
tendency Mary................................
5 Shecan'tstandhimplayingthe guitarthat loud.
complainingShe
playing
thatlou{j.
..........
theguitar
untilnoon.
sleeps
Heusually
He , . , . . --. .
used
-. - . . . - - . . . n o o n
1
to findlearning
so
chrishadnotexpected
Spanish
InteresttngChflsB more
tn
hA hr.l aYnal-+orl

,#\
Wordformation{UL^'-

Formingadjectives

Fillinthecorrectadjectives
in eachcase.Use:-ing,
-ive,-able,y, ed.
Verb

Adjective

Verb

Adjective

reieve

comfort

PoELtt,ue
f eelfngs

I TU SI
tTnIaIe

care

prolecl

SCare

bore

5dI|5ry

Forquestions
1-15,
readthetext belowanddecide
whichanswer
A, B,Cor D bestfitsearhspace.
,."

LhLnesset gl e
Recently,the Feng Shui
business
hasbeen0) /rocnr
ing
asurcreandmorepeoplel)

English
in Use- Part,5

an lnterest in Asian culture

Readthroughthe title and the wholetext to

understand
what t isabolrt
youneedn eachgap.
Decide
whatpartof speech
you mayhaveto usethe word n the
Remember,
pluralfornr,or the negative
form.Thinkof posslble

prefixes
andsuffixes.
Readthetextaoarnto seewhetherrt maKeS
sen5e.

Usethewordgivenin capitals
to forma wordthat
fitsinthesnace
inthesame
line.
Thesecretof beinghappy

lve speDtyears studyilg 0) fifipl]irr-isand

js
oneofthemDstl) ,.*.,,.-.....,.,..-.-.
conclusions
that theris hardlyanycorelation betweenthe
cfcumstancs
of pople'slivesand how hapFy
they are. A moment's2i ......,--.--,"-......
should
make this obvior.$.We all know peoplewho
havea 3) .--..-...-..--.
.-.---..-.--.easylife, yet are
always4) --..-.-..
.,,,...-.,,,..*-,,...,
arrdotherswho
have suffered great hardships but remain

HAPPY
S IGN I F Y

REFLECT

BELATE
MISERY

5) .. . . .. .. .. .. ........--.....,,.,..
happy,
fSSTNTIAL
Thefirstsecrtis gratitude,
6).,,,,,,..,,.,,.,,, GRATEFUL
people
cannotbehappy.
Wehavea ?) ...-...-..-..
TEND
10 think that beingufthappyLeadspeopleto
complaiu.
It is lruerto saythatfrndingcausefor
8)....-...-".,,....,
leadsto people
beco ingu happy. COMPTAIN
Thescond
that
secret
isthe9) .....,.....-...........
REALISE
happiness
is a by-producr
of l0t -..........,--.-.,...--...
ACTIVE
thatgiveour Iivesmcaning.

Englnh
in Use- Part1
I

Readthet tleto geta general

idEaofwhatthetext
isgoingto be about.
Readthetextanceto getthegeneral
ldea.
Readagan. Pay{loseattention
to thewordsbefore

lifesgJes.
Whether
peopleare2) ..,...FengShuiexperrs
or simplybuyingbooksand trying ir out for themselves,
thereis no3) ,..-.,.,
that,in rheWest,jn thelastfewyearc
theideaof FengShuihasrealty4) .......,
off.
Sowhatexactlyis FengShui?Well,it is a Chinese
art
formthatis concerned
5) ........
thewayyou afiange the
room$and the furniturein ynur house.It is believedthat
organising these things correctly will 6)
you
happiness
andgoodluck.
In the UK thereare currentlyaboutJ00 FengShui
consultants,
Theywill ?) .---....
to yourhouseor officeand
giveyouadvice8) ........on your lifestyleanddateof birth.
Accordingto onesucherpelt,I 9) ........installan aquarium
with slx hlackand one red goldfishin my livingroom in
order l0) .......,absorbbad vibes.He also told me to
Il) -.......
attentionto oneof mywindows-He advisedmeto
purplanrson rhewindawsitlto 12),,,.....
thelossofposilive
energy.The real'weal<
spot'rn my house,however,
wasthe
cooker, He reassJredme that hangingsome dried
vegetables
aboveit wouldsolvethe 13) ,,.".-..
.
Whetheryou 14) ....,...in the powerof FengShuior
not, it is ccrtainlyhavinga majorimpacton the 15)
thousands
of peopleorganisetheir homes.
0 A srarfln9
B booming
I A t ak e
Bdo
A requesting B asking
A worly
B fear
A taKen
B driven
5 A tn
Bof
6 A carry
B Sring
7 A call
B come
I A Daseo
B put
9 A ougnr
B need
10 A for
Bas
11 A qrve
B have
11
A keep
B delay
Afaut
B error
'14 A believe
B arcept
if
Aponl
B manner

C opening
C make
C consu
ting
C problem
C made
C with
C make
C visit
C held
C must

D enncnIng
D grve
D advsrng
D doubt
D started
D throuqh
D grve
D look
D carfleo
D nave
cthar
D to
c pay
D put
C finish
D ptevent
C problem D rntSTa
Ke
D rely
Cs t y e
D way

o, u o, rE , c o | . , r g o t J .

Lookat thechoices
the bestone.
you have.Choose
Readagainto seewhetheriI makessense

33

'.!- ,

trdn5acttonat
teRersare

(e.9,anadv,ertisement,
somewritteninfofmation
a letter;
(e.9.a
aninvitation,
a note,etc)aswpllasvisualptompts
map,a diagram
etr).
. Lettersshouldstart with an appropriate
greeting
(e.9.DearSir,DeafMxsBrown,etc),followedby an
introduction
and
whichgivesthe openingremarks
thereason
forwritino.
paragraphs,
Themainbodyis dividedinto separate
Wtrrch
topic.ldeasshould
eachdalwith a separate
belinkedwithappropriate
lnkingwordsandphrases.
Theconclusion
summarises
the pointein themainbody

ancl/or
makes
refurence
to fu(ureaction,
andindudes
(e.9.
tlosing
foll'rwed
endrng
remark
ry anapprcprate
Yours
sincerey,
+ yourfullname)
It isimportant
given
to inchdeallthe factualinformation
in the rubricusrngour own words,andto usea style
semr-l0rrrat
or Tormat,
itnrormar,
tho tlrnat

rar..lo.

q Understanding
Rubric
1
the
ar'
Read
thekeywotd#phrases
thErubric,
underline
andanswer
theouestions.
Yourclassis organising
a surprise
4fth birthday
g paftyfor yourEnglish
teacher,
Mr Smith.Asclass
3
youhavebeenasked
to invitehiSwifeto
a prefect,
a
the paftyandto askherfor heradvice
on whatto
a
yournotesandusethe
buyMrSmithasa gift.Read
inforrnation
to writea letterto MrsSmith
q9

Notag
. iwiie Mrs gmith on behalfof Year 1O
& axplainEhrt par[y is 6urpri6e
qive deLaila- lOth lvlay,qpm, echoal
1ym,butlet
etatf
. adk abotrtqi - boow warch?jumperT
other?

1 Whoisthetargetreader?
z Whatstyleof writingwouldbemostappropria?
I
Whatisyourreason
for\ 4iting?
4 What information
shouldyou includein the
introductlon?
5 l-+owrnanynrainbod paragraphs
will you write?
Howcanyourpphrase
theinformation?
youendthe letter?
Howcor.ild

34

Analysing
a letterof invitation

themodeland
droose
appropriate
topic
a. Read
ftomthelistbelowto replace
sentencer
thosein
youdeode
bold.Whatmade
onthese
sentences?
Whyaretheothertwoinapp{opriate?

to buy?
Couldyouhelpusto decidewhatpresent
We haven'tgot a cluewhatto buyhimfor a gift.
I don'1needto tellyouwhenthepartyis.
Weareholding
thepartydfterles:ons
on I fth May.

DearMrs Smith,
I am witing on behell of Mr Smith'sYear 10 English
class.A,r you knoq your husbandwill soonbe celebrating
his 40thbirthday,and we havedecidedto throu'a partyfor
hifl- We wouldbeverypleasfdif you cauldattetrd.It would
be loveiy 10 meet you alld your presencewould add to the

surprise.
1) Thr party wlll takeplaccaltcr schoolon l0tb May, It
will beheldin theschmlgrmandit startsat 5pm.TherewitJ
be a buffet and the guestswill inctudeYear 10 English
$tudents,the staff of the English Departmeflt and the

Headmaster2) I woulallik io oskyour advireregardiEga cdtable

gift. We cannotdecidewhetherto buya book,a watcbor a
jumper.Perhaps
you couldtell uswhichyouthinkhewould
prefer,On theotherhand,youmayhavea betteridea.Any
suggestions
wouldbemorethanwelcomepleasedo nct hgsitateto
If you haveany questions,
youat theFa{ty.
contactme,I lookforwardto seeing
Yourssincerely,

Mauic9in7+an
MaggieSimpson

b. Answerthefollowingquestions.
fromtherubricbeenincluded?
1 Hasalltheinformation
havebeenused?
Can
2 WhichlinkingwotdVphrases
yor.r
suggest
alternatives?
Hasthewriterusedanappropriate
style?Whatisit?
Grveexamples.
Whatdo youthrnkthe tarEetreader's
will
reaction
be?Givereasons.

Choose
anappropriate
alternative
beginning
and
ending
to replace
thehighlighted
sections.
Howareyou?Weloveyourhusband,
sowe're
throwinghima party
Asa studentin I\4rSmrth's
Engishclass.
I havebeen
partywe plan
askedto informyouabouta birthday
to holdfor hrm.
I hopeto 5eeyout the party.I amsureit willb a

veryenjoyable
event.
Well,I thinkthatt allfornow.seeyouthere!

Whattypeof letteristhe ertra{ttakenfrom?

Whatlsthepu{pose
of th s letter?
Whatpaftof the letteris ir?
4 Howdoesthewrfterpropose
to resovethesituation?

Requesting
information
questions
Indirect

a. Read
theadvertisements
andthenotes.
Thenuse
below
theuseful
language
to helpyourewrite
questions.
thenotesasindirect

SprlngtlelARockFesilval
SoanleyFark

[t fierc
'ammodotion
ne0bY?

book!

thetextinformal
b- Rewrite
style"
using
thenotes
below.
take/full
responsibility
Please/accept/5ircere
apologe#rnconvenrence
causefl
hope/forgivdregretta
ble error
a5surey'do
ourutmosvcompensate
Pease/accepVcomplimentary
mealvoucher/used
at
youf(onventence
confusion/causecfmisu
ndersta
ndinq/between

19rh-2othJulv

which

Two daya (& nlqhEalof .cottiruoua bands?

fltuolclrotr to? b.$da
lstherca
Tl*.eta EAO
andmorelntormatlorffroml discount
for
AOM EfiEerEainnefi
studen$!
7A Eox 1946,

B tte

equtpment
provided
l

SVrln4tleld
9F1gEX

depadments

other
activ[tiesl

understanding
theRubric
2

Read
therubric,underline
thekeywordVphrases
andanswer
theouestions.
Youanda groupof yourfr endsrentedthe holiday
apariment
in thp advertisernent
belowfor a week.
therewerea numberof problems
However,
and
youleft afterjustthreedap. Youhavedcided
to
write a letter of compatnt to the agencyyou
rented the apartment frorn Read the
advertisement
andthe notesyouhavemade.Then
writeyourletterto theagency.
saying
whyyouare
drssatisfied
andtellinqthemwhatariionyouwant
taken.

when
Pxadlyl

est!

ffi

&

a
I

I
I

qustions
lndirp{-t
Useful language:

yor:te I me . / Coud youletmeknow...

Could
lam interested
n fndinqout.
I wouldapprec
ateit lf youcoud letrneknow.
I wouldliketo know..
I wouldbegrateful
tellme...
if youcould

.r!'gFffi

yau tellmewhether
accomnodation
Could
h available Dangerous
nedrby!

broken't

ro||tnq
\
"

questions.
b, Inpairsrephrase
theindirect
youtel)meif therciso hasteldose
toStanley
Could
Park!

No - wflnt

BeautifulBeach-Front
A,partmentTo Rent
{e.!1$i1l!-wrlll**Tln

parLmenl50 rnetresfrom

sandy
beach.
t""-*-r.^^-. rnal---,.,^^,,{
Threebedrooms.
Well-equipped
kitchc"

---

Ia

II WfiS

fiore like

soo

/lleTreS
I

Not dt all!
Iots of
essnttdl
ilems

alconvI
^r Lur
ul
-^.
PUrn!!

a. Read
thee,{tract
below
andanswer
thequestions.
We.e-ealyso'ry'or therrouble
we \dvepJt youto.lt
wascomoletelv
the dates.lt
our fault.We confused
I promise
wasa sillymistake,
soplease
don'tbecross.
we willdo DUrbestto makeit upto you.Havea free
dinner we'repaying.

1
?
3
4

Whoisgoingto readtheletterT
,Whattypeof letterareyougoingto write?
Whatopeningiclos;ng
remarks
couldyouwrite?
Whattoneareyougoingto !se?Why?

35

a letterof comPlaint
Analysing

Have
theonewhichi5approprlate.
Read
thetwomodels
andchoose
Howhastheinfomation
allthepointsin therubricbeencovered?
beenrenhrased?

Dear Sir,
I want to teII yu how angry ct"nddisgustedl am utith
the holiday upartment I rented from you on 15th August. I
thinh you'ue got & real cheeka'duertisingit as 'beautifal'
becauseit was the ugliest apartmentI'ue euerseenin my
life.
For d, stflrt, you lied, when you said it was spacioas'
There wasn't raorn to sLuinga cat insid'e'The roomswere
alsa uerydirty. I spentthe first day of my lzolid'aXcleaning

rnem.
Next,you soid.thehitchenwaawell'equipped.Not at all!
Lotsof essentioliternsweremissing.After threedays,I'd
and,wenthome.
had enough.
I'nt sureyou can tell I um reallyangry.Youhaueruined,
you giue rne
ELysurlmer by spailingmy holiday,I d.emand.
someof my rnoneybath and you should' say sarry, too. If
you don't you'll be in biE trouble.Hurry up anc! reply to
this letter.
Yourssincerely,
fiafarrhunt

HelenHunt

DearSir,
I am writing to complainabout the holidayapartmentI
t
rentedfrom you on 15thAugust.I believeyour adve{tiseme
wasmisleadingin a numberof waYs.
wasby no meansspacious.
The rooms
Finttry,the apartment
werecrampedand therewasverylittl storagspace-Also,the
distancefrom the beachwasin fact ten timesfartherthanyou
claimed.
Furrhelnore,rhebalconyrailingwasbroken.Thiswasquile
dlngerous and could havecausedan accident-In addition,it
overlookedan unaftractivecarpark in contrastto the 'greatview'
you advertised,
Finally,the kitchenwaspoorly equippedand a
Iot of essenlialitemsweremissing,suchasplatesandsaucepans.
Consequently,
I felt I could not stay any longer and retumed
homeafterthree days.
As you can imagjne,I am quite disappointed.I feel I am
entiUedl.o a partial refund in addition to an apolttgyfor the
inconvenience
ca sed. I look forward to receivinga prompt
reply.
Yoursfaithfully,
SarA'afoF.tqioao

SandraFolkestone

36

ReadmodelA againandfind
ofthefollowing:
examples
stronglanguage
excessively
tone
aggressive
all
informal/colloqu
overly
language
idiomaiic
irreevantinformation
phrases
takenwordforwordfrom
theprompts
pointsnotcovered
ln the rubric

thephrases
in boldin modeL
Replace
Bwithonesfrombelowto change
thetoneof theletterfrommildto
strong.
lamextremely
upset
thatthismatterbedealt
llnsrst
!.ryith
promptly
myextreme
to express
with
dissat
sfactron
hazardous
extrEmely
to rErnain
refused
I demand
anddiscomfort
fortheannoyance
lsuffered
totallyinaccurate

and
Read
thefo owingsentences
identify
thetoneusedineachone.
thesentences,
usinga
Then.rewrite
tone.
different

oT
a fullrefund
at once,
ldemand
shallbe forcedto takethe matter
further
wirha
. ar writingiq connpnicr
v\hichI re(entl!
faultyaophanre
purchased
fromyourstore.
rY total
Ian wlilingto erpress
with the appalLing
dissatrsfaction
fromyoursuff
servicereceived
Lompla
lt
lwishto nakea serioJr
yourinefficient
staffregarding
it if you could
I wor,ldappreciate
as soond5
foo[ inlo rh s n"aTtFr
possble.
thP
lwouldli(e to compainaborJt
poor qualityo[ serviceI recenTly
received
fromyour(ompany.

therubrics
andunderline
thekeywords.
Thenanswer
thequestions
thatfollowforeachone.
1 0 Read
A

;
.o
'

Youworkfor a rnatordercompany
andhavereceived
a letterfrorxa custofiter
who is unhappy
aboutthe delayin
the delivery
cf a camera
heordered.
Readtheextractfromhisletterandthe notesyoumade,andwritea letterof
epolcAy.
Giveanexplanation
anddetails
of whatyouwi I do to rectif,/
thesituation

will be serrtExpJ'ess
OaUu"ru-to/noiro*

damagedon arrival "

I nrtrstlnsas!that yu suppll n4rgoodrfts soonos

possibk.
I uouldalsoLihta sa.ns[actol]
efiplinationa:i
to uh1 thcrc hasbun sucltft llng delal ffi ntell (ts att

we hadto wait for the

nextdelivery
frofl
suppliet
s

c0rnpenSatror,l
i
i
'

partyforyoufparents.
Youarearrangtng
ananntversary
Youhaveseentheadvert
sement
t,elowforTheClarernont
Hotel,whichseems
suitable.
butyouneedsomemoreinformation.
Usethenotesyouhavemadeto writeto the
giving
manager,
thedetails
of theeventandasking
forfurthernformation

f'
Notes

/ lrt (.htti,ttttLttl

sflt. 20th April

8Pffi-P?m

150quesrs

i \.r tln J

120roons l0 snitrr
fucdltnt con.fetrcefacjlitiesrud -1fa clio]rtoorr.r.tlriral,lr
Iot parics ol5l] ra 300g|.-J'tr.

Prjcelisfi
disco?

A la (atIe fellauranl

menQ

yourEnglish
Youwantto rmprove
andhai,eseenthe followingadvenisernent
on yourschoolnotjceboardRadthe
advertisem-ont
andthenotesyoumade,andwritea lettergivlngthedetails
requested
andasking
for morernformation.

I
Erperienced Engfish teacher offers leeeore
for lesr.bet of all
ags E|td lev16.
Reasonable
rates.
PI6.secontact Mr Thompsonand providc details
of:
r your e and le.relof English
. yoqr reEron for lealnine.
r languagecourses/exametslen so far.

ruote.,
Where?
When?
tlow thuch?

providefr
groupg

Youordered
a qift for a ftiendfroma mailordercornpany.
Whenit anvedtt was ateandyouwerenot happywith it.
Bead
theadvenisement
andthenotesyoumadeThen,writea letterto thecompany,
explaining
wnyyouarenornappy
withthegiftandaskingforyourmcneyback.

Eeautifultrl

The Perfect Gift Fran,

crGcqed

yet

Are you looldrqfor m ldeal qift. for a l enAt lotcd one?

Why not choose onc of at beattlful chtftafi ures to Alvetrt
sotneone6?coial-Eachf)gte comeaon a waodenstand
a qold plaquewherewe wtll engrarl yaur choaenmessaqe
Ottlyf,19.99.
Dellvered
wtthlnIO days.
MoneybackErarnfiee-OrAertodal

wrong
messsqe
took 3 weekj *
too IGt

37

givinq
fromyourpenfriend.Lookat thenotesyoumadeandwfiteyourletterin reply,
Thisis partof a letteryoureceii,ed
yourpenfriendasked
youradvice
for
andthe information

E
6
6

I'vedecided
for yearsso lwonderedwhat
that I'd iiketo lealnto playtenns.I knowyou'vebeenplayrng
advi(eyoucouldglveme- lreallyhaveno ideal

Notes
. joina club

finda friendto giveyousomelessons

borrowa bookfromthe1ibrary
& someballs(don'tspend
buya tacquet
too muchaboutf50-f75- youmightnotlikeiti
anda lrackguit
trainers
areoK youdon'tneedspecial
clothes

neKweekend
Youaregoingona ryclnghollday
withtwo friends.
JaneandAnneBelo!!ispartof a letterJanesentyou
forthetrip.Youhavefoundsomeinformation
withhersuggestions
abouthe area,including
a rnapandanadveftiseme
writea letter
fortheQueens
Hotel,Read
Janetlefterandthenotesyoumadeand,usngthemapandtheadvertisment,
yoursuggestions
herquestions
andmakrng
ansr,rering
aboutwhereto sray.

wf""oMpl$---oo
3ai0 ay. Anfle thinkg
lhaL the roule -ljiahb

fa'

be LaotffiFffi{-

| agree

hfl eaaiero?ti}!i i6 tro

cycle roundLakd
Windefinerc,bLJtI don't
knowwhal trhere is Xo
qee lhere and I dan't

QueensHotel

tuo*<ffiGiiff-oLay,Wha, do y6u
think?WouldiE be
beEEEril we iL)iEuftnE
rcffid LaEe
W ndermere?

's:'r'at

RothayGardenHotel
Castle

Ys- tell
her places
to visrt

QueensH

Wordsworth
Hous

ReasonlBE
1
2
3
4
l

what typeof letterdo youhaveto write?

Whoisgoingto readthe letter?
Whatstyleof writingshouldyouuse?
theletter?
HowwillyouaddresVsign
Whatopeninq
{ouldyouuse?
remarks
willyouwrite?
Howmanymainbodyparagraphs

Beatrh
PotlerMusum
willyouinclude
in eachone?
7 Whatinformation
q
coud youuse?
Whatusefulphrases
giventn
the information
I Howcouldyouparaphrase
therubric?
1 0 Howw llyouendtheletler?

youhavelearned
Uslng
theinformation
inthisunit,choose
it.You
oneof thewritingtask aboveandcomplete
11 should
120-180
words,
writebetween
3B

Fillinthecorrect
wordderivedfromthewordin
bold.
INVENT
Before
the
over
of thete ephone.
communicating
t.
wasslowanddifflcu
oreatdistances
DEFEND
The
wassentenced
to fivevearsimorisonment.

3 5l-ecouldr'tbe\evelha(the stranqe
in thernirror
washers
A

REFLECT
rsmorethana ieeling, HAPPY

it is a stateof mind.
5 Chidren'ssafetyls of the utrnost

IMPORT
f5 morks)

isconecLDuta tick
lf asentence
Readthesentences.
(/). lf it hasawordthatshould
notbethere.
write
thiswordontheline.

thedialogue.
Complete
Youseemfedup.
A' ls1)
hecticdayandnowl'vgot
B: Well,2)
to work
a pity.Bui I'm*aytnglate,too.How3)
That's
gorngouttogeiher
afterwards?
B:
youup.
A: Goon.It'llcheer
? Where
arewegoing?
8 : oK.5)
(5 md*s)

Reading

Youaregoingto readanarticleabouta famous

mathematician.
Seven
sentences
havebeenremoved.
fromthesentences
Choose
{A-H)theonewhichfits
isonesentence
youdo notneedto
eachgap,There

foryou,asan
use.lhe firstsentence
hasbeenchosen
(0).
example

gota rnobiephone,butlthink
1 | haven't
lwi I gettheone.
2 Aftera fewdayslater,I felt muchbetter
hasbecome
a partof Il'e
3 Textmessaging
for manypeople
Sheisthehappiest
tlefsonI KNOWner
5 Rurnour
hasrt thatJennyt5goingro gel
marreo
(5 matksl

Communication
Choose
thecorrect
re50onse.
Whydon'twegorothe cinema?
you
B OK,
A Thank
Haveyouthoughtaboutusinga diqtionary?
A That's
a gocdidea. B lt couldbe.
fol me.
Sayhelloto yorrparents
B Thanks,
I will.
A Me.too.
4

Canl(allyou
later?
A Notrealy

B 5ure.

Areyouakight?
A Notreally,

B I'mhappy.
(5 marhsl

$rthagorasis offen describedas a very important

matnematlclan, vet we Know little about his
ManyGreekmathematicians
wtotebooks
achievements.
about their work, but we have nothing written by
$thagoras.Whatwe do knowis thathe wasthe leader
of a societywhichwashalf scientificand half religrous.

wehaveabout
I oTfl we arenotsureif theinformation
himis factor legeud.
We believethat Plthagoraswasborn on the Greek
island of Samos.His father was a merchant.and as a
child, Pythagoras
tralelledwith hrmsellingtheu gocds.
We alsoknow rhat ryrhagoras
wasweu educated,
He
to
learnedmusicandpoetryandhadthreephiloscphers
.Itrates
adviserl
teachhim. I tTl
Sthagorasto travel10

ES/ptto leam(oore aboutmathemarics

andastronorny.

travelledto EgWt,wherehe
So,in 5J5BC.Pythagoras
wiltr
visiteclmanytemplesand took part in discussions
priests.[2f For examplqthe E#ptian priestsrefused
to sat beansand wear animalskins,as did P)4hagoras
laterin hislife"
Tn 525 BC, the King o[ Persia rnvatledEgtrt.
was takn prisonerand $rastransportedto
Pythagoras
thar he
Babylon.It washere,taughttry the Babylonians,
perfcctionin arithmeticandmusic.I 3Tl
reached
In Samoshe fouudeda schoolwhichwascalledT,ire
Senicirck.It seemsthat the peopleof Samosdid not
the teachingmethodsof hthagorasandthey
appreciate
the
trealedhim rudely and improperly.Furtherrnore,
in )oca]polirics
S.mianswanredto involveSnhagoras

hiswill.lzTJ
against

beforehim
knewthat all the philosopberr
rythagoras
had endedtheir daysin a foreigncountry.So it was in
andphilosophical
society.
Italy thathe foundeda reJigious
The memberswere called mathemalikoi,they had no
personalpossessions
This society
and wete vegetariansmntributed a great deal to the understandingof
mathematicsSthagoras believedthat numbersrule the universe
and that numbersare pJesentin all things. He also
connectedmathematicsto music and remmised the
powertrf music.liTl Anotlrerof hisbelielswas
heaLing
that therearethreetypesofmen: thosewho lovewisdom,
thosewho lovehonourand thosewho lovegain.
| 6 | 1 Todaywe rememberhim bestfor his farnous
geomeuy
theorem,
theorem,kflownasthePythagorean
(lB narks)

A Plthagoras
waSa mathematicran,
an astronomer
anda philo5opher
Both men and womenwere alowed to be
members,and rnanywomen Pythagoreans
phiosophersbecame
wasset fiee,
C We do not knowwhen Pythagoras
on and
butwe knowthatin 520BChe leftBabv
returned
to 5am0s,hisb rthplace.
Iwo of these philosophersThales and
h rnto mathenatics.
Anaximander.
ntfoduced
E lLwdr d ,F{retsocret/,
andtodayPytl-agoras
s strll

a mysterious
figure.
helearntln Egypthecame
Manyof thecustoms
to adopt.
G Forthesereasons
hewentto ltaly.
H Heusedit asa kindof therapy
to helpthosewho
wereill

Listenrng
q.,

i-tt -' Youwillhearpeople

talkingineightdiffurent
Forquestions
1-8"choose
situations.
thebestanswef
(A.Bor C).
Youheata mantalkingto sonrepeople.
Whatis
the purpos
of histalk?
A Toshowpeooe howto workfaster
B To\telcornenewemployees
peopleto joJnhiscompany
C Toconvince

Youheartwo peopletalkingin anoffice.What

happened
to themanT
A Hewasonholiday.
B Hehasbeenworkingfromhome.
C Hehadanaccident.
Youarelistening
to a weatherreporton the
radio.Whatwlll the weatherb |ke tomorrow?
A Rainy
alloverthecountry
B DrybutvErycoldin the$outh
C Mostly
sunny
withoccasional
fain
Youheara mantalkingon theradio.Howdoes
hefeel?
A puzzled B anqry
C sad
Youheara maRanda womantalking,Whereare
they?
A Ina ibrary
B Ina bookshop
C Ina computer
shop
Youareat a lecture.Whenis it takingplace?
A During
thefourthweekofthecourse
B Duringthe first\tueek
of thecours

C During
theastweekof thecourse
Youhearthisannoun(ement
ontheradio.What
ishappening
ontheM6?
A Notrafficisallowed
onit
B Trafftc
isheavilv
conoested.
C Therehavebeenseveral
accidents.
Youharthis convecatioflbetweena manand
woman.Whyhasthe mangoneto seethe
woman?

A Toaskforadvice
abouthiscareer
I Totell herabouthiswrfe'sproblem
C Toget helpwith a healthproblem

(12ma*t)

Speakl
ng
|[

Writing

questions.
Answer
thefollowing

Youareincharge
of arranging
the

12

English?
I Howlonghaveyoubeenstudying
2 Howdo youthinkyouwill useyourEnglish
l n the
futufe?
Doyouspeakanyotherlanguages?

at thefollowingtwo
11 a. Look
picturer.
They
different

t
a

show
aretired,Compare
situationi
inwhichpeople
saying
andcontrast
thetwopictures,
which
person
youthinkismorestressec.

graduation
partyat
forthisyear's
entertainment
yourcollege.
Youhavewrittento a well-known
inviting
singer
who usedto attendyourcollege,
herto performat the party.Shehasagreedand
formore
shehaswrittento youasking
informatlon.
Readherletter,on whichyouhavewrittensome
notes.thenwritea replyto her

I wouldbeverypleased
to performat the
party.I
collegeEraduation
Grizedale
haven'tbeenbackthetesincernyown
graduation.The only dates t hav
available
though,are7thor(4th
14thlune.
June)l
hooeone of theseeveninqsis suitable.
camous(Wherqexactly pdrty
wll the
be l-eldand
ow manypeopledo you think will

The
Great
Hallon

tefl
her

b. Whatpartof yourroutine
do
youfindthemosttiring?
two
c- Lookat thefollowing
pictures,
different
showing
aretalking
. Compare
situations
inwhichneople
andcontrast
thetwo pictures,
sayrng
howyou
willend.
imaqine
eachconversation

tnowhowlongyou
andwhether
there
Are
, will be any otherentertainment.
thereanytutorsstil therefrornwhenI
lFso,I wouldliketo see
wasa student?
I themagain-

pm

give
etali

!tuord5
Writevou' Jetrerin 120-180
(l J morksJ
(lotal = 100ffiattf.)

Progress
Update
Tick(/) the box
How0oyourateyourprogress?
thatapplies
to you,
E-xcellentGood OK Couldd0 better

Vocabulary
&
Gramrnar
Listenrng

Speaking
Beading

youfeel
d. Whoistheperson
discussing
a
most(omfortable
problem
wlth?Why?

Writiflg
Communlcation

(lO mo*sl

.
.
.

Whatdoesthetitleof the modulemeanto you?

Whatcareer
areyouafter?
Whatwouldthidealhousebe ior you?

typesofjobs
skills
& qLaliues
money
places
at work
workcondlti0ns

encoutage
Someone

damand
explanations
askfor & giveadvice
a v o i d gvngadirect
answer
renta home
leave
outpartswhile
speakrng
rnake
a compIaint

-ingformor infin[tive
repoftedspeecn
introductory
specral
ver0s
presenrperfecvpresent
perfectront huous

typesof houses
rooms,
app!iances
&
furniture
renting
a home
household
chores

relaledto:
. money
chores
' household

reports
lettersof application
letters/report5/essays
makingsuggestions

*g

FAsotDl
tr5

estate

Lead-in
work?
a. Where
doeseachperson

Anurseworks
n a hospitolor
clinic.

A: I thinka jobasameditol
researcher
isveryrewording.
B: I couldn't
oqreenore;theydoreallyimparnntand
usefulwa*.
abouttheirjobs
talking
about.

b, Howisthetitlerelated
tc theDictures?
c, Workin pairsto makeupdialogues
or
monoloduet
bEsed
on rne pictures.
,

a. Which
oftheiobs:aredoneindoors/outdoors?
requirequalifitations?havecareerprospe(ts?
otferperksandbonuses?
arewellpaid/
poorly-paid?
needthemosttraining?isthe
haveflexiblehours?
needa degree?
hardert?
b. Which
of thejobsdoyoupersonally
flnd:
rewarding?
repetitive?
dead-end?
secure?
Usethetablebelowto
creative?
strefsful?
discuss
inDairs.

;Xpress
oprnions

n myoptnton
nrnd..;Tome
\skingfor opinion
/dhatdo youthink

Agreeing

couldn't
agreemore ; I quite
true..,,
agreewithyou. ; That's
party agree..

Dlsagreeing
clon'tthinkso...; I don'tagree
you're
...; | (don't)
feel. ; Perhaps
r'r'hat's
youropinion...?; right,br.iton theotherhand. .;
)on'tyouagree. .?
That's
notquitethewayI seeit ...;
but..
seewhatyoumean,

Howdoyouknow?
Speaker
speaker
B:
5peaker

o. Think
of ajobandtalkaboutit withouttelling

anyone
whatthejobis.Iheclass
haveto guess
jobyouhavechosen.
which
Talkabout:
whatyoudo

. salary

^.

. reasons
youlikddis
ikeit

^l i +i ^-

Paraphrase
theouotations.
Which
dovouaoree
with?Why?Whynot?Discuss
in pairs.
'I'd ratherbe a happy dustmanthan an
unhappymillionairel

' lt does n' tmat t er w hat job y ou do. l t s

how y ou do i rl

45

people
a. Which
of thefollowing
couldhelpyou
mostin choosing
Why?
a career?

. par+nts
. relatives
. teachers
. frrenrls
inchoosing
Tome,thepeople
whorculdhelp
memost
a
,,,
career
would
bemyteachers
becouse

andreadthe
a. Lookatthetitleofthearticle
headings
A-linthebox.Whatdoyouthinkthe
articleisgoingto beabout?
A Rethink;no
thewavwetea{hthem
B Whatyoungpeapledon'twant

b. Whichof thefollowing
isthemostimportant
to
youwhendeciding
Rank
them,
ona career?
yourlistto yourpartne*.
thencompare

Seetheworldthroughtheireyes
A secure
future

person
E Tomorrow's
working

. long-term
careefprospects
r personalsatisfaction
. welfpaid
to travel
' opportunity
. usingYourinitiatrve
r chance
to meeta lot of people

F Theroleofthemodern
careers
advrsor

Needto support
H Theoldattitude

plans
Positive
outlook,
uncleaf

a good1obtoday
thatobtaining
c. Doyoubelieve
thaninyourparents'
iseasier
ormoredifficult
day?Why?

.1

,$.e:wants
to bea singer;youthinksheshouldgo
6for a long-termqareerwith job securigand
eventuallyrethe with a good pension.But a
fact she'sthepracticalone.
:blecareersadvisers?

"1f,

s 14 and lS-veaf-oldsare arnbitious.Thev are

but their careerideas
pro$pests,.
thor*Eh80% of them have no
follow{Eih their parents'footsteps,
697a
en$ TOfaguoe. I neY IOOKat Inelr

a olIIeIenIwav [o Inelr Darents.

t)

A job for life is not ir their vocabulary;

neitheris a
dead-endbut securjob that is boring but paysth
expected
bills.Almosthalftheboyssurveyed
that thir
hobbieswould lead them iFto the right sort of job,
while most girls seemed determined to avaid
traditionallyfemalecareers
suchasnursing.

46

In the past, this might have countedas bad news.

counse'llots
were
CertainlywhenI was15,fly grridance
homfied at my plansto becomea writer. I'm glad I
didn't changemy plansto suit them.Even so, their
faith in rigid careerpathswaswcll-fou::ded.ln those
days,thatwasthelvayto getahead,
3

Theglobale.conomy
is not
But the world haschanged.
diligentanddependable
worker.The
kind to yesterday's
future belongs to quick-thinking people who are
resoufceful,ambitiousand cantakethe initiative.This
meansthat a L4year-oldwhoseesherworkmgfutureas
to bernadeup asshegoesalong,is
a kindof advenhue,
beingunrealistic.
not necessarily
4

However,shehasto havethe trainipga1fl guidaflceto

help her developthe right skillsfor today'smarket;not
the ngd preparationfor a workplacethat disappeared
t\4,entyyearsago.Many youngpeopleare veryawareof

b, Skimthetextandhighlight
thesentences
that
summarise
themainideaof eachparagraph.
Whichwordsin eachparagraph
express
the
same
ideaastheheadings
Al?

thetxtandfindtheadjectives
b. Read
which
qualities
describe
a workercouldhave.Which
arenegative
onesT
Match
thewords.
Then,
in pairsmakesentences
using
them.

a, Nowchoose
fromthelist(A-l)theheading
whichbestfitseachparagraph.
Ther6
isone
heading
youdo notneedto use.
There
isone
(0).
example

pay
follow
cnange

b. tnpairs,
writea summary
sentence
foreach
paragraph.
Then.
thinkofanother
titleforthe
text,

theinitiative
yourplans
aneao

yourdreams
intosb'sshoes
thebills

Vocabulary
Practice

a. Explain
the
meaning
of the
highlighted
words.

TextAnalysis
Thefirstor
lastsentence
of
eachparagraph
tellsyouwhatthe
paragraph
is about.

Lookat thesephrases
fromthepassage
andexplain
partsinyourownwords.
theunderlined
1 A job for lifeis notjn theirvocabuary. (line12)
job whichpaysthe bi ls.
2
a dead-end
but secure
(lhe 131

the pitfslls of the flexibleworkplace;they undemtand

thatredundancy,
do1ryasizi.ng
andfteelancingareall part
of modernworkinglife, but no on is telling themho{,/
they might be able to turn tbe new rules of the
emplo).ment
gameto their advanlage.
This is whatthey
needto knowif theyare to makea life for themselves,

3 .. my guidance
roJnsello.:
werelgfilggl at my
plans..(linesl9-20)

Ihe globaleconomyis not kind to yesterday's

(llnes24.25)
d lligent.. worker.
(tine40)
... rftheyareto rDatcj lifclorlhe mselves.
6 a bit of optimsm-..canserve
asan antidote
to the
constant
criticism
...(lines
53-55)
.. stepIntoi/ourteenaqelEhAes{line57)

so wnat ls Io De dofle/ A sooo trrsl steDwol d be to

changet}tewayin whichschoolsprepareyoungpeople
for adrlt life. The education systemis becomingless
flexibleand flore obssse with kaditional skills at just
the time that the employmentmarket is going in the
oppositedirection.

Accurate,up-to-dateinformationon new jobs and

quaiilicationscan help guidancecounsellorsto help
their students.Young peopleneedsolid information
on the sort of training they needto pursuethe career
af theirdreams.Also,a little bit of encouragement
can
go a long way.If nothingelse,a bit of optimismfrom
arr adult can serveas an antidoteto the constant
criticismof teenagers
in thepress.
'entsdo to help them?The
he advicethat your parents
8a\reyou, and step into youf teenager'sshoes.once
you'vedonethat, it's easierlo seehowimportantit is
thatthey learnhowto be independent,
resourcefuland
resilient"Givethernthecourageto followtheir dreamsnoweverodd they might soundright trow,In a world
that offers economic security to almost no one,
$agination is a terriblethingto waste.

Discussion

Whodoesthewriteraddress
inthetext?What
word#phrases
helpyoudetermine
thisT

Inpairs,
discus3
thefollowing
questions.
path?
Areyousurey'unsure
aboutyourcareer
Areyouoptimistidpessimistic
aboutyourprospects?
why?
Doyouwantto beselFemployed
orworkasan
employee?
Why?

Role"play:
Read
thefirstparagraph.
Thenworkin
groups
ofthreeto actouta dialogue
the
between
teenager
andherparents.
Theteenager
insists
on
becoming
a singer,
theparents
aretryingto make
herchange
hermind.

47

foro campleodaThhwouldbe
A: Look!Ihey'relooking
foryou!
idea!
B: lt\not tykindof thingEtalt!...

SkillsandQualities

Lookat thepictures.
Which
of thequalities
ln the
jobs?
listarenecessary
Discuss
inpairs,
as
forthese
intheexample.
patient. physically
strong
strong. emotionally
I caring
rcalm.honest.pundua
inielligent
. courageous
. hardworking
r penuasive
deCisive
ralert. qulck-thinking
. penistent
cheerful
idriver
door-to-ddor

salesperson
firefighte

aboutwhy
opletalking
larjob.Listen
andmatch
(1-5)to theirreasons
is
thesoeakers
{A-0.There
oneteason
l/oudonotneedto use.
A
B
C
D
E
F

loveworkingwlthchtldren
always
wantedto helppeople
likeberngalone
lovedanimas
always
godat languages
enioytravelling

Speaker
1E
Speaker
2
3D
Speaker
4
Speaker
5peaker
5T

n
tr

b. Thinkof ajobyouwouldliketo doandtellyour

partner
aboutit.Thinkabout:
. lvhatyou're
goodat
. whatyoulikdenjoy
dong
. impoftance
(ornoi)of money

Earning
Money
forms
a, Thewordsinthelistareusedto describe
(fJ?Which
are
arecountable
of money.
Which
uncountable
{UJ?
. pay I saMngs
r penston
wage. sarary
interest. tash r pocKer-money

executiv

A: I thnko tlxi d verneeds

tohhould
becheerful
because
theywa*withthepublicWhatdoyouthink?
B: I agree.
I thinktheyalsoneedto beintelligent
because
nofies,
ollthestreet
theyneed
to renenber
summer
a. Makea listof part-time
iobs.Compare
yourlistwithyaurpartnert.

b. Choose
awordfromthelistaboveto complt
below.
thesentences
He earnsa lot of
moneyhehasinvested.
2 Howmuch
,

Youarelookingfora part-time
b. Workin pairs.
job.Usethetablebelowto actout
summer
dialogues,
asintheexample.
Encouraging

Positively
Responding
. Youmightbe rightactuaI'y
. I hadn'tthoughtof that.

. Youwouldbe
g r e ala sa .
. Youmighthave
. Thiswouldbe
a point.
. I seewhatyourneafi.
idealforyouI
r I canJustseey'
. That'scertainly
a possibili
you3sa ...
rmagrne
Neqatively
. You'dloveallthe".- Responding
. lt'snotfirykindofthingat all.
. Think
of allthe.. .
ldon'tthinklcoLtd cope.
y ou' d . . . !
. I couldn't
possibly
thinkcf ..
. You'dmakea
. I'mnotreally
intothatkind
of th nE ..
great,,.!
. No.that's ot for me.

4B

on the
doesshegivethe

children?
Both parentsneedto be
earne15
nowa0ays

what I reallywantto knowis whatwill be in

packet
every
month.
my..........................
card?
5 Wilyoupayin ,,,,. ,. .. .. or bycredit
....,.goes
6 Mostof mymcnthly...
on paying
thebills.
gettheir
bothmenandwornen
ln mycountry
at 60.
for Tne car to be repaired
has really
I Paying
eatenintohis

fromEx.4bto talk
c. Usfourwords/phrases
money.
aboutearning
money
nostofny pockef
onCDs,
Ispend

In paits,writedownasmanyjobsasyoucanthinkof whichexistin eachplace.

Which
(an be part-time/full-time?
Whichrequiresecretarial,
managerial,
organisational,
language,
telephone,
driving,
mathematical,
communication
skills?

Restau
rant

os itol
deportnentstorc:shopassisfan1
...
Ashopassistont
should
hovetommuniutionskills
befius

olt withcu5t0ffeu.

WorAsoften confused

Phrasal
Verbs

Explain
thephrasal
verbsin bold.

Appendrx
2

Underline
thecorrect
word.
1 | thinkyoushoud choose
a carng (occupation/
worldtrade,/profession)
likenursrngorcounsellinq.
Z HF was forcedto (seck/dismis5/fire/resign)
after
hisspee{hagainst
thegovernment.
3 lVy (employee/employer/worker/trainee)
is a
verygenerous
man;he givesusal a bigpresent
at

1 There's
nothingn our bankaccourrt.
We'verun
out of money.
Z John's
beenputtlngmoneyby for hisholdayal
3

Chrlstmas.
4 Thepi ot is always
verypolteto the (crew/staff/
personnel/team)
on the plane
Thls s lohn Barnes,one of the (colleagues/
candidatesy'partners"/customers)
for thejob in the
Marketing
Department.
o I hearthere's
a (vacancy/posVniche/situation)
in
J
-\,
Dolan's
furniture
factoryWhydon'tyouappy?
7 Yes,I qet a freethre+course
dinnereveryevnngl

lr'sor|eo' the(perk#pensions/prmiB/promorions)
$
of bernga waiter.

4
5
6

year;hes savedoverf50rl!
| hadto takeout a oanto buymynewcar.l'l pay
backthemoneyI borrowed
overthreeydrs.
Dorngthlscourse
is reallyeatinginto mysavings
Every
weekI haveto payf50.
lf youleavc
yourjob,whetarewe goingto liveon?
We'respendrnq
loo much moneyeveryweekt
We'llha"e o cut downon ilxuries.

Prepositions
Appendx I

Fillin theblanks
withtheappropriate
preposition,
Then,makesentences
related
to work_
. O ' . f r6m . t o . f or r[ y ri 1 rA t . O 1 . wt l-

4\

EI

ldiomsand FixedPhrases

In pairs,matchthe phrases
to makecomplete
Senlences.
B

1 I realy con'tafford
2 Youshouldn't
have
JpPn
| 5|]mucn
3 t realy isn'tworth
4 Youmusthavepaid
5 Theymusthavebougfit
o I bet it {orl
7 It realiywasri wflJte
d
Wewereovercharged
Shemakesa livrng
r0 Theymadeolotof
maney

of iimeandmoney
b youan absolut
fortune.
c byselingthe pictures

1 to congratulat
sbonsth; 2 to retire....... a job; 3toapply
..... ..a positionj
4 spdcralise ...sth, 5 deal.......
.. sth;6 to
haveexperience.....
...,;7 tobeimpressed...
.......sb/sth;
8tc
beintprenpd
. . sth; 9 to beexperienced . . sth; 10to
bequalified
.. .. nourV
ing;11to besuitable
............;
t2 to
be responsrble
sth; 13 skrled
nourv-ing,
14900d. . . . . . . . . . . . s15t
t hjof i . . . . . anappl c at i o n
MytalleaEtetCOngrAtunted
meOnrnyprcnotnn.

+ !rr+

6.F
u E r r-h^
, , E F-i
Ho r r .

d to gooutagainthisweek.

e usrngp oursavrngs.
f whentheysoldtheirhouse.
g on theholiday.
h it withthemoneythey
inherlted.
I for t on credit.
j for thetaxifare.

Howlong

conS0meone
live
withoutd
broin ?

f don't know
exoctly.
Howofdore
you?

49

ListeningPartl
I

a" Youwillhearpeople
talking
ineightdifferent
yculisten,underline
situations.
thekey
Before
answers.
wordsinthequestions
andpossible
Whatinformation
dotheygiveyou?Howmuch
canyouguess
aboutthesituation?
thebst
enandchoose
with
'areyouranswers
yourpartner's.
Whatkeywords/phrases
helped
you
decide?

Listening
enino- Part2
inwhicha
a. Youwilllisten
to a radioprogramme
Resources
experttalksabouttheperfect
Human
jobinterviewBefore
youlisten,
gothroughthe
taskandthinkaboutwhatkindof information
the
ismissing.
Inpairs,
tryto rephrase
information
ouBide
eachbox{1-t0},

in your placeof
1 You overheara conversation
work.Whichof the followingistrue?
A Thewomanisthe ownerof the cornpany
B Thewomanisthe rnan'ssecretary.
closest
C Themanisthewoman's
colleaoue
2 Youarelisteningto a newsreport.Accordingto
the newsreport,Britishen.iployees
A liketheirjobsto havevariety.
to havechildren.
B arerelur:tant
C don'tlikefixedschedules.

3 You hearan advertisement

on the radio.The
purpose
isto
advertiJement's
to learnmusic.
A getmoreyounqpeople
B attractmusicians
to a typeof hoiday.
youngmusicrans.
varicus
C recruit
4 Youarelisteningto a live radiobroadcast.
Whet
is lhe occasion?
A lt willbeNewYearin a fewminutes
B Chelsea
FChavewona match.
C Londonhasa newmayor.

Youhara womantalkingon hermobilephone.

Howdoesshefeel?
confused
andupset
stresse0
anoangry
disappointed
andsad
Whereisit being
to a speech.
Youarelistening
given?
A a ta meetrng
B a ta ceremony
parfy
C a ta company

Youheartwo of yourneighbours
talking.What
doesthewomanthinkof workingfrom home?
A lt canbeirritating.
B ]t hasmadeherless
social.
C lt hassomeadvantages.

1-10,
complete
i{tu.iNowlistenand,forquestions
withoneto threewords.
theSentences

I Today'st

I compeTrflve.

isextremely

lf possble.visltthe
beforeyourinterview.

Finding
willooosryour
outaboutthecompany
3
Useyour 4
your questlons
andanswers.
Itishelpfulto 5

ro prepare
tne

youwantto ask
things
givesa
Beinglatefor anjnterview
It

Rernember
that 7
maybedelayed.
thebuilding,
be I
Onentering
to everybody.
at
Candidates
u5uallyI
theendof the ;nterview.
questions
abouthis/her
Don'taskthe Interviewer

10

Youare presentat a job interview.What is the

girl3levelof education?
graduate
A Highschool
B Degree
holder
holder
f Post-graduate
degree

50

thinkof othertipsfor a perfectjob

Inpairs,
interview.

Communication
. Demanding
explanations

Creativity
at Work

a. Read
thedialogue
andunderline
thephrases
usedto demand
anexplanation.
Howarethe
peopie
related?
Whatseems
to betheproblomT

people
Lookat thetwopictures
showing
at
work.Compare
thetwopictures,
andcontrast
youthinkgetsthemoit
saying
whichperson
stisfaction
out of hisiob.

A: I don'treallyunderstand
whyycualways
come
in late.
B: Wel ... yousee..thebuss never
on time ..
A: Doyoureally
expectmeto believe
that?
Bi Well,to be honest,I justcan'tget up n the
morning

b. Usethephrases
intheboxto actoutsimilar
dialogues
forthefollowing
situations.
Demanding
Explanations
I GivingExplanations
. Canyoute Lmdexplain
why .? | . Well .. youseE. .
. ldo.t'treally
understa'id
w\y | . to be \oresr
. Whyrsit that. ?
yourcOlleague
isalways
yourrcmplrtef
usrng

yourassistant
hasn't
finished
a report
ontime
yourcolleague
phone
smobile
keeps
ringngal ihetime

b, lf youcoulddoeitherjob,whichwouldyou
choose?
Why?

. Askingfor & 6ivingAdvice

naemorabre
Moments
c, Lookat thetwo pictures
showing
different
memorable
moments.
Compare
and{ontrast
thetwo pictures,
rayingwhichperson
ir likely
to remembr
forthelonoest
themoment
time.

Usetheusefullanguage
intheboxto askforandgive
advice
onthefollowingsituations,
asintheexarnple-

tukingfor Advic

GivingAdvice

l-atdo youthtnk|
|.
should
do rf . .
. l'ml'avnga problem | .
deciding
whatto . .
l.
r
W hatshoud
l. .?
I really
don'tknowwhat| .
to do aboJt...
|.
. Anyideas/suggestions
Ir
what/howI could..

t't wereyoJ/iryoJrsloes.
l'd/wou
dn't
Yo:'dbeLter...
Y o us h o u ld / s h ou l d n ' t . . .
I don'tthinkyoushorld
youdo, don't..
Whatever
Fpres ",r'Fat
td do I' d . . _
you...
lsuggest

wantto buycarbuthaven't
saved
enough
money
don'tgetpaidwel enough
haveto startworkveryearlyin themornng

A: I wantto buya newcot,butI hoventsoved

enough
money.
What
should
ldo?
B: lflweteyou,l'dget
o |aan.

person
d. Which
feelsthegreatest
sense
of
personal
achievement?

Everyday
English
l.*,.tListen
to twocandidates
doingthespeaking
tasks
above
andcompare
theirperformance
to that
of yourdassmates.
yourclassmates
in termsof:
Assess
. grammar
management
andvocabu
ary . discourse
. oronunriation
. interact
vecom,"iruntcatton

. Mofley mafters

ln pairsguess
andsaywhattheothefspeaker
says.

7
a
b
c

Congratulat
0nsl
A: lqotopayse!
Sorry,
l'mbroke.
B: (ongrotulations!
sorrywe don'taccept
credt cards.
younothing
Have
smaller?

51

tReading-Port{
a. Which
of the.iobs
inthelistcanyouseein
thepictures?
Whatdoyouthinkthes

4J

I
ll'e nlkedto somepeoplewhoare
still managingto rnakea living doing
traditianaljobs in tod.ay'shi-tech
Britain

. beefeater
r ieweller
. shepherd
bu1lpp
. chimney
guard
sweep. secur[y
milkman
. steeplelack
. towncrier. stockbroker

A SHAUNHARRISON.BUTLER
Modctn buderscombinetle roies of cooh cleaner,
driverandhousehold
rnanager
andthey
waiter,gardener,
\#e do
haveto bepolite,respe('tful,
andwell-organised.
evrjthing ftom payi-ugthe bills to pickirtg up the
children, organisingparties and getting th washrng
machioerepaired,"saleShaunHarrison,32,whoworks
for a fami.lyi.othe Ordordshirecountryside.'During the
week ['m in jeansand a shirt,busylookingafter the
householdand the gardens.At weekeds, when the
10 famity arrivEs,I put on a $uil find take on the role of a
traditionalbutler- I gel four weeksholidaya yearand I
havel.oteke it whenit suiEmyernFloyer."

isself.employed
andcaniesouta rangg
MarkThompson
to theoutsideof
of buildin&repairandmaintenancejobs

I thinklhefi dninthefirstpittweisa Beefeoter,

Thalguardthe
B: Vls,I sawanewhenI wosin Landon,
infonatiancboritthe
Tower
ollondonondgivepeaple
history
oftheplace.

n:

arerelated
to the
b, Howdoyouthinkthepictures
text?Inpairs,
choose
ajobandthinkabout:
. working
hours. holiday' clothinE
. resoonsibilhies
at work.Skimthetext andsee
weretorre(t.
if vourouesses

question
readtextA andfind
Read
0.Quickly
therelevant
oart,Howhasthequestion
been
paraphrased?
(1-14)
questions
b. Read
andunderline
thekey
wordsin eachqurtion.
Howcanyourephrase
thesekeywords?
questions
1-14,
Now,readthetextandanswer

52

l.l

tall structures such as church spires, moDufl.ents,

...(A-F)
Whichpersonlpeople
. dresses
moteforrnally
at weekends?
r wearspecial
in theirjobs?
clothes
. worksdt night?
. needed
to undergo
formaltrainng7
. particularly
partof
tikethesociable
theirjobs?
. hasbeendoinghlsjobsincehewasa

,.,,,

6.

child?

.
.
.
.

rarelyhascontactwith People?
8
of theirjob?
travelbecause
9
lveandworkinthesameplacE?
1l
sayyouhaveto befit tDdotherjobs?

10
17
14

F
I

jndustriatchimneysand higir risEbuildiflEs-It takesfrom 2-6

yearsto traln asa professional
steeplejack
and Mark hasbeen
doingit for the la-!t15yea$. "The one thingyou musthavefor
thisjob is a headfor heights,"he says-"I like workingoutdoors,
carryingequiprnentflnd tryingto
but it can be verydangeroLrs
keepyour balancewheDrhe.,veirthei$bad-lt Betsreatlywindy
up there,so you'vegot te quite fearlessl"Also makesureyou
takeptntyof excrciseso as to be stlongenough.Mark tmvels
all over the country and often worl$ away from home for
extndedpBriods."I often have to work a lot of unsociable
and evenings
to get thejob done,bur I
bourssuchasweekends
gt a greatfeelingwhenI finish andI knowtharbecause
of me
tie skylinefor a good
beautifulbuildingswill conlirrueto gr-ace
fewyears,'

Thejobof To'wrCriercanbe taced backasfar asthe Battleof

Hastingsin 1066when the newswaspassedon to lhe general
publicby individualsemployedby the kiag. "Baricalll a Town
Crier wasff kind of mlking ewspaper,
but todaya lot of my
work is ceremonialor promotional' saysFeter, "I wear a
traditionalrcstumeand carrya bell and shoutthe familiarcall
of Ayn Oya'to get people'sattentron.I work for the British
TouristAsthority andI presideat festivals,showsaod parades
aswell asat London'slourjst attractions.
I alsoget to travelall
overlhe wodd doingditferenrpromotionsat depadmenlslores
andhotels,"Peterhasbeendoingthisjob for morethan25years
andto hIE it is morethanajob; it is a wayof life. 'I'm keepinga
much-lovedlradition alive-[f you ever need to fiDd me, just
follow the souddof ftJ boomfugvoic."In hisjob he hasmet
lots of celebritiesincludingMPs and rnembersof the Royal
Family,but hisFroudestboestis that he hasneverlosl hisvoice.

D
RickBooth.36,is oneof a decreasira
oumberof Eailkmen
still
workingin BritainHe arrivesat thedairyaroundl1.00pmto loadup bismilk float
and it takeshim about ffuehoursto complethis round. I{e
Ieavesthe milk on the doontep andcollectsth emptybot es
left thereby thehouseholders.
By themorning,Ric.k'shardsare
$oreaDdblistered.Pickingup aDdca-[IyiDg
cratesatl night is

reallyhard on your hands,"he admits.It alsostrsifs hjs tnees

afldbacL "I'm afuaysbendingdownand lifling so you haveto
be in Boodshapeto do thisjob-'Sorekneesandbacksaren'tthe 5 5
oDlypaios milknen have to suffer. Angry pets are another
prohlem."Somedogsget you whenyou. backis tufied," Rick
laughs.The otherproblemis the unsociable
hours."Whenthe
moon is up and everybodyis asleep,your body tel1syou it's
bedtime.But you haveto go agahsl [atnre aad Etayawak.60
Als+,I hardlyeverseea.nyof my customers,
so I do feelrather
isolated."

"Centralheatingandgasfireshaven'tdonawaywith ussweeps
yei," saysTed C-r:x,64,who wasjust sevenyrars old when his
father,alsoa sweep,finrl put him up a chimneywherehe hadto 65
climb up a d sweepout the soot."ln fact,"he says,'iflcrea5iDg
concemsever carbonmonoKide
poisonjngfrom faulty ele.ctric
ano Eas[res nas tncreaseoule oemanolor cnrmne!sweeos

JarelySweeps
don'tJustcleanchimneys,
you knor!.Theyalsa
keepthemfree from obstrtlctlons,
like cobwebs,
birds'flests 70
andleavesto cnsureproperventilation."
Tedsaysto bEa good
youalsoreedto ba goodlistener,'l#henI makehouse
swe4p,
calls,I usuallyendup staljngfor a cupof teaanda chaqwhichI
reallyenjoy.It's no usebeinga s*eepiI youdoo'tliftereal'he
75
sayslaughing,

'You haveto be on ]our guBrdat all timesfor bombscaresor

rcbberyatteftpts",saysMilesReed,58,a Yeomanof tbeGuard
at the To-FeroI Lotrdon otheryr'ise
knowl] as a 'Beefsater'.
'We'r notjust a touristattraction,you know!"he addsproudly.
MiLes'daystartsaround9 o'clockin the momingwheflrhe firsr 80
visilorsarrive.He spendsmoslofthe daygivingguidedtoursof
the Tower of Lolrdorr,answeringquestionson its hi$toryand
posiogfor photographs
with touristsin his tradieionaired and
gold uniform.His shift usuallyendsat around5.45when the
Towerclosesto visitors-Milesdoesn'thavefar to go afterwork 85
because
all 'Beefeate.s'
andtheir familieshaveaccommodation
in the Tower grounds.'What I enjoy most aboul the job is
meetingand talkingto the tourists,"admitsMiles."Theremust
be picturesof mein photoalbumsall overthevorld."
( OyezOyez-rosghlyrranslalcdmcsnrlistfflListen.)

TextAnalysis

Whatdoeseachperson
mean
bythefollowing?

Discussion

"... I haveto take it wheni1 suitsmy employer"

{line12)

Whatqualities
doeseachEerson
mention
related
to
theirwork?Howfardoyouagreewiththese?
Discuss.
ut5cu55
tnelo owtno,

"The one thing yoL must havefor thisjob is e

headforheghts." (lines
1E-19)
"l'rn keepinga muchoved traditlonalive."

Why do you thinktheseJobsare n dangerof

(lines41-42)
". ..is re a lly
hardon y o u rh a n d s r("l i n e5 3 )

Whichtradtionaljobs
inyourcoLlntry
areindanger
of disappearing?
Whyisthishappening?

disappEering?

"... to be a goodsweep.
youalsoneedto be
goodlistener"(lines71-72)

in bold,
Explain
thewords

Role-play:
Choore
a pe6onfromthetext,takeroles
andinterview
him.

53

*ffi\

formor Infinitive ?
wt' -ing

ch
ReportedSpee

Re[erence
Gran'rmar

Complete
eacnsentence
withanappropriate
infinitive
ot -ingfotm.
1
I

Gramrnar Refrence
thequestions.
theexamples.
thenan5wer
Read
Cr YouHerp
flel

if I touldhelphin.
Lanyasked
Lotry
soidhotit didn'twork
Larrytoldmeto switch
it aff.

I cantaffordnot ..... ...

ajobatthe roment.
Doyoumindus............. youwhileyouwork?

. . . . . . . . . . . . .h o u se ?
3 H r v p u n ' n n c .nprpd
4 I hateit whentheohorekeeps
................-....
hirnbefore.
5 ourboss
hasthreatened

............overlrrne.
Hepersuaded
.. .......
everyone
panyat Flarks.
thedinner
7 Wechose
you.......
. ......
some
I TheJob
trmeabroad.
willinvolve
forthepromotion
I Sheencouraged
me . -...............
a decision.
10 Theyhavedelayed

with an infinitiveor
Complete
eachsentence
-ing
of theverbchange?
form.Howdoesthemeaning

Howdo the tenses

change?
_'
change?
Howdo thepronouns
verbsareused?
3 Whichreporting
do younotice?
4 Whdto.he'changes
I

verbfromthelistto report
Choose
anappropriate
whatSheila
saidto Steve.
. complain
. suggest
. threaten
ilvite . explarn
ask. ofler. lnsst . remind. admlt

.. . (work)
asa secretary
l'dlike............
I like...............twork)as3 serretary
(call)for a
z He didn't remember
technic
ansothecomputer
wasstiI broken.
b Thal'sstranqeI don't remember
(call)for d technician.
3
l'll gel it oonepvPn{ it means
(stayup)late.
D l'm sureshedtdn'tmeanyor-t . ......... .. (stay
up)lateto getit done.
4
. (buy)a newspaper
Hestopped
cn
hiswayhome
(buy)a newspaper.
o Hestopped
(send)thisfaxbefore
5 a Couldyoutry
two o'dock?t's urgent
(send)
heran
a Whydon'tyoutry ..................
qetit qrickl,.
e-maiat home?5he'11

Rewrite
thesentences
usingthewotdsin brackets,
I lt'stoo expensive
to eatthere.(Wecan'tafford...)
2 Everyone
laughedwhen sne trippedover the
(Theycouldn'thelp,..)
cable.
J
He'snot the kind of personwho woud buy
(Heavoids..-)
expensive
clothes.
(l did 't remember
I leftmywalletat horne.
..,)
5 We'llbe happyto seeyounextmonth.(Weare
looking...)

Usethewordsto makesentences
related
to work
usinganrnl$nifive
ot -ingfoffn.
. finish. choosee offer. hate.prefer.can't
. d fficult
stand. try .5t0p . pteaseo
I hoven
t finished
Wing tE rcpoftyet.

54

In pairs,
takerolesandactouta dialogue
entitled
"Themisunderstanding".
Useasmanyreportiflg
verbsaspossible.
lhere?
A: Harry,
whatareyoudoing
yourdeskclose
thdtI move
to
8: lthoughtyousuggested
thewtndow
youto rnavetheplantsciose
| asked
to the
A: Me?Never!
etc
windaw,

English
in Use- Part3
theSentences
using
thewordgivn,Use
Complete
the
betweentwo andfive words.DonotchangE
wordin bold.
"Donotbelate,8ob| '' Lynsaid.
not

Lyn

late.

"l wishyou had askedme if you

" lvlark
coulduse my comPuter,

saidto Allen.
without Mark critc;sedA l l n
for havtng
hm.
3 I don'tthinkwe ne8dto ltstento
yoursideof thestory
point
I nere5
yoursideof thestory
"Doyouknowwharthe t meis,
Tim?"Annasked.
Tim
what
Annasked
it was.
Shed dn't get mny peope to
srgnupforthejob
sucreed 5he

manypeople
to signupforthe]ob.
Mr
At the end of hs speech,
Snithshowedsomeslides.
finished M rs ml th... .....
.. ..
someslides.
7 ''why did n 't ltry this bread
before?'' wonderedBetty
tried
Bettywondered

English
tn Use- Part2
whichfitsbest.Useonlyone
10 Readthetextandfillintheword
(0).

word.There
isoneexample

The deaof beingyour(0)oivnbossis veryattractive.

No moreworkingfor
(1)..... .... .. elsejno morecrders,no prospect
of beng sacked
or made
redundant.
andtme of[ (2)...........youfue likert. Thesp
benefiG
ar,
broadly
speaking,
true.Workingfor (3)..... .........
meansbeingn charqe
of
yourowndestiny.
lf ycusucceed,
thenthesky's
thelimitforyourambitions.
(4).......
y hardwork and
........, self-employment
ran be extreme
(5) ,
withoutthecertainty
comes
of a regular
or bnefits
, . a5
income
sickleaveand pension
arrangeTnents
Thehoursareusualy(6). . . . . . . . . .
with the mountain
longer especrally
of paperwork
to get through- and
(7)......,...
....timest canbea lonely.
thankless
task.
Takingeave,at (8)............
...Intheeary stages
whenyouareunlikely
(9). . . . . .. losingmoney.
to haveanystaffto cover,wi I be rmpossible
Thereare (10)........... the fnancaldsks.Thousands
of youngFlrrns
(11) ..
stanedolrt wth sLrchpromisego bankrupteveryyer,
(12).............. swalowedup their owners'life savingsand put
(11)
nt o y edr)o' dc bt : o. ' y or-s ee (i 4)
a5 an
you(15)..........
automatic
routeto aneasier
I fe,perhaps
.. .. Ihinkagain

- Part5
English
tn Use

11

that breadbefore
"YoLlstotemy ideatortheproject.

Some
linesare
there.lf a line
should
notbe
AIE IWO

| 7 '' (airl Sarrh

accused 5arah
ideaforthe project.
I "Sha| | help you file these
documents?"
Lynsaidto me,
Lyn
offered
the dorumerts.
10 Themanager
saidhewassorryhe
hadto cance
themeetrng
Themaraqe .. .
apologised
..... ......Inemeerlng.

Forming
WordFormation:
negativeadiectives

Makenegative
adjectives
usrngthe
prefixes:
dii-;-,/,'
im-;ir-;n-; un-,
1 .... satisfied;
2.........
converent;
4...........
legal;
3 ........ pesonal;
6..........
direct;
5........ agreeablel
7 . .. .. . . mature,
I ..... .. . portej
. logical;
I . . ..ho n e st;10. ......
11 ., ......regular;
1? ...... relevant;
'13..........sure;
'14.. . . reIrable

E-mail has totelly revolutionisedthe way I work, as I imagine il

has for millions of the other peopLin busy olfices all around 00
th r'irorld. I can slill remember back having to type and print

the

raxs allo conflanuv Deuct Delunct WlIn au mv corTe.EDonoence. 2

We wasted oI so much ti.methen rnaking sure that somsonehad 3

receivedsomethingard peoplelmewsomethhgwEshappeningus. n
Nowadays,all thathascharged and at dle ciick of a buttonyou cen 5
sendto hundredsof colleaguestlle sememessage-IIle cost savings 6
;ue enorlnou:i too: we used to sDend in a fortuJreon stafirbs end 7
payingfor courier and phone bjlls. Now we can send documsntE IJ
of a hundredpagesto lhe olherside of 0reworid in seconds.The I
only dowlrside oI thk is that you can't avoid ftom getUng back to

10

people because they now expect for an ifiuRediateanswer.You 11

cajrnol, Ior e8alnple, apologise them for being out of dre cffice 12

becausetheylcrowthatyou eanreadto your messagesajrywhere. tl

We are no ]onqer able to blame a delav on the Eostnafl and so I find
that I have to dal with lhingB arld raanageol rny correqrondence a

1+
tf

lot moreeficien y,

55

headngscouldyouusein
Whichof the following
yourrepoft?(Tick/)

Reports

FirstThinqs
FirstE Begnnng
I

Reportsare usuallywritten for a personin

graupleoder,
etr].They
authorityfeg.a teachet,
monagel
normally
rontainsomedescription
Saywhdtthe
[e,9,
conditions
inyourschool
are/ike..)andoftenincludeour
suggestions
for futureaction
or recommendations
(e.9.... andsuggest
couldbe
howyouthinkthesituatian
impraved).
Information
in separate
seftronsEach
is presented
to helpthe reader
seclionhasan approprlate
heading
edlrlyrdentiry
wl-dI l.herepo'lronrans

PurposeE

WhatI LikeAboutTheSchool!
Conditions
Classroom
!
WhatCafiwe DoAboutlt? E
lmprovements
Suggested
!
lastButNotLeastE
Conclusion
!

nnalysing
a report
Readthe modelandinserttheappropriate
fromEx,1.3,
headings

I Reports usually begin with the following

information
in the top left-handcorner.

TimothvTavlor,Dean
Frcm: ToniaWashington
improvements
to classrooms
Subject; Suggested
Date:
8rhMay20...

To:
(Theexactinformation
depends
on therubric).

Thefirstparagraph
isusualy
a shoftsection
entitled
Purpose
or Introduction.

It s irnpoftant
that we mntionthe reasonfor
fof the information
writingandprepdre
the readeT
thatwewi I nclude
in themainbody
lhe na,r bodyis divrdedinto senoos,eacl'of
We shouldlink our
whichstartsw th a heading.
ideaswith approprate
lnkingwordsand phrases.
We needto use short sentences
to makethe
information
easyto undefstand.
Reportsend with a final section,often entitled
Conclusion,
inwhichwe can:
thepointsin themainbody
- sLmmarlse
makea racornmendation
for futureaction
op nron
- offera personal
Present
tenses
andformalwr tinqale normally
usedln
Iepons.

1
Understandi
ngthe Rubric

thekeywords.
Read
therubric
belowandunderline
Thenanswer
thatfollow,
thequestions

ri
The purpose of this repod is to mmment on
corrditios in the collegeandto makerecommendations
fcr possibleimDrovements.
,dlthoughconditionsare generallygood, there are
there is
one or two problems.Firstly, in largeclasses,
tend to
not much deskspace.Secondly,the classrooms
bc dark,especiallyin the wintermonths.Frnally,dufing
video lessons,some of us find il difficu.ltto see the
sffeenproperly.
3) .,..,...,....,.,.............,"..,...
thatcouldbemadein
Therearea numberofchanges
order to improvelhe situation.To beginwith, I would
perclassbe
suggesl
thuLthe numberof students
strongly
kept to below ten. In this way, we would avoid the
qvercrowdingthat sometimesexists.Also, specialcare
needsto be taker asfar aslightingis concemed-l.ast,if
the collegeinvestedin a largertelevision,it wouldmean
that all of tbe studentswould be able to gel the
maximumbenefitout of thevideotessons.
4) ..,..................."......._......
with the
To sum up, while most oI us are satisfie.d
conditions,I feel that the above improvementswould
werecarried
makethingseye befter.[f thesesuggestions
out. both teachersand studentswould have a mofe
comfortableenviroffnen| lor studyingandteachirg.

-hF .oleqewhpreyo|-studytnglEl-hasdec;dFd
lo

youasa
makesomechanges.
TheDe;nhrsasked
to writea reporton the
studentrepresentative,
conditions
andto suggest
waysin
intheclasstooms

andfindanswers
to the
b, Lookbackatthemodel
questions'
following

for students
whichthe situationcouldbe improved

andstaff.
yourreport.
WTrte
1

56

Whos thetargetreader?
What nformation
do youhaveto incudein your
report?

doeseachsection
{ontatn?
1 Whatnformation
doesthe writeruseto make
2 What phrases
re(ommendationS?

andrecommended
solutions
arementioned
c. Whatproblems
in
themainbodvof themodel?

Usetheprompts
belowto write
complete
sentences.

WordsandPhrases
''4t Linking
*,,." In reports,ideasshouldbe linkedusinglinkingwordsand
phrases
Examples
of theseinclude
To list points
/Then,/Fufthermare
.-. )
Fhstly
/ tn thefirstplace/To beginwith... ; Secondly
Finolly
/ Lost.,, ; et(

One / the main problerns

/
/
learning
English
/ get/ enough
listening
andspeaking
Flractice
things
/
2 Secondly.
/ lot/ difficult
learn,
/ especially
/ grammar
/
3 Onesolution
/ watchw/ isten
radio
4 This/ mean/ hearthe way/
langudge
/ spoken
/
5 As a result,/ soondevelop
thorouqh knowledge/ the
rangua9e
6 Furthermore.
if I studyregularly
/
slowlybuild/ knowledge

Tomake{oncessions
Although
...; while...
thefad that,.; etc
: despite
Toaddemphasis
etc
.. ; pafticuladyi
especially,,.
; inpafticular
youropinion
Toexpress
I feel...; I believe
...; I amconvinced,,.
; I amconfident..,
: et(
Tomakesugge5tions/recommendations
(strongly)
rcrcmmend
...; lf we(didthis/ weretodothis)...I
| (would)
suggest/
wouldbeta...; ltwouldbea goodideato... ;ett
Anesolution
/ suggestion
Toexoresscauseand effect
(solve
wauld
etc)...,
...; (Doing
this)
theprablem,
By(dotng
his),we
fiuld/ woutd
sothat. ,.; (fhis]wouldmeanthat
In thisway,wecould.-. i .. .

,,,;Asarcsult
,, ; et(

Readtherubric,underLine
thekey
questions.
words
andanswe!'the

Gothrouqhthe modelin Ex.2aandidentifuthelinking

alternatives,
words/phrases
used.
Thensuggest
fromthetheoryboxabove
linkingwords/ph'ases
Useappropriate
to complete
thesentences,

3
4

environment
isnt healthy
workinoin sucha closed
ccmplained.
flothing
hasbeendoneabouttt.
inthe office
getmorecomputers
Weshould
everyone
couldhavea(ce55.
, the
workwouldgetdonemorequ,ck'y
we nctease
ourotficehours
provide
bettercustomer
5eryice.
thecurrent
change
Frstly,I fee
. ........
should
begiven
an extra
currrculum.
. students
freeperioddurrngexams.
staff,
I believe
we shoud ht-eaddtionalpaft-lime
season
duringthebusysummer
out on t me.
beableto getthe orders
.. irnportant
to understand
the
Finally,
lt is ...............
today
in thejob market
impo{tance
of theInternet
willhep usimprove
...the results
of thi: survey
our
workingconditions.

g
I

Theschoolwhereyou workas a
teacher
s planning
to produce
a
to the
brochure
to be distnbuted
publc Theheadmaster
hasasked
you to writea report,suggestlng
whichaspects
of lifeat theschool
in the
should be represented
dndwhichphotographs
brochure
should
beused

wnte yourreport.Youshould
write between120 and 'l80
words.

Whoisthetargetreader?
lifecould
Whichaspects
of school
youwriteabout?
Whichlinkingwordsand phrases
couldyouinclude?
Whrchof the followingsection
headings
couldyouuse?

othersehools
in theArea
l* E
fonclusion
Timetab
n Lesson
ExamSuccesses
!
T Purpose
yof theSchool
A Derailed
Histor
!
SchooActrv
ties
Cassrooms
OtherE
!

5l

(A& B)andsaywhichisnotappropriate,
Read
thetwomodels
givingreasons.
Thinkabout:
layout
- grammar
- style(formal
informal)
notcovered
- points

. saywhatlnformation
iscontained
ineach
section
. under
wordVphtase
inethelrnking
alternattves
& suqgest
. highlght
which
are
words/phrases
formal

Dear E4rHowell.
whar] rinkis
I'm wrr,in7youLhlsre?art ic trfl ycu all abat-fr
a bn liarfr Aea for lhe brachuret'hffi you wart Eo wrLe. Firyit:af
all,let,He bay whaLa friceiA6att is. t' ia a really4ood*chool
and I ha,re1eenvery happyhere. r facb, 1'llbe eorryEa leate,
ObherSchoolEln EheArea
En4llshSchoolllL's the beEt
There'sno schoollke Riverbaflk
in I-hearea anA a Ehek)Asare reallyhappv- Sorveol lhe
other achoolain Ehe|,ownare iust,rrbbish

DetaileAHigtoryof EhaSchool
fhe echoolilarEei in 198'/,I think. lr' haE ust qot better
and beLler since Xhen,with t.i.e lez5ono,rice claeEroarnE
ani tne nlcest t eacherq.
Wal, 'd betEer qo now,fhankE fcr your Liye and qaoA
uck wifh Lhe brochurel.
\ oura +incerely,

RuEhLarson

To:
JohnHoweU
From: RuthLarson
Subject: SchoolBrochure
Date: lst Auqust20...
Pu4tose
The purpose of this reporl is to make reconunendationsregarding
which aspects of life at the school should be rcpresented in the
proposedbrochure.
Classroomr
would be to includesomeirformationabout
Firstly,one suQlgestion
the classrooms.It E'ould be a good idee lo inciud some
photographstaken dudng a lesson. This would gEvea good
impressionofthe conditionsin the school,
SchoolAstivities
Secondly,I think it would be usefl to mentionsomethingaboutthe
differeff activittesand projects that we take part in. We could, for
example,rncludean articie aboul lhe llrtelnet Proicl and lature
photoQlraphs
of the l'rdeo roorn. In this way we could show the
public thatthereis more to IearningEnglishthanclaEsroomwork
E (am Successes
FinaJIy,we could include a section abott the resuhsAom recent
exarninationsin order to show how successfulthe school has
been.We could illustratethis with photographstakenat last yeiu's
prize-givingceremony,
ConcluBlon
To sum up, I believe that if we include some of the suggestions
above,we llriUbe able 10create a very athacthe and informative
brochure.As a rsuil,the public will have a very clear idea of the
work thdtwe do herc.

58

and
Lookbackat thegood
model

rctt*rt of Application
when
WewriteletteEof applrration
of
wewantto applyfora jobor a course
ony the
study.lt is importaftto Include
dndto usea
information
thatisrelevant,
style,formalor semi-formal.
suitable
. Thefirstparagraph
mentonsthe
reasonfor writing.t .an a so
rnclude
the nameof the
job/courseyouareapplyingfor
andwhereyousawit advertised.
can
Themainbodyparagraphs
include:
whatyouaredoingnow
youhave
- whatworkexperience
qualifications
- youracademic
qualtreswhichmake
the persona
yousuitabte
forthejoborcourse
What you wdte in the main body
dependson wfiat s writtenln the
with
rubncYoushould
linkyoufideas
wordsandphrases.
appropnate
linking
yourafl:
n yourfinalparagraph,
- summarise
thepontsin thernain
oooy
thankthe person
for considerinq
yourapplication
you
askthe personto consjder
for thejob/course
mention
thepossib
lityof further
communication

tensesare normaly usedbut

Present
sornepast tensescan be usedto
descrbe your past experence, fe,g.I
n 2043and joined a
finishedschoatr
tomputetrcuse. wherct obtainedo
diplamain lnformaonTechnologyJ
Youmayalsousefutureconstructions,
k.g.t irlurd to !:onrinue
my studie,ia
LandonandI will soon be starting
\lolantorywokin onJetto ,)

F\

d\
q/

2
the Rubric
Understanding
attentionto
Readtherubricbelow,payingcareful
the
Thenanswer
theunderlined
wordsandphrases.
ouestions
thatfollow
#

e
a

a letterof appli(ation
Analysing

10 a. Readthemcdelandfind:
1
2
3
4
5
6

fora
Youhaveseenthe fo lowingadvertisPment
job andhavedecided
to appy.
summer

Taylorand Partners

We need stLrdentsto qork in our offices

months.
Theworkwill
durinolhe summer
involvobasicofficedutiesin our London
branchand anyonewho is a lull-time
studed can apply.We are looklngfor
peoplewithinitiative,
so wfiteand tell us
to read
We'l[be interested
aboutyourself.
aboutanvexpIleruqwhichyou havehad
but most o{ all we want Youto tell us
aboutVourpelqonaliW,
Write your letter of appli(ation.You should
writebetween120andlE0words
1 Whoisthetargetreader?
2 What informationshouldyou includein the
ntroduclion?
wlll you needT
3 Howmanymainbodyparagraphs
what shouldtheycontain?
and endngs
4 Whrchof the followinqbeginnings
Givereasons
areappropriate?

thepb wasadvert
sed
where
whatthewrterlsdoingnow
futureplans
ence
a reference
to pastworkexper
personality
details
aboutthewriter's
to furtherf,omfi-runication
a reference

Dear Sir/Madam.

in
ffi*l arnwritingm resporiseto your advertisemenl

yesterday'sStudentNews. I would be gnatefii if you

would consider my apPlicatianfor the tacancy in your
LondonofEce.
- am a sixleen-year-old
high schools de alrd aln
-'fbI
very interestedin this position. $Ihen I l6ave schooi,I
plan to sludy busines$administrationand this would be
a pedect opportunityfor me to gain someexperience.
fial work exFerience,I have
nily business,where I have
been responsi.blefor duties such as fiIing and takinE
rlity is concemed, I would
describe myself as urdustious and motirated. I am a
sociablepersonand I enjoyworking with othercas pai
of a tam. I also believe that I am capable of working
aloneand able to usemy own initiative,
I an iriterriew, i arnarrailEble
ronsiderinqmy application,I
look iDrwardto hearingtom youYoursfaithJnlly,

PonC+llir+r
Dora Collier

,4. rjea:' Sir,/Madan,

I Lhouqhf r'd droP Ycu a i.ine aboul
Lhe adverLrseme:lt for the suJtxner
posi - ' or advercised iL l.I 'r-- Derttr' T | [!rs -

andending
b. Suggest
anaiternative
beginning
forthisfetter.
| |

B Dea,zSu/Mo.dE n,

] onr, u.vi,Umq.o,tso+ttfr,e,ia&. I arn'vo

$^nolnr' o r'J I thn'"k I ln,ur- "fX {,- "iX},i'
alr\ar a, Ur

a* e'T"/n-t

"*

wordsi
a. Read
themodel
again
andfindformal
whichmean
thesame
astheinfonnal
ohrases
given
ones
inthetable,
asintheexample.

lnformal$tYle
10answer

FormalSgte
Inrcsp0nse
I0

think
about

methe chatce
Well,iharksfor 1ivinq
lo applyfor lhie. 1'msure it'll be 4reat
fun workin4in your Londonbranch.

l0D

Youre,
Jim 9mlth

donefiings
likE
answerinq
lhephone
aslorwhatl'mrealy like,

I thilk I'm the right personlor the job. CaJI

me if you l!ke.

can
lf youwanl

Yoursfaitl$Ily,
IamesSmith

fiee

chance
I havn
I gotany

can'l
waitlo
hear

59

to mak
b- Nowusethe formalwordsandphrases
senten(es
thatyourouldusein yourownletter
of application.
4\
E/

ErrorCorrection

thekey
thewritingtasksbelow,underline
13 Lookatand,
that
thequestions
foreachone,answer
words
follow.

letterof
modelbelowisnotasuitable
1 2 a. The
mistakes"
application,
theunderlined

Correct
Thinkabout:
. wrongtense
. unnecessary
word
e punctuation
. missing
problem
word
r languaEe
preposrtEn
tooi forma r wrong
. incorrect
r wrongwor00r0er
salutation
r gerund/
lnfinitrve
mstake

!8

a
a
I

You hava weekand

lob worklngin a shop.
The manager
wantsto makethe shopmore
profitable
andhasaskedyouto writea report
making
somesuggestions
Writeyourreportfor the manager.

c
t

for
announcement
Youhaveseenthefollowing
job,
a part-trme

Oear 1ir llv4ad'am,

write thla letEer to ap?lyfor frhe iob 1 oaw
adverEioed
aomewhere.
I ha',ealwa'rcwarfred doinalhie job eter aincelrytryt
ltfrt'leboy,I alwayeEkeLa watuhf ilms or TV and dream
IhaL one Aay will wotk.
trt an office. -lt--gsur@really
cool and'rr rt'e *aE :,tova-:F-3-tEAL-!E-l f\ere it
and anothe-rremon whv I wart. tho iob fi iE because
whenI lea,,esclrol I wxrEtn be a manaqer,
andit. would
be aooAexperencalor me.I wouldalsa lke t.o hlow ho'v
nnh is_!.lUpaEe\Jin arAertc plar my holidayefor the
eunmer,Fleree let ma knov f I qeLt'he jab. I carlL

Doyouhave{reetimeinthevenings?
We are lookingfor sensibleand mature
young peopleto work part-timein our
AccountsDeDartrnent.
You do not need
but we nsd you to be
any experience
honstandreiiable.
Writeand tell us a littleabout yourself
andwhyyouthinkyouwouldbe suitable
tortheiob.

Writeyourletterof application.

Whatdo youhaveto write?

)
Whatstyleisappropriate?
Whoisthetargetreader?
wayto begin?
WhatwaLldbe a suitable
lf so. suggest
Wrll you use secrionheadings?
ones
sultable
shouldyouinclude
in the main
Whatinformatlon
body?
6 Whichlinking
wordsandphrases
couldyouuse?
Howcouldyouendyourpieceof writing?
I

Theletterabovehasotherproblehs,
apart
mistakes.
Read
it aqain
fromtheunderlined
andsayif thewritefeffectively:
1 mentions
forwrtlng
thereason
r
z sayswherehesawthejobddvertised )1
ngfor,.-..
3 mentions
thetypeofjobheisapply
4 separdtes
hiswritng intoparaqraphs
5 includes
informat
on
oniyrelevant
E
says
whatheisdong now
l nrentions
relevant
experience
I rTrentions
c qualficatons
hisacadern
quaLrties
refers
to h s personal
1 0 linkshisideas
withapplopr
atelrnknE

|{

youhavelearned
theinformatron
inthisunit,
Usrng
write one of the tasksabove.Youshouldwrite
120and180words,
between

woras
ancpnrase5
11 summarises
thepointsin theman body
12 thankstheperson
for considering
his
application
l3 askstheperson
himforthe
to consider

iob/course
of lurther
mentions
thepossibility
comm
unication
1 5 uses
approprare
an9uage

60

"Mr Smith,why are

you atefor workthis

morning?"
"l got married"
sr "
"Well,seeit doesn't
"
happen
again

c, Whatdoeseachperson
do fora living?

Lead-in
1

of the
Inwhichroom(s)
canyouseeeach
following?
Whatotheritemscanyousee?

Wouldyouliketo livein anyoneof the following?

Why/why
not?Discuss
in pairs.
anisolated
cottrgein thecountryside
on thetop floorof a skyscraper
a penthouse
a houseboat
(mgbrle
a carayan
home)
an Lrnderground
house

pottedplants. lightf,ttingsr af repace

sufte
wlndows. a rnrror . a three-piece
French
. a c0ffee
table. draped
cuftains
a r:arpet
. a wooden
floor
ornaments

to talkaboutthe
b. Inpairs,
usetheadjectives
roomsaDove.
. rosy. traditional
. oare. Spactous
. rustic
. comfortab
e . airy. mpe60nal
. modern
. lived-in. crowded
r stylish
notmu(hfurnitle,just
,4; ,4oom
f looks
boretoneThere's
table...
o sofoondacoffee
impetsonol,
dontyouthinkl
B: lt alsalaoks

doyouthinkeachof these
a. Whatkindof person
rooms
to?Tellyourpartner.
belongs
Its
toan?ftisticpe$or).
I thir'ktheroomn ptdureAbelongs

I'd liketo !|vein 0 penthouse

an thetop {Iaoraf o
sfuscraper
sothotI couldenjoytheviewafthecity.
8: YetI thinkit wou[dbegreotta beabove
oll theother
buildings.

A.

quotatioils.
Whichone
a. Faraphrase
thefollowing
Why?Discuss.
doyouagree
withthemost?
A man travelsrhe world over In searchof
whathe needsandreturnshometo find it.

food
A houseis no homeunJess
it contains
andFirefor themind aswell asthebodv
A home
houseis madeof wallssndbeams.
built with lor.eend dreams-

abeautifu[rcom,.,
to thehouses
in
thespeakers
Listen
andmatch
youdecide?
Whichwordshelped
thepictures.
1 Pamela
? Han)

b. lf youcouldchange
threethingsaboutyour
home,whatwouldtheybe?Why?

3 Sarah

61

To do
fiis task
you
successfi:lly
needto flnd the links
and
betweenthe senlences
the text before afid after

eacn8aP.

Lookat thetitleandthe
picture.
Whatdoyouthink
isabout?
thearticle
to
b. Read
theintroduction
WhYdoYou
thearticle.
to
decided
thinkthecouple
the
round?
Read
liveunderg
quicklY
and
firstparagraph
check.

youeverconsider
c. Would
What
livingunderg
round?
wouldtheadvantages/
be?Think
disadvantages
about:
. noise. light
building
costs. space
nelgnDou15

. neaTlng
mantenance
. views. safety. bills
,4: Iwouldthinkh ingundergrcund
nightbelessnoisy.
B: '/es,
butit couldalsobeextrcmely
y1uoEreel
dark,
don't

a- Lookat thetext.Eight
havebeen
5entences
Read
thefirst
removed.
paragraph,
thenlookat the
wordsin
underlined
l. WhatdotheY
sentence
show?
and
b, Nowreadtheartrcle
choose
fromthesenteces
(A-l)theonewhichfitseach
gap.There
isonesentente
whichyoudo ntneedto
u5e.
thewordsbothin
c. Underline
thetextandthesentences
youdecide
on
whichhelped
your
yourchoices.
Compare
to YourPartner's.
an5we15

62

Eccentric?
Possibfy.
Ecofogical? Yes,
Economical? You bet
Steve lfeffs on a couple's decision to
buifd their home befow tfte earth'

Societyis going to have to look at energy usage, and

in a crowdedcountry.
underground
homescanbe space-saving
The light comingin throughthem shouldcreateinterestlng
lightingeffectsin the centrallivingarea- and reducethe need
for anificial
light.
c A considerable
amountof moneyis savedon energyand
homesarefreefrom most
malntenance
bills.andearth-sheltered
formsof noisand havea low fire risk.
with
D Also,somepeoplefind it difficultto copepsychologically
applies
only
livlngin an earth-sheltered
dwelling,
but thisusually
to deeDstructures.
Theycanmakeuseof steepslopesand canhaveattractivewide
glassfronts.
The first time the coupleclimbeddown a dangerousold iron
they expe(tedto
ladderto inspectthe insideof the reservoir,
descend
into metresof mud andwater.
G The couplehavesinceuseda specialdrill to cut three large
squarehoJesin the roof, which will soonsupportthree glass
pyramros.
H Becausean earth-sheltered
home is so effectivelyinsulated,
significantly
thereis virtuallyno lossof heatingand,therefore,
reduced
heatin
o bills.
,A few monthslater,alon with hiswife.Sarahhe is ahout to
becomeoneof the few Britswho livebelowthe earth.

TimothyScottwasleisurelyleafingthrougha local
whenhe sawa smalladvertfor a "concrte
ngwspaper
for sale'.[0Tr] the couple,
knownlocallyas
reservoir
notjust
'themoles',havedecidedto go underground
theywantoneof the mostunusualhomesin
because
Britain,but for goodecologicalreasonstoo.

protededfiom windanddraughts.
naturally
Earth
shellering
alsoprovides
greatersecurity
andat the sam
timea building
thatwJ[[lasta good500years.
Thereare
fewerthana dozenearth-sheltered
homesin Britain,
whichmakestheirinhabitants
into oioneers
of a sort.

Building
thisway isalsocompatible
with the new
theyfounda sweet-smeliing
l0m by 2Om
consrvationist
methods.[5Tl fo avoidlivingin 'shoe
]Tl-l Instead,
4m high,Themassive
concreteroof,andthe
boxes"andto kepagriculiural
space,
landgreen,thereis really
by eightlargeoriginal
earihaboveit, wassupported
onlyonewayof building:
underground.
'ln 100years'
35 time,or less,'saysTimothy,
t brickpillars.
'l believe
thatlarge
numbers
of peoplewill be livingin earth-sheltered
knew
immediately
that
it
would
make
a
wonder{ul
'We
homesin Britain-'
I

home.saysI imothy.lTTl

hesewill bethemain

sourcecf lightandheatfor the house.Naturallightwill

spreadthroughtlasswallsto the threebedrooms,two
t bathroomsandkitchenoff the centralarea.

Earlh-sheltered
homesdon'thaveto be likeTimothv's
reservoir.
aslongasthere
[6T l A patiois alsopossible,
40 is enoughspace frontof a house.

'Weexpectvirtuallyno heatingbills,'Timothy5ays.'Ihe
surroundine
earthandtheinsideof thewallsshould
provideanamplestorage
areafor thesolarenergywe
gainthrough
duringtheday.| il
thepyramids
We
I estimate
thatthiswill cutourelectriciw
billsbv at leasta
third.'

However.accordingto PeterCarpntier,
secretary
of the
BritishEarthSheltering
Association,
who livesjn hisown
underground
honre,therearea fewdisadvantages.
For
instance,becausethereareso few earth-sheltered
45 homesin the UK it is usuallyhard.althoughnot
impossible,
to getpJannjng
permrssion.
FTI Whena
lot of excavation
is needed,
buildingcostscanbe higher
Thecouple's
beliefin thebenefits
of Jiving
underground
thanfor conventional
homes.althoughsavings
canbe
isgenuine.
Livingunderground,
whichis quitecommon
madein otherways.
in America,
in partsof Spainandin China,hasmany
i advantages
for families.FTI What'smore,theyare

The couple'sbelef in the benefitsof iving

undergrornd
isgenuine.
(liaes
2?-?3)
Buildinq
thiswayis alsocompatible
withthe new
conservat
onrstmethods.
(lines
31-3?)

Vocabularv
Practice

Matchthe hiqhlighted
wordrinthetextto their
synonyms
oetow
. expenses
. alrnost
. gigantic
. morethanenoughI rsidents
. unhurriedly
. calculate
r practices
approxfmately

b. Which
wordsorphrases
inthetextdeseribe
the
materials
usedfotthiskindof buildino?

TextAnalysis
Lookat thesetwo Dhra$s
froff thearticle.
Whatisthemeaning
of theword'good'in each
Sentence?
... not .iLstbecause
theywantoneof the most
unusual
homesin Eritain.
but for goodecological
reasons
too.(lhes4-6)
.. a burldingthat will last a good 500 years.
(line28)

phrases
b. Lsokat thefollowing
fromthearticle
andexDlain
theminvourownwotds.

Whatadvantages/disadvantages
of Iiving
underground
doesthearticle
mention?
Listthem,
thentalkto therlass
abouttheprosandconsof
living
underground.
Thearticle
states
that"Society
isgoingto haveto
lookat energy
usage
."."(sentence
A).Whatways
arethereto save
energy
in ourhomes?
Think
about:
. altefnarive
. lecyclingrrsulal
energv
50urres
orl
'

Discussion
ln pairs.
discuss
thefollowing,
Couldearth-sheltered
houses
bethe homes
of the
future:Why(not)?
Whatothertypesof houses
mightpeoplehavein
thefuture?

lnpairs,
takeroles
andactouta djalogue
between
Timothy
andSarah,
whiletheyareviewing
th
house
forsale,

63

to
Thinkof asmanyadjectives
asyoucanto make
collocations
Which
aretherein
complete
ofthesefeatures
thespidergrams.
yourhouse?
Tellyourpartner,

ryp"rof Houses
Lookat thesetypesof houses.
Which
wouldyoufindina
suburban.
urban
or ruralarea?
. {ottaoe. bunoalow
. flat . bedslt
. maisonette
council
house
. hotelsute
terraced
house
. mansion
.studio
ho seboat
. detached
. vtlla
semi-detached
. farmhouse
penthouse

front

NC

ga 9e
prctute
hant

thatched

toof

foundinrwalareas
Cattaoet
arcusuoll,tl

doyoulive
b, Whatkindof home
in?Where
isit located?

tr

gueflroomE
larder

landing
front garden

garage

tr
sne0
0alcony

T
I

drive
sluoy
roofgarden

F*.

tr
T

tr
tr

woiildyoulike
b, WhichroomVareas
yourhouse
to have?
Usetheuseful
language
to discuss
inpairs.
beniceif we
A: Myhause
has.... It would
hada shed
I would
beableto
- then
it
keepmybikethereinstead
of leaving

outsideHow
aboutyau?
8: A4y
house
has...,
butlwouldloveit if it
had...
etc
Expressing
Usefullanguage:
wishes
would be nice/greaVwonderf uI
woud loveit f ...
vea wayswanteda(n)
[,lydreamrsto havea ...
I wishwehad
llavrng
a(n) world makethingssomuch
..
nrcer/asrer/rnore
convenient

o -tt

gorden

You
enterthehouse
aloroewooden
frontdaor.
throuoh

patio

porch

hittficn :

tr

n
pooln
swimminq
yard
n
tr loft
hall
tr garnesroom n
livingroomn
diningroom tr
backqarden
T ufl rty room tr
kitchen tr terlace
n
n
oeoroom n

64

on ue

which
a. Tick("2)therooms/areas
yourhouse
it
has,thendescribe
ro your panner.
ce!lar

modun

+
r/

Rentinga house/flat
a, Workin pairs,
lmagine
thatyouandyourfriendaregoingto
fora place
to rent.Decide
on
studyin England
andar,elooking
youwouldlikebytickingtheboxes
thekindof place
below.
of yourown.
Youcanaddmorefeatures
spacious
district
stylish
cosy! in a fashionable
!
E
!
pped! fully-furnished
traditional
fully-equ
affordable
!
!
!
peaceful isolated
in thecitycentref]
easily
access
ble!
f
*o.nantain
rheap!
easy
nooerndeco'I
!
inthecountrysrde
other
!
A: I thinkweshould
tentsomewherc
5p0c[0us.I
don'twonttafee]uamped.
B: You're
rentsomewhere
stylish,
oswell.
ight.Weshould
D.

phrases
andexplain
thewords/
in
Read
theadvertisements
whichisthebestforyou.
decide
bold.Then,
inpairs,
i'-':a=-ff-*{+'e-r'

23 Brornpton Eoad
\r j r l r h :. !nl | n,r t
ti i . i i r :t , i { ,\t,,n
r j o!\,i r r r tr Li r i
.,! .i f\ i r l J {.I\'.\L

\l ,rtl ('.,tf .i rr \,l tn

i .r n !* ,!i ,;
r r .! tr t:l J i r

.j
r r 4l

I !{r}t'i ' t.t!r r,r j r

76 Maurr{eWfr

i BeaJlif,i
ly!eror,ated
2ibedruom
Viclo'ja
' lurly-lurn
house
insmallsuburb
0fLaM0F

spacious
l ingrdom
and
study. ,

20minslromLawhn
railway
stalion
II GCH.
.
.
.
.;
^f500
- - ^ !tm,!|ru/atly
ro bill$.
;
-

nppliances
& Furniture

of thehousehold
in Ex.7adoyoudo?Howoften?
b. Which
chores
withyourpartner
if youcouldlivetogether,
Discuss
anddecide

belowareall
a. Thenouns
Which
household
objects.
syllable(s)
arestressed?

I don!nlndputtingtherubbrsh
oul.
greotbecduie
8. Thats
I hateit.

pillowcase.dustbnbagJ
. CDr greenhouse
ashtray
bathtubr armchair
I
remOte
COntroi
beds
delampI fireplace
pepper
mill. lightbulb
washing
machine
bookcase

NowlistenandcheckIT
youwereright.

ldiomsandFixedphrases
phrases
Inthesentences
belowtherearesomecommon
withfome,Look
at thedictionary
entries
andunderline
thecorrect
optionineach
sentence.
Whatotherinformation
dotheentries
oive?
1 Makevourself
otlal home
2 All of ourtomatoesarehome-grdwn/-fiade.
3 | orderedsonle kitchen knivesfrom the home-shoppingfmarketing
networklastnight.
4 Beingawayfor solongyoumustfe horneless/
homesick.
5 I'venow,fldde,/sf,ttled
Londonmv home.

qeneralN UN(OUT.I
1 YoLr
canusehometo rEferln a

Discuss
withyourpartner
whatpeople
wholivein
homes.
thatdon'thavethese
obie(ts
mightuseinstead.

tr:

people
I suppose
whodonthove
dustbin
bogscoulduseplastic
fromthesupunarkei
bags
Yes,
thot\whatwedoothone

Phrasal
Verbs
2
Appendix

a. Fillthegapswiththe

particle.
correct

r-qlr'n vo- (anL5ea home-eJ

lileB;rush

putrt ontheradiators.

I'n'"' '

r@
; ;;";i;i p,.e'n*hc.

rotr"t'!rn'l
voursElr
llii'iTl, ,o, o,*, 'Mai(e
lee lffiil
ii io.";, ,0" ire mat'r-gtl-e'e

wordineachsentence,
Underline
thecorrect
thenraywhatthephrases
mean.
1 | en,oyvisiting
the Smiths,
theyreallymakeyoufeel/ikeldthome

2 I'vebeena I overtheworld,butthere's
noplace
likehomelhouse
3 Thecornments
sheryrade
abouthismanners
reallvfiitldothomel-les
neverbehaved
likethatsince.
,4tthe endof the mat{h,the importance
home
of ourvictorycame/arrived
to me.
5 f we w n this match,we'll be homelhous
and dry.
b
thinkit'stimeSamfacedup to a few home,/houi
truths.
don'thavea vervactivesocialI fe 'm moreof a hoftelhousebird.

ff you clear........ . .a. .l .lt.h e

junk in the garage,
there'll

tn
chair,Hang it
the wardrobe where rt
belongs.
It's too wet ta hang
the washing.l'll

l.) )

rtJou
voutuelhappyEndat ease,iustas
were in yor-rrown home In AmelEan
Enq[sh,]sL 5aYa hom+ away ironr
home. MonYcoltog$ sre a homeltam
tvr
dilhwashe"s'
o[leingmicrowdves,
hame,

Youwon't forgetto Fut the

you
rubbsh
.. ...... .. before
go to bed,willyorr?
lcooked
soI thinkit's
dinner,
only fair that you wash

formymotorrycle.
bespace
When you've finished
playingwith your toys,put
in the
them
{upooa
ro.
Don't eaveyoulcoatonthe

)l

) f.t l)

il;i;;

and nvitingthemto behaven

welcorne
an informal,rehre0\'!ay
trult
6 horie-glown Home'grown

Prepositions
Append;x
l

fI

phrases.
Fillin:of,within,
in,to,on Thenmakesentences
usinEthe
1 to lle situated

iho r^'
?
iha sI.JDUTD5;
2
'nt'v
the outskirts;5
theheart...... .....;5 close
thecity{entre;7 . .... . ...easyreach
drstance
, 8 ., ,. .. . walkrng

65

Listening
ening- Part3
youlisten,
(A-F)
giving
a. Youwillhearfivepeople
theirviews
onsharing
a house.
Before
lookal thesixheadings
iisted
intheboxandunderline
thekeywords.
What
to talkabout?
doyouexpect
ngone'sownspace
eachspeaker
A Appredat
I!
Speaker

(1-5),choose
whichof the
' Forquestions
thepeople
aretalking
headings
inthelist(A-F)
about.There
isoneextraletterwhichyoudo
notneedto use.

'

t.

B
C
D
E
F

Managlng
household
chores
)peaKer
r Ll
Finding
a wayto afforda house
)peaKerJ L__j
elsetlifestyfe
Adapting
to someone
4!
Speaker
Finding
the rightflatmate
Speaker
5!
to ||vewith
,Adiffirultperson

y oushare
Whichqr.ra'rties
shouldthe person
a house
withhave?

Listening
eninq- Part4

to someone
beinginterviewed
youlisten,
a. Youwilllisten
aboutsome
homes.
Before
unusual
English
lookat the
(1-7)listedinEx.2bbelowandunderline
staternents
thekeywords.
Inpairsthinkof synonyms/opposites
forthe
KEVWGTO5,

anddecide
Nowlisten
to therecording
whether
eachof thefollowing
statements
istrue(rJor false{FJ
accordin
to whatyouhear1 Scott-Betni*
leda lonelylfe.

2 ScottBetnirkhadeveryroornin hrs
painted
pink.
house
Whitaker
Wrightinvested
a lot of money
n n s frouse.

Theballraom
of W tleyParkisstillanuse.
havepccentri(
houses.
5 Onlyrrchpeople
glass.
y From
6 Eaqle
Rockisburltentire
7

n
Wortleychosehishomeaccording
Alexander
to h s political
beliefs.

mentioned
wouldvouliketo livein?
Which
of theolaces

uousetrold
items

A&B
' i.Students

Herearesomepictures
of household
items.
Talk
in pairsabouthowoftenyouuseeachone.
Thenchoose
thataresoimportant
three
that
havethem.
evervhomeshould

,4Fr *
a t l ta

D. Ut5fl.]55rne TO OWInO:

students
A&B

1 Whatdo yorrthrnkrfewouldbelikewrthoutmodern
appliances?
2 Hasmodern
terhnology
improved
ourlifestyle?
Inwhatways?

doingParts
to twostudents
3 and4 andassess
thernintermsof:
{ ,r Listen
.discourse
. pronunciation
. rnteraclffe commUnrCatton
grammar
andvocabulary
management

66

tr
tr

. Avoidinggivinga directanswer

Communication
. Makinga complaint

ReadtheexchanoE.
Whot5 tryingto avoid
givinga directanswer?

inthelist.Inpairs
a. Lookat thephrases
decide
whichareusedformildcomplaints
andwhich
for strong.

rcnlhaveyofirenl!
A: When
youabouttnat,
B: l'llhoverogetbockta

. There
to besomething
wfongwith...
seems
. lwantI repaired
assoonaspossible
' that'snotgoodenough
. l'dllketo brinqscmething
to yourattention
. Canyoudosomething
aboutlt?
. Whatareyougoingio doaboutit?

imagine
youarein thefollowing
b. In pairs,

situations.
Use
thesentences
intheboxto
avoidgivinga directanswer.
.

. thatsunacceptable
. I havea problem
yourmmediate
thatdemands
attentron

.
.

fromaboveto tompletethe
b. Usephrase:
landlords
andtenants.
dialogues
between
A: 1)
if I may.
B: Sure.
Whatisit?
l'vegot a problemn myflat.Thebathroorn
tap
isleaking
D: tse e .
A:
, please?
E: l'll seewhatI cando.
A OK,thanks.

Usefullanguage:
Avoiding
Eivinga dire(t
anSwer

.
.
.
.

,A: CouldI havea wordwithyou,please?

B : Certainly.
Whatisit?
Theradiator
in my bedroom
isn'tworkingand
r\
B: l'llhaveto getbackto youonthat.
A Well.l'fi sorry,
b'Jl4) ..
B: Alright.l'lIcomeandtakea lookat it now
A: That'smorelikeit Thankyou.

Inpairs,
dialogues
using
th
actoutsimilar
prompts.
. brokenlockcn frontdoor
. loose
tilesn bathroorn
nleaking
roof
. cracked
window

Youwantto knowwhEnsomerepairworkw ll be
completed
You want to know the cost of havrngdoubleglazrngfitted
yoirdon'tknawverywellwantsto move
someone
in withyou.

l'll haveto get barkto youon/about

that
I can'tgiveyouananswer
rightnow.
. I can'tsayfor certain
I'd rathernotsdy.
I'm not n a positionto ansrr'r'er
that.
. I'llletyouknow.
l'll haveto thinkaboutit.
. l'llseewhatI cando.
lt'sout of myhands
l'm a bit busyat themoment.

Everyday
English
. Omissions

a. In conversation,
speakers
oftenleaveoutpadj
of a sentence.
Inpairs,
writeoutthecofiplete
Sentences,
asintheexample.
Fancy
something
to eat?
Doyoufonrysomelhing
to eatl
Anynewsyet?.
you.
Mrss
Gotthetrme?
waitnglong?. .,...
]
Been
6 Betler
begorng
Need
a tund?.......
.'
Tlmefor bed

b- Nowmatchtheseresponses
to thequestionsi
statements
above,

Sorry
no.

fTE]Thisearly?

m Already?
m Ags

l ' l lmanag e .
Nothing.

ftr

Me,too.

trtdWhynot?

67

Reoding
- Part2

-Mr Wernmick's
(6
,,

Youwillreadanextract
fromCharles
Dickens'
6reot
youreadtheextract,
Expe.totioru.
Before
readthe
thequestions.
textbelowandanswer
Wemmick's
housewasa little w0odencoltageir the
CharlesDickeru (1812-18?0)
is the
middle of a large garden.The top of the househadbeen
gneatest English novelisl of the
built andpaintedlike a batteryloadedwith glns,I sardI
Vlctodar pefod. Great Er?ectetbng
reallyliked!.1.
l|trittm between I860-186I,is a raqsI think Wemmiek'shcusewas the tiniestI had ever
poor
boy, Phjlip
to-riches story oI a
andthedoorwasalmosl
seen.It hadveryfewwindows,
?ip' Purifl (the narrator), who
too smallto gel in.
sudder y comes mlo a forture and is
'Look,' said Wemmick,'after I have crossedthis
sent to London to be educeted as a
bridge,I raiseit so that nobodycanentcrthe Castle.'
gentlerner, Despite his good nature,
The'bridge'was
a plank,and it crossed
a gapabdut 10
Pip becomesa snob arLdis comrpted
four feet wide and two deep.But I enjoyedseeingthe
by his good lortune. He is imFressd
srnileon Wemmick'sfaceand the pride with which he
by the wrong people Jo,rthe wrong
reasons,ard he loses touch wilh his
hoistedhisbridge,Thegunon theroof of thehouse,be
honest, hErd-workinq friends, The story ends with Pip
told me,wasfired everynight at nine o'clock.I later
losing his wea.lthalld position |n society.
heardit. Admittedlv.it madean impressive
sound,
15
Mr llremrnick is a hunble, hoEesl hard-.fforking
'At the back,'he said,'therearefowlsandrabbits.
employee el Mr Jagger's law firnu which handles Pip's
I've alsogol my own little vegetablegarden,and I grow
E-fiairs.
In this extsac'tPip has been inviled to suppr end to
Wait until supperandyou'llseefor yourself
cucumbers,
neet the Aged Parentat Mr Wefiunick s hous.He
what kind of saladI can make.If the Castleis ever
yet,
l
hasnot
it seer s, becomea corruptsnob.,attacked,
I will be ableto holdout for quitea while,'he 20
Other works by Cbarles DickGnE:
saidwith a smile,but at thesametimeseriously.
Oliver lwist 083?-39), JVichoias Nicke.lly
FIeled me to a little leaf shelterwhichwasonly a
(I838-39),DauU CoppertreJd
(I849-50).
few metresaway,tlut the path that led to i! wasso
windingthat it tookus quitea whileto getthere.It was
werest oul. Our drinkof punch 25
herethat our glasses
1 Whatdoyouthinkisthemoralof GrcotE.Ypertddons?wascoolingin an ornameltalpond,on whosebankthe
givenhisnovelthistitle?
2 WhyhasDickens
shelterwasbuilt. The oondhad a small'island'in the
middle,whereWemmickhadbuilt a fountain.
'I am my ownengineer,
my owncarpenter,
my own
1 to 7 inEr(.
a. Lookquickly
at questions
3.What
plumberandmy owngardener.
I arnmyownJackof all
dovouthinkMrWemmick's
house
lookslike?

youranswers.
b. Skimtheextractandcheck

1-7,choose
Read
thetextandforquestions
the
(A,B,Cor E).Whichpartsof the
correct
answer
youdecide
texthelped
onyouranswefs?
Whatls Pip'sfirstimpression
of Wemmick's
house?
bythegarden.
A Hersimpfetsed
B Fldth nksthehouseis ridiculotrs
too smail.
C Hefindsthehouse
D Hereally
likesthe house.
WhyhadWemmick
builta bridqe?
A Fordecorative
reasons
B Tcdefendhishome
Pip
C Toimpress
D Tofeelsafefromburglars

68

Howdid Pipreactto the pondandthe fountain?

A HetoldWemmick
hellkedthem.
to saynothing.
B Hedecided
C Hethoughttheyweretoo eccentric,
D Headmredwemmickfor histaste.

Howdid FipfeelaboutmeetingWemmick's
relative?
withenthusiasm.
A Heagreed
B Hetriedto sayno.
C Hefelt extrenrely
embarrassed.
D Hedidn'treally
wantto.
Wemmitk's'collection
of curiosities'
manytemsobtained
A included
iltegally,
B wasa mixof interesting
smallitems.

Practice
Vocabulary
Trades,' said Wernmick, acknowledging my
compliments,"Well, it's a good thing, you know. II
pleasesthe Aged Parent-You wouldn't mind being
introducedto him,wouldyou?It wouldn'tbotheryou?'
I felt that I couldonly agree.Insiderwe founda vcry 35
old manin a flannelcoatsittingby a fire.He wasclean,
cheerfulandwell caredfor, bul almostcompletelydeafWe paid our respects and made some small
mehiscollection
Then.Wemmickshowed
conversation.
Theyweremostlyto do with beingon the 40
of curiosities.
wrorrgside of tbe law: a pen with whicfi a famous
forgeryhadbeencommitted,a coupJeof distinguished
fazors, some locks of hair, several manuscript
written from prison. These were nicely
confessions
and glass 45
spreadout amongsmallitemsof porceLain
and various little t}ings made by Wemmick himself.
Thevwereall in that roomof tlreCastlethal servednot
only as the sittingroom, but, judgingtocm a saucepan
on the hob,asthe kitchntoo.
We returned to the garden to drink our punch. 50
Wemmicktold me that it had takenhim manvvearsto
bringhlspropertyto lhis stateof perfeclion.
'Is it yourown,Mr. Wemmick?'
'Oh yes,I havegot a holdof it a bit at a time.I have
aDsoLute
55
ownersnrDnow.
'Do you indeed?I hopeMr- Jaggersadmiresit?'
'Neverseenit,' saidWemmick,'neverheardof it.
No; the officeis one thing,andprivatelife is another.
WbenI go to the offic, I leavethe Castlebehindme,
and when I come into the Castle.I leave the offirre 60
behindme. If you don't mlno. I o [Ke vou to oo me
same.I don't want t0 talk atlout mv home in a
professional
rnanaer.'

a. Matchthehighlighted
wordsin thpassage
below,
withtheirsynonyms
. context. withmanyplants. rased
r withmanytwistsandturns+decorative
. fut 5 i Survve
h

Read
thetextagain
andunderline
thewotds/
phrases
theauthor to describe
Wemmick's
house.
Usethewords/ohrases
to talkabout
Wemnick's
house.

TextAnalysis

phrases
ThefollowinE
aretakenfromthepassage.
Explain
theminyourownwords.
'. . you'llseeforyourself
I can
whatk nd of salad
make.'(lines1&19)
(lines30-31)
2 'l am rflyawn Jackof allTrades...'
3 '. . to bringhispropef-ty
to thisstateof perfection.'

(tines
5r-52)
+ 'WhenI goto theofflce.
behind
I leave
theCastle
me ...'{line59)

Lookatthissentence
fromthetext.Whyhasthe
writerplaced
theword'brldge'
inquotation
marks?
The'bridge'was
a plank,
a gapabout
andit crossed
fourfeetwideandt\,vodeep.{tines10.11)

Lookat thesetwostatements
in
andfindevidence
theextractto support
them.

Mr Wemmickk house-proud.
Hercfefitohhcottage
as'the(astle'...

Pipleelse litth uncomfortahte.

wasoI verynlqnvdlue.

rr onlyhadthinqs
madebyWenmr.k
o

Whatdo we understand
aboutWemmick's
homelife?
it.
A Hehasto tryhardto keeppeope frominvading
to himthanhiscareer.
B lt ismoreimportant
( Herarelyailowsworkto interfere
with t.
D lt hastakenhin'rmanyyearsto separate
it from
hiswork
Whatisthe writertryingto do in thisextractT
person
A ShowusthatPipisa good-natlred
house
B Narrate
Pp'svisitto Wemmick's
C Introduce
theAgedParent
ntotheplot
havegoodmanners
D ShowusthatPipdoesn't

rSCuS5ron
Inpaits,
disruss
thefollowingyoufeelproudof yourhome?
Whatmakes
Haveyou ever done any home improvernents?
What were they?Wereyou pleased
wrth the
results?
Why(not)?

Dickens
created9S9indivldual
during
characters
ntscaTeef,

D ckenspublshedGredtExpecfdtiofli
in hrsweeky
magazine,4ll
rheIecrfiound.

69

rffiq

.wl

uselheprompts
to askandanswer
Inpairs,
questions.
petfector thepast
Usethepresent
asappropriate.
simple

Present
Perfect
Reference
Grammar

Match
B.
Speaker
A to Speaker

Thelivingroom 100K5
nice

What'sthematter?
gfeatin
3 It smells
h e ret

Thatbrokefw ndow
isdangerous.
lsyourcooker
working
now?
6 I can'tfindmyblue
shirt,
7 Where's
thecat?
I There's
nomik left

a Oh,yes tvlydads
fxedit.
b l'vetoldthelandlord
aboutrt.
c l'veputit in the
washing
machinE.
d l'vetidiedup
e We'verunout
f I'vecut rTryse
f.
9 l'vemadsomething
special
fortonight.
h 'vetakenherto the

ever/be,/Germany?
A: Hdveyou
evetbeen
toGermany?
wentthere
twoyea$ago.
8: No,lhaven't.
/ Yes,I
FacinoT
z see/film/Al
fail/exam
?
3 ever/
jumptngT
.+ ever,fo
dNrungee
5 read/good
bookVately?

forsometime,What
Youhaven't$eenthesepeople
Complete
thesentences.
mightyou5ayto them?

grown.
"
A childwho is nowtaller''You've
... ."
2 A friendwho looksthinner"You've
e A friendwhosehairis d fferent."You've
... ."
.... "
hoursago."You've
A friendyouexpected
A friendwho saysanoiherfriendhasleft town.
has-..?"
"Where
I

VET

Howdotheydifferin
Compare
thesentences.
meaning?

,{ts\
.r$e.d

G f ammaReference
r

Inpairs,
usetheprornpts
belowandappropriate
questiont
to askandanswer
asin
timeexpressions
theexample.

I'vedonlotsof thingssin{eyesterday.
I didlotsof thingsyestprday.

b. Whichof thetimewordsbelowwouldyouuse
withthepastsimple
andwhichwiththepresent
perfct?
Usethemto makeyourownsentences.

Howlong.,,
.
.

. already
. ago. lastyear. formonths
. fo,ages. durng astsLrlmer's
hoidays
r yet r since
trmes
1996* sevefal
. ovelthepastfewweeksI ldtely
. before
n recentlv

perfect
Puttheverbs
in brackets
intothepresent
giving
reasons
foryourchoice.
orthepastsimple.
you?
Have
aA : l'venever
beento 6ermany.
(be)thereonce.
B: Yes,
| 1)................
butthat2)
b A: l1 )
Br Re ry.
a When2)

(be)a lonqtimeago
thatfi m before.
{see}
{be)that?

(not/call)meback.
B: That'5stTan Whattime2)
(you/leave)
I
tnp message

c A: Shestilltr)

(9o)out.l'mafrard,
d A : PctF 1l
B: Howonqisit s ncehe2) ...... .,.. ...(teave)?
e A: 1 1
B: No .and| 2)
A:

70

B:

t4)

(you/find)your keysyetT

(look)everywhere.
yourcoatpockets?
{you/try}
{look)therefirst.

PerfectContinuous
Present

usdpetsona
computer?
usdamobilphone?

current
address?
live^/our
nextdoorneigh
boursT
know/yorlr
bdsiftcey'redecorated?

cafiputell
A: Hawlonghaveyoubeenusing
aper5)nol
B: Forobout10- I2years,lthink

in Use- Part3
English

thesentences
usingthewordin bold.Use
Rewrite
betweentwo andfivewords.
My houseistoo smallto havea big party.
My house
nor
to havea big party.
2 We havenotsatinthegarden
sincelastsummer.
la5t

Thp

in the gardenwasJast5ummer

cameto vist a monthago

3 Mysister
Ir
$nce
mysistercameto visit.
4 Thelasttimehecaledmewasa monthago.
heard
himfora month.
I havenot got an answetyet.
ananswet
still

6 l h a ve only beento Parisonde

before.
time
Thisisonlythe

to Paris.
Hehasalwaysfounddecorating
easy
goo0
Hehasa ways
ng
oe|:orafl
E

n-UslC'na\ re
ln l! |S l n e S tr a n 0 e 5t

everheardI
strange lhave

before!
music
My shed s not big enouqhto
storemybike.
sm a ll
t4 yshed
rnybike.

are sharing
1 0 The same students
theflatthrsyear.
sharing
changed Thestudents
theflat
lastyear

Word formation; adlective

(1)
endings
Usetheendings
inthelist,and
changes
makeanyothernecessary
to formadje(tives
fromthenouns
andverbs.
r -able. -ical -anl r -enI . -rue
+ -en . -ous. ful . -ible
'10wood
fashio
n
'll courage
fashionable
L te uctanrc
12wonder
'13horror
l rma9rne
4 economy
14gold
5 independence 15prestige
6 lesrstance
16care
17possibil
ty
8 creale
18duration

t history

English
in Use- Part5
Fillthegapsin thetextwithwords
formedfromthewordsincapitals.
Thereisanexample
at the
(0).
beginning

Particularlyn teenagers'
rooms,iackof 0)storage
space
youapproach
awaysa problem.
an interior1)
Before
seef anyof thefollowing
2)
{theydon'tcomecheap),
quarters
can'naketour tFe.rage''\
hvrng
d httlemore3)
lf 4) ...... .. .. . smalobjects
arecluftering
the room,place'
shoeorqansersinslde
wardrobes.
awayscarves,
socks.
6)
elseyou needto store.7)
created
bypladnghook on doors.
Forstoring8)
wrdeooxe5that cdns l ideundera bed.
ql
instaled
, useyourwallslShelves
aregreatfor extraspace.ltemsthat l0)
clutter
tabletop
suchaskeysand paperworkcanbe secured
bulletin
board.

English
in Use- PartI
therightword(A,B,CorD)to filleachgap
10 Choose
youever0)considered
youcanlive0nlhe
Have
for a iobwhere
applying
'living
premises?
g00dbecause
youdon't
While
above
thesh0p'
1).......
sound
hav
t0 commule,
sucha srtuation
hasilsprcsand2|....,.,
Gillow,
. Bernadette
wholivesandworksat lghtham
Mote,a rnedieval
Nalional
Truslproperty,
admits
getting
lhatitcanbedifficult
3l ...-...
times.
some
4l ....,,,
t0,Asyoucome
"lltakes
inwithyoursupermarket
bags0nyourdayofl,youwalkthrough
t0get
showrooms
toyour5l
oncefound
a littleoldladyor mysofa.No6l.......
n0wmany
,'PRIVATE"
people
I I .... -- youhave
onthedoor,if it opens,
willopenit."However,
generally
she's
happy.
When
she8l ...,. theiobasmanager,
lhewhole
lamill/
herhusband
andtwochildren
in.Renting
home,
they
0!ttheir9l .......
- moved
11andnow10)- .....fromusingthegr0Jnds
havesettled
0nsummer
evenings
afler
gone.
thevisit0rs
have
feela ir/onderful
111.......
oFhistory
here,"
shesays.
"You
itls12).,....ageneral
management
forthe131
.,.....
"Altlrouqh
iob,I'mre$pon$ible
t0 dayfu ning0f lhepropedy:
lhe
thehouse
andgarden,
fie shopandtaro0m,
1{}.-..,, andthefinancial
administration.
h doesgiveus an opporlrniiy
h
place
c0mpletely
absorb
thescenery
andthepr0perty,
lt'sagorgeous
tobeandit's
pnvrlegc.
agreat
15).....,.
thedrawbacks,
I wouldn
t liketog0oack
t0thewayw
lived
before."
0 A consideredB
1 A should
B
2 A downs
I
a A f0r
B
4 A used
B
E A
r00ms
B
6 A p0rm
B
I
A directions B
I A IOOK
B
I A final
B
10 A rervard B
1l A t0ea
B
12 A basically B
13 A night
B
14 l
mell
B

l s A Spite

thouqht
might

lors
at
lell

pans
mar
labels
received
eafly

benelit
sese
truly
0ay

peopre

B Altrough

c
c

c
c
c

supp0se0
will
backs
tn

D assumed

D
D
D
D
0

rf/0uld

0
0
D
0
0
0
D

prevr0u$
t0ve
t0ne

c0ns

0n
Kn0!!n
lived
seclions
c quarIErs
c question
d0ubt
c messages D $gns
G agreed
D reacne0

last
c enjoy
G louch
c wholly
c week

c
c

siatl
However

corapletely
evenr|]g
roembers
Despite

71

ln manytypesof writing(e,9.lefterc,
rcpoft'ortrcletcolxposit,ont
etcj,
we oftenhaveto maksuggestion#recommendations
or giveadvice.

In suchpiecesof wr ting we alwayspresentthe problem,

then in
paragraphs
separate
supported
we writeour suggestlons
by reasons/
resufts.
oossible

Remember
thefollowrnE:
. Relevance
havea c earunderstanding
of theproblem
- always
so
thatthesuggestions/rpcom
mendations/advice
erepradical.
. Targetreaderand style - the style usedshouldalwaysbe
appropriate
to thereade(s)
andthetypeof writtng.
Organisation
Thentroduct
theptoblemGVcause(sVeffect(s).
on shouldmentjon
The ffrainbody shouldcontan sugge$ion(syrecomme
dation(sy
paragraphs
and the expeltedresultsof each
advicein separate
5i.l00est|on.

po ntsmenttoned
- Theconclusian
shouldsurlrnarise
in themain
body,encourage
the reade(s)to takeaction,etc.
. Linking- a varietyof constructions
shouldbe used,eg. - One
solutfon
is to ... - lf l wercyau,l wauld.. - Steps/fieosures
should
be
takento.. - (Joimng
o gym)wouldalsohelprc ... - 8ygoining
a gym)
youcauld/wor[d,
etc
Conditone andhvpathetical
sentenles
arealsDuseful
whilewe write
oursugqesron5,
eg.
gavernnent
wercIo .-. - Thlswould,/cauld,/miqht
- lf we/the
helpto . ..

1 Whatdo youhaveto wrtte?

L
Whoisthetargetreader?
3 Doesthe stye needto be formal

or informal?
Givereasons.
youmention
Should
thethingsthat
vourkeoaDouttne exnrotnna

5 Which suggestionsshould you

include
inthernainbody?HcA/i
rculd
youanange
themintoparagraphs?
6 How couldyou begrnand end
yourletter?

thernodel
Read
andreplace
the
words
andphrases
in boldwith
thefollowing:
inadditon . truly. useful
to beEin
with . lastly
dFcnitptha fr.i thef

youonthesuccess
congratulate
of
putfoF//ard
DearSirMadam,
I am writing to l) say how much I
njoyed
therecentIdealHomesErhibition

Understanding
the Rubric
1

and to 2) makeone or two suggestions

for

Readtherubricbelowandunderline
thekeyinformation.
Then
answer
thequestions
thatfollow.

s
s
s

Yourecently
went tc an exhibition
entitled'ldealHomes'.
You
en.loyed
the exhibition
andyou havesomesuggestions
on how
to makthe next one evenbetter.Readthe advertisement
for
youattended
andthenotesyoumade.Thenwrite
theexhibltion
a letlerto the organsrs,givlngyouropinionon whatyousaw
yoursuggestions
andmakLnq

ldealHomeEExhibifiion
Great!What
dbout
kikhens
ond
dining
rooms
l
Bothropm
ideasl

Ioo
expenstve
tor
mofi Peoptc

Comeand oee t,he laEcsEln deelansfor

mofumllvln6,
'lhere's so mtchto see xd h lnclufln4:
fuer 3OO ll,tlnaroom lAeas
. A. rffiqe ol sEylesfrom tnp da^lTtErs
r ft1yl;666en!6lly
-friendly ldcaa ir"" '
fhe daEethib year ie:

Fri. 16Lh,- 5un 18Eh.Mayer.... '

Elltfafoe f ee r-tl,.uu

72

Fantastic,
jut fto

rftention
of
garcen5!
/Vot/ong
enough!

Should
beat
leasta week!

nextyear,
3) FlFtly, the ideas for living rooms
were4) realtyimpressive.
PerhaFdin future
yeafs we could see a similaremphasis
placedon olher roomsin the house.One
suggesfion
wouldbe to featuremoreideas
for bathrooifls,and I am suremanyof your

visitorswouldwelcomeinspiringideasfor
KlrcnensaDqolnlns rooms_

Secondb,5) althougbthe ideas for

protecting
theenvironment
were,.erywell
presented,
I think it wouldbe a goodidea
to includea fatu.eaboutgardens,In rhis
way,peoplewouldbe ablto designtheir
outdoor areasin a way which actually
benefitsthe e viroflment.
6) Finelly, I recommend that you
extendthe durationof the exhibitionand
ceducethe cosrof the tickets.If you were
to remamopen for a minimum of one
weel! morepeoplewould be ableto visit
it. 7) ltrtst is more,if it wascheaper,theri
thiswouldattractmorevisitors.
I hope that you find tlte above
suggeshons
8) helpfulandI look fon*ard
to atlendmgnext year.

Yoursfaithlully,
+nnEmwr,
EmmaBrown

of
Usefullanguage:
Exprssing
the results
5uggestions

thewriter:
whre
b. Findexamnles
inthemodel
,l says
positive
thinqsabouttheexhibition
suggesflons.
2 maKeE

to/resulL
In
Tns wouldrrpanthavlpad
Asa result,.
of thiswouldbetolthat...
TheresulVeffect
would(beableto)
I thisway,we/you/people/erc
e./et.
lf . . , ivyoe/we/peop
':ould/would/mighvetc

\^iouldt]e
sayswhattheresulto[ thesesuggestions
input
on fromthe reading
4 rephrases
the informat
in herownwords.
l

all the notesshehas

Hasthe writerincluded
made?

morcextursions.
I thinkit wouldbeagoodideotoorganise
Theeffect
ofthiswould
betobreak
upthetem.

ofr

usefulLanguage
rnguage
in thbboxafldfind
odelin Ex.2a.
tanguage:
MaklngSuggestions/
L,setu|
Recommendations
+ gerund/that
I suggesvrecoffrrnend
I think it worjldbe a goodidea+ lo infinitive/if
Perhaps
we/youcould+ bdrelnfihitive
lf + simpleposr
lf we/youwereto + bde infinttive
wouldbdls + to inftnltivt
suggestionldea
One/Another

givenbelow,writefull
h. Using
theprompts
sentences,
asin theexamDle.
./threetinesa year
suggest
/ hold/ festival
d year.
t suggest
thatyouholdthefestivllthrcetimes
/glve/prizes
L
I think/ goodidea/ ask/ principa
Perhaps
/ have/ party/ schoolhall
/ wo'k/ betrer
4 lf / borgh[/ new( or-'lpurer
5 lf / were/ move/ desks/ havemotspace
/ pa'ents
/ seI ttckets/ Stude']ts
Arrothersuggestion

it would
brcakupthe
lf wewere
toorganise
norcex{utsions,
tetm.

theparagraph
belowandchoose
themost
a. Read
could
appropriate
words/phrases
in bold.Where
voureadthisextra(t?

Anothetdifiicultv that was mentionedin the repottwd-s

tAal visrtors to the schoo/ were having problems
I) findinglto lind pa*ing plac"-c,causingparenb to
wony ahoutthei children's
safetywhendroppingthem
off for school. One 2) waylsolution to so/ve tfiis
problem3) must/r*ouldbe to en/argethe existin8car
park This4) shouldlcouldeaily be doneby knacking
down the fence to the .ight of the school and
5) usin6/a use ihe nerghbouringland for parking.lf we
6) had/were to do thii, there wouldlhadbe much
more spaceand studentsand visitorsB) would be ahle
to/might comeandgo safely.

above
Underline
theSenrences
intheparagraph
aproblem;
which:moke
a suggestion;
hiqhlight
menuonmeexnefl.egresufi,

to suggest
lmagine
thatyouhavebeenasked
or college.
Matchthe
improvements
to yourschool
(a-0,Then
results
suggestions
to theexpected
{1-6}
fromtheusefullanguage
useappropriate
language
asintheexamples.
intheboxto makesentences,
Suggestions

more
[@ organise
excurStonS

seinthe
EE advert
newspaperS
thelightsn
IJI chanqe
recep$0n

fl
fl

club
startanEnglish
employ
onemore
teacher

lET-l usemorevide/DVD
tessons

Expected
results

a helppeoplewith
theanguage
D reduce
crowding
inclass
attractrnore
students
d break
upthe
terrn
morefun
clasEes
f b ghterfor
vtsttorS

paragraph
below
to writea similar
Usetheprompts
to theoneinEx5a.
Problem:

studpntnumbers
arefalling- school
mayhaveto close
Suggestion: Advertsewhatschooloffers- local
newspaper.
rado, poslels
result Morepeople
knowabouttheschoolExpected
attractnewstudents

Style

@/

A Yourbestfriendhaswrittento youaskng foryour

he is boredwith his roomand

advcebecause
y wantsto rnake
somechanEes.
desperate
Sometmesit is not appropr
ateto writeformally.
A letterto a friend,for example,
or an articlefor a
teenager's
magazine,
asksfor u:e of lessformal
language,
Phrases
whrchcouldbeusedforlessformal
wrting ncude:

informol lt wouldbeo goodideota pointyaurrcona

brighter
colour.

Togiveadvice/make
suggestions

article
Youhavebeenaskedto writea magazine
qivinqadviceto ioreiqners
who are consdertng

. Whydon'tyou/we...
. Wel/oucould...
. f I wereyo!,I'd. ..
. th nk it wouldbea goodideato ...
. Whynot ..

to lveinyourcountry
comlng
youto writeanessay
hasasked
saying
C Yourteacher
dealwith tne prooleTt
of
row youth nk u,eshor-ld
homelessness
in yourtown

Toexpress
the resultsof suggestions
Thenyou/wem ghVcould
Thiswoud rneanthat ..
Youmightflndthat...
Thatwa!i,...
Youneverknow,youmight

ThefoLlowing
aretooformalforthesituation
in
eachoneina
whicheachwaswritten.Re-write
fromabove
Useexpressions
and
less
formal
style.
changes,
make
anyothernecessary

has
D Youbelongto a sportsclubandthesecretary
dsked you to write a report,sayingwhat
improvements
cou[dbemade
to theclub's
facilities.

theRubric
2
understanding
underline
thekeywordsand
Read
therubric,
theouestions.
answer

lf it wasmydecision,
I wor.tld
attendtheparry.
possibilty
thatyou
Aftera l, thereisa distinct
rnightrneetnewfriends
2 Onesuggestron
wouldbe tof yorlto try to learna
lf youwereto do this,t would
foreignlanquaqe.
helpyouto obtan a bettercareer.
3 recommend
thatyoujoina gym.fu a resut, you
will get fit andprobably
startto feelmoreposrtive.
I thlnk t wouldbea goodideaif yrruwereto
telephone
h m.Thiswouldrpsultn anoppoftunity

s
*

o
a

Wrte your article.Youshouldwr te between

120and180words

lo disr-.r's
.ns ma-ter'or a qprondt ^ro
]

$wl

w.d

Brainstorrning
situations.
lmagine
thatyouareinthefollowing
are
Whatadvicelrecommendations/suggestions
in formal
appropriate?
Should
theybeexpressed
or
using
thewordsand
informal
language?
Inpairs,
phrases
youhaveleatned
inthisunit,decjde
what
tase.
vouvtrrll
writeineach

74

Youafea member
of a localyouthclubthatmay
haveto closedue to lackof funds.Theyouth
to writean
leaderhasaskedthe clubmembers
waysof raising
moneyto keep
afticlesuggesting
the youth club open.suitabeartideswill be
printedin thec ub'snextnewsetter

Howformaldoesyotf
Whoarethe targetreaders?
writ ng needto be?
Whatdo youhaveto write?

3 WhichoFthe folowrngsuggest
onscouldyou
make(/)?
! Buynewequipment
themonthy charge
to members
I tncrease
forhep
! tuk thelocalcouncil
else
! Opena newyouthclubsomewhere
localcompanies
forsponsorship
fl npproach
premses
[l Moveto cheaper
thatyoutickedabove,
4 Foreachof thesuggestions
resultwoud be.
saywhattheexpected
corldyouuseto introduce
5 Whatusefullanguage
andresults?
thesuggestioni

inEx.9.Think
to therubric
andsaywhichoneisa pooranswr
models
pairs.
andBbelow,
Read
A
a.
Work
in
10
aboutwhether:
in therubrc
ratches
thereadefsatientronI thewrlterfollowstheinstTuctrons
thp titleissuitable. the introduction
. thewflterparaphrases
aresuitabe
therubrc . thesugEestions
for the targetreader
the styleis appropriate

YOUTHCLUB
ISTHENORTHFIELDS
GOIHGTO CLOSEDUETO LACKOF
FUNDS?

HELPSAVEOUR
YOUTHCIUB

@
J

alinancial
crisis.
Asmost0fyouknow,
ourclubisfacing
In the presentfinancialclimate,manyclubsand H Theque$tion
isr whataTewe goingt0 d0 aboulit? The
to suwive.Sponsclubs.too, 0 s ggeslions
tuestruggling
businesses
may0rmaynotwort,butonethingisfor
below
dueto lackof funds.
arefaonedifficulties
F sure- if wedon'tactnow.we'llloseourclub,andthatis
The mainproblemseemsto be the rent that we
wants.
somehifg
thatnobody
pay for the club. It's over f5{Xl a month and that's
th
beag00dldeat0approach
First0l all,I thinkit would
just toomuchreally.Whataboutnrovingto cheaper
pelsuade
thecounclto
local
council
ffi help.
ll wec0uld
going.
prernises
- hasanyonethoughtof that?
t0keep
make
afinancial
c0ntribdion,
wew0uld
beable
Thevouthleaderhasmkedthe clubmembersto
for
we couldapplyt0 localcompanies
Secondly,
writean articlesuggestig waysof raisingmoneyto
thatwewould
0tf0rUemfree
sponsorship.
Thiswouldmean
keeptheyouthclubopen.
Asaresult,lhe
club
inretum
forasmalldonation.
adverlisiflg
I know that the club'snot Perfectbut we could
could
stay
open.
buysomenew equipmentand maybeevendecorate
fte
solufon
ist0increase
Finally,
if allthatfails,oneobvi0u$
it to makeit nicerfor all of usthaieach
fefsthatwepayformembership
0ltheclub.I suggest
I reallylike goingto the club and I know that
0f
lhen,lor a verysmallamount
0f uspaysf5 permonth.
mostof the othersdo aswell,socomeon - let'ssec
wewoL.ld
beableIo contnue
enjoying
alllte aclivines
money,
11wecando somelrungro save[thatfie cluboffers.
has been
to discuss
all thesuggestions
A meeting
Please
trytobefiere- it mightbeour
afianged
on4lhMarch.
lr.l

la$tchaflce!

A.
questions
ahoutmodel
thefollowing
b. Answer
money?
wap of raisinq
1 Hasthewritermentioned
hasthewriter
information
Whatirrelevant
included
in thrnainbody?

theuuestions.
ReadmodelBandanswer
Give
Whatstylehasthewriterused?
exarnp
e5.
thepointsinto
2 Howhasthewriterorganised
paragraphs?
opening
and
sutableslternalive
3 Suggest
closng paragraphs.
Howdoesthewriterintrodutehis
Replace
the
suggestions?
phrases
withother
approprtate
ones.
Howdoesthewriter
the
'Youneanyou
introduce
expected
resultfor
hadthls wrcckfor
20yearsand
eachsuggestion
he
neverhad a
Whatother
makes?
phrases
canhe use?

n themodelissuitableWhich
On[yoneparagraph
isit andhowcouldit beimprovedr
readionwill
4 Whatdo youthinkthetargetreadet's
be?Why?

'I've hadthls car

for 20yearsand
I've neverhada
Freck.'

75

11

thatfollow
thekeywordsand,foreachone,answer
theouestions
Underline
lookat eachof theruhrics
below"

a
o
I

froma penfriend
This rspartof a letteryouhavereceived

Eo visil;your coutrtryrt Lle end,of July for a ehorLholAay.I'd

My couainanAI are planning
likeyourraAticeabofi, the best way for uo to makevhe mosLof our flve ar aix dayt I'herewhercto qo, whaI.La eea and do, and so on.Tleaeewnt'eand,Eellfre whaYyou eu\4eofi.
Wrte yourletterto yourpenfriend.

a
a
I

Thecollege
magazine
has
to replace
rtssmallsnack
cafeteria.
hasdecided
barwitha larger
self-service
Yourcollege
to suggest
whichdishes
theythinkshould
invited
its readers
be incudedon the menu,aswellasotherchanges
yourSuggestion
making
rnoreiflviting
forthemagazine,
to students
Writeanarticle
whrch
wouldmaketheplace
foryorrcrrotces.
andgrving
reasons
Writeyourarticle.

o
a
a
a

trip to Londonaspartof a groupof younqpeople.

Thepersonorganising
the trip,
YoLlaregoingon a one-day
places
yourgroupmayliketo visitduringyourtrip. Readthe extract
MrsJones,
hassentycu a lst of interesting
ng which
fromthe listandthe notesyoumadeandusingthe rnformation.
writea letterto Mrslonessuggest
places
youthinkyoushouldvisit

of
varietY
'
i . ThankMre Jones Food
placezto vleiV
I

llarroda
aE1aoially
idea'
Shaga:Etea|

a
a
a

programme
hasasked
eacnstudnt
isgoingto takepaftin a student
exchange
nextmonth.Yourteacher
Yourciass
suggesting
activities
studentcando in theirfreeti rein your
to wdtea composition
whtchtheirforeignexchange
neghbourhood.
Writeyourcomposition.

Whatstyleasappropriate?
1 Whorsthetargetreader?
doyouneedto include?
Whatinformation
couldyoumake?
3 Whatsuggest
onvrecommendations
fromthesesuggestions?
4 Whatresults
wouldyouexpct

couldyou useto Intfodurethese

5 What phrass
andresults?
suggestions
yourpiece
of writing?
Howcouldyoubegln/end

'180words.
and
write
each
the
tasks
above
one
in
120
to
Choose
two
of
1Z

76

Fillin thecorre$wordderived
fromthewordin
bold.

Circle
thecorrect
resDonse.
R o ti cr

2
3

Shefelt miserable
and
with hernewjob.
SATISFIED
Themanager
her
asked
questions
VARY
aboutherquaificationsTohi: d sappointmenL,
IPt 'ealsFd
that hislanguage
skillswere
to thejob.
RELEVANT
.............
she
Theinterior
DESIGN
hiredwasfullof brightideas
Ben's
carwasoldand...
to buya newoneRELIABLE
so,hedecided
(E na|ifsJ

iscorrect,
Read
thesentences.
lf a sentence
Duta
tirk (,/).lf lt hasa wordthatshouldnotbethere,
writethiswordontheline.
oacKnaung
He coLloSttllrememrlet

10wdlkto school
e
Theyhadto sendeachmember
personal
copyof thereport.
3 fie couldn'tavoidfromhittingthetree
asth roadwassonarrow.
foran immediate
answer
Sheexpected
fromthe company.
5 Thebosswastedof so muchmoney
on advertising
15na*tJ

Communication
Complete
thedialogue.
.,.. howlcould
A: Anyl)
makesomeextramoney?
.... . ..... I'd
B. Here's
what2)
finda parttimejobforthesummer
.........
Ai Hmrn...I hadn't
3)
that.
Br LoDkat this ad here.They'relookinEfor a
. .. idealforyou.
4) ............
babysitter,

h a f,^ i n d

a Thisearly?
b 5orry,
no.
2 A : Comeon,Bob.T meforbed.
B : E A ready?
b No,l'mnot.
Whenwill yolrhavemyTVset ready?
fA:
B: a I'drathernat say.
b I can'tsayforcertain.
to bpsomethn9wrongwiththe
4 A: Thereseems
backdoor
B:
Sure,
What'iwrong?
What s it?
b Really?
5A i I don'tknowwhatto do aboutSam.
You'dbettPrtalk to him
B:
L.
Youmighthavea pornt.
E

fi rtdr*r,

Reading

aboutconserving
Youaregoingto readanarticle
Forquestions
1-7,choose
the
inthehome.
energy
A, B,( or D.
correct
answer
by residential
Thamountof eflergyconsumed
ls
buildings
A 45 million
tons
byindustry.
B 27%m6rethanthatconsumed
forglobal
warrning.
responsible
C mainly
by2010
D goingto bereduced
focused
on
makingthe lawshadpreviously
2 People
C ndustry
andtransport
A Europe
B residential
buildings. D private
houses
3 Blocking
up draughts
A r5ee5y.
B isexpensNe

planning
C requires
D isenergy
saving.

thatloft insulation
is
It is recommended
thick.
C madeof cellulose.
A 100mm
D fireproof.
B 200'l00mm
thick

Ai Oh ,n o l T hats5 ) .- ..- .........- ........... -. . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . ,5F ne

uselightbulbs
Accordingto the writer,we should
whichare
C standard.
A conventional.
(5 mq $l
D highenerqy.
B efficent-

our
Residentialbuildings are responsiblefor consuming
nVo oI the total amount of energr consumedwitlin
Europeandarethe biggestsourcof globalwarmingin ihe
world. This is a fact that has, until re.ccntly,been
i overlooked
by law-makentryingto reducegreenlousegas
who haveooncntrated
thefueffortson rndustry
emi*sions,
and translort- The EU has now issueda new directNe
which intends to cut carbon dioxide emissionsfrom
buildingsby 45 million tonsbefore2010.Thi$ meansthat
) eachof us cannowsavetheplanetfrom the cofitfortof our
owr nomes.
Thefust thiflgswe cando aresimpleandeasy.l#e can
lightsandmake
blockup draughts,switcholf rmnecssary
stuetapsarenot left running.The nextsteprequiresmore
i planningandsomgexpens.,
but aswellassavingenex5/,we
will alsosaveon bills.
Manyhomeshaveloft insdation,but it is rarelyenough.
Mostinsulationis 100m8thick but to betrulv effectivethe
recommended
thickne.ss
is 2(F300mm.Full tttsulationcan
havea dramaticeffecton energ/{orsurnption.It cansave
upto 25peroentonyourheatingbills.A varietyof materials
friendly
areavailable,but oneof the mostenvircnmefitally
recyclednewsprint
Lscellulosein the form of comptessed
whichhasbeenfireproofed.
We shouldr-lseeners/ efEcientljghl bulbs.Theseare
u$aUy expefisiveto buy but fnnsumelessthan haif the
energ'of standardbulbs.Also,thesebulbslastmuchlonger
thanconventionallight bulbsreducingthe consumption
of
rcsoluces.
Thermalsolarpanetsareveryefficient.Theyarecapable
of providingall the hot wateryou needevenin Britain's
climate.
panelscar befittedassolarroof tiles
Photovoltaic
or solarwindowsandare nowcapablof generathgaLrout

Whichsortof panelscanproduceelectricity?
A solarpanels
panes
B glass
C phot0votaicpanels
D thermalsolarpanels

half of an averagehome'selertricityneeds.A large

conse$atory
with lotsofglasspanelson thesouthside
of a buildirtgwill tap light andrtrarmthandreducethe
needfor lighting.
We caninstall a 'grey'waterrecyclingsystem,At
presentwaterusedto flushthe to etsis of the same
drinkablequalitythatcomesout of thetaps.Thisis ar 40
unnecessarywasts of energr used in water
purification.A grey watel rccycliflgsysteEcleans
water that has beenusedfor washingand sendsit
throughthe toilet qntem reducingthe use of clean
45
drinkingwaterNewbuildingscauincorporatefluch moreenersr
savitrgfeaturesrntheir design.Theycanhavea timber
structure, extensive insulation, electronic
environmenlal
controls,
tripleglazinga non-polluting
heatingsystemanda turf roof. However,it is howwe .ltl
deal with oul presenthomesthat will determine
It's do$nto
housing's
cortributionto globalwarming.
eachandeveryoneof us,sogetinsulatingl

Howcanindividuals
reduceglobalwarming?
house.
A Bybuying
a newenvironmentally
friendly
withenergy
fuatures.
B Bydesigning
newbuildings
savinq
C Bylnsuatingnewbuildrngs.
D Bymaking
changes
in ourcurrenthomes.
(14 rnnrkt)

Listening

abouta
'[) Youwillhearpartof aninterview
newkindof employment
agreement
called
'penonaf
hourscontracr.
Forquestions
1-10,
complete
withoneto thrEe
thesentences
wor$s.
A personal
hours
contraft
1
tnaTyou navew|In
youremployer
Thesystemoffersthe greatestpossib:le
deqree
of

It allstarted
thoughtof
whensmallcompanies
thesystem
in orderto get
3
to workfOrthem.
Ineyoevtseo
tnenewsvstm
asan
4
to moremoney.

gladly
Employees
inorderto
swaphighsalaries
------l
havemoreItI
overtheir
roulrne,
whoworkat homecanlcheatthe
People
COmpany
Decause
therr
ismeasured.

questions
the following
together.
11 Discuss

1 Whatarethe advantaEes
of owningyourhomeratherthan
renting
one?
2 Whatdoyoumissmostaboutyourhomewhenyou'reaway?
3 Wherein vourhomedovoufeelmostcomfortable?

Annesavsrnar tne npwslstemnascreaTeo

a
morerelaxed
7|
17
| in the
worKprace.

Scmepeopledon'taccepta personal
hours
contract
because
theylikeIO navea
I
Inther jobs.
Othersafe not offereda personal
hourscontract
al allbecause
theylackth e
9
whichtheywoud
need.

Peopie
workingfromhomehaleto be
disciplined.
haveclear
target-s
andbeskilled
at

(10 trttks)

Writing

12

Youareworkingon e Fummer
carnpforvisiting
students.
It start$nextweek.
.s$

is

a
a
I
a

Thegroupleaderhasaskedyouto writea reportabout

places
interesting
thesludents
canvisitin theareaduring
theirstay.Youshouldinclude
at leasttwo places
thatare
notsimply
for tourists.

Writeyourreportin 120-180
words.
(2l marhsl
(lotol = 100trorks)

10

Progress
Update
110fidtksl

Speaki
ng

Tick{/) theboxthatapplies
Howdo yourateyourprogress?
to you.
Excellent(looo OK Coulddo better

Students

in pairs.
Belowaresome
10 Work
photographs

house.
Talkto
of portsofo
eachotherabouttheusefulness
of each
one.The choos
wo of themwhich.in
youropinion,
areNOTabsolutely
necessary
fora modern
home.

Vocabulary
&
Gramrnar
Listening
Speak
ng
Reading
Writing

Communication

r
I
'

Howisthetitleof themcdulerelated
to theunits?
Aryor,a faqhion
victim?G vereasors.
Whatisyourfavoliritetypeof hollday?

n appearance
& charactef . holiday
objects&
modern
trends& fads
souveflrfi.
rnedia
srgns
fame
holiday
experiences
&
. lifestyles/famtlies
complaints
typesof holidays
typesof roads
travel& traveliers

askfor personal
views
r xpressfikevdislikes
gvereasons
. spreadnewYreact
to
newS
(omplain-criticiseapologise
complment
Interrupt
& encourage
response

relatedto:
. fashion
'

tfavet

articles,letters,
composttlons
aboutpro5

& consof anissue

(l)
narratives

il{

adjectives/adverbs
orderof adjectives
comparisons
modalverbs

Lead-in
a. Lookat

rne
prqturesHoware
rney
related
TO
thetitle?

b. Which
of
these
modern
trends
andfadsarerelatedto
thepictures?

.
.
.

soap
operas
chan stores
fastfood
Deaury
restaurants
treatments
realtty
shows
Du 0 gteairlnes
keeping
flt
creotI
cards
ren messagrng
shopprng
centres
muzaK
gossrp
celebrity
JU n m
K al
r graffrti
0esrgner
labes
plastic
surgery
a. Areanvof these
trends
panicularlypopular,mther
tn
unpoPutdl
fiorcot lessunknown
yourcountry?
b. Which
of thetrends
dovoufeel
positive,
nt
neqotiv
e, indiffere
about?
language
Usetheuseful
in
boxontherightto discuss
parrs.
A: Hawdoyoufeelaboutsoap
opens?
D. |'m not verykeenon ttern.Whot
annays
methe,flortii thattheyshow

averyunrealistic
wayaf life.

.
"

.
.

r
.

Askingfor personal
views
. How do yoll feelabout)
Whatdoyouthinkof ...?
. flow oo youlike. .?
Whattyouropinon of . ?
Expressing
likes
Expressing
dislikes
. l (absalutly)
I k l ndof l ik e. -.
hate/detst4oathdcan't
I reallylikellove
bear/.an't
stand. .
in
I'mrealy.&ery
fondofl keen . I'mnot(very)
keenon/interested
. ldon'tfancy. .
on/lnterested
n...
I find . . realy interesting/ . I flnd ratherboring,/dull/etc.
fascinating/
exciting.
Explaining
whatyoudon't[ike
Explaining
whatyoulike
aboutsth
methemost
aboutsth
Whatbothers/annoys
What likemosts ..
5 ..
I reallylke the\,!ay...
Whatgetsto meis..
Expressing
indifference
It doesn"tbothermeeitherway. . it'sOK/akight
I supposP.
r don'thavean oplnronon r
It doesn't
concern
me
ldon'tcare

giving
e people
theiropinions
on
)mEx-1b.Which
trends
arethev
talkingabout?
A:

BI

Paraph
rasethequotatrons
below.
Doyouagree
ordisag
ree?
in pairs.
Why(ftotl?Discuss
"lf you'renot in fashionyou'renobody"(LordChestedield)

onlythemodern
t hal evetbeccmesold-fash
ionedI'
"1t's
(Oscar
W ilde)

Inyouropinion,
whichaspect(s)
of modern
living
woulda person
fiomthe previous
centuryfindmostdifficultto gerused
to? Why?

83

reality
b. Which
areyoufamiliar
shows
within
yourcountry?
Doyouenjoywatching
anyof
them?
Why(not)?

- Part4
Reoding
TV?What
muchtimewatching
a. DoyousPend
everwatr.h?why?
programmes
do yollmostly/n
. soaps. quz Snows. realrySnOWS

. filrnsr carloons
documentaries
. newsbroadcasts
. chatshows
sitcoms
+sport. musc videos
drama
series

I'm a celebri$- getme

out of here!
ITV's show scored its hrghest
ratingslastrughtasalmost7 millionrrewersfunedin.
The stressof spendingnearlya weekin closecontact
with otherminorcelebrities
in almostconstantrainin
the Australianjungle is beginningto show,with
comedierrneRhonaCameronfailing out with almost
all thefellowparticioants10 Ratrngsroseto just overI million after L0pm asmore
viewerstunedin to seeUri Gellerbeingchosento
takethedailychallenge
of eating.woms!
In thisshow
rriewrs
voteto sendsomeonehomeeverythreedays,

a. Inyouropinion,
popular?
whyarereality
shows
Read
thelint paragraph
ofthearticle
andfindout,
b, Lcokat thesubheadings.
Inpairstryto guess
whateachreality
showisabout.
Scan
thetext
andcherkyouranswers.

B Big Brother
15
Big Brotheris a new seriesin
whichten volunteersspendup to
i
ltwo fironths in a house in an
environmentwhere everysingleactivityis monitored
on camera-Their lives are screened24 hours a day,
20 sevendays a week on the web, everyweekdayon
Channel4,with a finaleeachFridaywhereoneor two
participants,chosen by their housemates,are
ceremoniously
thrown out of the gameif they lose
\4ewers'votes.Their live.sand personalmoments
flecomethe propergof all!
The Big Brother formula includescamerawork,
video,chat-roomsto discussthe latest issuesand
updates Lhroughphonesand e-mail, Ir is set ro
becomethernostintenseliveerperience
everseenon
30 theweb.

84

C
ln

FameAcademy

Ints Danrcular snow tne

contestants
sins in order 10 be
allowedto stayin a mansion
whichisheavilyguarded,
working17-hourdays.Theluxuriousresidence
hosts 35
the BBC's new multi-millionpound show Fame
Academy
whichisthelatestin a waveof talentshows
that has floodedour screensin the last eighteen
months. The show features a group of hopeful
popstarsunder ihe watchful eye of TV cameras 40
aroundtheclock.Viewersvotefor onecontestant
to
rernainin the academy,while two qther contestants
th.enchoosewhichoneof tlre remainingcontestants
is
shownthedoor;

D
Survivor
45
Survivorbringsus reality TV with
particular.ly
som
weird
mntestants,one of n'hom was
caught smugglingmeat onto the island in his
clothing!In fac! out of thesirteenpeoplemarooned 50
on the SouthSeaislandcompeting
to win the prize
money,therewasn'toneyou wouldfeel completely
safesittinsnexttol
The programmeis aciualllall thebetterfor ir. Unless
thereis a suddenwaveagainstrealityTV, it shouldbe 55
a gleathit. With s*nopinghelicoptershotsandtimethe millionsspenton theseriesis
lapsephotography,
evident.The largebudget,however,mightnot be to
detractsfrom what
its advantageas the glossiness
showaboutlife on a desert 60
shouldbea down-to-earth
island,

1-12andunderline
thekey
thequestions
a, Read
in eachone-Inpairs,
tryto paraphrase
word(s)
the
them.Then,tryto guess
answers
to thequeSttons.
h

In whichshow(s)
seemto be
do somer-0|testants
particularly
strange?
0 D
haveto do disgusting
do contestants
1
thlngs?
aretheretwo setsof winners?
wrth
rsonecontestant
nowunpopular
3
theothers?
do contestants
sometirnes
breakthe
4
rues?
s rnoreymaded re(ty From
thepublic?5
bewatched24 houts
can.ontestants
6
7
a day?

Read
thetextandanswer
Remember
1-12.
Choose
that the textJ
thequestioEs
containsimllarries.Keep
(A-F),
fromtheshows
at the in mindthe keywordsin
Thereisanexample
me qusuons.
(0).
your
beginning Were
guesses
correct?

-. .nn-p<l:ntq I vp rn ctvlo t

doexperts
comment
on indivdua
performances?

'10

doesoneof thejudges
makesarcastic

.lI
comments?
isthestyleperhaps
unsutablefor this
kindot show?

Vocabularv
Practice
E
AmericanIdol
Thisshowis theUS reffiionof the
huge ljrltrsn TV hit, Pop Idol.
rr asjudge,
SimonCowell,in hisrole
hasbeenup to trisotd trictrs rvithcontertanlr,fellow
judgesand the show'sprcsenters.
Mr Nastyis a hit
with viewers after delightrngand horriflrng the
Americanorrblicwith hisironicsenseof humour.
havenowheenchosen,
Nineourof the tcn {inalists
leavingCowell,RandyJacksonand PaulaAbdul to
makethefinalchoicefor t}e tenthplaceby selecting
contestants,
A
unsuccessful
one of the twenty-onE
spokeswoman
for ITV saidAmericanldol underlined
the global appeal of big ente ain reftt events
combining the drama of live performancewith
interactiveparticrpation,

Popstars
F
Popstars rgturns to television
screenstonight, aiming to bring
fame to anothergroup of potentialstars.Tonight's
new Popstarsshow will begin the process of
hopefulyoungsters
narrowingdownrnorethan10,000
in ordeT lo createa boy-bandand girl-bandof ten
mernbers
each.Viewerswill thenvotefor fiveto leave
eachgroup,leavingtwo bandsthatwill raceto reach
numbero e in thcharts.
The showshouldprodltcehugeprofits throughthe
usualformula of tears,tempersand endlessputThe
downsfrom judges+orking in showbusiness.
producers
will be taking a shareof teiephonecall
votesandaresureto makeeven
charges
fromviewers'
andaibumsas
moremoneythroughthesaleof singtes
wellasmerchandising.

a. Explain
themeaning
of thewordsin bold,
thewordsand
b. Read
thetextandunderline
phrases
whicharerelated
to TV-Then,putthem
under
theheadrngs:
noun-verb- phruse
Findwordsin thetextthatmean:

(A)
1 sbfamous

(B)
2 peop[e
whosharea house
(C)
!
sbwhotakspartin a cornpetitron
4 obvious,
clear(D)
5 goodslinkedto a TVshow(F)

E.Whatnouns
b- Findtheadjedives
[nparagraph
by?Inpairs,
thinkofat least
aretheyfollowed
gowith.
oneHofenountheycould

Discussion
staternent
relatedto the
a. Howisthefollowing
text?
"ln the future,everuone
will be famousfor fifteen
AndyWorhol
minutes,"

participating
in a
b. Wouldyoueverconsider
realityshow?Why(not)?
C,

Inpairs
tryto comeupwithanideafora new
setting,
reality
show.
Decide
onthetheme,
prize,
rules,
contestants,
Alsothinkofa logo.

B5

a , Lookat piGures
I to 5 again
and,in pairs,
discu$$
theirstyle.YoucanureideasfromExs,1
and2 aswellasyourownideas.

Cross
outthewrongwords.Replace
themwiththe
correct
word.

3 iswell-dressed
nndhelooks
A: I thinkthemonin piclure
c001.

latest,chan$-ed,
hair
1 current,
model,showshot
2 magazine,
3 folow, begin,sit,start

vktimthot's
forswe.
B: That's
true,Heisnofd foshion

eachother'sstylebasedon
b. Inpairs,describe
yourappearances.

- Fame
$ rr,t.oir

Shedressed
in brightcolours
soasto be theentreof
piece/attention/one/focus.
? Scandatends to hit the roof/road/headlines/

newspaper
ona dai|y
basis.
3 Mostpeoplethesedaysderand betterqlaliV
productsand so will choosebrand/code/firsV
busine5s
ndmes.
4 My fi/stvieMirflpression/lookr'sight
of the new
soapoperawasthat it wasratherboting
Thereare somestylesthat seemto ast for ever,
while others are simply long-lived/well-tived/
quick-lived
short.lived/
frends
5 Somefilrr starswit do anyhingto be rintfiepublic
servrce/ltohvev/lnterest.

+
J

ltdoesn't
surprise
mel
Wel,youcannevet
tell!
Yor,'re
iokingt
Neverllivowl?
You'repulltng
mylegl

I
whoisgiving
a
conrcft
heren1-l't
matth!

B: Who?
A:

u2!

B: Na,teoily?

Appendix
2

we
1 | didn'texactly
taketo thenewstyleof uniform
hadto wearatthebank.
I foundtratherdLll.
for years,she
2 Havinghad the samehairutyle
de(ided
she'dgoneoff it andneeded
a changE.
3 | find it almostimpossible
to keepup with the
latestfashions
astheytendto betoo expensive.
4 Themini-skirt
is out thissummer,
butthe military
lookisdefin
rtelyin
5 Lynne
usedto lovejazzbutshel not realy into it
anymore
5 Theyweretakenabackbythenewsof thetragedy.

l r l d o n t b e h P vt!e
| . Howinte'stilg!

guus
You'never

PhrasalVerbs
}'

Explain
thephrasalverbs
in bold.

to newt
Reading
Givingnews
I
guess | . No,reallyt
YoJ'llnever
that ..
l .
Guess
what!..
| .
fvelustheardthe | .
mostintereiringL/ l.
exciting
news!
| .
youheard.,
?
Have

a tfeno

{hoosethecorrect
item,thenexplain
whatthey
mean.

piece
of newsyouheard/
Think
of aninteresting
readabout,andtellyourpartneraboutit.Study
boxandactoutdialogues,
as
theuseful
language
intheexample.

w ho
Well,l'veheard

fashion

...Will MikeBlaclGhaw
btheouewhowill put a stop
to thevariousproblems
thathavearisenitr thelastsi{
moflthsandbringtheclubbackinto thetopfiye...

(nonqfiq

ldioms& FixedPhrases

and
newspaper
excerpts
b. Read
thefollowing
theybelong
to.
decide
whichsections

B ... MarissaJohnsand SimonlJevanadually began

their muchdiscussed
relatiOnship
at a nightclubin
Venicelastyearduringfilrning...

sly e

r/

-\

What$ortof information
doyouexpectto find
sections?
Inwhich
inthefollowing
newspapet
about
to findgossip
wouldyouexpect
celebrities?
. opinion
r classified
ads. business
arts. society
. national
international
news. obituaries
news
. travel
. lifestyle
. sport. employment

worasoftenconfused

prepositions
"+
AoDendix
I

preposition.
Fillin theblank$
withthedppropriate
Then
. makesentences
aboutmodern
living.
1 to beaddicted
..........
3 popular
sth;2 crowded
sth;
...........
sth; 5to gossip ... ......
; 4 famous
6 to appeal.,,,, .,,sb, 7 .............fashion

87

ening- Part2
Listening

ening- Part1
Listening

talkingin eightdifferent
a. Youwilihearpeople
youlisten,readthrough
situations,
Before
dothe
questions
1-8.Whatinformation
giveyou?
question5
answers
andthepossible
t b.r Listen
the bestanswerA, Bor Cfor
andchoose

a. Youwillhearaninterview
witha journalist
on
you
theroleof women
inmodern
Before
Japan,
listen.
tryto decide
whether
thefollowing
are
youranwvers
trueor not.Then,
compare
witha
classmate.
r

Womenmay

display
before
or on tnerr
wedding
day.
Womenare
obliged
to
edrnthetea

1-8.Whichwords/phrases
helped
thequestions
youdecide?
l-isten
to thisteenager
talkingabouther
favourite
TVprogramme,
Whatdoesshe
parti(ularly
likeaboutit?
A themystery
andsuspense
B thefactthatit starsherfavoLrite
actor
C theinside
storvof thelivesof thench
Youhearthesetwo womenhavinga
conversation
on a bus.Wherearetheygoingin
the evening
afterwork?
A thecinema
B the bafik
c a localrestaurant

Listen
to thismantalkingto the receptionist
in
a healthclub.\{hat programme
hashefinally
chosen
to follow?
A keep-fit
swrrnmrng
C weightiftinq
Youhearsomeone
famousbeinginterviewed
on
the radio,Whyis sheoff io Milan?
A to attenda photosession
B to p eya partin a film
c to takepartin a fashion
show
Youoverhearthis (onveration in a caf6.What
hasoneof the girlsiustbought?
A a pairof gloves
B apairofglasses
C a pairof jeans
Listento thisTVprogramme
on teenage
attitudesto advertising.
Whatis David's
general
reaction?
A we coud survrve
wrthoutit
B advertising
isa necessary
evil
C we alwaysrelyon recommendations
fromothers
Listento thismantalkingto a colleague
in the
office.Whatlineof work is he in?
A the foodindustry
B thefashionndustry
c the enteftainmeflt
busrness
Youheara teenagef
chattingto an old friendWhatis hisopinionof tl^elocalshopping

ceremony.
.

Men areexpertedto babysit-

Menhave
to cooklunch
iorth+children,

i b.l Gothrouqh
thenolesandtryto predict
what
information
ismissing.
Nowlisten
andfor
questions
1.10,cohpletethenotes,
lvlodern
Japanese
womenaregenerally
obliged
to
followcustoms
and 1
isanacceptable
age

formarriaqe
thesedays.

There
aretlmes
when 5
possrb
arepardto f r d out iniormator aboure partlers.
willalteady
havebeentrainedin the
Manynewbrides
art of makingteaand 4
Someyouflgwomen.
however.
aretrained
inthese
trad;tions
at 5
Some.Japanese
wivesmightbeexpected
to
o
on publirtransport
fortheirhusbands.
(hildrenhavea 7
Japanese
trrought
to school
bytheir mothers.

people
Babysitters
arnot usuallyneededbymarried
rn
do not
Japanbecause
couples
I
losttheopportunity
Onetopfemalepolitician
to help
she
change
conditonsforwomenbecause
wa5I

generally
showgreat
TheJapanese
lowardsothers.
10

centre?
A t's excelent
( t'sthe n place

BB

B it'snottrendy

isiheroleof women
i your
c, Howsir,nilar
countryto that of womenin modernJapan?

Communication
. Makingand Responding
to Suggestions

rv programmes

Student
A

a. Lookat the two pirturesshowinqdifferent

typesofW programmes.
Compare
androntrast
thetwo pictures,
saying
whichismorepopular
withyoungpeople
andwhy,

a. Read
thedialogue
andunderiine
thephrases
usedto makeandrespond
to suggestions.
positively/
Whichonesareusedto respond
negativefy?
Givealternatives
A: WouldyouJketo go to thecinema
tonight?
B: Well,l'm notin themoodforwatchrng
a frlm.
go to that newThai
A: Tellyou
what,we couldalways
aestaurant
rntown.
B: Thatsounds
likea ooodrdeato me.

b, Usethephrases
in theboxto actoutsimilar
dialogues.
Youcanusethepromptsbelowas
wellasyourownideas.
B

qo to a concert
/ goto the theatre
go to a newclub,tgo to a cafd
watcha video/ piaya boardgame

b. Which
of thetwoprograflmes0oyou mostli
to watch?

$ lirestytes
Lookat ihetwo pictures
showing
different
lifestyles.
Compare
andconlrast
thetwo
pictures,
saying
whichwayof lifeyouthink
wouldbemoresatisfying.

Makingsuggestions
. Let's...,
shall
we? .
. Whydon'twe .7
. Doyouwant
.
to ..,?
. Wouldyou ike
.
.
to1

positivety
Resp6nding
That'sa verygood/great
deal/
Whata goodideaI
Thatsoundsikea good dea10

Givingahernatives
. Otherwse,we
.
could... instead.
. Tellyousomething/
what.we could
arwdys
...
. OK.howabout..

Responding
negatively
Notrealfy.No,
thnks.
ldon't
feellike...
Wel, I'mnotin thernoodfor...
Thatdoesn't
soundlke a good
ldea(to me).
Wel, l'm notthatkeenon ..
l'm notsuret I feelupto that

Student

m-o.

5ure,whynot?
Thal's
finebyme.

picture
d, Which
to yourideallifestyle?
iscloser
I

Everyday
English

i /l Listen
to twocandidates
doingthespeaking
tasksabove.
Which
of thefollowing
things
does
eachdo?
A
usesa varfetyof ldnguage
to

express
theiropinion/fee
lings
hesitates
too much
uses
a rangeof/different
linking
words
answers
onlytheflrstpartof
thequestion
describes
thepictures
in detail
rather
thancompares
them
uses
description/paraphrase
to avoidunknown
vocabuIary

. Complimenting

guess
Inpairs
andsaywhattheotherspeaker
says,
1 It really
suts you!
Youlookgreatin itl
3 Wow! Youlook

fantast
c!

4 I didn'trecognise
you!
5 GoshlThat'srealy
good!

A: HowrloyoulikemynewtapT
you!
8: ttrcallysuits

89

a Thear-tof pantomime
iswell-knowo
in Britain,

* Fart3
Reading

b Pantomime
isalsocalled'mifle'forshort.
c Pantorntme
is a traditlonassociated
wlth
Christmas.
d A pantomlme
isa cofiiicplaybased
on a true

a. Doyouremember
fairytalelines?
anyfamous
Canyou
guess
linescome
whichfairytalesthefollowing
from?

srory.

. LittleRedRiding
Hood. 5nowWhite
. AliBaba
andtheForty
Thieves
1 " Mirror,
of themall?"
mirroron thewall,who'sthefairest
"
'OpenSesanre!
5
'Whatbigteethyouhaveqrandmother!"

andthetitleof thetext,
b. Lookat thetwopirtures
Howaretheyrelated?

Howmuchdoyouknowaboutpantomime?
Read
the
(a-d)
sentences
and,in pairs,
decide
whichitems
aretrue.
quickly
youranswers.
Read
to check

Read
thetextandquickly
underline
the
sentence
orwords
thatbestsumupthemain
ideaof eachparagraph.

Read
thearticle
aboutpantomime.
Seven
paragraphs
havebeenremoved
fromit.
paragraph
Choose
themostsuitable
from
thelist(A-l)foreachpart(l-7)of thearticle.
is oneextraparagraph
There
whichyoudo
notneedto use.There
isanexamole
at the
(0).
baginning

Pantomime
has becomebig businessin the UK
Large
theatres
arein competition
witheachotherfor
thebestfairystoriesaswe asstarperformers
who
will helpbringin largecrowdsto coverexpenses.
Over the vears,it has combinedmanv different 10
features of theatre and so, in adapfing has
managed
to avoidextinction
of a kind.Thenovelty
aspectloo hasalwaysbeenimporlantlo its survival.
2

astraditional,
To be described
a pantomime
needs
to havea strongstory line and includeall the t . c
importantelemnts of 'good' battling against
'evil',with thegoodguyalwaysbeingthewinner.
Eventoday,the pantomime
'baddie'is alwaysthe
firstto comeon stagefromthe darkside,followed
by hiscompetitor,
the 'goodie'fromtherightside, 20
3

Thisform of comedytakesits namefroma device

that was carriedby a partomimecharacterand
usedasbotha weaponanda magicwand.lt made
noisewhenused,for exarnple
a loud'slapping'
by
the star comedian,in order to createa more 25
theatricaleffectwhenhittingfellowactofs.

f,

90

TheChristrnas
season
in theUKwouldbenothing
without the traditionaL
'Panto'.Thesefunnf
musicalplaysdatebackto the MiddleAgesand
are basedon a combinationof ltaliancomedv
andBritishMusicHall.

Pantomimenow had its first real star. The

elementsof comedy,songandslapstickthat have
become the basic ingredients of successful
pantomime
hadbeenestablished.
30

Despitethe generalcompetitionfrom other formsof

pantomime
enterlainment,
hassurvived
and
traditional
of live
a visitto a shownraybe a child'sfirstexperience
theatre.lf that experienceis magicalenough,it may
ln a worldwherechildren
leavea lastingimpression,
are surroundedby compuler games, videos and
couldwell change
television,
a visitto a pantomime
tlreirviewof theatre,
The most femousof those pantomirneclownswas
in 1800.
losephCrimaldi,makinghisfirstappearance
He hadsuchan effeston hisaudiences
thattheywould
leavethe theatresinginghissongs.
c Paniomimehasbeentriedabroad.lt hasprovedpopular
andSouthAfrica.
Australia
in countriessuchasCanada,
ln America, however, dris very British form of
lesssuccesslul.
entertainment
hasbeensomewhat
D The olher elenrentof panlomimeduringthe first and
secondworld wars wasr in contralt,the role of the
'principal'
ptsyedbya girl.Bythe1950s,
boytraditionally
lamousmaleactorsbeganptayingthe partfollowedby
pop starsuntilfinallyladiesbegan,onceagain,to return
to throle.Pantomime
hasalwaystendedto adaptto the
timesby takingon the 'popuiar'starsof thedayaswell
asotherfamousgroupsof performers,

E Traditional
pantomime,
in orderto remainpopular,had
to keep up-to-datewith eventsand new trends. In
oneof the mostpopularformsof
doingso,it remains
in thecountry.
entertainment
Song and danceare also importantto supportthe
traditiDnalplot, with influencesfrom ltaliancomedy
performingvarioussituationsto delight
andcharacters
audiencesThesecornic chasesand situatignshave
cometc be knownas'Slapstick'
cornedy.
C Crimaldialso
succeeded
in setting
up another
tradition.
Thetraditionof cross-dressing.
wheremenplayfemale
rolesandwomenolavnraleroles.trhiscomesfrom the
for
earlydaysof theatre,when it was not acceptable
womento becotneacttesses.
H Pantomimescan often run for six to eiehtweeks,This
obviouslyrneansthevprovidemuch-needed
orofitsior
theatresup anddownthe country.
Comedians,
singersanddancerspe#ormin hilariously
exa88eratedways, The showsare rTostiyaimed at
childrenandarebasedon popularlairystoriesandfolk
legends.The most popular stories tend to b
Cinderella,
Srowwhrte,Sleprng
Beauty
andAladdin.

Vocabulary
Practice
Anotherexampleof this role reversalis the allimportantpantomimedame,a comic old lady,
playedby a rflaleactor,whichwasa role created
duringthe Victorianera. Audienceslove seeing
playingthepart.Thedame
theirfavourite
comedian
Is warm and camic,but neverplaysdifty tricks.
Often the costumesare usedto good effect by
way.
copyingdifferentfashionsin anexaggerated

a. Explain
thewords
in bold.
b. Matchthewords.
Thenmakesentences.
B
folk
t-

live

lastrng
fellow
role
theatrica

Pantomime
of course,without
couldnot survive,
one particularchorus of dancers.Today,ior
reasonsof economy,the averagegroup can
numberbetweensixor ei8htdancers.
Somehave
dancerswith
as few as two or four professional
knownas'babes'.
'extratyoLrngsters
It is hopedthatthisuniquetradition
will continue
longintothe future,wlth actorsshouting."Oh no
it's not!"andchildrenin theaudience
responding
"Ofiyesit isl' asloudlvasever.

effect
acto15
tmpress|on
legends
business
reversa
I
performers

TextAnalysis

Lookat thesetwosentenres
takenfromthetext
andsaywhatisthemeaning
of'theatre'
ineachr

"... it hascombined
manydlfferentfeatures
of
theatre..." (linesl0-11)

" they would leavethe theatresinglnghrs

songs. " (paragraph
B)

Discussion

a, lsthereanysimilar
traditional
formof
entertainment
inyOurcountry?
Doyouenjoyit?Why{not)?
Discuss
inpairs.
b. In pairsactouta scene
froma pantomime.
The
guess
class
whichstoryit isfrom.

91

youactually
can'tbelieve
satforonehourthrough
thatboring/old/social
documentary
in town
4 Wehadlunchin a small/old/cosy.afc
3

Adjectives
- Adverbs
Grammar
Refe{ence

Underline
thecorrect
item,thenmarkthe
sentences
I(true)orF(false).
Well, another1) brighVbrightly,sunny day had
arrived
andDaniella
wa ted2) hopefully/hopeful
near
thefrontdoorlookingout of thewindowforanysign
of the 3) local/locallypostman.
All of a 4) sudden/
suddenly,
sheheardthesnepof theletterbox.
sheran
5) fasvfastlyto seewhathadbeendeliverd.
Shetore
. .. she
the envelope
open6) impatlenVimpatiently
couldnot believe
itl Shehadactualy beenaccepted
yl
into the FdmA';dde,,

1 AdJectives
aretypca y usedwithnouns.
2 Adrectives
can'rbe usedaftelverbs.
Adverbs
aremainlyusedafterverbs.
4 Alladverbs
endin -ly

Fillin thecorrect
formof theadverbs.
. hard/hardly
. Jate/latey
. deep/deeply
. high/hlghly
a Thechannel
keepupwlth
can........................
productron
costs.
b Sheworks
.. . ....... ...to meeth erdeadlnes.
flytoo
2a
Thohelicopter
couldn't

because
of theweather
recommended
b Theplayis
by
m05tcritics,
so it mustbe good
3
DLre to traffic problems,they arrived
at theart exhibition.
b TherehasbpenE lot of ralt aboutc.ashdiets
4a

Mine
rsoftenwork..............,......
unoergro{Jnd
ideashavealways
been
Jane's
influenced
bvfashion
andtrends

Complete
thesentences
usingthe adjectives
in the
listin thecorrect
form.
adverbial

Comparisons
+

Grammar
Reference

a. Fiilin theblanks,
asintheexamples.
She'samazrng!Ihe oider(old)she gets,fhrnore
)

(beautif
beduriful
ul)shebecomes.
(convenien
........
.........
:erd nge-rail:i:n't.....
rexrmessagrng
people
and.................
...{many}
thesedayr.
a'e rakng up gynnastics
Buynga houseInthrsareaistwi(e
(expensive)
.............
it usedto be.
(much)yougo to keepfit classes,
(good)theresults
willbe

theclass.
Make
twoassumptions
b. Lookaround
whoyouthiflkdosomething
aboutpeople
y at half as
lwiceasmuch/ftequently/reguld
yourand
oftenlqui.kly
etcasyou.Telltheclass
findoutif youwereright,
assumptions
I betfomqoesto thegymhalfasoftenosI do.
ln pairE,
{omplete
thesentences
using
Jooriuch
[a),aswellasyourowntdeas,

famousthat he can't oo anvwhere

wrthoutb erngfollowed
bypaparazzi.
we I knownstorvy'film
that evervone
has
heardof it.
goodreviews
rl-atI'mdyirgto seeit

ln pairs,compare
thethreefilmsinthepictures
or
Think
anyotherfilmsyouhaveseenrecently.
about:lengthsoundlspeciol
effec*,ptot,muslc
etc

. friendly. iovey . silly. lvs1t

1 Hebehaved
.. towardsus.
z Shehaddecorated
lhe roo.r .
3 I can'tstandit whenTVDreseterstalk
Thematchslarted

Puttheadiectives
order.
intothecorrect
He createssomeof the rnostexciting,/expensive/
originaldesigns.
2 Theendwallof the buildingwascoveredn old/
graffiti.
black/ugly

92

islongetthonHonyPofter.
TombRaider
spedol
effects
afa .
StarWa$hasthe?est

English
tn Use- Paft2

tn Use- Paft3
English
usingthe
Rewrite
thesentences
wod qiven.Usebetween
twoand
fivewords,
Thefood peopleeattoday s not
asgoodasit usedto be.
eat
People
do not

theyusedto.
(omputers
arehalfthe pricethey
werea fewyearsago.
to be ....
a5
Computers
used
theyarenow.
3 Cuttingdownon Foodrs nar0er
thanlthought
not
Cuttingdownon food is
Ithought.
4 Gettingfit will takp longerthan
youthink
get

You won't be able to

youth nk.
5 He ooksJustlikehedidfouryears
ago.
sarne Helooksexa(tly .. . ,.

fouryears
ago.
6 He couldn'tconcentrate
on the
fllm because
of thenoise.
It was

on
couldn'tconcentrate
the fllm.

Theadvertisements
we{e50 long
thattheytookup moretimethan
theactualprogrammel
such Theywere
. .,.they
took up moretime than
the actualprograrnme.

..rs\,
r*fd

Word Formation:adlectives
Usesuffixes
fromtheJistto formthe
Inpairs.
correct
adjective.
thinkof
withthese
otheradjectives
fonned
sulfixes.
.-al .-i;l r -95 r-g31 r-51

l child

2 convention
3 offce

4 America
., 5 Europe

5 emotion

10 Readthetextandfillinthewordwhich
fitsbest,Useonlvoneword.

Manyyoung:ters
0) /resedayseasil]devote
moretirneto theboxthanthey1) ...........,...to any
othrform of entertainment.Eachvear childra:
readlessand2) ................
andwatchtelevisron
rnorc
and more. In fact, a ty?ical child sits through an
average
of aboulfour hourso[ TV vte\tr,Ing
a) ..........
..
day.They spendmcre time on this fonn of entertairulent
playing
4) ...,...,....,...
theyspendtalkingto parenrs,
withfriends,attending
school
or readingbook.
Accordingto a recentstudy,sixty-twopercent5) ................
television
programrne$
containscenes
of violence.If wouldbe logicalthento assume
that
watchinga sleadyflow of violentimageson scf,een
cafinot6) ..,,..,,-.-.,...
seen
simplyas entenainmenr.
The brighrcolours,qurckrnovemelt\ard sudden
flasheswill alwalscapturea child'sattenlionand there are certaidy very
7) ,.,....,....,...
children
whofindtelevision
totallvuninterestins.
If welistento thefiperts,it seems
8) --..--..--...-..
viewinglargeamounts
of TV
violenc
doesnot necessarily
causea childto actin a violent9) .....,,,........
, bul
car leadto theviewthatviolencel0) .,.,,....-,.,,,.
life,as
acceptable
in eyeryday
we[ ll) .....--...-.....
creatnga fearof t]eingattacked
on d]esEeets.
Fossib]y
Wirh govemrnenrs
finally12)..............
measures
to inproverhe qualityof
children's
TV, parenlsmustnorubecomeawfiethat13),........,...,.,
manyhours
of viewingcar haveseriouseffects14)..,..-.....,,..
a cbild'sbehavior.u
andattitude.
Obvlou$ly,
tunuJlgoffthe set15)-.....,..-...--be f}lebestsolutionin theend.

English
in Use- Pan5
andlookcarefully
at eachline.lf a linet 5
11 Readthetextbelow
(/)

putati(k byit. lf it hasa wordwhichshouldnotEE

correct
there.
writethewordat theendof theline.

girlsPeoplewth
Anorexia
usualy occursnteenage
the llness 0
arefarextremely
frightened
of galningweightandbeievethey 00
arefat eventhoughtheyarenot,in fact,verythin.AnorexiE
ls
1
notjusta problemwiththe foodor we ght, it isan attemptto
z
problems.
usethosetwo aspects
to dealwith emotional
The
3
reason
whypeople
getanorexia
isnot beenknown.Theyrnay 4
believe
theywouldbethe happier
andmoresuccess|ul
if they 5
wereeventhin.Theywart every'tl'
ngin therrrive\to bepp"ecl.
goodstudents, 7
People
who havethisdisorder
theyareusually
lnvolved
in manyactivties.
Theyblamethemseh/es
if theirlrves
are I
flot perfect.
Thetreatment
of the il!ness
is hardlydifficut and
takestime Patients
mustwantto bechangeandffrusthavethe 1 0
suppo,tof familyandfriendsThemostimponant
thi g theycan 1 1
doto helpa person
wrthanorexia
isto lovethem.People
with 1 2
anorexia
seenlfeelsafe.secure
andcomfoftable
w th theirillness. 1 3
Therrbiggest
fearisgaining
weight,whichcanbeseenasa lossof '14
wholecontrol.
Theymayactually
denytheyhavea problem
at all. 1 5

fdr

93

.. Whenwewfiteabouttheprosandconsof anissue,
a topicfronropposingpointsof view,
we consider
outliningthe advantages
anddisadvantages.

Analysing
a discursive
composition

themodeiandfill inthegapswiththe
a. Read
linkers
appropriate
fromthelist.

+ In the firscparagraph
we ntroducethe topic.tfl
articesandcompositrons.
we mayuseanyof the
Folowingte.hniqusto makethe begrnning
r.nore
ntresting
to the reader:

. suchas . Inaddftion
. Another
fegative
effed
. Tobegin
with . 0ntheonehand . Asa result
. Ontheotherhand. Al th ngscons
deredr Fina
ly

to anirnag
naryscene
orsituation
- a reference
addressfng
the redderdirecty
- : rhotnr rtl rrrrp(tin n

- a quotatron
. Themainbodyusualyconsists
of two paragraphs.
Of-apresents
thepoints
fortheissue,
alongw th our
Theother presentsthe
or exarnples.
iustiflcations
pornts
r,vith
aEainst
theissue
supporting
sentences
. In the find paragraph
we qiveour opinionancl,ior
d
baancedsummaryof the topic To rnakethe
endingof the composition
moreefle{tive,
we can
useoneof thefollowing
lechniques:
opinion
- statea Fprscna
to consdr
something
- givethereader
question
- usea qlotatiofor rhetorical
(hink,etc)
Do not lnclude
opifiron
words(lbelieve,I
rn the ntfoourtoo of tne rnain Doqy of

cornpos
tions,reports
andarticles
Prosand cons can be found in anrcles,
composit
ons, repo[tsor letters.The stye of
wr tingisusuelly
semi-formal
or formal.

understanding
theRubric
ffi

Readthetubricbelow,
thenanswer
thequestions
thatfollow.

ffi Yourclasshesbeendong a proiecton the role

&
I
I
I
a
I

of computers
in modernsccretlAs partof this
project,
yourteacherhasaskedyou to writea
composrtion
w th thefollowing
t tle:
Computerc
hovebothpositive
andfteqotive
effettson
ourlives

I Whoisgdnqto readyourcomposition?
2 Whichstye of writngwillyouuse?
f-l quiteforma
E verynforma
chEtty
andcoloqural
ichof thefollowrng
3
co ld be incudedin
llornts
youressay?
Ick (/). Whch po nls areproSand
wh charecons?
Canyouadddnyotherideas?
makepeople
dependent
oTrthem
savespace
Save
time
canprovicie
entertainment
canmakemistakes
area source
of informat
on

tr

n
E
E
T
E

94

tr

Canyouimagine
lifewithout
computers?Whether In the
office. school or at home.
computershave hecDmean
indlsoensable
Dart of our
everydayexistence.Yet" have
the changes
theybroughtabout
reallvbeenfor the bettr.?
1'

benefitscf cofiouterscannotbe
d e n ie d . 2 l
tney save valuabletime and
nme-consuming
space.
tast<s,
3l
cnecking
bankaccounts.
cannowbe donein a matterof
minutesand large amountsof informationare
economicallV
storedon tiny disks_
4l
. with immediateaccessro the Internet.they
allowus to explorthe wofldfrom the comfortof our
hornes.5)
, we canatwavs
keepup-to-date
wtthglobal
andcurrent
issues.
6l ..-.......
provide
, computers
entertainment,
forinstance
games.
in theformof amusing
7) ,. .-.-.......,
...........,
therearealsodisadvantages
with the Computerage. ComputertechnologymAy
progress
rapidly,but machines
stillmakemistakes.
lt is
not unconrmonfor computersto suddenlvcrash.
deleting
wholefilesof essentiat
iaformation.
81....._.....
.. of computersis that peopleeasily
becomedependent
0n them.Howoftendo we hearof
youngsters
spending
all their free time in front of the
computerisolatlngthemselves
from otherpeoptetheir
ege?
9l .....-.................-.
to methat
, rt seems
computers
areadmirabl
toolstnat improvethe quatity
of llfe. but only when usedsensihlv.
No ftatter how
advanced
a machine
is, it canneverreplace
a human
belng.

Lookbackat themodelandanswerthe
followinq
ouestions.
Whatare the topicsentences
In the mainbody
paragraphs?
Underline
them and suggestother
onel.
appropriate
sentences?
Whatarethesuppofting
rsusedio starvendthe essay?
3 Whattechnique

afldending
withthe
c. Nowreplace
thebeginning
bestoptionfromtheonesbelow.

favourof payng in
1 Onpointof viewagainsUin
whatyouspend.
cashisthatyouknowexastly
a large numberof
2 Eventhough/Nonetheless
peoplehaveno realneedfor them, moreand
morepeople
arebuyinE
mobilephones
3 Manypeope feel/areegainft that hypermarkets
maketheirI veseasier.
4 Dspite/Besides,
olderpeoplphavea lot to offer

Beginnings
every
aspect
of ourlives
corputers
otganisirg
A lmagine

bycompute's?
B D0youlep.rhredteled

Endings

ro socery.
5 For example/Such
as, ycu can haveeverythrng
to yourhomewithoutwartingn endless
delvered
queueS

A Whatdoesthefutureholdfot us?
cando tile
oncesaid,"Onernachine
B fu ElbertHubbard
workof 50ordinary
men.Nomachrne
candotheworkof
anextraordinary
man'

oprnron
onthetopic?lsit
d. Whatisthewriter's
clearly
stated?
Howfar doyouagreewith his
points?

q
wc Li n ki ng
ideasshouldbe linkedwith
In a discursive
composilion,
Examples
of these
appropriate
linkingwordsandphrases,
include:
To list and add points:
with ...;
Firstly/ln
thefirstplacefiostart/begin
Secondly/ln
addition/Furthermore/Moreover,/Besides,..;
Thirdly/Finallyllast;
Lastbut not leasqetc
To introduceor list advantages:
ThefirsVmaidrrrost
importantadvantage
of ...j
of,.,;
One/Another/An
additionaladvantage
Onepointof viewin favourof ...; lt is oftensuttested/
believed/argued
that-..;
Some/Many
that ...;etc
peoplesuggesVfeel/argue

Tointroduceor list disadvantages:

Themain,/most
o{ -..;
importanldisadvantage/drawback
one/Another/An
effectof ...;
additioaal
disadvantagdnegative
OnepoinVargument
eic
a8ainst;
Tointroduceexample#reasons/results
r
for exampidinstance;
therefore;
suchas;like;in particuiar;
for thisreason;
because;
as;since;aJa result;etc
To show conlfa$tl
On the other hand;However;still; but; Nonetheless;

linking
Underline
thecorrect
word/phrase.

allthe
Lookbackat themodelin Ex,2aandreplace
linkino
wordswithalternatives
fromthebox.

vrainBodyParagraphs
to lts
a. Matcheachargument
aboutadvertising
points
corresponding
Which
are
iustification.
'for'andwhichare'against'?

creates
Jobs
can maKepeopledissatlsfied
whattheyalready
have
rncreass
rne wealtnot a coun v
causespeopteto placetoo much
importance
on mate al goods

a laxDaroon oooossotdcan0eu5e0
foressential
services
in society
manypeoplearewillingto worf(lonE
hourssotheycanaffordthegoodson offer
qhildren
of poorerparents
feelinferiorwhenthey
buythesame
thingsastheirclassmates
cannot
problem
whlchis
the unemployment
is reduced.

animportantadvantage
economy
for a countryS

the
word#phrases
to complete
h. Nowuselinking
mainbodyparagraphs
withthe
below
argumets andjustifications
from[x. 5a.
There
arecerlain
argurrrents
infavourof advertising.

Neverlhelessj
Although;Evenihough;Despit/In sPileoI
(thefactthat);etc

To introducea conclusion:
Inconclusion;
LasU
Toconclude,/sum
up;Allin alllFinally;
intoaccounV
All thingsconsidered;
Takingeveryihing
consideration;
etc

also
Howver,somepoplefeel that advertising
hasitsdrawbacks.

95

(A& B).Whichisthegood
a. Read
thetwo rnodels
modet?
Why?Tlck(/).

foreachset
topic5entence
Thinkof anappropriate
Eachsetdealswitha
of supporting
sentencesdifferenttooic"

E
E

ore dbfeto visit the

For example,
custolTers
onfinestore withouthsvingto leflvetheir h0Lt5e.
shoppf
An sdditional
of electronic
ng is
advantage
to our door.
thdt o00dsare delivered

tr therearesupportingsentences
Forearhpoint
E

presented
in the ldst
l-l thew'iters ooinroris onryexo'essed
pEraqrapn
of lirk rg wordsa Lsed
l-l a variety
beginntng
and
E thewriterhasusedan lnterestrng
endLng

of
rtu p4aindisadvantage

mobllephonesis that
they are expensive
to Hse.Aflothrpoij4tsgatng|
thenl is that they ffiight be harynfulto our hef,lth.

Read
then,in pairs,
thesetopicsentences,
thinkof
appropriate
senten(es.
supporting
It is suggested
that budgetairlneshavemany
advantdge5

2 However,
there are cefiaindisadvantages
to

junkmail.
receiving
3 Themaindisadvantaqe
of fastfood is that ;t is bad

foryourhetlth.
4 Onepointin favouro[ graffitiis that it allows
people
to express
theirartistic
ability.

2
underttunding
theRubric
Readthe rubricbelowandunderline
thekey
information.
thequestions
Thenanswer
that
follow.
YouhaveseenrnrSannouncemenr
in an [.nglish
languagemagazrne
forteenagers.

b.
,i

'i

We are loaking

thestyleisfairlyformal;noshortformsareused
theparagraphs
arewelldeveloped
foreachparagraph
therearecleartopicsentences

<E

Statistics
showthatmoreandmorepeopleareshopping
lit cardshavemanyadvantages,
t therearesomebadpoints,too.
Usingcreditcardsmakesour liveseasierifl manyRays**
p Creditcardsare intemationalandcanbs usedall overthe
world,whereveryou seethe logoon yourcard.I evenused
mine in Africa oncel I believethat the best thing about
wantoverthe phone
themis thatyoucanbuywhateveryou
or online.But you needto checkyour receiptsagajnstyour
monthlystatementbecausethey alwaysmake mistakes,
Somecreditcardsoffer extraE
suchasdiscountvouchersor
ajr miles,which is great.The only bad thing is that it's so
eary ra over-useyour creditcard.I've beenin debt fiore
thanonce.But i{ you'recarefulthere'$no problem.
So,for moslpeople,ihoppingoTrcredilis a blesring.

lherearevery
"Justputrt on mycreditcard:"lr seems
few peoplenowadayswho do not use this phraswhen
shopping.AJongwith the Intemet, mobile phonesand
eiectmnicmail. credit cards have beccmean essential
aspectof lnodernLiving-But havethyactuallymadeour
liveshetter?
There is no doubt rhat shoppingon credir has its
advantages.
Fintly,thereis nolongera needto carrymuch
cashwith you. As a result, you reducethe risk of losing

"'t;'
cJ'"t;''''&

what You thifik'

yourmoneyor hayingit stolen.An additional

advantage
of
credit cardsis that they are convnienl.In particular,
peoplewith little time to spareappreciate
the fact that
withoutleavinBtheir
theycan orderproductsor servics
homes.
However,lhe mosl imporlanldraqbackof creditcards

1 Whoareyourtargetreaders?

Whatstyleof writingshouldyouuse?Why?
forandagainst
3 Inpafrs,
thinkof points
creditcards.

Points
infavourofcreditcards Points
a06inst
rredittardj

is tbat they can easilybe misused.

For example,many
peoplespendmorethan tbeyoughtto andeon$equntly
in debt.Arother disadvantage
find themsalves
i$ the risk
of falling behind$ith pa!'mentsThis often resultsin an
increase
in thermo|lrt of intere$tyDuhaveto payAll in all, I think that credit cardsare a welcome,
practicaltool, though uot flee frorn risks.If we bear those
risksin mind, credit cardscan indeedbe a blessing-

96

youshould
avoidIna
b. Lookat thislistof things
Howmany
of t nese
forandagainst
essay.
A?Tick(/)
voufindin model
nionin thefirstparagraph
tr op
personal
example(s)
n shon
forms
tr onesentence
paragraphs
tr blind useof statistics

T
I

overgenerahsatlon
badlylaidoutcomPositlon

of
andending
thebeginning
c. Nowrewrite
way.
modelA in anappropriate
I again.
Whichof
of lVlodel
d. Lookat theending
quotations
couldbeusedto end
thefollowing
ending,
usingoneof
Writeanother
themodel?
theseouotations.

d\
q"/

1 Whoisqoingto readthe etter?

youuseforyourletter?
2 Whatstyleshould
yourletter?
3 Howwil youbegin/end
ln yourletterlIn
Whichpointsshoud you include
whichparagraphs?

and
contains
manyerrors
1 1 Thernodelbelow
Think
f,orre{t
theunderlined
mistakes.
weaknesses,
ahout:
.
.
.
.
.

unnecessary
word
mlssing
word
language
tooformal
wfonE
rense
prob
punctuation
em

. wronqpreposltlon
r incorrect
5alutatton
o wrongI nkngword
e pointmlssing

De!:n bgJ,
Hi

hour lr jre

-tnu

lftett !

!q!e!!_EJp!!-b!!@:I

Tobecleverencughtn gel.all that monegonemusi

bestupidenoughto wantii. (C,X.Chesterton)

u,otrldlterehy.lifuJLiJifu!.ry-Jot!
dholn ,e hatelfbt'

If you canactuallycountyour moneyJthenyou're

notreallya richman.(J-P.Getty)

thats il is coffilafiuble fl1t(! lluiuri(,us. SuLh .ts.

the.e! +1ltifi|l7htqftoel awl a stntna Anatherpoint
i Jar.otLr.lo thr hulFl rs !h(tt tl"(r hflveLgpplLpt .ces.

An ouuceof preventionis worth a pourd of cure.

(HenrydeBracton)

I'hercic ertsua spcci l di5-calrntin eL!:l! tuid E!+.

Hozlvver.this llatel also ltts santecltnuhacfu;.1he
nl in poinl aqfiirct it.i7 is ltrJaIthe lou ion is tatlter
aut oJ the tua.\,.As t;r rcsult. -yrurr tutcle utill fi45 to
tualk ahotl .fi,fteen. ntit'tutes Io the ne1rcsl bL|:j
stdtiotr.Alnthct' dis.tdv ntage ls thal can h dillicltlt
to fil'td t'()onn,so wur unck: ttill ltave to [J()oken ,t,.
All in all, ahhaugh,t [u4t -belitvethe wrestitr
Hatel is {.r Boo{l cholce, artr} you. ctttt saJbl.l'
reconzntendit lo lDur rulcle.Ittfornt hint tl: t hc catr
lp h(nh di'ect\, kee rltnnller a! lhe h1ttont). or iJ-t'ott
untt nte to do lt _ittstlct nft knoll0| looEJdrx d lE
he&rirryJ'mn .yo'ttaganr.

IrrorCorrection

that
1 0 Readtherubric,thenanswertheguestrons
follow.
t*

&

a
t

a
a

An uncleof Ken,your Brtishpen friend,s

planning
to vsit yourclty.Kenhaswlittento
you,askng youto suqqest
a hotelin thiscityfor
hisuncle

Youhavefoundthe followng h0tel.Usingyour

notesbelow,writea letterto Ken,tellng h m
of thlshotel.
abouttheooodandbadtroints

lLt1.cle.
I rtJd aJle,the \,Y/estin
HolcL bt tllerc dIrc
Jtot.u"
gaod and bad poil s.
som.e
Ane of t|:e rurn atlva l.fter abottr lhis hulel is

Yourssincerell,
-loe

a
. hl{tttiolls- '

Iocaionbitoldof
he wq ' tltdtefnr

&
saunu
indoot fifififlit1g

poot!

bookeaiY

Mar:h

97

thekeywords
thequestions
thatfollow,
and,foreachone,answer
12 Lookat thewritingtasksbelowunderline
i

advertisement:
Youhaveiustseenthefollowinq

Ifie effectsof mobilephoneson our liyesgiveusvourviewson boththe goodandbads,des.

Weerc looklngfor Tnorf,rticjes on tfi ls sulJjedand we
wlll Dubllshsomeof ffie beit ar|ciesfiert rnontn.

Writeyourarticlefor the mdqdTine.

E

discussion
onthefollowing
question:
Youhavehada class

prosandcansofkeeping
WhaL
orcthe
fit?

youropinionhasaskedyouto writea composition

Nowyourteacher
including
on thisquestion,
a
I

isthinking
youto tell
Nida,yourfriendfromCanada,
of coming
to yoLrr
country
in orderto study.
Shehasasked
ty students
her
herwhat ifeislikefor univers
inyourcity.Usingyournotesbelow,writea letterto Hilda,informing
of theorosandcons.

b*e
GootlWfuns
sludEntsportsccntrewith special
discounrs
IIfitemel cafi
.
iilI l{e -+ opportuniryto meapople

ftom all overthcworld

Bad painb
ffi is apensive--+sUdentrcntshM
hs of mfit --+noisy,
y aroml
especi&
unive$ity
catnry

Whatdovouhaveto write?
whatstyleisappropriaie?
2 who isthetargetreader?
5
e wayto begin/end?
Whatworrldbea suitab
in theman body?
Howmanypoints
willyou nclude
I

tJ

98

will you givefor eachof

WhichreasonVexamples
thesepoints?
wordsandphrases
coud youuse?
Whichlinking

youhavelearned
Youshould
inthisunit,writeonecfthetasks
writebetween
120
Using
thelnformation
above.
and180words.

Lead-in
Together
with a partnerr
howyou
brieflydiscuss
feelaboutholidays.
Yourpartner
caneither:
. inte/rupt
to express
his/her
opinion
. encourageyou
ro saymore
Usetheuseful
lanouaoe
box.

Name
thetypesof holidays
ineachpicture,
Which
oneappeals
to youmostandwhy?
goingcamplng
I enjoy
becausp
I liketobeclose
tonature.

t r- ) Youwillhearthreepeopletalkingabouttheir
holidays.
Match
thespeakers
to theholidays.
Which
youdecide?
wordshelped

safari
trcpical
island
mountain
village

a. Matchthewordsto formcompound
nouns.

Speaker
1
Speaker
2
Speaker
3

B
projecr
eco-toufl5m
Iravel

holiday
travelling
departure
seaslde
remore
toulst
travellert

comPanron
flrght
romance
attraction
cheqUeS

brochure
|ounge
resort
aa

nouns
to make
b. Usefourof thecomoound
of holidays,
sntences
aboutdifferent
aspects
Charter
flights
arcquite
che^p.

Interuupting I
I'msorry
to interrupt,
but...
|
Couldljustsay
I
something
|
lf l(ouldJuqtadd
I
something
ro that
I
I seewhatyoumean,
but...
Yes.but...

.
.
.

'

Encouraging
Whydo youthinkthat?
yo,rsay
Whatmakes
thdt?
Canyougfvemean
example
ot whatyou
nean?
Couldyoubemore
specific?
I don'tquiteunderstand
whatyoumeanby ...

A: lfyouaskne,charter
tearry
fligh6orecneop,
inconvenient.
yousoythot?
8: Whatmakes
wel!,thefJighttimesarcusually
in theniddleof the
ntgnt.

Paraphrase
thefoJlowing
Whichonedo
statements.
youagree
with?Why?Disruss.
When we travel we learnaboutourselvesas
well asthe places
we visit.
Homeis wherethe hearlis"

99

responsibly
behave
in
l-lowcantourists
theyvisit?Discuss.
theplaces
A: Tome,theyshouldnot drop litterond
nokesuretheyleavetheplaceexactly
os
theyfoundit.

B: Yes,
thE thauld
resrydthehsutrcundings
andtake
good
afthen.
care

a. Read
Why
thetitleof thearticle.
doesthewriterdescribe
theholidays
as"guilt-free"?
Skimthetextand
check.
b. Read
questions
1-14andunderline
thekeywordsin eachone.In parrs
try to paraphrase
them,thentryto
quessme answers
ro tne ouesflons.

Read
thetextandanswer
the
questions
1-14.
Choose
fromthe
texts(A-D).
Wereyourguesses
correct?
Inwhicharea(s):
. dolocalpeople
and
travelcornpanres
agree? OE
wi la newplanspoithe
v ew froma well known
spot?
canyouseesometnlng
usedfor a different

envbonmetxt
benfi.trand uavellt
back'to theplacestheyvisit.Perh
has anivednt trnst.Let's look a! faur vety different eto-toui4
projectsfrom around.theglabe-

A,Slnklng a Warship
A groupin Englandis planning
to sink a retired warship in
order ttl use it as an artificial
diving recf. lhey plan to rrnk

5 rfle snlD off tne Lomrsn coasl

andhopethc projectwill generare
ten million noundsa vear for the
local economy by attracting diving
enthusiasts.
-tu Lt rs lleireved dral lhe rcef will encourageeco-rourismthrough
diviry, aswell asbelpprotectfishstocksandmarinelife in general
Thesunlcen
shipwouldattractdiversfromacross
Europeandthere
will befacilitiesfor abie-bodied
anddisabled
divers.
The groupis appealing
to similarorganisations
in the hopethat
15 theywil! heipthem,not only financiallybut alsoby sharingtheir
knowledge
on suchprojects.
The schemewould be the first for Britairr.Other countrie
including Amerjca and Australia alreadyhave afil-frcialreefs
createdfrom redundantships,and the response
trom diving
20 enthusiasts
hassofar provedamazing.

I Hippies Go Home

-]

cdnyou tveasthenatives
do?
3
wasthe projectsetLrp
because
of a financial
criss?
4
hasthegovernment
agred
to thepldn?
5...
aretheredrfferent
opinions
on whatshould
oe 00ne'

lJ

.-tu
.:

do theauthoritres
want
to eRaourage
wealther
tour,sts?
8.....
w ll futureplansbenefta
groupoI tourists?
certain
9.....
isthegrouplooking
for
assistance
wfththe
prolect?
10.....
willtouriitshavethe
oppo(unityto seew d
anmals?
11 1?
canyoufinda veryeasygorngatmosphsrp? 1 3
aretheytryinqto rnake
I fe easier
fof toursts? 14....

00

Goa's Anjuna [reachis a place which symbolisesthe carefree

hippie lifesryle.It is a placewherelow budgettouristsgo when
theyhaverun out of money.At lhe weeklymarket,travellerstry
guitars and even their clothes
to sell their camerastcassettes,
25 However,it mav soon all be overbecausethe locat autborities
have announcedthat they \ranl 10 oiscouragetourists who llsit
the areaon $hoe$tring
budgets.
I-ocalresidentsdo not entirelyagree.Althoughtheywouldlike to
seebetter-off touristsin Goa, theydo not think it wiseto turn
30 away the budget travellers. r {Junsr orgarusattonswant 1.0
concentrate
on eco-tourismand plan to organisejunglesafaris
becausethey believe.such projects will attract up-marke
travellers-Both the fcsidentsandthe travelorganisations
feel thal
it is not sensibleto snub the touriststhey alreadyhavein an
35 attenptto athactnrorewealthyvisilors.

Practice
Vocabulary
Findfrvewordsin theartrcle
whirhare
geographical
featutes.
AreLhele
anysuch
(e.g.
in yourcountry?
features
reet)

b. Findwords/phrases
in thetextwhichmean:
notnalural(A)
(A)
2 to produce
5
to putoff (B)
(B)
4 to insultor ignore
untouched,
clean(C)
pro,/ided
I,ohelplvrL\hvrnq
6 servlces
cold:tions
and
I

G Inca Gable Gar

Ihe lnca peoplebuilt MachuPicchuhighup in the
because
the areawassoremote.Now these
mountains
prislinernountainswiil be changedfcreverby Swiss
engineering.
A Swisscompanyplansto build a cable
:ar to lift visitors500muo into the mountains.This
meansthat travellerswill no Ioncer have to trek for
dals along the Inca Trail Lo samplethe lnagicof
MachuPicchu.
Opponentstc theschemealguethat the cablecarwill be
gisibleftom the site'sfanous SunTemple.Thereis a-lso
tourismwill benefit
a widerconcernlhat big b,rsiness
fromthe scheme,
whilelocalinhabitantswhoearnlittle
monevrom touflsmwut nor.
UNESCOwould like to seethe developmentof ecotour,ismrather thar rnasstourism in the area"The
Peruviangoveff,menton the other handsupportsthe
rable car scheme,sayingthat it will allow it to go
ahead.and it will see that the characterof Machu
Picchuis presewed.

prolrems(D)
financial
c, Explain
themeaning
of thewordsandDhrases

in bold.
Findtheopposites
of thefollowing
w ordstaken
fromthetext,
protect
sink(aship). raise;
Z attract
,I
(tourists)
r
, 4 ow-budget
preserve
(character)
=
;6 sensible
.
; 7 retired

TextAnalvsis

Lookat thephrases
takenfrornthetext andexplain
whattheymeanin yourownwor05" . theresponse
fromdiving
enthusrasts
hassofar
'' (linesl9^?0)
pfovedamazing.
7 "...thevwouldliketo seebetter-off
in 6oa
tourists
(.lines
28-29)
it's not sensible
to snubthe touriststhey
already
have. ." (line34)
4 "...it willseethatthecharacter
is
of MachuPicchu
preserved
" (tines53-54)
"Tourlsts
will be invitadto livethe AfricanV llage
ExperiEnce.
" (tines67-68)

D African
Vlllage

Experience
An eco-tourism
projectwith a
Cilferencehas.irst
heenlaunchedm
theSouthLuangwa
NationalParkin
Zambia, ounsIS ilt be offered the charrceto
Encounler a \,!'rderanse $I wrldlile ano a sleal oedl

more.Thibprojecrwasset up by the localvillagerswho

were suffering from a downturn in the national
economvto
Thev decideillo raisemonevLhembelves
coverthe costof educationalandwelfareDroiects.
Iourists will be inviled to live the Afican tr4llnge
Experienre.The tours are led by Eng.lishspeaking
rillagers,andvisitorscanchoosefrom activitiessuchas
meetingthe local healerto takingparr in cookingor
tarmrng.Visitorsarealsoofferedthe optionof staying
lhe night in the village. What's more, they are
encouraged
to join in all the local traditions,suchas
usingthe left handto eat with andeatingin separate
Cinirreareasfor malesandI'emales.

tScuSston
a, l\4ake
asentence
summary
foreachpart(A-D)of
thetext.
b. Doyouthinktheprojecu
willbesuccessful?
Why?Whynot?

Inpairs,
namethreeof themostimportant
historical
sites/buildings
in yourcountryWhatdo
vouknowaboutthem?
Discuss,

101

4 Gettingaround
l
a. Puttheverhsin boldintothe
correctboxes
to the
according
stageof ajourneytheyare
associated
with.
Wewerehglslgpin a traffc jam
Therewasno directtrainso we
hadto gptla Birmingham.
WestDpped
to havea picnic
en{oute.
'll beat thestaton to seevouoff,
We'llhaveto getgoingif wewant
to rceghBristolby6pm.
We passedthrouqhsomelovely
countryside
ontheway.
Weboarded
the trainin Parls
and
got off ln London.
We set off very earlyin the
mornnd andheadadfor Rome.
beginning

during

eno

.
.
.

Persuading
Surelythe mostsensible
thingwouldbe . .
I really
thinkit wouldbea
pit yi lwe drdnt . .
lt'5vital/iToo'tant
that .
I realythi'rk,,,,re
s|ould..

Disagreeing
I Agreeing
| . Youareprobaby I r t! no good/no
right.
us e- . .
l. Letsdothat! l. lcan'tseether'
anypont In...
| . T l-arl sa
wonderfrldea | . Noway'
I
aways. .
[ . Wecor.rlo

A Ircollyrhinkwe
should
foke
thecamen
withus.
I Thotisawonderful
I'msure
we'llwanttotakelotsaf nictutes.
idea.

b. Usetheverbs
to complete
the
captain's
lo9.Canyouputa dale
onit?

4/5

gns
a. Where
mightyouseethese
5ign5?
Whatdothevmean?

l) ,....,
Apri, 19...
5et aal from SotnnarnpLonthig
mornin1an our maidenvoyaqe.luge
crowdswerel*,ereno 4 ,,..,..,. ,..,...u5
We will stop rt t:hflrbourq,
France
4)
Ho?eIo 5)
New York nxTwa(,

c. UsewordsfromEx.1ato tll
yourpartneraboutanexciting
journey
youremember
welf.
I'll alwaysrenemberaur fitst ttip to
l,iadrid.
Some
t'riends
canetosee
usall...

HolidayObjects

102

lmagine
thatyouandyourpartnerare
goingto Mexico
andyouhaveto
share
a suitcase.
There
isonlyenough
roomforfiveitemsfromthoseinthe
pictures.
trnpairs,
decide
whichfive
youwillneedto pack.
Usephrases
fromtheuseful
language
box.

vAcAtrtctEs

Trurreller's
Chequer
GoshedHere

b. Inpairs,
actoutshortdialogues
asintheexample.
A: l'dlikeadouble
please.
room,
8: I'msorry.Therc
Wetefullybooked.
orenovotom:ies.
theannouncernnts
andunderline
thecorrect
word.
'" ,l Read
Listen
andcheck,
mightyouhearthem?
Where

forfllghtKLM726to Amsterdam
All passengersy'customers
please
oroceedto Gate8.
Thetrainstandinqat platform/station
2 is the 13.17service
to
LondonEuston.
Passengers
are remndedto keeptheir handbag/luggage
with
themat alltrmes.

Wewillbedocking/landing
at Calais
in30 minutes.
5 Avoidthe M25andusean alternative
rcad/route
oryoucouldfaceverylongdelays,

Verbs
Phrasal
Appendix
2

I rravel

carrageway

lane

roads
bypasr'

flyover

|\

ackpacker

ramDter

speed
limt.

motorway track
pilgrim

srghtseer

verD5.
Callthehotelandtellthemwe wrllcheck,-,.......,..
tomorrowbeforencon.
for Bristol
earlyin themorning2 Theyset ....,......,.-.
Theplanetook
at 3pmandlanded
in Mexico
at 9.30am.
4 Theircarbroke
onthewayto Madrid
q
Johnwillpickyou ,..,*,",...,,.,,,..,frornthestetion.
6 (an youdow ..........,..",.."..?
exceeding
the
You're

Choose
a wordfromthespidergrams
to complete
(1-5).
words
to
eachsentence
Usetheremaining
makesentences
of yourown.

'

particle,
thenexplain
thephrasal
Fillinthecorrect

tavellers

tOior,& Fixed
Phrases
Underline
thecorrect
words,
thenexplain
theidioms
Arethereanysimilar
idioms
inyourlanguageT

explorer
9lobetrotter

weekend
break
flight

dayrip

,"trips

crulse stop vel

1 | lost my newelheortin Russia.

lt's the
mostbeautiful
countryl'veevervisited.
I think travef broqilens/exponds
the
mind.
Comeon, we'llbe lateif we don't
, t/teotth roadnowWemadeldldourway throughthe
oldpartof town,upto the castle-

excu15|on

-r'
-\* flvinavisit
extended
stay

everycourtry01 earth
Johnseems
to havevisrtpd
Het a real
we bothhadjobsto
Wecouldn't
staylongbecause
get backto It waslusta
to holyplaces
for
3
makejourneys

Underline
thecorrect
word.

rolinirtr r( roe<nn<

geta direciflightbackhome.Wehad
Wecouldn't
planes.
in Rome
andchanged
a , . .,.,.,.. ,,..........
aboutwhi{hlittle
travelto places
rsknownto makenewdifoveries.

Expertences
Describing
Holiciay

a. Cross
outthewordthatdoesnotfit.
1

Onthesecond
dayof ourlrlp wewentto seethe
ruins/wrecks/remnarlts
of theancient
city.
Theoutlook/sighuview
fromouf hotelwindow
wasabsolutely
breathtaking.
There was a two-hour postponemenvdelay/
interruptionto our flight.so we missedour
appointment.
4 Hewentona two-day
to Moscow.
travel/trip4oumey
J
My travelling
colleague/partner/companion
andI
thotoughly
enjoyed
thelourney
to thecoast
Wouldyouliketo seethetravelleaflettpamphlet#
brorhures
I broughthomewithme?

calm,rough,open,dark

family
seaside,
luxurious,
accommodation,
3 local.
nattona[,
friendly,
interesting
soaking,
flowing, fresh
crystal-clear,
package,
5 relaxing,
adventure
booked,
beautif
ul
6 spectacr.rlar,
various.
breathtaking,

hotel
peopF
water
hcliday
scenery

about
b. Usetheotherwordsto telfyourpartner
yourlastholiday.
Ihaaogreotholiday
lostyearinSpain.
8: Really?
Wos
itreloxing?
Yes,
veryftEndty,
andthepmplewere

worasoftenconfused

erepositions
+

Appendix
1

thenusethephrases
to
I S Fillin:by,in,otfwo+otr,
talkaboutyourlastholiday.
1 . -,....buVcar/piane./coach/rail:
2 ........ footj3
theroad;4 head.........:omewhere;
thecoast;
5.........
6 ..-.. .. the beatentrack;7 ..... . the move;I
thp heartof; 9 arrNe . ...a c,ty,t0
., a rush

it03

Doyouagree
withthisadvice?
Discuss
inpairs.

ListeningPart3
Which
of these
abouttraveldoyou
opinions
agree
ordisagree
with?Givereasons.

1
z

Thebesttime to travelis when all the holiday

crowdshavegonehomeIt'sbetterto travelindependently
thanto go on a
packaqe
hoidaywhereevery4hinq
isananged
foryou.
It\ betterforyoungchldrento haveholdayscosp
to home.

SpeakingPart3

giving
theiropinions
$"j Youwillhearfivepeople
abouttravelling.
Listen
andmatch
thespeakers
(1-5)
to whattheysay{A-F).
There
isoneextra
sentence
voudonotneed.
A
B
C
D

euying
Souvenirs

udentsA & B

Lookat thesesouvenirs
thataresoldin different
countries.
Discuss
withyourpartner
whichtwoyou
wouldbuyandwhichtwoyouwoulddefinitely
not
buy.Givereasons.

havesomeclothes
in yourflightbag
travel
abroad
laterin theyear
travel
companies
arelesshelpful
thantheyshould
be
yourhoidayyorrrself
organise

E havea rummerholidayin England

F a competition
fora holiday
isa goodidea

n
5peaker
2 n
5peaker
1

Speakgr
3

Speaker
4 I
Speaker
5

Part4

giving
a. Youwillheara person
advice
onhowto
plana successful
youlisten,
Before
holiday.
read
thesentences
1-8andunderline
thekeywords,
Whatdovouneedto listen
for?
(l-8)
anddecide
if thestalements
,priwowlisten,
aretruefIJorfalse
fFr.

7
B

'104

Toietrymanufacturers
makespecial
lightweight
travelproducts.
Inexpensive
suitcases
attractthieves.
Eating
sweets
for children
isdangerous
dunngtake-off
andlandrng
Limitthenumber
of toysyourchildtakes
abroad.
Taklnq
you
reroinds
addressed
envelopes
to contafia lyourfriends.
5hopforthings
whichwillactLally
fit in
your5uIcase.
At thEairport,you maybe askedabout
itemsInyouruggage.
certain
Takrng
isimpoftant
careof smalldetails

(5tudentsA & B
ut5{u55me To owtnqouefitons.

Whichsouvenirs
arepopularn yourcountry?
Which
wouldyousuggest
a touriflshouldbuyandwhy?
2 Whyisit impoftant
for someone
to takeholidays?
yourholidays:
3 Wheredo you preferspending
in
or abroad?
Whv?
vourcountry

rto twocandidates
doingtheabove
tt ,lListen
tasks
andassess
themintermsof:
speakinq
grarnmar
& vocabulary
management
discourse
pronuncietion
communic.?tion
interactive

Askingfor an Opinion- Complimenting

Thanking

Communication
. Complaining
- Apologising
- Criticising

thephrases
andunderline
a. Read
thedialogue
What
usedto complain,
apologise
andcriticise.
Whatis
between
thepeople?
istherelationship
theproblem?

doyouthinkit takesplace?
thedialogue.
Where
a. Read
A: 5o,whatdoyouthink?
fdntdsticl
decorated
theroom,
/t looks
B: llavethewayyau've
i-

wth
A l'm sorryto saythat I am verydisappointed
my hotelroom
sir?
B: Whatexacty istheproblem,
that the holel
in the brothure
A: Youdldn'tmentron
[ineandthfi trainspass
all
rsbuiltnextto. railway
night.I'mreally
fedupwiththenotse!
B: Ohdear,I don'tknowwhatto say.l'm sosorry.

to actout similar
b. Usetheusefullanguage
situations.
forthefollowing
dialogues
A friendof yourshasinvitedyouto staywith herat
hersummerhouse.Whileyouarethereshe
showsyou arcundthe houseand askswhat you
thinkof it.
mea.
cooksyoua special
takesyouon a tourof the localarea.

experience
on
maypeople
b. Whatotherproblems
in theboxto actout
Usethephrases
holidayT
situations.
in thefollowing
similar
diafogues
but your
in Spain,
Youaniveat yourdestination
luEgage
hasgoneto Frante.
Thequality
of thefoodinyourhotelisverypoor
st to giveyou a
You askedthe hotel receptlon
Shedldn'tandyou
wake-up
callfor an excursion.
missed
theexculslon.

.
.
r
.

CofiPlaining
..
l'm afraidl'vegota complaint
with ..
amverydsappointed
l'msorrytosaythatI
of complaints
about...
l'rnafrard
to sayI havea nurnber
you,butl\Monder
if yorL
could...
Look,l'msorryto trorible
There's
l'd liketo talkto youabout.lt'sjust
somethrng
thatyouprorirised
to
Criticlsing
. lt'sdllyourfaultthat...
. Youcouldat leasthave...
. Youshouldn't
have..,
. Whycouldn't
yau...

APologising
. Oh,I'meversosorry!
. Ohdear!ldOn'tknowwhatto say.
. OhdearlI'mteriblysoi'ry
aboutthat.l'll seeto t as
cnnn .cq nnccrhlp

. Gosh,
you'reright.I forgotallaboutit. l'msorry!
. I'msosorryll'llmakesureit doesrl't
happen
agan,

Whatdoyouthinkthe
Lookat thepictures.
people
InParfsacroutdialogues.
aresaying?

so.
Thanks
farsaying

.
.
.
.

Thanking
Askingfor anopinion I
l'mgadyo|-like
n
5o,whatdoyouthrnk?[. Thal(s,
so
lot saying
Doyoulike. .?
| . Tl^anks
Howdo youlikemy...? | ' You'resokind
Complimenting
. Thats absolutely
Well,thatlooksreally
delicious!
nrce. Ahhyes,it'swondetful.
lt'sreallybeautlful,
. Whata greatidea!
Mmmm,thatsmells
superb.
| . lt looksfantastic!
thinklt'sbrilliant.

Everyday
English
. Holidaymatters
actoutshortdialogues
usingthesentences
ln pairs
guess
takes
where
eachdialogue
Theclass
below.
prace,
ButI drdn'torderfishI
h
Doyouneeda hand?
or return?
lsthata single
o I don'thaveanything
underthatnamehere.
e Alsleor windowseat?

R.

isthatto takeaway?
we'veonlygotthemin a 38,

youarenadam,enjoy
yourmeol
Here
ButIdidn't
order
ftsh!

105

- Part3
Reading

Read
theshoittextbelow.
Whatkindof storydo
youexpectto read?WhydoyouthinkMaugham
chose
Tahitiasa settingfor thisstory?
WilliamSome$etMaugham(18?+1965)wasan eflremely
popularnovelist,short'$torywriter afld dramatist'both in
Eritainandabroad.Someof hismostfamousnovelsare:I-iza
ol l,rtmbeth,A Men of Honaur and Mts Aaddock ln 191'l
Maughamtook the fifit ol manylong trips to the Pacific
whichresultedin someofhisfinestwritings'TheErst
Islands"
ol thesewas TheMoon antl Sitpenceln this Eoveia writer
involvedin fhe life of an artist,ChaflesStdckland'
becomes
of
his fust impressions
ln ihis extact the narratordescribes

Tahin.

theadvertisement
Complete
withthecorrect
prepositions.
Wherecouldyoureadthistext?
r n r[g r fg1 rgf

Pacrficislandfamous1) for its unioue

Tahitiis a Sor-rth
go
friendlypeopleandbreathtaking
beauty.
People
history,
2 ) . . . . . . . . thispart3).... ......theworld4)
pace5).............life The
the bea{hes
andthe relaxed
island
lsr ch6)............marinE
andblrdlifeandiscovered
Thebestt me8) .. .. .. . . visitis
ushforest.
Vayard Noleffber,
astl'isisrhe'dryseason
.
berweer

b. Doyouthinkthatthedescription
of Tahiti
matches
Maugham's
description?
Skimthe
extractandrjreck-

il

I hoveolreodvsoid lhot brrtfor the hozordof o

iournevt0 TohiliI shouldnever hove writle lhis
baok.ll is there thol oller mony lrovelsChorles
Stricklond
come,ond il is there thol he poiniedihe
piclureson which his fome resls. In Tohililhe
circumslonces
lo him cnd here he
were Iovourcble
foundhimself,It wouldseemlhortmy vlsitlo lhis
revivemv inlerest
remoleislcndshouldimrrediotely
in Slri{klond
in occupied
butiheworkI wosengoged
t0 my otlenlion,
[oTFl ns il wos, my orrivqlln Tohiti
modeme forgetevenmoreimporlqnt
motlersI remember
Jhoton myfrrslmorning
I owokeeorly
ondwhenI comeon to theterroceof lhe holelno one
wos stirring.
Thereseemedno chonceot
/5 breoHoslfor s0rne time,so I wolkeddownto the

were dlreodvbusvin lheir

wqlerf
ront.Tlp Chinomen
shops.Theskywos stlllpoleondtherewcs sllenceon
lhe loke,I did not believernyeyes.Thedoyslhothod
possedsince I hlt Wellingfon
seened exlroordinory
cndunusucl.
ETI Andfor lhreedoyssfferwordslfie 2o
seo wos slormy.Grey cloudschosedone onotlr
ccrosslhe sky.J:Tl -hePocific
ls so vostthoteven
ordrory lourreyson il feel likeon advenlure.
Theoir
you breothepreporesyoufor lhe unexpected.
Mured.th6 sislerislond.cofflesintoview ln rocky 25
f rom the seo-lZTl lt
splendour
risingmysleriously
youif, os youcomeneor,looking
wouldnol surpris
{or on opening
in lhe reel,it vonished
suddenly
from
vlew, ond nothingmel your goze but the blue
3a
loneliness
of lhe Pocitic.

havebeen
Read
theextract.
Eightsentences
fromtheSetences
A.l
removed
fromit. Choose
isone
There
theonewhichfitseachgap(1'7).
extrasentence
whichyoudo notneedto use.
and
roundto the kitchenbut it waslocked,
A Iwandered
on a benchoutsideit, a natrveboywassleeping
clearer
as you
B Thebeauryof the islandbecomes
mordsttnct
approach,
andits lovelypeaksbecome
- but it keeps
i{ssec{et
asyousailby
it remrnds
Wellington
is trim and nedtand Fnglish:
youof a seaport
townontheSouthCoast
crowd.
animated
D It isa noisy.
cheerful,
E Even
hererssomel.hing
sadandterrible.
Aftprall, . hadn'tseenhin for ifteet years,andit
f
wasninesincehedied.
Theboarsir rhcquayaretrimandneat.
H IhenthewinddropDed,
andtheseawascalmandblue.
by Polynesial
knights.
Youmayrndqne t wasgr;arded

vclLeys.
mysteryin their deplhs,down
Thereis
whichmurmurond sploshcoolslre,rmsond you fei
for
thqf in thoseshodowyploceslife hos not chonged
centuries.
[5T l Autthe leelingof sodnessis shod-35
of lhe
lived,ondservesonlylo oddto lhe enioymenl
ondfriendly.
Nolhing
con
monent.
ForTohiliis smiling
oe morecolmingthonenlerlngthe horbourot Popeete.
lGTl Thelittle10wnolongthe bay is whileond
trees.40
chormingr
dnd lhe flowersof the flomboyont
plonledolongthe streels,lrlozedscorletogoinsllhe
floming
biueof the sky.Thecrowdof the quoyos the
steomerdrows olongside
is goy ond well-dressed.
ll is o sed of brown foces. You hove on
ogoinslthe {loming45
impression
movemenl
of cotoured
is dcne in o hurry,the
blue of the sky. Everlthinq
ot customs,
unlooding
the exominolion
of the boggoEe,
ond everyone
seemsto smileqt you. li is very hot.
yor-t.
Thecolourdozzles

Practice
Vocabulary
findtheadlectives
thewriteruses
to
a. Inpairs,
thewordsinthelist,
describe
. lnesea
r thesky. Welllngton
. theislands
. themountains
. theDOAI5
. theclouds
. thetown. thepeople
theislands:
rcnate,sistelrocky,
lofty
b. Explain
thehighlighted
words,

to
c. Inpairs,
highlight
thewords
thewriteruses
referto thesenses.
Whichsense
doeseachword
(line33) heoring
referto?srrecms
mu.rnur

TextAnalysls
Whatdotheohrases
mean?
Choose
A or B.
"... he paintedthe pictureson whichhis fame
rests..." (tjnes
+5)
here
A Hepaanted
hislastpictures
B Hepaintd
hismostfamouspictures
here.
Thereseemedno chanceoi brpakfast
for some
time. ." (lines14-15)
A We wouldbe luckyif we hadbreakfast.
B Breakfast
wouldmostprobably
belate.

Whatismeantbythefollowing?
I favourable
circumstances
{line6)
2 to revivemyinterest(tine8)
3 to occupymyattentlon(lines9-10)
4
the wrnddropped(sentence
H)
5 to meetycurgaze(lire ?9)
6 an animated
crowd(sentnce
D)
7 a seaof brownfaces(line44)

Discussion
Describe
whatyourdream
wouldlooklike.
island
Mydteamisland
wauldhaveclean,
whitesandanda deep
biuesea,..

Inpairs
discuss
thefollowing.
Doyouliketravelling
bysea?Why(not)?
havewhenthe
Whatk nd of lifestyle
do islanders
tourists
haveleft?Describe
theadvanlage#
disadvantages
of livrng
on anisand.

to
lmagineyou arein Tahiti.Writea postcard
a friendof vours.

107

.ffi\

w./ ModatVerbs
+

Reference
Grammar

jointhetravel
. ....,........
Anyone
.....,
club.
You
changeyour moneyhere;
you'lhaveto go to a bank.

. Obligation& Necessity

b. ln pairs,
thinkof questions
to askthefollowing
peopleusinEan or rculd.
r airstewardess
. tourguide. hotelreceptioni

with anappropriate
eachsentence
Complete
ot necessity'
fiodalverbof obligotion
get a visawhentravellrng
You
belween
EUcountries.
7 Thecabincrewof an aeroplane
check
thepassengers
havetheirseatbelts
fastned
befretake-off.
3 First
class
worryabout
travellers
-.........-...,...........
small,uncomfartable
seats.
to an area with tropical
lf you'retravelling
you
otseases,
..,navevaccrnatrons.

In pairs,askandanswer
thequestions
aboutyour

country.
I

z
I

lnpairs.
to eachquestion,
writetwoanswers

visa/travel
/ USA?
A: Doyouhavetohoveo visoto truve[to theUSA?
youda.
B: Yes,
pets/allowed/public
transport?
tlavelabroad,{D
card/passport?
parksr
llowedrbeache*pubt,c
camp/a

5 pay/visrt
museurns?

What..,
. . ought you to checkbeforeqoingto the
airport?
z ...doyouhaveto do whentravelling
abroad?
3 . . mustn'tyoutakethrouqh
customs?
. . doesan air stewardhaveto checkbefcre
take-oFf?
youdoonthebeach?
5 ...shouldn't

' Possibility
& lmpossibility

Whatdothemodals
Dlscuss
tn boldmean?
inpairs.
gettingthere.
1 Youshouldn't
haveanytrouble
2 It cantakelonqer
thanyouthink.
t
Hemustbeonthetrainsomewhere
4 It may/might
to live.
not besucha niceplace
5 Someone
ftighVcouldgiveyoua lift if youask
5 Heshouldbearriving
thereaboutnow.

I couldn't
askherto lendmehercar
8 Thiscan'tbetheplace
we'resupposed
to meet.
1

in Use- Part3
English

thesecond
sentence
Complete
sothdt it hasthe
samemeaning
asthefirst.usebetween
twoand
including
thewordgiven.
fivewords,
Donot
change
thewordgiven.

that we reachN4llan
It is imDortant
tomorrow
mornrng.
atnve
Wereally
tomorrow
morning
2 Youcouldn'tget in withoutshowinglD before,
but nowyoucan.
show
You
lDto getin anymore
bookingwasn'tnecessary
3 I wastoldthat advance
| '/,/as
worry
toldthat| ........................
....
aboutbookingin advance
4 Leavingw thor,t sayinggoodbyewouldn'rbe
right.
I realiy
thrnkwe
ought

" Ability& Permission

a, Fillin co4con'tor co.rrd.
Whichexpress
ability?
permission?
Whichexpress
1
,..,..yoLtrea|ygetmetickets,too?
2 Theguide
notgiveusananswer.
5
I havethe keyto myroom,please?
4 Thechef.......,......
.........
cookyouanlthing,
You.... .,,.. ......getfliqhtsmLchcheaper
last
year.
D
we ugethetennrs
court.please?

1 08

we leave.

5 Ithinkyou'rewrongto critiose
thehotelstaff.
You
not
thehotelstff.
o They will make You pay rf your lugqageis
overweight.
You
wilL
anyoverweight
ltrggage
7 It isn'teasyforherto makefriends.
difficulty she.. ,
friends.

You'dbetternot go out today if

you'vegot a cold.
lthink
stay
ifyou'vegota coto,
If I wereyou,lwouldn'tbuyan
expenStve
camerd.
ln myopinion,
wofth

English
in Use- Patt5

Filltheoansinthetextbelowwithwordsformedfromthewordstn
qapitals,
(0).
at thebeginning
There
isanexample

camera.
anexpensrve
in reaching
the
10 He drdn'tsocceed
rop
reacn
FE
thetop.

WordFormation
/

noun,
writetheabstract
Inpairs,
andadverb
concrete
noun,adjective
Thenwrite
verbs.
frornthefollowing
usinq
them,
sentences
r correci
. admire. compete
. enthuse
. exhaust
r expend
. orqanise
. guideI invite
. producer quafifi/+ repeat

English
in Use- PartI
$

MostDf the majorFrenchriversareeithertoo shallow

or busyfor 0) plorure
boats but that doesnot detractfrom
PLEASE
thebreathtkinq
beautyofthe
1).....................
....Theriver SURROUND
Loire
flat2) ,......-.
................
whichis
flowsthrouqh
beautiful
COUNTRY
....
excellent
for cycling.
Bloiss an ideally
3).,......,.,..........
5]TUATE
base,as it s a bury but verypleasant
4).......
. ...... .......
BUSTLE

town.Ononeof myvisitsthere,I founda noteon mycar

lromthe poficesayingthat,thoughflatteredI hadchosento
visittheirtown,I hadparked
5)
...........
andcould
LE6At
lparkmore6) .........."
nexttime.ThecheteaL
at
CABE
., .. stair'(ase
thought
Bloishasan incredjbly
STYLE
il
-to havebeendesigned
byLeonardo
daVificl Fromhereit isa
flat 10-milecycleride to the cheteauof Chambord,
forits8) ..........................
renowned
skyine.whichhasbeen
FORGET
likened
to anovercrowded
chessboard
Alsoworthvisitings
the 9)..........................
cheteauat Chaumont
with its NEIGHBOUR
modern19th-century
interior
surprisingly

Choose
therightwordto fillineachqap(A,B,Cor D),

f{ouDAv

GomPrArryrrs

Therearetoo manypeople ir Britaintodaywho are0) ready

andwho 1) ..........,
to cornplainmtherthan enjoy theirholidays
rnonev
backfrom
the
thewordaboulhoweasyit is to l) .....-.-....
paralysed
travelindustrywhichappears
to havebecorne
with
fearc'r,rer
bad3) .........,-.
womanprotesting
bitteriythat
I recentlyhearda middle-aged
shehadhadto payforlhe 4) ............
cf a golfcartduringanallinclusivegolfingholidayin Jamaica
backall the
anddemanded
moneyspenton thecan 5) ............
with rnorefor the 'distress'
shehadbeen6) ........---.
a
. A friendof minerecenfly
n ..,.,,.,,,.,
the
groupof youngladsdeciding,treforetheyven8) --.......,..
aircraft,what they !ftregoing to complainabout to get a
ilern
9) ,.",*-,,, on thecostof theirholidayandwhichhigh"value
u,r:uld
.
duringthel0) .........--.
be'Lust'
Last fionth a Manchesterman led a 'mutinv' of 20o
he said,the bingo
passengers
on a 11)."..........
shp because,
prize was not big enough.This week I hearddetailso{ a
of flowe{s
honeymoon
whoweresenta bigbouquet
l2) ............
thatit wastoo bigand
by thetouroperatorandthencomplalned
13),,.,.,.....
themfrom movingfreelyaboultheirhotelroom.
Thesetypes,who we haveall met in airport14)........,..
, just
makethe 15)-..........of us suffer,whenthey lie and fool tour
operators
intohandingcarhback.

B
grvE
B
B
re\,leru I
m;n
B
prus
B

a{tustomed
1
spread
take
c
puHc$
C
A
rem
C
5
together c
6
cEU5e0 E srffercd
7
listened B overheard (
at A took
tB landed
A depos,t E gLlaraniee
10 A uarel E noe
11 A feny
tour
par
B coup
e
c
tl
A harmej B prerented c
l4
|oung6 B spaces
c
tf
A others
r5I
L

useo

Df it
pass
D tel
D award
a5K
meoE D putatron
let
D hlre
D elra
u ma0e
00ne
remarkedD suspected
boarded U caught
iefund D (ut
excut5torlD mp
cruSe D carg0
ouo
D doubie
limited D reduced
fBlls
D itt ng{ooms
D left
rea0y

109

Narratives
are written either n the f rst person
(Arve)
(he/she/they).
or n thethirdperson
Theymaybe
arcounGof fea eyentsthat happenedto Lls or
somebody
else,or rmaginary
stories.Thesecan be
humourous
stories.
spystories,
deto.tve stories.
fairy
tales,etc.Before
we rtartwritingthestory,we should
decideon the plot line - that ls, the eventswhich
maKeuprhestory
A narrative
shouldconsist
of:

an introduction
in whichthe s{eneisset that is,
whenand wherethe storytook place,who the
people
in thestorywereandwhathappened
first.
a mainbodyof tlvo or moreparagraphs
wherethe
storyis developed
the events,
describing
usualyin
chronological
order.
Oneof theevents
shouldbethe
climaxevent- that is, the eventwhfelnterest.
slrspense
andFeelings
reach
theirpeak
a conclusion
whathaopened
whichncludes
attheend
lnal comments
of thestory.aswellaspeope'sfeeiings,
or reactions
A twist - that is. a surprsinq
endingmakes
a lono-fastino
impression
on thereader.
A narratvemayalsohavea catchytitle in orderto
attractthe reader's
especally
f it is for u t
attention,
magazrne.
newspaper,
elc.

Understand
ingthe Rubric1

a. Read
thekeywords.
therubric
andundrline
Then,
answer
thequestions.
Yourloca newspaper
15hoiding
a snonslory
compel{tonanoyounavedecidedto enter.Your
iloy s\ould5tartw .\ "fhedayotmyhohdoy
orivea.
butlwasnllooking
fotward
toil " Wrte yourstoryfor
l.reconpelition
in 120 180 words.

Whoisgorngto readyourstory?
Whoshould
thestorybabout?
a yourbestfriend
b yourse
f
yourstorybeabout?
3 Whatshould
a a tfipyoudidn'tfelexcited
aboutat first
b youfidealholiday
1

L d krp youhaobeend-ea-nrrg
o[, whrchrurned
outto bed sappointing

b. Read
thestoryandputtheparagraphr
inthe
correct
order.
Then,
th questions
that
answer
follow.

A LuckyMistake
lETl Alter I hadcheckeoin, I mudemy *ay slowly
lo the departuregarc.Ar I waswaitingto board the
plane, I kept thinking about my ideal holiday
destination:
Jamaica,
withits long.sandybeaches
and
crystalclearwaterIET] SorhereI was.lyingon lhebeach,enjoyingthe
musicandsamplinglhe marvellousfood of Jamaical
As for Aunt Rosa,I supposeshe just had to live
withoutme!
The day of my holidayarrived,bur I wasn'r

CI

lookingforwardto it. t hadlittle moneyandhadonly

beenableto afford to stay.,t'ithmy Aunt Rosain
Spain. So, I wasn't teally thrilled as I knew exactly
what il wasgoing to be like: lots of noisycousins,and

Aunt Rosabcggingmeto takeher for a ride.

[DTl es soonastheplanetookofl I tell fasrasleep

and cnly woke to the soundof lhe announcement:
pleasefastenyour seatbelts,
"Ladiesandgentlemen,
aswe will shortlvbe landinein Kinsston-'I froze in
myseat.was I dreaming?
Kingston?
Jamarca?
I had
boardedthewrongplanel

after the plane had landed,I

[ETl Immediately
e:rplainedthe situationto the authorities-It seems
therewere alsothreeother Dasseneets
headiflefor
Spain.Apparentlyit had beeflthe airliue'sfault,since
the flight numbers for Spain and Jamaicawere
cxacrlythe samelTherefore.
with no flighr.backlo
Londonfor a week,the airline had no choicebut !o
payfor our stayl

2
3
4
5

Whrchtenseshavebeenused?Whatdoeseach
verbdescribe
events,
feelings,
etci?
{actions,
Underline
theadjedives
usedandsaywhichhavea
positive
or a negative
meaing.
Circethe adverbs
usedand decdewhichshow
manner,
tlmeordegree.
Whichwordsshowthesequence
of events?
describe
WhichwordVclauses
thewriter's
feeingV
mocds?

event?
llndeflneit.
6 Whichistheclimax

inchrono
logical
c, Puttheevents
order.
t=-r--l
tdl
I

ln andwaitedto boardtheplane.
I checked
theproblem
to theauthoities.
IET--]
I explairred
IEI-]lspenta weekinJamaica
ItrTtThearrlneagreedto payformystayinJamaica,
|ET-"ITheplanetookoff.

to goingon holiday.
t wasn'tlookinqforuuard
fl
that we werelandingn
l-llT-lThe pilot annouRce{j
KrngstonlhT-l 1fettasleep.
I wason thewrongp ane.
ffi t ea,rred

PastTenses
,,
',,

i.

TimeWords& Phrases
Toshowthe sequence
of eventsin a storywe can
uselinking
wordssLrch
as:
when- while- assoonas- after- before- at that
moment- by the tim - fllst next- soon- tnen - at
eventually
- meanwhiLe
- afteta while suddenly
first-frnally-as

thetirne
belowandunderline
a. Read
theextract
wordsandDhrases,
As soon as the taxi pulledup outsidethB hatel,we
knewwe had made a terrible rnistake.When wE had
booked our holiday,the rravel agnl EBid thet thB
hotel Mirege was 6 4-star hotel in the centre o{ town
This wes an old fundownbuildingand we ware miles
from anywherel
While we were wBitingto checkin, r,!ehesrd one of
the gueEtscomFlaining
ihat thEpewas no hdr water in
the bathroDm and her room was crawling with
cockroschesl
At that momentwe both decidedthat we
wouldonly spendone night thefe 6nd firsr thing in the
mornrngwe wouldlook for anothErplac6 bo stay.

h. Read
therestof thestoryandfillinappropriate
fromtheboxabove.
timewordsandphrases

pasttenses
in a story:
Wecanusevarious
pastsifiple,to describe
actionswhichstaftedand
one
endedin the past,or adionswhrchhappened
aftertheothern thepast.
past continuous,to st the Sceneor to descnlle
in Droqress
at a (ertaintimernthepast.
eventvactions
pastperfect,far actions
whichhappened
beforeother
pastac(ions.
of thestoryorto givethebackground

into
Read
theextractandouttheverbsin brackets
pastsimple,
pastcontinuous
or
tenser
thecorrect
pastperfect
simple.
(begin)
whenthey

ll

l :rrrroi :r

-.P -n, I ney Jl

rho. rl ne

in,whenthey4)
in thequeueto check
Gtand)
(hear)that
Theywouldhdveto
theirp anehadbeendelayed.
waitaroundal r\e dirportfor arotherbur hours!They
(decide)
5) . .. ....................
to do someshoppngin theairpoft
6)
bui tenminutes
latefalltheshops
shops,
(staft)c
at
theshops
osingApparenlly.
4 . ....... ..(shuti
9.00pm.
(find)a newsagent
They8) .....................................
thatwa!
magazirres
dnd
.... .{buy)
some
openandlhey9)
a fewsweets
to eatDnthe trlaneTheairlinerepresentative
(give)them[oodcoupons
l0) .............................
to useat the
butwhenthey1I ) ........
.......
..........
.. (get)there
airportcafeteria,
(be)sofuilthattheycouldn't
finda sear
........
t 12)..............
(think)
Ioa
Theyl3) ..
theyrnighttreatthemselves
lounqe.
mealn theexpensive
resuurant
nearlhe firstclass
(come),
whenthe b ll 14).. . ................
they
Unfonunately,
(realise)
. (change)
l5) .. .- .. ........
thattheyl5) . ....... ........
payil!
inloU5dollars
mostoftheirmoney
andtheycouldn't

l) ..,..,..............,.,,
it wasour turn to checkin but the
hotel receptionistsaid she couldn't find sur
reservation.2)
. we did not li.nowwhat
waswrong.S).,,.".....,.........,
she askedta chckour
conJirmationdetails.'You're in rhewrongplace,"she
said eventuallv,"This IS Le Mirage,Your hotel is
called Mira3eand it's ln the centreof town."She
calleda taxifor us and25miDutes
laterwe arrivedat
a beautiful,Iuxurioushorel4) ................""....
we hadchecked
lI andtheporter
hadtalen our luggage
up to our suiteoverlooking
the
pool,we bothbrcatheda sighof relief,5) .".....,.........
our holidaywasaboutto begin.

in Ex.1c anduseaPpropnate
Read
theevents
fromthboxaboveto
timewordsandphrases
retellthestory.

't1 1

+
{r'

Adjectives,
Adverbs
& Verbs
to the reader,
moreinteresting
' Tomakea narrative
i
moodsand feeings.I
we shouldrelatethe characrers'
Wecandothisby:
. usinqa varietyof adjectives
and adverbs
suchas
eicinsteadof
wonderful,
fas(inating,
hor ble,deprcssed,
sirnplistic
onessuchasgaad,nice,bad.
. usinga varietyof verbssuchas whisper,
scream,
sigh,
exc[aimetc.

a. Read
thetwoparagraphs
belowandcompare
them.saying
to the
whichismoreinteresting
readr
andwhy.
The next morningwe decjded to go

to the beach.

It wasa bright, warm, sunnydtsy

and

Theparagraph
belowhasnoadverbs.
lmprove
the
theadverbs
fiomthelistin
writingstylebyplacing
jn theunderlined
parts.
places
suitable
. anxously' carefully
. suddenly
. grateftLlly
. quickly. absolutely

We had ieeu si&tEcciac cil

d we ',verE

erhauEled.We were on our wav back to our hotel when

| ,*.".b""*d
I .*rli*ud ,hut *u o*r" **li**i*.
that the lasttimeI hadusedit wasa[ thecaf6wherewe
nao sloppe{l lor a o-srnK.tryemaoe ou.r wav DacRIo f,Jre

caf6and went overtn the tablewe had beensittins at.

We checkedto eeeif it had fallen on ttre floor. but it
waen't therc. We ssked to seethe managerand we
e:cplai:redthat Ey purse was missing. He aekedus to
deseribewhat it lookedlike and what was inside it. He
listened.then went,back into his oflice and cameout
carwirg mv purse.We therlked him and he offeredus
coffeesnd desserton the house.

Cven

lhough it wasearly,t herewel q 1 1 u 1 .s

2

few peopletherealready,
We found a lovelyspotaDdspread
out our to,#elson the warrE,
goJdensand.The sealooked
very
inviting.It wasa beautiful,
clear,turquoi$eblue andit
semedt0 sparklein the
suniight,We spenrthe

wholemornjng
sunbathingand
swimming.

B Juliesotin theco{6in thenicelishing

villoge.Shewos
wotchingpeoplegeltingoff the big cruiseship.Her
nicefocelit uo ond shesmiladss shesowhernice8$
yeoroldgrondmother
wolkinghrwords
herweoringo
nicedress.ShehuggedJulie,sot downoppositeher
ond goveo smollsighof ;oy.Afterlhe bqd tiffieshe
hod hod gettingthere,shefultvery luckylo finollybe
on theisord wilhhernicegronddough'er.

b. Usetheadjectiues
in thellstbelowto make
paragraph
to read,
B moreinterest;ng
. delightful
r pleasant
. tiny r enormous
. horrible

. colourful
. beautiful
. wonderfu

112

rechniCues
to begin
and/or
endyourstory
'An rnteresting
beginning
is important
in ordertc
attentonandmakethemwantto
catchthe reader's
reading.
Af interesting
ending
willmakethem
continue
feelsatisfied.
Wecanstartourstoryby:
. usingthe senses
to spt the s{EnEand describe
the
weather, atrnosphere,
surroundings
or people's

actions
to create
my'tery
andsusllense
sensdtion
comeovermeasI walked
along
e.g,A strcnge
o delicote
glowoppeared
thecold,dimcorridorSuddenly,
pou dingqui{kly.
at theendondny heottbegon
Wecanstar-t
or endourstoryby
. usifg direct speech:e.9."Watch
out!Thatbranch
is
obauttofall!'shouted
6rc9uryently.
+ askng a rhetorica
questron
(aqueston that doesn't
expeftan answer):e.g.Haveyoueverhadthefeeling
thatyouweftbeingwarched?
. referringto feelingimoods:
e.g.Vivian
wdsJoneryouj
that justasshewasabauttodeliverhetspeech,
shefroze
b[ankly
attheaudiene.
andstared
. address
youwould
ng the readerdirectly:
e-q.
lm sure
havedonethetome[hiftgin ny place.
WecanendourstorybY:
. describing
people's
{eactiofls
to/feelings
aboutthe
in the man body: e.g,/f had
ventsdeveloped
beena horifyingexperience
andI wasluckyta
definttely
intheend.
bealive

to theendings
Matchthe beginnings
of the etories
andsaywhichtechnique:
havebeenusedineach
one.

Beginnings
h wasan e)ftrernely
hot Augustnightand Paulwas
tyingin bed,Ashetossedandturnedhecouldhearthe
cr'tyin the distance.
strangesoundsof the unfamiliar
He got up, walkedto the windowand lookedout.
himself.
'what amI doinghere?'heasked

Haveyou ever had one of those dayswhere no

seemsto go wrong?
matterwhat youdo everything
Well,I hadcneof thosedayslastyear

outslde
andthe wind
Darkdoudsweregathering
gathefed
in the
washowling.As the hotelguests
worried,Andrew
lcbby,theirfaceslookingextremely
laokedat hiswife andsaid,"Don'twony,darling.
Everlthing
willbealright"

UnUerstanding
theRubric
2
Read
thefollowing
rubrics
andsuggest
suitable
beginnings
andendings
foreach
task,applying
techniques.
appropriate

You havebeenaskedto write a storyfor your

The storymust begin with
schoolmaqazine.
I
thesewords: iAssoonas I openedmy sultflse"
thotsomething
waswrong."
rcolised

has decidedto publisha

A travelmagazine
collectionof travel storieswritten by their
readers,
A storiesmustend with thesewords:
"Astheplanetookoff,theybothhopedthattherestof
thelrholidaywouldbelcsssmslfu/."

o
t
a

Read
therubricandthetwomodels
thatfollow
the
anddecide
whichonebestanswers
question.
I
t

Yourteacher
hasaskedyouto writea shortstory
beginning
withthewords:"ltwdJabeoutifulsunny
momtngandTamhadthed6yDffwork-"

Endings

A NomatterhowmanytimesI go overthat dayin my

fellinto
mind,I amamazed
at howthe vents,ust
pldce.
that'slife,isn'tit?
ButI suppose

Stepping
carefully
overthe brokenpiecesof glass,
theothersoutof the
Andrewandhisw fe followed
andstillin shock,
hotelTheywereallurd,hr-rngry
to bealivel
buttheywereveryhappy

thevastdesert,Paullooked
Asthejeeprolledacross
backat the walledcity,nowonlya smalldot onthe
horizor-t.
With a deepsighof reliefhesaid,'l'rnso
cladit'sallover!"

Gaught in a Storm
l( was a 0eauluul EunnvmorDlnqand lom nao
t}e day off work. He thoughtit would be a good
idea to visit his cousins,Bob and Paul, who had
recentlyrenteda sunmer cotlagenear the seaside-

He threr.ra toweland a pair of s,wifnnng trunks

into his lravelbagandsetoff on his motorbike.
When he arrived the boyswere pleasedto see
him. nWe'verenteda speedboat
to go water-skiing,"
they said."Do you want to comes/ilh us?" Tom
wasn'tsurebecausehe had neverbeenwater-skiine
before."Don'rworrv.we'll teachvou howto do it."
dron sed lne bovs.Altcr a wh[e. lom flaDaEeoIo

*t*d on thes[i; withoulfallingLro thesealThey

werehavingsc muchfun thattheydidn'tnoti tle
darkcloudsin the slry.
It wasaboutsl,ro'clockin the afternoonwhen
Paulcalledto Tom. "Thisis yourlastrun,Tom,"he
shouted."It's getti g da* and it's dme rle went
back."While they were pulling Tom along,the
enginesuddenly
stopped,
Thebo),sried hardto get
theenginestafied,buttheycouldn't.
Thenthe bcat
slowlybeganto dri.ttout to sea.
As theyweresittingtherewondering
what10do,
thercwas a loud crashof thunderand a flashof
lightninglit up the eveningslry.The seawasdark
andangryandit lookedasif therewasgoingto be a
storm. Tom noticed that Paul and Bob looked
worried and that made him feel frightened.Just
then the boys sawa lifeboatapproaching
i the
distanceand thevbreatheda sishofrelief!

113

A Storm

ta
J

ul

Yourteacher
hasaskedyou to write a rtory
endingwiththesewords:
"Hewasfor,farawayat fast."

&

A popuar teenmagazine
hasaskeditsreader
to submitshortstories
abouttravelling
andyou
havedecidedto sendin a story Yourstory
mustbecin\rrth thesewords:
"Wefeltsurprised
asthetrcinpulledintotheempry
station."

Tom had the day off work. He decrdedto visit his

cousins,Boband Paul.for the day.Theyhad renteda
cottEgenearthe sea.Tomput somethingsin a bagand

flr left

Whenhe got there,the boysaskedhimto go waterskjingwrththem.Tomdidn'tknowhowto water-ski,

but
theysaidtheywouldshowhim.,Aftefsometim Tom
couldski.Theywerehavinga goodtime.Theydidn'tsee
thedarkcloudsinthesky
Aboutsixo'clockin the afternoonit wasnearlydark.
PaultoldTomthattheyshouldgo back.Theywerepullng
Tomalongwhentheengine
Theytriedto staftit
stopped.
again,buttheycouldn't
Theyweresittingtherethinking
whatto do andthere
wasloudthunder.
lt lookedliketherewasgorngto bea
storm-PaulandBoblookedwonied.Tomfelt frighlened,
too. Thenth boyssawa lifeboatandtheyfelt happy

b. Compare
andcontrast
thet\ivomodels
intermsof:
trtle
timewordEphrases
. useof directspeech
Intereslng
beginning
variety
& ending
of vocabu
ary
. useof pasttenses
useof adjectives
&
aoverFS

Lookat modelBagain,In parrs,suggefla

differentbeginninE
anda different
endingto
improve
itswritingstyle-

s
c

a
a
a

&
I

a
a

Yourschoolmagazine
is holdinga shortstory
cornpetition
and you havedecidedto enter
Yourstorymustbegi wlththesewords
"lwillnever
foryetmyfirst@mpifig
holidoy."

Doyouhaveto wrte a first-or athird-penon

narrative?
Whoisgoingto readthestory?
3 Where
andwhenwi I yourstorytakeplace?
Whoarethemaincharacters
in yaurstory?
5 Whatarethemainevents
in yourstory?
6 Howcanyouendyourstory?
l

Canyouth nk of a catrhytitle?

b. Choose
oneor moreof thetasks
andwriteyour
in 120-180
answer(s)
words.

Checklist

.j; Punctuation
ln pairs,punctuate
thesentences,

Before
handinq
inyourpiece
of writing,
check
the
following,

1 it isa longwayisntit paulsad

z i dontknowhowto do it doyou
3 goshitsfantastic
sheexclaimed
idont believe
thisis happening
5 whatareyoudoingin rnyroombobsaid

1 0a

1 14

Lookat thefollowing
writingtasks,
underline
thekeywords,andfor eachone,answer
the
questions
thatfollow.

content
lsthestoryhnenteresting?
- lsit well-deve
oped?
Interesring?
- lsthebeginnrng/ending
event?
Whatis it?
- lstherea cllmax
organi5ation
organsedin paraqraphs?
- Aretheevents
raphs
well-lnked
- ArethesentenceVparag
together?
accura{y
in spellng.punr:tlation,
- Arethereanyerrors
grammar"
etc?
range
Haveyouuseda rangeof vocabulary
&
grammar?

3 A : It'sallyourfaultthatwe'feate!
y isthe problem?
B : a Whatexar:t
b I'mscsonyl
absolutely
delicious
I
4A: That's
I'mgladyoulikeit.
B; a Thanks,
it
b Well,ldon'tbelieve
5
Howdoyoulikeit?
B : a Thankforsaying
so.
b lth nkir'sbrillant.

Filtintheconectwordderivedfromthewordin
bold,
1 Whydoesheinsst on beingso
CHILD
rnfrontof visitors?
a week
Thelocalauthorities
oroanised
CULTURE
of .........
..- ..........
....events.
Shegrewup in luxunous
andneve[hadto wofiyabout
SURROUND
a thing
across
the
Theyt:ptoed
hallsoasnotto waketheothers.
CARE
Theenvironmental
in 1984.
wasstablished
ORGANISE

(5 rnotks|

6 marks)

puta
Head
thesentences,
iscorrect,
lf a sentence
lick(/). lf it hasawordthatshould
notbethere,
writethiswordontheline.

'lllen leremyDale srartedto studycartography,

that therewasmore
he discovered
to ma.Ds
thnnhehad realised.

Thecause
of thrsslranoe
disease
is not beenknownIthinkthefllmmusthavebeen
shotin lreand
Theideaisthat money
wrl make
youthehappier
andmoresuccessful
twl{eas
Shegoesto thecinems
moreoftenasmostpeople know.
Thefilmgot suchverygoodreviews
thatit berame
a greatsuccess.

the
Mapsaresocommontodaythatmanyof usrecognise
shapeof familiarcountrieslike dftica, Italy or theUSA
And mostof usmuld quiteeasilydrawtheoutlineof our
But lhis wasnot
countrywith somedegreeof accuraqr,
alwaysrhecase.In orderto becomeso familiarwith the
world we live in. it has taken thousandsof brave
exolorers.
(5 marks)

Communication

Complete
thedialogue.
Why1)
concerltonight?
B: To 2)
l'm 3 )
OK,how4)
8 l That5)

gel ticketsfor the

, I don'ifancyit
moodforlvemusic.
to thetnatre?
a goodideato me.
(5 morks)

Circlethecorrect
response.
1 A : Guess
what?lim isin town.
B; a I kindof likeit
b No,realy?
A: I'm sorryto troubleyou,bt,ltI wonderf you
aboutthatnorse.
coulddo something
isn'trt?
B: a lt s abouttimeyoudidsomething,
b I'mterriby sorryaboutthat! 'll seeto it as
soonaspossibfe.

I havebeeafascinatedby mapsfor as long as I can

remember.Eren as a youngchild,I wouldspendhoun
10 turningthepagesof our wom-outold atlasof theworld
Sowhenmylocalcollegeannorrficed
thatit wasrunninga
course,I decidedto raviveanold interest.
caGography
1

the problemof representing

the
Ptolemyunderstood
on a flat surface.
eafh,whichis a sphere,
Thisisdfficutt
for instance,
if yousaw
burexremelyimportart.Imagine,
a mapofyourcountrywhichwasthewrongshape,
or only
halfasbieasit shouldbe,

The inventionof the pdlting pressin 1450$eant that

maps muld be widely distributedand everyonewould
20 havetle Eamecopy. Until this point, eachmap would
have been hand made- and as a result.no two wer

c. LooKaI rneroflowtn0
lwo

i(tanin.r

pictures
people
showing
with
unconvefl
tionalappearances.
Compare
and
(ofltrastthtwo pictures,
saying
whyyouthink

fivepeople
talkingaboutproblems
'. , Youwillhear
questions
theyfaced
whiletravelling.For
1-5,match
(A.Dto thepeople
theevenB
talking
aboutthem.
There
isoneextrafetterwhichyoudonotneedto use.
A
B
C
D
E
F

eafnperson
nascnosen
Inerrswte.

Hewasforgetful.
Speaker
1 T
Hemadpa wrongdecrsron
speaker
2 I
Heqotto thewrongplace.
Hewastreatedbadly
Speakef
3 I
Hedidn'ttakesafety
precautions.
Speaker
4
He wasrrvolved
rn a frighre'rirgSpeaker
5

tr
tr

Infioenl.

(10narks)

Speaking
questions.
thefollowing
I S Answer
1

Ho\,4i
do youusually
travelto work/ schoolT
WhdI do yoL ikemosiabort rheplaceyor-| ve?
Whatdoesvourneiqhbourhood
lookI ke?
Canyoutellr.rs
a fewth ngsaboutyo!r famlyl

d, lsit rightto judgepeople

fromtheir
anoearance?

Student

twooictrres
showing
'l I a. Lookat thefollowing
different
hobbies.
andcontrast
Compare
the
two pictures,
saying
whichhobbyyouthinkis
morerewardtn9.

(lo rnorlJ)

Writjng

12

Youhavedcrded
to entera shoftstory
competition.
ThPcompet
tionrulessaythatthe
storymustbeglnwiththefollowing
sefttence:
out of theshodaws
Hestepped
andwalked
towad\
me.

Writeyourstoryforthecon-rpetition
rn120-180
words.
(17mstks)
(Total= 100msrkiJ

Progress
Update
Howdoyourateyourprogress?
Tick(/) thebox
ro you.
thatapplies
Excelent

Vocabu
ary&

b. Whatdoyoudoin yourleisure
time?

Grammar
Listenlng
Speakrng
ReadinE
Writing
f ornmunicatron

{:l
i - T EAC E
\I IJ Vf

-,1

U N IT7

!-listory

UhJITE

Learnin g esSO it s

ill\

^s:

.
.

Whatdoesthet tlFof the modulemeanto vou?

Whyshouldwe studyhistoty?
Howimportant
iseducation?

people
famous
war& peace
contto& power
news& mysteries
of
history

askforconfirmation
&
respo0
exPress
un[enatnty
personal
narrate
experiences
stafta conversation
I

ptolesr
educataon
syste,ms
H o\E)

"

o r L ,uul

typesof school
exarns
& qualifiGtions

relatedto:

news& media

education
& learning

express
surpfiseidisbe
ief/

sympamy
congratulat
& consote

(2)
narrAtives

readto news

expressing
articJeVletters
yourDplnion

pa$ tenses
pasimodals
the passlve
causative
fornl

Lead-in
fromworldhistoryas
of people
a. Lookat thepictures
whatthey
weilasthevelbs inthelist.Tellyourpartner
J
for,
arefamous
. eect . invent. reign. discover
fight. cDmpose
. rule.claim. a55a55tnale
.conquer
campaign
(hristopher
tol OtS(OVennQ
Amelt(o.
LOILrnDUS
rSlAmOUS
p,

languag+
aswellastheuseful
to
Useverbs
fromthelistabove,
askandanswer.
asintheexample.
Askinqfof conflrmation

rt ,. who. .?
Wasn't
It was who wasn'tit?

Positively
Responding
Yes,that'sright.
Yes.I thinkit/hewaVdid
Responding
wjth UncertaintY
Oh,I'm notsure.
Oh,rvhefirghthavebeen.
Oh,I can'tremember.

wastheonewho
didn'the?
.
.
.
.
.
.

figure
and
Think
abouta historical
The
talkaboutthemto yourclass,
is.Talk
rlassguess
whotheperson
about:
whenandwheretheylived
whattheydid/ areknownfor
howtheydied
informat
on
anyotherimpartant

wasn'the?

Negatively
Responding
I'veno adea.
lhaven'ta{lue .
I rouldn'ttellyou.
Noway!lt was . who
Notat a l! Thatwas...(name).
No.it wasn'l.

thottheeafthmoved
araundthesun!
Wosn't
it lalileowhoftrstclaimed

tu
{I

whichpresent-day
c. Inyouropinion,
part
figure(s)
willeventually
become
of their
of historv
onaccount
contribution?
Give
exceptional
reasons.

Paraphrase
thefollowing
quotations.
Doyouagreeof
disagree?
Why(not)?Discuss,

ght.
B: Yes,thats

The history of mankindis its

(6oethe)
claracter-

alking
duuuL
a
bouto
ulllelelll
ff
t
golng to
rtllce peopre
Io listen
ll5len IIo
O rnree
You
IOU arg golng
PeuPltst!.dll(lll9
Listen
andwritewhotheyare.Whathelped
figures.
-ur'historical
you guess?

The only thing we learnfrom

history
is thatwe learnnothirg
(Hegel)
fromhiscory

Speak
er 1
5peak
er

Speaker
3

121

a. Lookat thequotation
of the
at thebeginning
text.Whatdoyouthinkit means?
Discuss,
b. Howistheouotation
to thetitleof the
related
article?
Whatdoyouthinkthetextisgoingto
beabout?
Read
thefirstandthe lastparagraph
andtryto guess.
Skimthetextto seeif your

guesses
werecorrect.
sentences
if thefollowing
aref
c, Inpairs,
Euess
quickly
(true)
andcheck.
Read
orF(false).
America
wasgrantedindependence
on4thJuly,1776.
Columbus
wasn'tthe firstEuropean
to corneto America,

Columbus'
voyages
wereof great
rmportance
to Europe

Nowteadthetextcarefully
and,forquestions
1-7,
choose
thecorrectanswerA,B,C0f D.Underline
the
partsof thetextwhichhelped
youdetide.
'l Americawasnot actuallyfreefrom Britishrule
until
A July1776.
C February
1783.
B NoYember
1782.
D september
1783.
2 Onethingthat is definitely
trueis that
A Christopher
Columbus
dldn't know he had
founda newland.
B theNative
Amer;rans
hadalwalsbeeninAmenca
theVikings
wereiheflrstto discover
America.
D Amerfgo
Vespucci
was the first explorer
to
travel
to,a.merici

People
believe
thingsthatarenottruebecause
historical
facts
A arealways
fromunreiiable
sources.
B arewrittendown
C arenotcomplcated
D arcnotsimple.

"Historyis theversionof pastevenxthatpeoplehavedecidcdto agreeupon'

NapoleonBonapa*

Think of three historical figrues. Whai do you

lmow about them? 'Where did you get your
informatior from? The ..ch*nces.
ale that you either
readit Bomewhere
whoreadit somewhere
or someone
told you aboutit, Did you everthhk aboutwhowrote
downthesefacts?How can you be sure that theyare
tme? The thing is, many historical "truths" are
historiealmyths.
Let's take someexamples,In America"4th July is

122

Independence
Day,the mostimportantholidayin the l0
,dmericancalendar,which the Americanscelebrate
witl paradesand fuework$.It wason 4th July, 1776
that Congress approved the Declaration of
Independence.
It was a good start, However,the
shuggle continuedfor anothersevenya$ after this, 15
with someof themostbrutal fightingin thewholewar,
asKing GeorgeIII wasnot *dllin.g to,gralt America
total indpendence,
which wasthe only afiargement
that the American leaders would accept.So the
fightingcontinued.Thefirst draft of a Treatyof Peace20
wassignedin November1782and in February1783
theKing officiallyannounced
that thewarwouldsoon
be over,This led to the signingof the Treaty of Paris
on 3rd Septemberthat safleyearThink about the discovefyof America- What's the 25
fust name that qtrfigs tp nhd? More than likeh it's
ChristopherColumbus.WasAmericareallydiscovered
by him?He had setout to reachAsia andthat'swhere
he thoughthewaswhenhe cameto America.But there
weremanypeopletherebeforehim.Thefirst oneswere 30
ceftainly the Native Americans,thousandsof years
before 1492.Where had they comefrom? Even the
Vikingshad madea numberof expeditions,r/ith Leif
Erilason landing there in around 1000AD. Perhaps
AmerigoVespucciwasthediscoverer
of America.After 35
all, unlike Coiumbusbelore him, he was the firgt

with thediscovery
of
Columbus
iscredlted
Americabecause
therEistrue
A thefactthathetravelled
to be cornpletely
mythhappens
B thishistorical
TTUC.

isde{eption.
B History
C History:lies,lies,fiesl
thanthe sword.
D Thepenls mightier

dates?
Whathappened
onthese

consequences
therehadimportant
C hisvoyaqe
Europe.
for1sth-centurv
of NewWorldexplorations.
D hewrotethehistory

. 1176 . 1782. 1783.1492. 1000AD

. I 5thcentury
. 3rdSepternber

lf nativepeoplehadwrittenthe historyof the

NewWorld,then historywouldhavebeen
C objective.
A accurate
D ditferent.
B comptete.

Vocabulary
Practice
partsof thetextwith
thehighlighted
a. Replace
wordsandphrases
fromthe{istbelow.
r occurs
. straightforward
to you . n fact
r tendto . have
a critical
attitude
. didnotwantto . acknowledae
hi$contribution
. some
truth. verylikely

Whatthe writermansby 'that isnotthe

whole story", (llnes62-61)is that

bewrittenbythe losers,
A history
shouldalway,s
on manyfactors,
B thewritingof historydEpends
of the Newwodd
C thehistory
of thediscovery
wasneverfinlshed.
notbewrittenbythewinners.
D history
should
titlefor
alternative
Whatmightbea suitable
thistext?
A There!no history
onlybiographY.

fifteenth-century
explorerto realisewherehe was,or
ratherowherehe delinitelywa$'t. So,maybethe word
"re-discover"is rnore accurate rrhen it comes to
40
C-olumbus,
rf historyis to givehim anycreditat all,
because,
Iike
Everyonebelievessuchhistorical'Tacts"
you,theygot themfrom whattheythoughtwasa reliable
source.But how cansuchfhingsbe writtendownin the
first place?One of the reasonsmustbe that historyis
l'.Theeventsareoftencomplicated45
$ldom"rut and.&id,
was
andmessy.
ofAmericanindependence
The achieving
a lengthyaffair.Prsuf,ably4th Julywaschocenasthe
daie10celebralebecause
it was$eenasmoresigtificant
tha$ the date of the acfiral end of the war. Another
reasonis thatzuchmythsalways
contain gr4iqof .truth. 50
Columbus
wasnot the first personto travelto America,
etplorerto gothere.
buthewasthefirstfifteenth-centuy
Ffis"re-discovert''
was,from a historicalpoint of view,
exhemely5ignifissnl for Europe since his voyages
openedup large-scale
coulmrcebeweenEurope and 55
America.
Historyhastraditiorallybeenwrittenby thewinners.
If the eonqueredindigenouspeople$had written the
historyof thediscoveryof theNewWorl{ it wouldmost
probablyhavebeenvery different,but not necessarily60
objectlvc:the point of viewof tlte conqueredcanbejust
asbiasedasthe porntof viewof theconqueror.But that
is not the whole story.The writing of historydepends
not onlv on
the writer is of,, but alsoon th
mltule andattitudesof the era it i$ writte in.

when
Historyis alwap subjecthe.So,remember:
youreadhistory,takeit with a pinchof salt,

65

b. Exnlain
thewordsin bold,

- ,. TextAnalysis

isalwoys
subjective."Explain
inyourown
"Hbtary
ftom
Giveexamples
words
whatthewritermeans.
youra swer.Doyouagree
with
thetextto support
the\ riter?

Discussio
n

questions.
Inpairs,
discuss
thefollowing
.

Do you like readinghistory?why (not)?Do you

in
thlnkit is irnportant
to knowwhathappened
thepast?
Why(not)?
you
fstherea country
or civillsation
whosehistory
andrewarding
findparticularly
interestinq,
exciting
DisrJqs
in pairs
andgivesomeexamoles.
to read?

$ m, & Peace
to theideaof
1 a. Inpairs,makea listof at leasttenwordsrelated
yourlistto thoseof yourclassmates.
warThencompare
fiaht,battleetc.
b. Lookat thelistof wordsgivenandtogether
withthewordsin
yourlist,arrange
themin thespidergram
below.
. nsyyr private. surrender
. attackI disarmament
. ally
. majorr admira. treaty
. pa.ifst. conquer
r general

enemy

Invade

defend

letrcat

defeat

$ rutingcontrol
f,

to a
e. Youaregoingto listen
a youflg
conversaUofl
between
woman
andherfatherLookat
andthelistof words
theoicture
andexpressions
below.
Canyou
guess
whattheirconrrersation
willbeabout?

a tet the ritht to vote

a demonstratron
a suflragette
I goon hunger
strike
a makga point
I diefor meuse
I things
getoutof connol,
I
afientron
8etenougn
a makehi$ory

Nowlisten
to theconversatio
andmarkthestatements
below
astruefIJor false(Fr.
T

Womengotthe right
to voteeasily.
grandmother
2 Tina's
wasa suffragette
3 Suffragettessuffered

t.

i*

a lot

nucear

peace

4 In 1918inEngland,
all
womenhadtheright
IO VOIE

5 InAmerica,
women
earned
therightto
votebefcre
womenln England

above
andusetheminthe
Choose
wordsfromthespidergram
thesentences
correct
formto complete
below,

nlernatonal11uclear
wil be the first
steDtowardsworldDeace.
Thedeflnitive
end to manywarshasbeenmarkedby a peace

Napoteon
was forced1o
from Moscow
n 18'12,
dueto thebitterroldof theRussian
winter
4 The exhausted
soldie{s
their positlon
bravely.
butin theendtheyweredefeated
bytheenemy,
.,,.......Brihinin 55 BC,butthey
5 TheRomans
didn'tconquer
it untilmanyyearslater.

A:

d. ln pain.choose
sixwordsandmakeyourownsentences.

124

B:
A:
B:

Usethewordsandexpressions
in Ex.2a,aswellasyouranswer
in Ex.2b,to askandanswer
questions,
asin theexamples.
When
didwonengetthetightto vote
inEngtand?
gotit it1| 918.
lthinkthey
Whydidsuffragettes
goon
demonstrufionsl
Betouse
theywanted
togetdttention

d, At whatagedo people
havethe
flghtto voteinyourcountry?

to thenouns.
Match
theadjectives

Lookat thedifferentusesof theword"control".

Thenusetheexpressions
in thecorrectformto
comolete
thesentences.

good,bad
1 pure,sheer.
litrle,sllght.fifty-ffty,good
3 pure,sheer,unfortunate

rortml t ia{. (nol aonuolowrilh . bein.onlrol ol sth } 8.1outol.orrrral

+ loseconFolofsth I sft (a siluation)is uEd+rrontrol . srh(& silrarior)is
brondonesomrclr lalicconlmlof slh

5
6

but
Strikers
causeda bit of rroublehereearlrer,
..-..............
now.
is........
everything
Then
It was a reallypeacefuldemonstratlon.
sudden
Y.;t . .. .. ..
Butl'm
Yes,I know lt'sa largegroupof children.
sodon'tworry.
completely
It waster'rblel
Hesuddenly
that the steerng had
the car He laterdiscovered
gone.
Whenthe prlotsaidthat he felt fl|,the co-plot
..... . .. tl'eplare.
..
immediately......
Bythe tirnethe fire fighlersarrived,the forestfire

ldioms& FixedPhrases

thecorrect
item.
Underline

shebelongs
to a veryancientfamify;
shecantrace
he possintohistory
backto the Normanfonquest.
2 A largenumberof historical
eventshavetaken
p acein the Towerof Londonoverthe centuries;
i|'srearded/steeped
mhistory.
rvrnode
historyon 20thJuly,1969
3 NeilArmstrong
whnhe became
the firstmanto walkon thernoon.
WhenEnncoFerrnisolitthe atornin 1934(without
realrsing
it),hechanged
therou.sel.oute
of history.
historyrt seems
that the reasons
5 During/Throughouf
itslf.
torwarareessenl
dllythesame,
h storyrepeais

7 Nowadays,
it seemsthdt parents
their childrenthan in the
less
past.

CHANE E
LUCK
AECIBE N T

Verbs
Phrasal
Appendix
Z

thephrases
in boldwith the phfasal
verbs
Replace

worosoftenconfused

inthelistinthe correctform.

item.
thecorrect
Underline

a takeover.

carryout r Sls1ry
xp r gooff
bringabout. backout I beatup

in dassical/classic
Tomhasalwaysbeeninterested
Greek
mythoogy.
studies;
he'sanexpertonancient
by the
7 Napoleon's
armywas defeated/arrested
at Waterloo
onJune18th.
Brit5hind thePrussians
1E15.
day fol
3 July 4th, 1776 wa5 a historidhistorlcat
America.
4 Thegene{aldecidedto invade/attackthe enemy
campat nightsoasto havetheadvantaqe
for
TheConservatives
hadbeenin power/strength
Partywaselected
overtenyearsbeforethe Labour
agarn

1 Thewarmemorial
wasdestroyed
by anexplosion.
Theprisoner
washit andkickedmanytimesby
theenemy
soldiers.
l Thebombexoloded
in thetowncentre,
4 The soldiersclaimedthey wefe acting tn
accordance
with orders.
to helptherefugees,
5 Thegovernment
hadagreed
but whentheyreahsed
howexpensive
it wouldbe.
theydecidednot to,
o Therevolutlon
did not causeany majorpolttical

cnanges.
7 During
the military
colrp,thearmygainedcontrol
of theparlanrent
building

Fillin timeor times,

It feltjustlikeotd
.
z ljustfeeltiredallthe . ...............
of mooern
It s rheworstnatural
disaster
musician
of all
4 Ithinkhe'sthe greatest
from.............
to
f,
They
used
to gothere
thefilm.
...,.during
6 | feltlrkecryng at .......
of votes.
thenumber
7 Hegotthree
11 Thecompany
withthe
hasn'tmoved
1

Prepositions
+

Appendix
I

about
Fillin oii forbyorm,thenmakesentences
figuresfromyourcountryusingthe
historical
phrases.
.. st\; 3 to belipve
: 2 to fight
sth; 4 to dle
a disease;
5 ..-..-,,,,
Iuck/chance/accident

l rnvolved

175

ListeningPartI

Part2
Listening

a, Read
through
thequestions
belowandunderline
theimportant
doyou
words.
Whatinformation
have
to listen
for?(What.,.?Who...?How
many
...?When
-,.?etc)

Youwillheartwo students
talkinqabout
mysteries
of hi$tory.
First,readthenotsbelow
you
andtryto workoutthekindof information
willneedto listenfor.

talking
ineightdifferent
' o.'Youwillhearpeople
1-8,choosd
thebest
situations.
Forquestions
(A,Bor C).
answer
Youheara History
studenttalking.Whendid
GeJmany
andAndorrasignthe pea{etreaty?
A beforeWorldWarTwo
B during
WorldWarTwo
C at theendof WorldWarOne

3 Youarelistening
to a radioprogramme.
How
manydaysdid luliusCaesar
addto the year46
BC?
A I day
B 66 days
C 67 days
4 Youheara tourguidetalking.Whatdoeshesay
aboutKingLudwig?
A Headmired
Wagner.
B Hedidn'tknowWdgnerat al

C Hewasunfamiliar
withWagner's
music
5 Youhea{a teacher
talkingto herclass.
Whet
doesshewantherstudents
to do?
A watrha filmabouttheSpanish
Explorers
B writeanessay
abouttheSpanish
Explorers
C gathermaterial
abouttheSpanish
Explorers
6 Youheara mantalking.
Whatwerethefats

accu:ed
of?
A a mcralissue

B aneconomic
issue

C a polticassue
7 Youoverhear
a mantalkinq. Whatdoeshe

accuse
the rati oF?
A steaingmoney I
C steaingfood

attackrng
cats

8 Youheartwo peopletalking.Whoarethey
talkingabout?
A a sodier B a politicra
n
C anexplorer

youchoose
I c.' Listen
aoain,
Which
wordshlped
youranswers?

126

I b.,Nowlisten,
andforquestions
1.10,
complete
information
themissing
bywritiilga wordor
shortnhrase
ineachbox.

Youheara boytalkingto hismotherWhatdoes

hesayaboutCaligula?
A Hehada goodsense
of humour
person.
B Hewasa serious
C Hewasdefintelymad.

(Historical
TheMyiteries
of History
events
wrthout
'I

Themystery
of theMa e Celeste.
Year: 2
wasfoundintheAt anticocean.

Theefirptyship

People
whohadbeenonboard
- Crew:7
- faptain

of theCaptain

3
Therewaslotsof 4

on the 5hip

Perhaps
theyuseda 5
frornthe Ma eCeleite?
escape

IO

Theshiphada " lived-ir' look:not\ingwastidiedaway

anono 6

weretaken.

(the
Fosdyke
thatsharkshadeateneveryone
else.

)said

Fosdyke
fel ntothesea,buta I
preverted
himfromdrownng.
dutlrurof thesto.|es
5i' Artr-r ConanDoyle.
about
. wroteabouttheMarieCeleste

inc[dedmany
Conan
Doyle\version
10

that werenot true.

flaveyouheardof anyothermysteries
of
history?

Communication
. Narrating
perconal
expeiiences
\l )ruoenrA

Education

showingdifferent
a. Lookat thetwo pictures
andtontrastthem
waysof learning,
Compare
whichwayyouthinkismore
saying
effective.

A: You'llneverguesswho I justsawin the bank!

6eorgeClooney!
B : George
Clooney,
Yeah,
rightI
A: No, reallf He was changing
dollarsit the
foreign
exchange.
B: You'renotserious,
areyou?
Z A: Waittil youhearwhathappened
to me in the
yesterdayl
supermarket
and
I gotto thecheckout
discovered
thatI hadno monev!
B : NomoneylHowembarrassing!
Whatdidyoudo?
A: hadto leaveeveqdhing
andrushto thebank.
Theykeptmyshopping
for me,though.
B: Thatwasniceof them.

Doyouthinktherearesubjects
Which
notbetaughtat school?
$ whichshould
,.Jt ones
andwhy(not)?

Usethephrases
intheboxto actoutsimilar
dialogues
inthesituations
below.

,1ft

a
!t

1-fir,fli

Protestinq
c. Lookat thetwo pictures
showing
different
waysof
protesting.
Compare
andcontrast
saying
whichis
thepictures
likelyto beheardandiorhave
'

50meeffeft.

I
L
anufr!ii

Startingthe conversation
. Listen
gues+blieve
to this..
' You'I never
. Waittlllyouheaf...
o Doyouknow...?
Expressing
surprise/disbeliefExpressing
sympathy
r Thatl rncredible,/amazing/
. Howawful/terrible/
I
unbelievable
embarrassing
I
. I don't bp ieveit!
Commenting
. You're
notserious,
are
Thatwaslucky!
you?
Thatwasnice(of
. Youcan'tbeserious!
him,her,etc)
. Yeah,right!
oh,no/ | hatethat

Sri ''
ofi EAnir

Yourbestfrend! 5 gettng marfleda nomovrng

to
Auslra
ia.
Youtook a friendout for dinner,but youdrdn't
haveenoughrnoney
to paythe bi
Thebankmachine
tookyourcardandyouhadno
moneyfor the weekend

q( Student
A

partina dernonstrataon
youevertaken
or
d. Have
protest?
Didit have
any
Whatwasthereason?
effect?

i.-.: l-isten
to twocandidates
dolngthespeaking
task.Compare
theirperformances
and
andcontTast
response
to the
as5ess
themintetmsof personal
(howtheyfeelaboutwhatisshown
pictures
inthe
pictures,
to personal
howtheyrelatethepictutes
experiences).

a. Read
thetwodialogues
belowandsayin what
waystheyaresimilar/different.

Everyday
English
. Luck

Canyouguess
whattheotherSpeaKer
says?
1 We'fein lu{kl
yourluck!
2 I can'tbelieve
3 BetterlucknexttimeI
We're
inIurN.!
Oh,youluckything!
B: ww?t5
it open?
5 Hardluck!
o Justrnyluck!

127

partI
a. Lookat thepicture,
thetitle,the
quotation
andthelistof words'
WhatdoYouthinkthetext ls
about?
. alrSnows
watchaerdl Stunts
promoteflYing
lessons
takeflying
record-break
ngstunts
organise
crDss-country
airraces
pilots'
formwomen
organisation
cra5neS
celebrity
transatlanti':
record
crossing
finalflight
mystery
bottom
ofthesea
b. InpaiE,thinkof threequestions

youwouidliketo askabout
Amelia.
thetextquickly
Read
are
andseeif yourquestions
aflsweted,

a. Read
thefirstsentence
of each
paragraph.
Whati5each
paragraph
about?
Canyou
to the
match
thesenterrces
headings
A to l?
b. Nowreadthetextandchoose
fromthelist{A-l)thesentence
eath
whichbestsummarises
part(l-7)of thearticle.
Were
yourguesses
correct?

"-.. dx:{de
urltetien
ol nottlteqos{rsutott$
tfuilsfts
,lYil is.st0pnoilqhg."
tFU0{'Jed,
,jLnefin
8,oiLoil
0
Possiblythe mostfamousfemalepilot ever,Amelia Earhartwas
born in 1897in Karsas,USA funelia hada difficult and unsettled
childhood.Her familytravelleda greatdealsoherfathercouldfind
work Althoughsheoften missedschool,Amelia wastrevertheless
considered
to beverybright acsdemicf,lly.
Sheenjoyedreadingand
poetry,aswellassports)
basketball
andternis.
especiaLly
1

A A flyingstart
B A chance
of a lifetime
C A mysterious
drsppealance
D A $rongpartnership
E Theuncertainty
continues
F A riskybusiness
G A shrning
example
H A change
of ditection
I An unusual
beEinning

After graduatingfrom high school,insteadof going to college,

Arneliadecidedto sh.dy ursing.During the First World War, she
workedas a milita-rynursein Canada.Wlen the war ended,she
becamea socialqorker backin Americaand taughtEnglishto 10
inmigrants. In her free time, Amelia enjoyedgoingto air shows
andwatchingrcrial stunts,whichwereverypopularduringthe
1920s.Her fascinationwith flying begariwhen, at one of the$e.
planeride,andfromthatmomenton
shows,
shetooka ten-minute
15
sheknewshehadto leamto fly
AmeLiatook on severaloddjobsto payfor the flyinglessons
and,
after a year,shehadsavedenoughmoneyto brryherownplane,In
L922,shehegantakingpart in record-breaki:rg
ailemplsandsuunts

l2 8

Vocabulary
Practice
cross-country
ail
andpromotingflyingfor women,$he organised
racesfor womenpilotsandformeda nowfamouswomennilots'
calledthe"Ninety-Nines".
organisation,

Readthe articleagainandfind
words
whichmean.

(line2J
changeable
c ever(line5)
notto betrusled(line23)
(lire33)
famousperson
arrested
iline59)
61)
0n purpose
0i1re

In
Dudngthis time it is reportedthat Ameliahad manycrashes.
thosedaysplaneswereveryunreliableand mostof her accidents
Amelia'sfirst
wereprobablytheresultof enginefiailure.However,
andclosefriefld,Axita Snook,later admittedthat she
i.Dstructor
hadhadherdoubtsaboutAmelia'sskillsasa pilotandherabilityta
takeon the death defyingfeats and the long distanceflights she
becamefarnousfor-

in
b. Explain
thewordsandphrases
bold.

Fgingwasstill onlya hobbyfor Anelia, whoconrinuedto teach,

until onedayshereceivedan invitationto b the firstwomanever
to makethe flight acrossthe Atlanticfrom Canadato Britain.
Amelia madethe flight in 1928and, althougbshe wasonly a
She
passenger
andtwomnflewtheplane,it madehera celebrity.
alsomet her future husband,GeorgePutman,a publisher,who
all thepublicity.
arranged
theflightandorganised
In 1932,Ameliaand George,who were now married,deeided
fromAmericato Britain
Ameliashouldmaketle Atlanticciossing
thefirst
recordson thisflight;shebecame
alone.Shebrokeseveral
wemanto fly the Atlanticsolo,the only personto haveflown it
recordof 13
trviceandsheestablished
a newtransatlsnticcrossing
shebec.ame
evenmor
hoursand 30 minute:s.
Understandably,
famousas a result,earningrspectfor womenpilots all over the
worldby provingthat womencouldfly just aswell asmen,if not

Speaking
Makenotes
aboutAmeliatlifein
thecorrect
order,
chronological
thentalkabouther.Canyou
suggest
titleforthearticle?
another
$

Takeroles
andactoutdialogues
between:
.
.

better-

In June 1937,Amelia took her final flight. Togetherwith Fred

Noonan,her navigator,she set out ftom Miami, Florida in an
flew
attemptto fly aroundtheworld.FromMiami,theysuccessfirlly
the Sahara
to SouthAmerica.from thereto A-fricaandthenacross
Desert to Thailand,Singapore,Java and Ausralia. However,
somewhere
betweenNew Guineaald HowlandIsland,their nert
portofcall,Aflelia'splanedisappeared.
Thelastmessage
thecoast
grrardreceivedfrom Amelia said that shecouldn't seethe island
due to bad weatherand that fuel was runrritrg out. She never
arrived.The US Nary searchedfor days,but there wasno signof
theplane.No wreckage
or bodieswereeverfound,
of AmeliaEarhart.Therc
Mysterystill surroundsthedisappearance
havebeenmanytheoriesaboutwhathappened
to her.Somesay
andhadbeen
thatArneliawesa sovfor theAmericangovemment
Orhersbelieveshespent
sentona secretmissionandwascapturedtherestof herlif lwingon a desertisland,whileothersthinkthat
shedeliberatelv
crashedhet Dlatreinto the Pacific.No oneknows
is that Ameliaran
the truth, althoughthe mostlikelyexplanation
out of fuel andcrashedinto theseaafldthatsheandherplale are
stilllyingsomewhere
offHowlandIsland,at thebottomof thesea.

when
Putman
Amelia& Geolge
theyflrstmeet.(para4)
Amelid& Ceorge
whenthy
decide
on hertransatlantrc
crossing
F as4-5)
while
Amelia& FredNoonan
flyingfromMiamrto south
(para6)
America.

' Discussion

Whichof thefollowing
adjectives
your
bestdescribe
Amelia?
Justify
an5we15.

. optimistic
. stubborn
. deterrnined
. courageous
. daring. easy-gorng
. rebelllor.ts
. patient

Name
twowomen
whofeaiured
in
historyandtalkabout
Yourcountry's
themintemsof:
r
.

whentheylived
whattheyareknownfor

and
Rol+play:
Choose
a paragraph
actoutaninterview
between
a
reporter
andArnelia.

129

3 Thycan'thavereqeived
myrnssage.
thesurprise.
4 Theyshouidn't
havementioned
Theymightnot havknownhowto getherc.
Theycouldhavebeenluckyandgotrn.
7 Theycouldn'thaveknownwe\rlere
coming.
I Theyshouldhavecomewith us.ltt ovelyhere.

Past
forms +
Grammar

Reference

Puttheverbsin thecorrect
oastfotrn.

Smal pox

... thatts history now!

Edward
Jenner
a
{1749- 1823)1) .. . ....... ...(make)
discovery
thdt2)
... (change)
thecourse
of
historyManypeople
3) .........(die)fromsmalpoxin
and for a long tirne,
eighteenth-centuay
England,
.. . (try)to finda cure.Jenner
Jenner
4)
5) ...... ...
. .. (live)in thecountry.
andh
(notice)
6)
thatthelocalmikmaids
never
7) .............(catch)
smallpox
Afterexperimentation,
(conclude)
Jenner
8)
thatthiswasbecause
theyall9) . .. ..... {suffer)fromcowpoxat leastonce
in theirlifeand
10) . . .... ....... (become)
therefore,
immuneto smalpox. Basedon theseobse,"./ationi,
lenner11)
......... (develop)
themethod
of
' va ccin a ton "and
in 1798he12) .....
hrsflndngs,In T853,vaccination
13).. . .. .
{publish}
n Britain
and n 1980it wasdeclared
{be)compulsory
by the World Health Assemblythat smalpox
..... (be/eradicated)
14) .......
throughoul
theworld

t'mdlnostrr.ftaiqthey
havewonthelottetyot something.

the following
sentences
inasmanyways
Rephrase
aspossible,
no reply;perhaps
There's
shewrote down the
wrongnumber.
There's
no reply;she
Its freezing
I lt wassillyof menot to bnnganywarfil
clothes!
II
It s freezing
3 It's possrole
tnat leftry glasses
at work
4

KIcnaro

rt's terriblethatI drdn'tremember

herbirthdavl
Fillin thegapswithnedn'ttrdve
or didn\needto
formof theverbtnbrackets.
andthecorrect

you
(do)
Rachel,
allthe workjyoushould
havet mehep youI

Youareteilingsomeone
abouta partythattookplace
tastnight.Lookattheexample,
thenmakea new
sentenCe
to matcheachgivensentence.
Youhaveto
useallfourwordsintheboxineachsentence,
Paul

leave

Tina

j.l ratt lvlodal:

(make)
Bertha
dessert
asJohnhadalready
boughta brgc aK e, 50
shedidn't.

(lie)aboutthebroken
3 Thelrols
windcw;we wouldr'thovepLrnished
rhemanyway.
(take)
4 Susa^
to givehera lift.
a taxihome;Frank
offered

arrive

Paulwantedto seeTind,but didn'tknowshewas

already
there
PoulleftwlthoutknowinE
thotTinahadslready
aftived.
2 Pauwantedto avoidT'lna
Paulwaskeento seel-ina
TinawasjustIntimpto catchPaul.
Paul.
5 llna jLstmissed
6 Paubumped
IntoTinaon the doorstep.

Inpairs,
actoutex(nan9es.

1 lohfl didn'tconreto the party.{must}

2
3

.}

brdrnmat
KeTetence

(a- h)to rephrase

Usethephrases
thesentences
(t - 8).

1sa pity
amsure
avna.na.l thon

130

'm notsure

e It waswrong
I l'm almostrenain
a chance
I There's
n It'sunlkely

1 Theymusthavewon the lotteryorsomething.

7 Theyshouldhavearrivedby now.

It's likely
that Richard
hasborrowed
the car.

pastmodals.
using
appropriate
Makesentences

7
)

A: Didyat hearthottohndidn'tcorrerc thepo,ryl

8: Oh,hemust
hove
hadsomething
better
todo.
(can't)
Tonywasdrivinga B\4Wyesterday.
Ann boughta reallyexpensive
deslgneroutfit.
(may)
(should)
Kathryn
wasn'taccepted
dt Oxford.
Lydiahada hardtimefindnga flat.(could)

.i

tstI

lohnmissed
hisflight
lina didn'tturnupat+
-i. the rneeting. """,.'

beenwoMnqallnight.
Hemusthove

''": WordFormation:
verbs

English
tn Use- Part2

torrnverbsusing:-iig +nor en-.Use

the vrbsto form senteflces.
1 flch
Ietror
5 cnaracter

2 deaf
4 close
.; 6 sympathy

.. .. .. . .....;
; 7 memory
I rage

English
In Use- Part3
using
the
thesenGnces
Cofiplete
tlvoandfrve
wordonren.
UsebetwEen
thew0rdgiven.
wor&.Donotchange
It was wong of youto put the
blameon Nina.
.10t

Yo u. . . . . . .....

on Nina.
theblame
When got home,the kidswere
in bed.
already
time Thekidshadgoneto bed
home.
3 Thrsprolect
willneeda lot oFcare.
have Thrsprolect
carefully.
me.
4 rdon'tthlnk
sherecognised

have she

1 0 Readthetextandfillinthewordthatbestfitseachgap,Useonlyone
word.

readhistory
in thepast,we l) ..,..,.,,......
lf wewantto find 0) outwhathappened

thestudyofthe
to leamaboutthepastis archaeology:
books.Another2) .,.....,...-.,.
pastthroughthe thingspeoplehavelelt 5)
, The written word and
archaeolDgical
remainsarevery differentfrom 4) ,.-...,.....-.other,of course,but is
temptedto saythat
one morereliablethan the othEr?You might5) ,.............
urana pileof old bones,say,or
writtendownis 6) ,-..--,...--...
dependabLe
something
period.But stopa minuteandlhink: is thisreallythe
weapons
ftoin a prehistoric
case?

On an archaeologicaldig, excayationinvolvesunc$vefingartefactsand
time.Thingsliterally"cometo
structurs
that havebeenburiedfor a ?) .....-....-,.,.
gel detailed
enablearcbaeologists
8) .......-"...-,.
ligbt"-Moderr scietrtifictechniques
differentfoodshave
informationon what they havediscovered,
like 9) "....-..,-....,
the sex,age and sizeoIa
beencookedin a ciay pot, for exarnple,l0) ---..-..--.-humanskelton.

It is probably almost impossib

lf) --....-......-.
wntinghistory,whats
Readinghistory,lherefore,anddoinl
processof uncovering:the objEctivetrulh 12).....-.....--..
to b
separated fTom the subjective falsehood. f3)
archaeoJogical
remains and historical documentsneed to be ":
is,
interpreted:neithercanbe takenat facevalue.The 14) .........".....
the evidencefrom a clay pol or a pile of bones Inay be just
account,
l5) .......".-.-...
reliableasa \+rittnhistorical

me.
theln.
Maryfailed
to impress
succeed
Mary...
them.
6 How did sheflnd out aboutthe
competition?

Enolish
in Use- Part4
at eachline.lf a hneis
thetextbelowandlookcarefully
Itl 1 Read
puta tick(./) byit. lf it hasa wordwhichshouldnot be
correct,
there,wr;tethewordat theendof theline,

known HOw

.........
thecompetitlon?
. +h^!,
been n^t"--,1
delayed
they h-r^
haveh^^suPpose

somewnere.
couro |nev........
.. . . .... .....somewhere.
Leaving
withoutsayinqgoodby
wouldnotber qht
to
I thLnk
we

teave.
.. ,... ............we
s Gen tastwroteto htma montn
ago
heard He
toramonth10 I wish Bill had let us know he
!
wasn,tcomlng
...
let
Blll ... ..
hewasn,tComtng!
.. __..

the 0 very
lt
vE] c"'o4'
arnazing
therearebetween
'L rs
'r very
'e how
"vrv many
"'o",y coincidences
presidents, 00
livesanddeaths
of thetwo assassinated
American
A hundred
1
Allraham
Lincoln
and,lohn
F Kennedy.
of years
1
Abraham
Lincoln
was
exactly
separate
thefollcwing
events:
l
elected
it to conqress
Ln1846whlleJohnF Kennedy
was
the president
in 1860,Kennedy 4
electedn 1946Llncoln
became
lt rs l
in 1960.
50what,youmaythink- a fewof datescorrespond.
anoneinteresting
idea,but youdon'tthinkit istooamazing. 6
1
Well,justwait.lt getsmorebetter.BothpresidenG
were
particularly
Andwhatisaboutthe
factthat
I
rnvolved
ln civilrights.
theywrebothadvised
I
on thedaytheygot shotnotto goto the
10
lheatre.
in thecaseofthe former.
andDallas.
in the caseof the
atter?Thatisnotal
, bothof presdentswereshotona Friday, 11
12
andbothin theheadwhilewersittingbeside
theirwivesl
Lin{oln
diedin .1865
whileh ssuccessor,
named
AndrewJohnson, 13
passed
farawayin1875Kennedydiedin
1963,hissuccessor,14
called
bylohnson,
15
in 1973.Here's
thefinalpdrtof thepuzze:
bothaSSASSins
werein turnassdssinated
before
theirtrials.

131

T
I
When we write d story.we can use flashback
narrationThisis whenthestorystaftsin the middle
andlhen earliereventsareintloducedusingthe Past
PerfpctThestorycontinues
usir]gnormapasttenses,
leadirgthereaders
lherr
to the pointwhereil began,
goesonlo theendof thestory

Analysing
a Story
themodel
b, Read
andputtheparagraphs
inthe
given
correct
order.
Does
thestoryfit theending
intherubric?

wecanalsousethe followng techntques:

, I na nerrative
description
of people:
physicalappearance,
When desrribinqsomeone's
(height,build,age)
startwith the generalfeatLres
andmoveon to morespecFconessucha5hair,eyes,
ptionof the c othesthe personis
noseetc.A descr

,-

had oll
startedwhenhe had
entered
a shortstory
cofipetition in his
favourite magaztne.
He hodn'tthoughrhis
story wos very good,
so he wds extremely
surprised
whnit won
first prize.rhe prize
was o holidayin the
Frenchcoufitryside.
--T-it

wearrnqcanalsobe added

. description
of pldces/buildings/scenes
Whendescribing
a pla(e,staft by describing
ts
plion of its
location followedby a vivid descr
interior(rocms,
furniture
etc)or exterlor(whattt is
madeofl.A varietyof adjectives
or refurence
to the
(sight,
senses
hcaring,
tasteandtoLrrn)c6natsoDe
included.
participles
(e.g.
at the beginningof sentences
'Exhousted,
hewentho,fle'lnstead
of 'Hewosexhousted
50hewenthome,l
a varietyof verbs{e g 'icftafied'instead
af'said)
. similes(e.q.l.lefeltsorelieved
thathecriedlikeo boby.l

uno"tttunding
1
theRubric
paying
a- Read
therubricbelow,
careful
attention
to theunderlined
Then
answer
ohrases.
the
ouestions
thatfollow.
A pgplln1-.'1aeSezt[C
rs holdingd short :;-ror,/
competition
andvout!d!e_-df(!dcd
10der. Youf
storyrnust
endwilhthefolowngwords:
Heknew.
athewalked
owauthothewouldnever
return.
1 Whoisgoingto feadyourstory?
2 lsthestorytoidin thefirstor thirdperson?
3 Thrnk
of answer:
to thesequestions
aboutthemain

character
inyourstory:
. Whatrshisname?
. Wheredidhewa k awayfrom?Why?
. Howdidhefee?
.+ Whichof the followng shoud yourstoryrontan?
I rck(/).

x a varietyof pasttenses
T
I

tr
132

ve.os n lrelFnt and presertpprfFc-ten5e5

anexplarratron
ofwhyhe"woud never
return"
a varetyof romplex
characters

plot
an iflterEsting
andbelievable
tnegNenldstsnlence

lohn pickedup the ffirdboardbox lull o[

and left his office.He kl1ew,
his belongings
ds he
walkeda,\ey, that hewoufdneverteturn.

as soonfls he returnedto England,

ffil
John
started writing a novel.He workedlate every
night for two years, writing page a(ter page.
When rhe book was finishedhe sent it to a
publisher.
The riovelbecamea bestseller,and lahn
becamevery wealthy.He boughthimselfa lorrely
stonehouie in Fraftceand told his bossthat he
was leavingthe &mpany.

EE

Jotn emptiedthe drawersof his deskand

put the contentsinto d largeurdbaardbox.He

felt a littJesad to be leavingthis office.nfter
all, he had spenreighEhoursa day herefor the
lflst ten yedrs.Nowhe was leavinghis job, and
his country.
rne cottage he had stayed jn was
fTfl
beautiful.lt wss a small white buildingwith
carvedwaadenshutters0n the windowsand a
heauyoldwoadendoorwith plnkrosesarguilrd
itJohnlovedthe placefrofi the first nlomenthe
sdwit. Hedetidedthat oneday,he wouldhuy a
just likethis,ottdlivein Francefor the rest
house
of his life.

theadjectives
used
c. Underline
to describe
the
Whicharetelatedto sizey'opinion/
cottagematerial/colour?

d. Nowputtheseevents
fromthestoryinthe
orderinwhichtheyhappened.
Where
doesthe
writerchoose
to begin?

E
E
E
E
T
E

johnwonflrstprizein a shortstorycompetitiofi.
iohnstarted
writinga novet
in a cardboard
box
Johnputh s belongings
countryside.
Johnwentonhoidaytc theFrench
Johnlefthisoffice
John
s novel
became
a bestsellet

ill

(5

thedoorbehind
himandlooked
Michael
closed
at himself
in the 1)smallmirroron the wall.His2)beautifulFdce
seemedpalerthan usualand a I of a suddenhe felt
3)ver'ytLredHethoughtof allthe4) badthingsthathad
happned
thatday.lt wasclearto himnowthathedidn't
in this5)big 5) uglycity.
belonq

It wasa 1)nicesLnnymornrng
whenwe setoff on our
journey.
Thesky ooked2)veryblue with ony a few

Flashback

3)small cloudson the dlstanthorizon.The ship we

plotline{listed
Read
inchronological
thefollowing
andchoo$e
order)for a storyntitledHomeAtldJt
an
eventto beginwithsoyoucantellthestoryasa
past
appropriate
flashback.
Then
tellthestory.
using

We
travelled
on was4) big and had5)good cabins.
musthavebeenhalfway
therewhenlwas roused
from
mynapbya 6) badscream.
lt tookmea wh le to come
to mysenses.
butthenls:w a 7)smallwomanin front
of me,looking8)veryscared.

Ien5e5.
/ go to
hersmalvrlrage
Margaret
decided
to leave
biq city
thingshecouldafford/
shefounda cheap
fiaVcnly
dark,fl thy
shestartedlookingfora job/ no results
gaveast
soonshegot behrnd
wth rent./landlady
warntng
/ sorneone
halfawake
tried
onenighthalfasleep

break
in
packed
herbagsandwentbackhome/ promised

talkaboutwhatcouidhavehappened
c. In pairs,
beforeandaftereachof theseextracts.

$ reelings
Read
thespeech
bubbles.
Howdothespeakers
fee[?l\tlatch
theadjectives
{1-5)to whatthe
speakers
say{A-F).
wonderhow
nappeneG.

neverto leavehometownagarn

hadenough
thisI

.$ nAlectives/Adverbs

a. Thefollowing
canbeused
adjective#adverbs
onesinthetableto
instead
of thesimplistic
people/
places.
describe
Puttheminthecorrect
box,thensaywhichcanbeusedforpeople,
whichforolaces
andwhichforboth.

WhatafirI goingto

oonow/
lcan'tbelieve
t hi s !

r extremelv
. handsome
. rather. massive
. lovely
. tiny. di5gurti'lg
r rasV. enormoLs
r amazingly
. wonderful
. superb
miniature
.evil . huge. attrastive
. wrcked
hideous
. tenible. absolutelv
short. fabulous
. charming
I microscopic
pleasant

WillI getthe

l'm [ooking
fcrward
to writ ng myfirst
novel!

bis
small
beautiful

u9ty

very
gooc[/nice
Dao

b. Nowreplace
inboldinthefollowing
thewords
paragraphs
wordsfromtheboxes
withsuitable
above.

'l worried

2 arnau
ed

3 curious
4 annoyecj

EXCIO

anxious

b. Now,withthehetpoftheadjectives
andtne
speech
b,rbbles,
makesenterces,
asin the
examole.
Shewaicunou:
tofind outwhat
hodhazlened.

133

Putthwordsandexplessions
feelings
in
describing
thecorredbox-Somefit in morethanonecategory,
Thenusethemto makesentences.
.
.
.
.

feltccld.Shec osedthewindow
5 Sherla
6 Davewasdisgrsted.
Davepaidhisbillandleftth
resraurant.
7 Tomwasverybrave.Heentered
the hauntedhouse
atone.
I He clung10 the srdeof the cl|ff. He waitedfor
daylight
to come.
withcold.Wefinalyreached
Weshivered
theshore.
1 0 Theydidn'twantto waketheirparents.
Theycrept
downthestairs.

. thrlled
r miserable
scared
stiffr delighted
I entertained
.overjoyed
. peased
downhearted
. moodyr terrifiedr overthemoon
frtghtened
. elated
desperate
amused
nappy

sao
ex{ited

A si.it*t
a. MatchcolumnA to columnBto complete
the
similes,
asintheexample.

Whenshesowthcblorkfigure,nf,ontof het,shewosscored
sttff.

1
2
3
4
5
6

Verbs
a. Read
theparagraph,
thenreplace
theverbsin
boldwithverbsin thelistinthecorrect
form.

b. Canyousuggest
a beginnlng/ending
ta the

story?

fr) Particiotes
Jointhesentences
or pastparticiples,
usingpresent
asintheexamnle,

a5qurckas
asfreshas
aspleased
as
asflgnras

to runlike
aswhiteas
to crylike
8 to havea memorytike

. gloan. mun'tble
l stare. Scteam
. peet. wnSper

'Vr'otchoutl" | 1l solj ot the f op of mv

voice.but it wos olreodytoo lole. Jimond l
both stood there 2) lookingat the cyctlst
flyingoff hisbike ond hitling the enormous
hole n lhe rood, "ls he hurl?' Jim 3l soid
quletly,tremblingwith feor "l don''fknow."I
41 soidsottly,Ai thql moment the young
mon slowlylifted hisheod ond 5) lookedat
usin confusion,,\r'hothoppened?"
he 6) soid
in poin,'\,Vhere
om l?"

a sheet
o a baby
a flash
o a daisy
a sEle

puncn

thewind
n rdin

b, Nowusethesimiles
to
writesentences,
asinthe
examp16.
Asquickasa flash,sheskied
dawn

theslw.

unCerstanding
the Rubric
2
Readthefollowinqrubricandanswer
the
ouesflons.
The editorof a studentmagazine
has invrted
readers
to sendin a story.Thestoryrnustbegin
wfththefollowing
sentence:
I r]j,nt@lievelhitrshappening,'lthought,osI
sawJone

wolkintotherestouant.
Thebeststorywinsa freemealat a restau{ant
of

your cnoKe.
TrarywascryingSheraninto hermother's
lovng
arm5.

Crying,
iacyranintohermothefs
loving
arms.

134

He was fascinatedHe walkedtowardsthe bright

ight.
Shewasterrified.
Shehidunderthebed.
HelEfttherestaurant.
Hemetanoldschool
frlend.

Writeyourstoryforthemagazine
thestory?
1 Who s telling
't
Wheredoesthestorytakeplace?
Whocouldlanebe?
A
Whatagecouldtheybe?
5 Howdoyouthinktheyknoweachother?

(A& B),thenanswer
thE
b. Read
thetwomodels
I to 15.
ouestions

(t
J

r{

o
o
E

' can'tbelieve
thisis happeing,"Ithought.asI
saw Janewalk into the restaurantShe hadn't
with
chanoed
at all.Shewasstilltall and beautiful,
wavyblondehairandbrightgreeneyesI smiledand
thoughtof how my life had changedsin.ewe had
lastmt.
It had all startedwhenI noti(edherat a party l
hadfollowedherto the buffetandstartedtalkingto
in
her aboutthe food. 'You seemveryinterested
"Well,l'm 6 greatrook.' I told
food,' shelaughed.
to seeher
her lt wasa lie.but I hadto findanexcuse
"
again"Whydon'tI cookyoudin ersometlme?
embarrassing.
The dlnnerparty wa$ extremely
andprtended
restaurant
I ordered
foodfroma nearby
to washupandfound
thatI hadcooked
it.Sheoffered
Shelaughed
at me
the delivery
boxesin the kitchen.
ldecided
thenand
andI feltawful.Angrywithmyself,
thereto learnhowto cook.
I neversawJaneafterour terribtedinnerdate.I
course
andfoundthatlwasgoodat
started
a cookery
it afterall.lwent on to tlainto bea chef,lworked
hardandsaved
up untillwas ableto openmyown
rfiaurant_
Feeling
as
Nowshehadwalkedintomyrestaurant
pleased
I wasa waiterandwalked
aspunch,I pretended
I asked.
to ordelmadam?"
to hertable"Readv

to me,I saidto
thisis happening
lcafi't belreve
intotherestaurdnt.
myself
whenlaneHarris
wascoming
It wasa longtimesincewe saweachother,but she
nlceandtall,
sheisstillvery
didn'tlookveryditferent.
Scmeweeksaqo I met herat a party.We talked
aboutfood,we bothlikedfoodandI toldherlwas a
chef.Thatwasa lie.lwasn'ta chefbut I wantedto see
for dinner.
lt
heragainsoI toldherto cometo myhouse
take-away
and
wasvervbad.I couldn't
cooksoI ordered
me Whenshe
told herI hadcookedit. shebeleved
shefoundthe
to washthedishes,
wentintothe kitchen
at me,
erfiptyboxes,
Shewasn'tangrysheonlylaughed
to learnto
but I wasshaking
likea leaf.I thendecided
cook.Andnowshe!here.I neverthoughtlwouldsee
heragain,butI learntto cook.I wasverygood.I be(ame
fscargott.
lt's
a chefandnowI havemyownrestarirant
is chirkenand apple
veryfamousand my speciality
andI have
casserole.
I havelotsof wealthycustomers
evenwona fewawards.
to seeJaneherelt wasa bit of
ButI neverexperted
a shock,but nowI willcookherthe bestmealshevef
nao

Whichmodel:
asgivenin the
1 openswiththe sentence
rubric?
bothpresent
andpasttenses?
contains
andadverbs?
3 hasa varlety
of adiectives
4 usespasttenss
correctly?
simplistic
andrepetitive
useof
contarns
verbsandadjectives?
correctly?
6 hasuseda simile
includes
dlrectspeeeh?
I jumpsbackandforward
in timein a
confusingway?
leading
9 hasa clearflashback
section
backto thedistafllpast?
the reader
penonalfacs?
10 includes
irrelevant
thecharacter
s feelings?
11 describes
12 hasserious
errors
intenses?
beginning
fromtheone
13 hasa different
givenintherubric?
14 hasa srmile
thatdoesn't
fit thecontext?
15 makes
noreference
to thechafacter5
feelings
at all?
paragraphs?
t6 doesnot havewell-organrsed

tr
tr
tr

n
tr
tr

tr
tl
I

n
n

tr
tr
n

c. lfl pairs.
\,!ays
of improvins
theweak
suggest
Compare
model.
thenthinkof another
ending.
yourending
paiFs,
to another
Which
doyou
prefer?
d. Inpairs,
lookatthegoodmodelandlistthe
events
in theo{dertheyreallyhappened.
Where
happened
doesthestorybegin?
Which
events
thispoint?Whichevents
happened
before
afterwards?

thekeywordsand,foreachone.anwerthequstions
thatfollow,
1 0 Readthefollowingrubris,underline

a
a

foryoungpeople.
Thenorymustendwith
to wr te a shortstoryior aninternational
Youhavebeeninvrted
magazine
thewords:

a
a

befiusethey
Heknewhecouldnevertellanyone,
wouldnever
him.
belie'te

Writeyourstory
R
*

a
t

a shortstorycompetition.
A localradiostationisrunning
Thecompetition
rulessaythatthestoryrnustbeginor end
withthefollowing
sentence
Sixmonths
ofhardwarkhadfinallypordoff,
Writey6urstory

A magazine
isofferingd prizeior the bestshortstoryw th thetitle:7heDlidiferYoudecde to enterthecornpetition.
WriteyDurstory.

a
a
a
a

Youhavedecidedto entera shortstorycompetition,

rulessaythat the storymustbeginwith the
Thecompetition
fo owingwords:
hadfinollyanived.
I touldn'tbelieve
themoment
Wrte yourstory.

1 Whos gorng
to readyourstoryt
1
MIll your story be narratedin the first or third

person?
Howoldishr'she?
Whoisthemaincharacter?
4 Howmanypeopleare nvoved?
l
WhereAl/hen
couldyourstorytakeplace?

6 Whatrouldyourstorybeabout?
exactly?
7 Whathappened
wil youusemost?
8 Whatten5es
I Wherecouldyouusea flashback
in yourstory?
feelat the endof the
r0 Howcoud the characte(sl

story?

youhavelearned
inthisunit,writeanyof thestoriesabove.Youshouldwritebetween
the information
11 Using
120-I 80
words.

checklist
$
writingyourstorycheckthefollowing:
Whenyouhavefinished
youhaveusedthesentence
givenin therubricInthecorrect
position
the olotiseasvto follow
youhaveused
tensEs
theappropfiate
yourparagraphs
areclearandwellorganised
youhaveusedadject
to makethestorymoreinteresting
vesandadvefus
to thereader
yourstorybegins/ends
in anlnteresting
way
th+rca(enosDellno
mistakes

136

w
F

Lead-in
1

Whatdo
a , Lookat thepictures.
theyhavein tornmon?

job
to make
b. Match
thewords
titles,
thenusethemto labelthe
pictures.

driving
basketba

turor
rcacher
tralner
instructor

private
primaryschool

leflureT
coacn

Lnrversty

persona

Rank
Whatmakes
a 'good'teacher?
inorderof importance,
thepoints
yourlistto Your
thencompare
partner's,

s
o

3%

I a tu fa l l a e n !

c onc e i rat i on
a l e' t n es s
h glr lQ
co n i l 4 rce

r,
o

r)g ri l g o r'ga f s e o

b' e r ' . Jd is c p lir ed

moiiv at r{ ln

rlr*

4 "/"
6%
77o

t3 at"
16

-',rio

227"

29"/.

I wauld
rankrcncenttatnn
higher.
A; Pwsonolly,
a highlQ,forexanple.
Iogree/thrnkit3moreimpaftant
thanhaving
osfaras
youtpoint.
Howeve{,lthinkthot
thefindtngs
orecorrect
C I see
bein6
dis(iolhed
isconcened.
E:

Then,
listento some
thefollowing
statement.
i r Paraphrase
to
discussing
it andmatch
theopinions
teachers
andstudents
the sDeaKetS.
Educarionis a matterbetweenthe personand the world
schoolor collegehaslittle to do with it,
of knowledge:

. patience
. t(flctRess
. kindness
. being
agoodlistener
. asense
. sense
of farness
of humour
. ability
student5
to stimulate
. airof authority
. enthustasm
. knowledge
of thesubject

I lT--l Stephen
[2Tl Paul

howa
Thefollowing
chartshows
responded
groupof British
students
most
"Whatatethe
to theouestion:
at school?"
fotsuccess
imputontfoctors
of
Doyouagree
withthefindings
ingroups,
thesurvey?
Discuss

with thestatement?
b. Howfardoyouagree/di5agree

fET--l Sarah
FN Alan

guideus.
Schools
h
neglect
moreintelligent
studentr
Schoois
ln education.
c CompLrlers
openup newroads
d Studentr
should
helpshape
therreducational
experisnce

placewithoutteachefi?
c. Doyouthinklearning
willevertake
classrooms?
ln oeneral?
Discuss
in baifi.
schools

137

Lookat thepictures,
Howaretheyrelated
to the
title?Howdoyouthinktheobjectsinthepictures
quicklyand
canbeusedinthecyberschool?
Read
check.
(A-l)thathavebeen
a, Lookatthsentences
removed
andunderline
the
fromthearticle
ofeach
sentence
linking
words
atthebeginninq

The most basicchangethat will take placein

ctassrooms
of the futureis the actualideawe tend
to haveof the'classroom'
itself.
I oTEIRowsof desks
allfacingthe reacherandrheblackboard
at rhefront
remained
of the classroorn
havebasically
the same.
Yes,arnvorkcoverrthe walls,but not all pupilscan
see it due to the positioning
of the desla.Small
changes
havebeenmade,however.The blackloard,
in manycases,
hasnow beenreplacedby the hore
practicalwhiteboardand OHPs have started to 10
at thebackof someclassrooms.
appear
fl
The thingthat would reallypuzlle any visitors
from the pastwouldbe the sightof computersin
thosesameclassrooms.
The),are fastbecoming
the
main$ourceof informadon
as well as the main15
means
of presentation
of information
duringlessons.
of chefuture,
Compr.rters
are,indeed,
the claJsrooms
mostof the
fzTl Whilethatwill srillcontinue,
curriculum
will,infacLbefollowed
online.This
isdue
to varioushctors. As accessto online materials-tn
increasesand many schoolshce shoruges of
teachers,it makessenseto take rdvantageof the
latesttechnology.
25
The basic skills neededto play interactive
computergameswill alsobe usedto encourage
children to exDlore and collect educational
information.
Three-dimensional
viewsof cities,for
example,
togetherwiththe latestsoftware,will
maks30
it possible
to walkthroughParisin the company
of a
professional
guide.
Thecurriculum
sharing
of the futurewill include
of projectsbetweenschoolsboth natronallyand
internationally
aswellasonlineclasses.
35
Teachers
will also find their 'classes'
growing,
with lessons
at anytimethrough
anywhere
theuseof videowindows
connecdnt
themdirecdy
to children
fromallovertheworld.

whichsuggestcontrast,
time,emphasis,
result
addition,
andconsequence.
themissing
b. Nowreadthearticle
andmatch
(Al)to thegaps(l-7).There
isone
sentences
extrdsentence
thatyoudonotneedto use,
(0),
There
isanexample
c, Howdidthelinkingwordshelpyo|Jto make
vourchoices?

As parentsgenerallypreferlearningto be at 40
schoolrather than at home,mget}er with the hct

thatpupilsenioycompany
andliketo sharelearning
life will continueas usualfor
with their classmates,

pupilsastheywillsrillneedto attendschool.
FTl
givethe lessons,
mightnot always
but they 45
Teachers
andsupervise
pupils.
will stillbethereto encourage
Furchermore,
the old systemof rowsof pupilshcing
rhefrontof theclassroom
will nodoubtbe replaced
face-toby circlesof desksandchairsto encourage
facediscussion.
50
Projectsandartworkwill be shownon computer
screens,
whilefellowpupilsandvisitorswill be able
to try out the multimediaprogramsproducedby
pupils,Addedro the usualpnsandpncils,
simple
videoproductionand useof softwarewill become55
partof everyday
lifefor schoolchildren.
to
The latestmobilephoneswill allowchildren
videoswith friends,
accesscartoonsand exchange
of course,
will needro stayin
IETlThis technology,
so as to stopphonesringingin the 60
dre playground
wrongPlaceat the wrongtime!

puplls
will be able
leTl Outsidetheclassroom
to record informationusingdi$al camerasand
videorecordersfor their localhistoryproiects,for
example,
whichcanthnbeput onrc computer
the 65
pupils
minutethey retLrrnto school.Futthermore,
studyingdramawill be ableto learnaboutlighting
astheyproduceshortplaysor films.
andcameres
willbeableto masure
theirlevel
| 7Tl Children
of protressthroughoutthe training.Unden,rater
70
willalsohelpchildnen
seewhat
filmingof swimmers
to do and enableteachersto give adviceon
particular
problerns.
is obviorrsly
The costof suchtechnology
high.
Despite this, there is no doubt that ryber 75
areslowlybecoming
a realityworldwide.
classrooms

willalsobeablet0 exchange
A Aswellasthis,talnted
musi{Ens
fie music
lheyproduce
inmlchfie same
way.
past,
video
interviews
wlllbecomea
normal
B Incomparis0n
101he
pupils
pa,,t
lo produce
miniolproiect
workinscltools,
allowlng
d0cu,flentanes.
yars,
thesam
meaning,
C Formany
thewordhashadmuch
thatwil
however,
il is actually
therole0fteachers
D Intirefulure,
chanqe.
bypupils
allworking
bereplaced
E Therelore,
willt'ieclassruom

r'erll0tely..
orlrumhome?

hasalways
F W.thout
a doubt,
theteat!'er
been
ThefocusInIle
ofknowledue.
classr0om
andthemainsource
0t lodaywouldbasically
G Evns0,theclassr00ms
stillbe
t0avisitor
from,lts say.Victorian
times
!
rEc{ignlsaDle
malenals,
rl Asa resu{0l theInlroducti0r
fie.anhaFrng
0l state-0fevengymiraslics
classes
wili change
t0 include
on-scren
programs
pupils
whete
canact-ally
wrlteach
ofier.
co-lpEle
pupils
project
I Consequenlly,
wil beablel0 work0nthesame
together,
lor example.
sharing
opinions
andlinding
s0utions,
withoutlhe
need
fff boafds
althtonl0flheirclassrooms.

Vocabulary
Practice
Read
thetextandfindallthewordsrelatedto
education.
Categorise
themintonouns,
aotecttves
anoverDs-

b. Explain
thehighlighted
wordsin thetext.

TextAnalvsis
thebestdefinition
thesephrases
Choose
to explain
fromthetext.
.. mainmeans
of presentat;on
...(lines15-16)
a themostwidely-used
wayof givinga prze
b themostwidely-used
wayof showing
sornething
z ...access
to onlirematerials
...(ljne20)
a abilltyto useinformation
on theInternet
b abilityto usetoo muchinformaticn
ontheInternet
...three-dimensional
vrews
of cites...(line29)
a threedifferent
vrews
of eachof thecities
b v ewsthalseemrealandnatural
ratherthanflat
4 ...faceto faredisrusslon
...(tines
49-50)
y
e taLkto others
drrect
b complain
to othe6directly
trainng
5 .. the introduction
of stdte-of-the'aft
matena
s ...(sentence
H)
terhnology
a to startusrngthe besteducational
avarlable

b to start using the b-"st sportsequipment

available

Discussion

a. Makea listofthewriter's
Dredictions
about
in thefuture,Doyouagreewith these
schools
predictions?
Why(not)?Discuss
inpairs.
b. Inpairs,
suggest
another
titleforthetext,then
drawa picturewhichwouldmatchyour
of thefutureclassroonr,
oredidion
fromyourlocalarea
lmagine
thata wealthyperson
to cover
thecostof threeimDortant
hasoffered
Inpairs,
rhanges
at yourschool.
discuss
whichthree
youwouldliketo seeandwhy.
cnanges

139

Education
, Listen
andAmeridan
thechartabouttheAmerican
to a teacher
British
education
andcomplete
comparing
system.
istheeducation
system
inyour
b. Howsimilar/different
inpairs.
country?
Discuss
words/phrases
arerelated
to
Thefollowing
Whendotheyfirstpiaya partin
school/university,
youranswers
Check
withyour
someone's
education?
pEnne/s.

. unrvers
Ty
. 4 ) ..........
. othertraininginstitut
on

18+

. revision
. school
. optional
reports. projects
subjects
. exams
. careers
. seminars
counselling
" lectures
. sandpi
. climbing
science
experiments
frame. tlitorials.
.
. thesis. colouring
' thealphabetdetention
. modelling
. foreign
clay.16u6r;.1t
languages
otetoken
hystudents
at highschool.
)ptionalsublects

I rtu.*,t na school
'l

to thepicturesWhichones
a. lvlatch
theplaces
have?
Whatotherplaces
yourschool
does/did
youfindin yourschool?
can/could

computerlab

.,

gymnasrum
3 torrroor
canteen

musr(room
6 science
ab
7 library
8 staffroom
f

belowto sayhoweachplace
h. [Jsetheprompts
(1.8)isused.Howoftendo/didyouusethese
places?

on the Intrnet/learn
to us differen
research

software
havePElessonvdo
indoor
sporis
Eymnastlcvplay
withfriends
haveunch/sociahse
fieeperiodVattend
rneeting
havecoffeebreaksApend
game#socialise
withfriends
spend
breakVplay
locker#display
notices
exhibt arlworkfteep
readbookvstudy
lesson#practise
musical
instruments
havernLsic
hemist,y/Physrcvdo
learnaboutBiology/C
experimen
books.
Allbrary
tsused
forreading

$ ryp"rofschools

thecorrect
word,
Underline

schoo,so he
Tornwent to boarding/grammar
theholdays.
onlycamehcmeduring
want my childrento go to a singlesex
2
schoolbecause
lthink ii's bette
comprehensive
forboysandgirlsto learnseparately
go to state/public
I\4ostchildren
schoolwhere
isfree.
education
4 Fly parentscoudn'taffordto sendme to a
schooi
whenlwasyoung
grammar/private
state/public
schools
5 EtonandHarrowarefamous

post/
5 Heretitedat theendof a thirty-year
teachlng
career.
Applyfora fee/grantif youwantto qoto university.

b. Whattypesof schools
arethereinyourcountry?

Exams
& Qualifications
belowWhatdo you
a- Lookat theabbreviations
thinktheletters
standfor?

Verbs
Phrasal
Appendix
?

. GCSE
. NVQ. 'A Level. HND. BL/BSc
. Mp,./Ml5c
. PhD

Filleachgapwiththecorredparticle,
thenexplain
verbs.
thephrasal
over. up rbehindroff rout

might
b. At whatagedoyouthinkstudents
qualifications?
Whatarethe
obtain
these
nearest
inyourcountry?
equivalents

form.
resitinthecorrect
Fillin:faif'pass;
toke;sr+

1 I alwaysrevisethcroughly before I nave to

anexa|Tr.
tstnextweek
hisdriving
He's.............
..
wrthflying
colours.
l Pat........-............
herexams
he .............
. .... hisexams,
he
4 l'm not surprised
didn'trevlse
at all.
in herexarns,
gethighenough
marks
lf shedoesn't
shewill.....-...........
....themin September

5
6

7
I

HHr,.
m]l,

ruU

!v( | rou ru )Ldr r dl o

fifltI

tfrl|l

+
J
I

4,

6-l

Collocations
thenmakesente{es
l/latchtheverbsto thenouns,
thecollocations.
using

z
J

specii'
Thecourse
isdesrgred
ro develop/promote
studyskils.
evening
ciasses.
Theinstitute
ony keeps/holds
at YorkUnlversity.
5hehasbeenacceFted/admitted
l'm afraid you can't hold/keep a prvate

conversation
here

ldioms& Fixedphrases
Underline
thecorrect
wordin eachof thesentences
Whatdothephra$es
Arethere
below.
mean?
similar
idioms
in yourlanguage?

in a book.
6 Inprimary
school
everyone
called
methetea{her's
gotgoodgrades.
/ovelpet
becaus
| always

worasoitenconfused
Underline
thecorredwords.

t,

Clairelearnt the poem by hes,.t/r.nind

beForethe
presenrat
0f.
lf youwantto makethe g/odey'resultyou'li
haveto
studyveryhard.
l'm goinqto ./on,/teach
that boya lessonhewon't
forget.
lacob is in a lesson/class
of his own; his work is
a waysexcellent.
5 Sa-a\rsveryst.idrousShe'salwaysgot hereyeslnos

goto,take.miss,
hold.dismissgrade
1 attend,
fai class
run,offer,do,tak,enrolon,pass,
courS
3 achieve,
Eet,receive

Juletwasnew to the classand hadto do extra

workto catch
withtheothers.
lf youmissschoolfor morethana coupleof days,
youarein danger
of falling...... withyourwork.
I needto go
my Hlstorynotesbecause
we'veEota teston Monday.
lf yoLdon'tpayattention,
how do youexpectto
keep.
,,, ,, withthelesson?
Look
the word in the dictiofaryrf
yourenotsurewhatt means.
We hadto put..................
fieldtrip
ourBiology
because
theweather
wassobad.
Sirnonwas told
when his
severely
parents
sawhisschool
report.
We couldnt work
what had gone
wrongwithourscience
experiment,
soin the end

preoositions
|-

Appendix1

about
1 0 Fillin:h, for,of,thenmakesentences

education,

1 t o prepare
.... .,../rese..... ./study.... ...anexanr;
2 t o betop .........
. . .. sth
theclass;3 to speclalise.

141

ening- Port3
Listening

Whatproblems
cantruanrycause
a student?

Lookat the questrons

1 to / below,underJine
the
keywordsandtry to predictthe rightanswer

aboutexams.
a. Youwjlihearfivepeople
talking
(A'F)
Before
youlisten,lookat thesixphrases
listedbelow.Whatdoyouexptteachspeaker
to talkabor.!t?

Listen
to theinterview
andforquestions
1-7
(A"Bor C).
choose
theconectanswer
DrGreenway
implies
thatsomechildren
who
playtruant
A dosoinorderto earnmoney.
B behave
badlyin public
punished
C arenever
2 Whydo someparents
taketheirchildren
on
holiday
duringtermtime?
A Because
it'speakseason
B Tospend
t metogether
asa family
C Tosaverno!1ey
3 Whyisit difficultfor schools
to convince
studentsto attendregularly?
A Parents
seta badexample
for thern
B Thereis nogoodreason
to attend.
C Some
teachefs
behave
irresponsibly
4 Whatisthegovemmentk
contribution
to
truancy?
combating
A Theyhavebeentryinqforyears.
B Theyareonlyjustbeginning
to help.
C Theirheiphasarrived
toolate.

tup.)Forspeakers
1-5,choose
whichof thesrrbjects
(A-F)
thepeople
about.
There
dretalking
isone
extrasubject
whichyoudo notneedto use.
Lackof confldence
Speaker
t!
B Working
too hard
Speaker
2[
c Pressure
to dowel froma parent
Speaker
3!
D A newkindof exam
5pea
ker4
E A newwayof fi]arking
Speaker
5f
F A surprising
result

Canyourelateto anyof the speakers?

Who?
How?Tellthedassaboutit.

ListeningPan4
a. Youwilllistento a radiointerview
aboutthe
problem
youlisten,discuss
of truancy.
Before
thefollowing.
Inyouroprnion,
whatarethereasons
students
stay
awayfrorrr
schccl?
Thinkabout:
. boredom. influence
of friends

. problems
probterns
atschool. family

142

5 Whyarethe government
havingralkswith
travelagnts?
A Toconvince
themto offerparents
cheap
holidays
B Tomakesurethatchildren
don'tplaytruant
C Togethep fromthemin combating
truanry
6 Whatarethe aimsof 'behaviour
improvement

proiests'?
A Toteachpirentsto bemoreresponsible
B Toteachstudents
lhe esonstheyhavem ssed
C Toteachstudents
to takeschoolmoreserously
7 WhatdoesDrGreenway
5ayaboutthe law
truancy?
against
A The awisnotstrictenoughB Farnts
arenotoftenprosecuted.
facecriminal
C lvlanyparents
charges.

c. Whichof thefollowingthingsdoyouthinkwould
incombating
bemosteffective
truancy?
Rank
them,thencompare
Yourlistto yourpartners.

n morenlerestingessons
n policeinvolvement
parentlng
tr
I
T

moreresponsible
stnctpunishment
to respect
reaching
students
schoo.

Communication

SpeakingPort3

. Congratulating
- Consoling

stuayins
abroad
I
J

Workin pairs.Herearesomepictures
of thingsa
person
mighttakewithhimwhenstudying
abroad
for a yearFirst,talkto eachotherabouthow
important
eachitemisto youwhenyouareaway
fromhome.Thenchoose
threeitemsthatyou
wouldn't
leave
homewithout,

a, Read
thedialogues
andunderline
thephrases
Whatis
usedforcongratulating
andconsoling.
thesjtuation
in eachdialoque?
A: Whats thematter,
Tom?Youlooka bit upset.
B: Yeah,I amupset,actually.
liust got a 'C' in my
Physics
exarn.
A: Nevermind.lt'snotasbadasyouthink.lts still
grade.
a passing
B : rsuppose.
7 A: Georgia?
Areyoufreeafterclass?
B : Yes,I am.Whyr
yesterday,
A: Well,lgot my drivjnglicence
and I
thoughtwe couldgo ourf+r a biteto eat.
8: Ohmygoodnessl
Congratulations!
l'rnsohappy
foryou!

b. Usetheuseful
language
intheboxto actout
(1-4).
similar
dialogues
forthesituations
Congratulating
. Congratulations! .
. Welldone!
.
. Brilliant!/Excellentl/ .
.
Super!
l'rn(reay)happyloryou!l.

Consoling
'Thatstoo bad/aFrtv/ashame.

Don'tletit getyoudown.
Never
m nd.
Don'tworry.

You'llbef ne/OFJalriqht.
. I m 5050rry
Goodfor you!
. That'sgreali^/o^derful/
| | l s norasbadasit seemV
fantdsriL
news!
| you lhrnk
1 A friendhaspassed
herexamsz Yourbrotherhescrashed
hiscar
I
gotaccepted
Yoursister
to studymedicine
abroad.
4 A friendhaslosthisjcb.

Everyday
English
. Reacting
Students

questions.
Discuss
threeof thefollowing
qo awayto study?
people
1 Whatarethereasons
2 What problemican someonewho is studying
abroadface?
3 would youliketo studyin a foreigncountry?Why
{not)?

rt Listen
to twocandidates
doingthespeaking
"i above
tasks
andassess
themintermsof:
. grammar
accuracy
. pronunciation
. rnteractrvrty

Lookat sentences
1to 8.Then(hooseohrases
from
thelistandln pairsactoutshortexrhanges
positively
reacting
or negatively.
. 0K. . Nevef
I Notat a L r Goahead.
fi-rind.
. Pity. Whynot l'd loveto. . Yes,actually.
'
. You'dbetternot.r Lel'snot. . Poor. Quilewell.
. Reasonable.
. l'drather
not. . Terriblv
lwon'tbeableto
makeit.
go?
Shallwe
Doyoumind?
Howdid it go?

A: I won'tbeobletomakeit.
B: Pity.

Afeyoucoming
then?
6 Whataremychances?
7 Can try?
I Itied really
hard.
E

143

- Part2
Reading
a. Youwil readanextract
Hughes'
fromThomas
TomBrown's
Schooldays.
Beforeyoureadthe
aboilttheauthor
extract,
readtheinformation
thequestions.
andthenovel,
andanswer
(18?2-1896)'
! ' -EThomas
r r.tulrrqrHughes
. ^"f^::"-t-:.:'On
I.rr his novel

marmY
remernbeted
is
novelist,

Thenovelis
(L85?)
t'n"oldavs
himself
whereHughes
School

"irriir"-"i
#ff*tt
o*iih-*nt
t*'*-:

'"us

ntt"ptabteandbuUying

^',--,J"v +art o[ life with

lesscapable

he lourth form, in whtch Tom found

himselfat thebeginningof thenut hnlfyear, wa,sthe laryestform in the lower
schoolandnumberedupwardsofforty boys,Young
gentlenxen
of ali agesfrom ninen fifwen wereto be
theirenetryon thcLatin and
found there,expending
Greektextsthat werehandedottt dailv. Havinsto
teachthisform masthavebeendfficuh workfor thc
unfortunatenfi,sterfrs tt wasthe mastunkappily
coftsitutedclasrin theschool.Hercweretheweaker .
boys,wha,for the Efeof thcm,could.neverleamthe
necessary
grummarfor them k) mouen a hig,her
fom. They werc the objectsof amusementand

ilIo'"*'"-'::**^.-T""jy":,':'l:lH,T;
on
i4o1*
clever
and
of
fun
made
f"i'g
'

vvrv

--

''o

is
Tom
extact'
this
In
unfairlY,
to a
quiet,imocEntYoungboY'
on"o,har
Brownal
are:Tom
Hrrghes
*ork* byThomas
O$ordA LaYnanbfaith etc -.:*+'44G.:'.++'ff.
4"

-i,\rri;-..{r!

Whatdo youthink'toughconditions'
mighthave
included
?
2 Doesbulyingexistln schoos in yourcountry?
I

b. Whatactions
canbedescribed
asbullying?
In
pairs,
makea list,thenreadthetextquickly
and
checkif yourguesses
werecorrect.

a. Lookat questions
1-7.Undetline
themain
pointsinthequestions,
thenquickly
readthe
textandfindtheoartsof thetextwhich
include
theanswers.
b. Read
thetextagain
andforquestions
1-7,

(A,B,Cor D),
choose
thecorrect
answer
Whatwasthe mainproblemwith the foufth
form?
A There
weretoo manystudents
waspoor
B Thelevelofteaching
C lt hadd rnrxture
of agesandabilties.
D LatinandGreek
weredifficull
to teach.
Whatdid the teachertry to do on many
occasions?
A movecearain
studentsto anotherevel
B makefun of TomBrown
C helpthosestudents
whowereunhappy
D pointoutstudents'
mistakes

Whatwasthewriter'sopinionof EastandTom
Brown?
A Theywereserious
students.
B Theywerehopeless
sludents,

144

teffor to thEyoungstefitwho weredailypointing oilt

rheir mktake.sand laughingaI them in the lason,

and gettingkickedby themfor doingso in playhoun. Therc were na lessthan three unhappy

C Theywefealwa)shaving
lun,
D Theyweretypical,
naughty
boys.
Thecleverboysalwaysseemedto
A recoEnize
theirtalents.
B playfairlywithothers.
time.
C havea difficult
progressing
quickly.
D dislike
WhathadTornbeenlikeat the endof the third
form?
e
A. manageab
c verystrong
B well-behaved
D verysteady

monthlyexamination,
Drlring
the second
Tom
A reallycaredaboutthere5ults.
allthewaythrough.
B wasworried
thattheteacher
wasin a badmood.
C realised
soasnotto disturb
D whispered
theothers.
to theclever
Whathappened
boy?
thepassage
A Hetranslated
well.
confused
B Hebecame
silent.
C Hebecame
D HesulprsedtheDoctor

fellawswhom the Doctor and tht masterof tle

form werealwaysendeavouringto promotc into
the upperschoal,but whoseeffortsresistedlhe 20
mostwell-meanlpushes.Thencamethc massof
the fonn, boysof elevenand twelw, the most
and recUessageof Bntkh youfii" ol
mi$chiEvotts
whomEastand Tom Brownwercfair specunens,
As fril of nicks as monkqs, thq werealways 25
nuking funof theirmaster,oneanotln4 and lheir
lzssonsand nying to get thEm to be stead! or
$eious tor half an hour togetherwas simply
Theremainderof thefotm ffinsistedof
hopeless.
cleveryoungbqs af nine or teq who weregoing 30
up theschoolat tlw rate of a form a half year,all
boys' hands and wits ageinst them m their
progress,It would havebeenone msn's work to
had fai'rplay and
seethnt the talentedyoungslers
as lhe ntasterhnd other thingsto do, thesebq,s 35
wereforeverbeingshaved"their boaksstolenor
writtenon, theirjacl#ts whilenedand in general
their livesmadedifftcultfor tlwm.
Tom had corneupfrom the third with n grtod
character,but thetemptutionsof thefourth soon 40
proved too strangfor him, and he rapidly felJ
as the rest.
away,and becameas unmanageablc
in mnintainingthe
For someweekshesucceeded
and waslooktl upon
appearanceof steadtness

favourablyoy\his newform master,whoseeyes45

weresoonopenedto Tom'shue{hara,cter.
The only occasintuwhfuh the pupilsrealfu
caredaboutwerethemonthlyuaminatittnswhen
the Doctor cEftiEroLmdto examinetheirfom4 for
onelongaufulhourin tkeworkwhichtheyhad 50
done in the precedingmonth. Tom's second
m.onthlyexaminntioncameroundand the boys
waited.anxiowlyfor it to begin.Tom nevetlifred
hisqes from hisbookbut couldfeel theDoctor's
mood.as he whispercdto lhe mflster.At lastthe fl
whispenngcmsed and the rurmecalledoul was
not Brcwn. The hoy who was called up to he
examined
f.tst wasa clever,merryboyand a g'eat
favourite of thc Doctor, who asked hint to
trarlslfltea Latin pasage-On cofinon occasiorar0
the boy coald.have traralatedthe passagewell
enough,
but now hisheadwasEoneandhemade
someterriblemistakcs.A shadderran throughthe
wholeform and the Doctor'swralh failty hoiled
over.He madethreestepsup to theboyrandgave 65
him a good bat on the ear The blow wasnol a
that
hard one,but theboywassotakenby surprise
hefell backoverthebenchonto thefloor behind.
Therewasa deatlsilenceoverIhe wholeschool.
Neverbeforeand nevwagainwhile Tom w s dt 70
lhe
a boyin 4 trEssoru
schooldid theDoctor stril+e
provocationmusthavebeengreat.

'". Vocabulary
Practice
wordsinthepassage
Match
thehighlighted
Then,
explain
the
below.
withtheirsynonyms
wordsinbold.
. prsvious
r qUtCkly
. neSpOnsible
. naughty
. advance
. unlucky
. stopped

L
.l

(lines33-34)
.- temptationsprovedtoo Strong. (lines4G41)

.. a deadsilence.. {line69)

rneposslole
a. Lnoose
louraoFfitves
Io oescflDe
teelrnos
of thebovwnowasexamlneo-

react
to suchpunishment
c. Howmighta student
nowadays?

phrases
aretakenfromthe
c. Thefollowing
passage.
theminyoulownwordsExplain

.
.
.

inpairs
whatyouthinkmighthave
b, Discuss
happened
afterwards.

; TertAnalysis

class. (lines9'10)
. the mostunhappily
{onstltuted
andterrorto the
Theyweretheobjectofamusement
youngsters
.. (linesI 3-14i
. . (line25)
...asfullof trlcksasmonkeys
28-29)
...simply
hopeess...(lines
... would havebeenone manSwork to seethat

. . waslooked
uponfavourably
. . (lines,l4-45)
63-64)
...a shudder
ranthrough
theform. (lines

utscusSton

to
inthetextrelated
b. Findallthewords/phrases
today?
Which
of themarenotused
education.

.
.

.
.

a typical
d, Describe
examdayal yourschool.

a child's
a. Howdoyouthinkbullying
canaffect
Whatcanbedoneaboutit?
behaviour?
punishment
in
at schools
b. lscorporal
allowed
yourcountry?
Why(not)?
Doyouthinkthere
arcanyoccasions
whenit mightbeacceptable?

145

$ rn" Passive ?

causative
Form
S
$&.9

Grammar
Reference

GrammetReference

a . CompaTe
thesentences,
Howdotheydiffer?

a. Howarethetwo sentences
similar/different
in
meaning
andstructure?

Students
takeexanstvtice
ayear,
Exams
oretoken
twkeayear
bystudents

I hadny essay
norked.
Myessay
wosmarkedbytheteocher.

Omitthe
b. Rewrite
in thepassive.
thesentences
agentwherePossible.

2
.J

5
6
7
4

willv sit theschoonext

TheMinister
ol Education
week.
CharesDi{kenswro\eDovidCoppeiield.
muJtwearschool
unforrnsat a I times
Students
Havethccrami.e'sarnounced
rheresuti yet,
Theschoopublishes
thenewsletter
everymonth.
ldnn'tlikepeople
teasing
me.
Someone
hasbroken
this\tuindow.
Thepolicewil[makean arrestsoon

b. Writefullsentences
aboutyourself,
asinthe
example.
yoLrteeth
1 chE,:k
2 Iesty0ureyes
3 cutyourhair

yourcar
4 repair
yourtrouser
5 shorten

lhavemyteeth
checked
bythedentist.

c- Think
of apassive
thatcouldbedoneby
action

people
thefollowing
andmakea $entence.
I a nurse.a judger a teacher
atrafficwarden
.d waiter
amechank.agardener

Rewrite
the sentences
in thecausative
form.
1 Thegardener
wil mowthe lawnon Saturday.
I preferpayingsomeone
to cleanmyhouse.

I willaskN4um
to check
rnvhomework.
4 Thecaterers
havearranged
thefoodforourpa,ty.
5 Theteachelismarking
myessay
6 Jane had asked her secretaryto make the
appointment.

Johnwasgivenapotking
fkket.

Fillin thegapswith byorwrth,

1 ThEexam
hallwasfi ied... .........
nen,ous
Students.
Theschool
wasbadlydamaged
the flre.
I
Thenewgymwasopened
tnemayor.
Thenew schooluniformwasdesiqned
JeffBanks
Theclassroom
wal[swerecovered
the
strdent's
artwork.

Rewrite
thefollowing
sentenres
usingpersonal
and
impersona
I Dassive
structures.
Theythinksheistalented.
sheisthaught
tobetolented.
It tsthoughtthdt sheistdlented.

2 People
oncebelieved
thatthe Eafihwasflal
I
Theyfearthata I passengers
werekilled
ThevundeEtood
thdttheolanhadfailed.
TheyknowshewastellinE
thetruth
b
People
expecr
hewillgoto unrversity.

Lookat thepicture.
Inpairs,
formgueStrons
{rsrng
passive
forms.Thentry to answer
them.
'
.
.
.

r Howoften/held?
ed?
WhaVcal
r presented
Whoiinvited
?
wlth?
bouEhVrented?. speeches
made?
certificate
cal[ed?

What
lsthiscercmany
calledl

Enqusn
In use- rgrt J
Rewrite
thesentences
using
thewordinbold,Use
between
two andfivewords.Donot chanoe
the
wordgiven.

Theprofessor
wasillsotheycancel
edthelecture
owrng
Thelecture
the professor
beingill.
2 Theyestrmate
that a yearat unversitycoststhe
average
studentaboutf7,000.
estirnatedA yearat univers
ty

the averaqe
studentaboutf7.000
3 ltt notworthtryingto peEuade
hlm.
poinl
There
to persuade
him.
lookexacty thesameIo me.
4 Thetwo pictures
tell
l c an' t
the lwo pictures.
Shis a waysrecognised
wherever
shegoes.
5hecan't
avoid
. ...wherever
shegoes.
is comingto fix the networkon
6 A technician
Wednesday.
Wearegotngto
fixed
on Wednesday.
in findingoutwhatthe Fees
7 H e s interested
are.
HE
lik e
whattheFees
are.

5he gets researchdone very

efflciently.
efficient Sheisvery....

English
in Use- Part5

reseatch

madet irnpossible
9 My workload
formeto qoon holiday.
p rev ented
| ........ .. . . .. . , . . . . . .
because
of
on holiday
myworkload.

WordFormationr
-ing/-ed
ending

between:
a. What'sthedifference

Thepetformanrc
wasexdtlng.
Wewere
excited
bytheperformance.
b. Usetheverbsto makesentences
uringan-ingor-edending.
I amuse. fascinate
r bore
. thrill. tire . embarrass

Usethewordaivenincaoitals
to forma wordthatfitsinthe
(0).
space
isanexample
onthatline.There
at thebeginning

TheWorkaf a Libra.rian.
fu Head Librarian
nave
lot of
RESPONSIBLE
0) responsibillty.
As well as managing
a staff of
PERSON
I alsosuoervise
all the
OPEMTE
2) ........
of thelibrary.
- -................,,,.
Thisyearwe navenaca |rrEetncrease
tn me
MEDICINE
number
of 3) ......
students.
Due to
the exffademand
for librarytimethishascreated,
EXTEND
our hours.I havealso
we've{} .................,.,............
beenaccepted
into the Institutefor Learning
and
Teaching.
RECOGNISE
l seethisas5)..,.,...........,,..,.,.of
nryrole
in suppordng
ACKNOWLEDGE
learning
andas6)
of the teachingrole that I havewithin the library.
I enjoythe 7) .............
VARY
....... ...,...
thejob provides,
FINANCE
thoughtimesare hard8) ................................
. The
budgetwe haveto buy bookshasremained
static
for the past three years,yet book priceshave
SUBSCRIBE
notand 9)
to magazines
and
periodicals
rise.Thisleaves
me with a numberof
DECIDE
difficultl0)
. to make.

English
tn Use- PortI
therightwordto filleachgap(A,B,CorD).
| fl Choose

ValuableLessons
whe adultspraisea ohild0) fortrying,despitounacceptable
work,lheyteachthat1) ......-.....
is moreimponanl
thanresults.
I
onctook 2l ..,.........
a classin the middlgof a terrnfroma
teacher
AfterI hadreturned
a batch
whowasa 3) ,,... ., marker.
papers,
4) ............
receiving
ofmarked
oneboycomplained
a 'C',
to getting'As"'
hesaid.Whsnlsxplained
thalhis
'l'm5) ............
wasbadly6) ..-.........,
heasked:
'Whataboutthepictures?
es$ay
gavsextra
loreffort."
Ourotherteacher
7) .-..........
thoswhotry
butdon'tgetresulls
Reallifeseldom
8)......,.,..
whoinsists
thathe
Andit'sa rarebosswhotolerates
anemployee
praisemaykeepchildrentrom
9) .. . .. . his best.Unmerited
101.........--.
theirowntruecapabililies.
11).....,.,...musician.
Years
ago,mybestfriend
wasa naturally
butshehatedpractising
Herfumilysaweveryeffortas 'brilLiarrt'
Afteronepafticularly
embarrassing
andoftendidbadlyat recitals.
pedormance,
hsr molhersaid,"Youwerewondedul,but that
pianoneedstuningand th audience
was so noisy,tt's no
you lorgotthe secondmovemento
l2)......,.....
Had this girl
herdreams
of a
13)......,....,
criticism,
shemighthaverealised
worse,she
concertcareer.As it was,herplayinggot gradualfy
lost14)............
andeventually
15) .,,.....outolmusicschool

0
1
.,

5
6

7
I
9
l0
1l
l2

13
14
15

D ihrough
B on
c by
try
B attempt c trial
D effort
up
B OVT
OUI
D down
genercus
light
D tenoer
B grvrng
about B for
c with D by
familiar B used
adapted D keen
f maoe D organrseq
expressed
B fixed
marks B grades
noles
scores
awards B merrts
rewards D gran$
L pul
made B did
D went
realisingB succeedrnggaining D meetrng
worthy B deserye0
capableD gifted
doubt B 5name
won0er loke
B offered
gMen
D receNed
explained
interest B energy c mottve D attentt0n
fell
B wenl
c passed D dropped

for

147

Opinionarticlesor ettersare writtenwhen we

wantto express
our personal
opinionon a parttcular
compositions
topic.Theycanbearticles
forpubication,
tor a classassignment,
lettersto the press/authorities.
or lettersto a friend.Theyshouldintluderelevant
informationto suppartour opinron.and use an
on who is goingto read
appropriate
styledepending
thepieceof writing.
we shouldintroduce
the topirn the first paragraph
andstateourop nionclearY lf we write a lettergivng
by givingthe reason
ouropinon,starttheintroduction
forwr tinq.
of two or moreparagraphs
The mainbody consrsts
uewpont suppofted
ea{h presentnga separate
by
reasons/examples.
We can also wtlte a separate
paragraph
viewpoint.
whichstates
theopposinq
Thefinal paragraph
our opinion
summarises/restates
usingdifferentwordr.

anopinionletter
Analysing
a, Readthemodelandchoose
thedorecttopic
senten(es
fromtheonesbelow.

A On the otherhand,a sportsce,'rtre

alsohasits
d sadvantages.
B Whatismore,playinq
a sportcanbuildcharacter.
c Tostartwith,it willprovide
manynewjobs.
D Firrtly,lhere are veryfew sportsfarilitiesin our
town.
an entertainrnent
complex
wouldalsobe
E However,
a goodaddition
to ourtown
I couldsuggest
an excellent
location.
F Furthermore,

Deor5ir/rllodsm,
I omwrrtingwitjrrcgcn
touldbe sPenton o flew
ofreosons'
tre rYerebuilLmoreYoung

Rubric
1
und*ttttnding
the
ffi

Read
thekeywordsand
therubric,
underline
answer
theouestions.
Yourtown hasrecently
beengivena largeyouth
grdnt from the governmentto
development
facilities
mprove
the refteatrona!
foryoungpecple
n yourtown.Themoneycouldbespenton eflhera
new spons centre or a new enteftainment
complexWritea letterto the editorof your ccal
givingyouropinron
newspaper,
o0 howthemoney
should
bespentandwhy.

1$
$
f

1 Whatdo youhaveto wdte?

Whoisthetargetreadpr?
youuse?Why?
3 Whatsty should
4 Whatisyouropinion
onthe topic?
pointsarerelevant
5 Which0f the following
to the
questiDn?
L

areiimited.
tr sportsfacilitesinschools
isold.
cinema
tr Thetown's
people
have
fewfree-time

a(tvities.
T Young
T Thegrantisa largeamountof money.
T Thereisnosportscentreat present.

6 Howwouldyousupport
eachof the pointsyou
chose
fromabove?
7 What information
shotid you intludein your
introduction?
8 Howcould
youendyourletterT

1 48

odditioBit wouldgivethem
woiloble
thonore cunentlY

oi
flTl
rI:r-'t ln
" Dortrtr.rlol
I pel helping
Nevertheless'

m
bestusefor the gront
PeoPte.
beneltcial
for Young
os
soon
os
work
$drts
a*t' atr""i ogreesand
Possible.
Yours
foithfullY,

CliveDunn

alltheooi tsinthe
b, Hasthewritermentioned
rubric?
analternative
conclusion
forthe
c. Suggest
model.

T;
yourparagraphs
etannino

below.
theplanwiththequestions
Complete
a Whatcanyousayin supportof youroplnion?
willdo?
u Whatdo youhopeihe reade(s)
viewpoint?
Whatistheopposing
o Whatisyouropinion?
ficationforthis?
e Whatisthe rea5on4ust

. .. . ..
Tolistpoints:tobeginwth.
Toaddmorepoints:

Togiveexampletreasons:
Tointroducethe opposingviewpoint:

D.

DearSirlWulom,

lntroduction
(Para1) . WhorisJoIr redson
Jor wflttngT

l\4ainBody
(Para2)
be?
Whotwpuldtheconse4uences/rcsults
0Jyour
whdtlsecdnyol/soyj supporr
opiriorI

(Para3)

....

inthe
thelinking
words/phrases
Underline
thesewithitems
modelinEx.2a,thenreplace
fromthetable.
of opinion
Lookat thetwo extractifromletters
belowandfill in thegapswiththewords/
phrases
inthelist.
Thatwayr lnmyopinion. Ffstly. I thrnk
Thefe's
nopoint. Asa result

tie ;
1) .............,..,...........,.,.

(Para4)

Wh)/ddeslhisnot rhongtyottr opinion?

Conclusion
(Para5)

Whdtis Jouropiflidr(ogairr)?

YourstoithflJlly,
(yourJullnonre)

thetou'ncouncilsboLt[rJ
B 4) ..................
t[4keimrnAdiatudclion.5) ...
a rccycling scheme should be intmdnced
........nrany itemssuch as g/a5s,
6) .., .
paperantl ahtminiun could be rcused.

rapn
Does
themodelin Ex.2afollowtheparag
planabove?

$ Lintins

the
belowto complete
a. Usethewords/phrases
table,
asintheexample.
. to begin
with. whist' neveatheless
r to startwlth . therefore
. fufthernrore
. inadditon
. ontheotherhand. forinstance
. inthlsway
. because
. then. al ina | . lastty
. whatismole. thiswouidmean
that ' suchas
. firstly. consequently
' 1nu1;t
' asa Tesult
. to sumup . also' forexample
. however
. allthings
. moreover
. since
considered

is:
o'eachextract
b, DoyoLthinkthetargetreader
of youn?
a friend
theeditorof a magazine?
a closerelative?

readers?
newspaper
yourteacher?

149

(agree)
1 bancar#city
centre

$ styte

of banning
I amstrongly
in favour
canframlheciry
centrc

(1-5)
phrases/senten(es
to
Match
theinformal
theformalones{a-e).

2
3
4
5

INFOR[J|At
nTt I likethrsrdeaa lot
tTTt l'mwritingatlout
t=T-lI dor"t likewhatthey'veput forwardat all
fl I don'tagreewilh thecouncit plan.

to matchtheviewpoints
from
b- Makesentences
aboveto thereasons/examples
below.

IsT-lYou(anseethat.,.

FORMAL
a I amwritingin connection
wlth ...
b I amtotallyLnfavourof thisidea.
lwishto express
mydisapprovalof
thisptoposal.
ObvroL:sly,.-.
I strangly
with the planproposed
disagree
by the
towncouncrl.

(a9ree)
town councillntroduce/recycling
scheme
the?oo(disagreei
close
(disagree)
abolish
school
uniforms
freepublictransport(agree)

Justirying
Opinion
. Thrswouldmear.. | . 'f .. , theresr-rlt
woLrld
be ...
. Bydoirgthts,we
i5thdt ...
| . Thereason
. In thiswdy

I . Ther,...

feelpressure
to befashionable
fl-a-l students

trTElesspollution

|-fn childrennotbeableto learnaboutwildlife

flill fewercarsonstteels
valuable
rcsources
fl-e-lconserve

b. Nowreadtheshortextractiandreplace
the
phrases
underlined
withforrnal
onesfrom
above.
I amwritingwith regard
to a letterin yourmagazine
about the town council! plans l.o build a rP\,
motorway
In our area Llor llket&5atlltcy verut
forwardat all.

Youlan seethatit isa disastrous

ptan.Firstof all,
wolrldloseallgreenery
in thearea

wouldbeIesJ
lb Thiswould
meon
thotthere
ooilufio,r.

theRubric
Und*rrt"nding
2
Read
therubric,
underline
thekeywordsand
answerthe questiofls.
&,

a
a
a

pfanto bancats
i'mwritinqaboutthegovernment's
fromthecrtycentre.
I [ikethisideaa lot

Yourclasshashada discusslon
aboutthefoleof
in today'sworld.Nowyour teacher
educatron
youto writea compositlon
givingyour
hasasked
opinionon the followingstatement:

Eafiingfianeyisnorc impoftantthangetringa gaod

eduffitian.

Expressing
oprnrons

a. Usethephrases
in theboxto makefull
Sentrences.
a5Intheexample"

yourOpinion
Stating
. Inmyopnion/view
Tomy mind,...
..
. l th nUbelieve/afir
of the | . Myopinion/feelinEs
on
op nionthaL .
themdtteris/are
I
. lt seems/appea,T
ta me | . lt is myconsidered
(thatl...
mat
oprnion
I
.
I

150

Agreeing
(strong'y)
agreewith . .
dm n favour
of, .

Disagreeing
d.sagree
witl^...
| . I ht-ongly)
opposed
to/
| . lam (totally)
against..

1 Whattypedf writings it?

Whoisthetargetleadr?
ate?Why?
3 Whatstyleof writingisappropr
or dlsaqree
withthestatement?
Doyo|]agaee
your
to ptesent
5 In pairs,writetwo topicsentences
oprnronthinkcf appropridte
supporting
6 Inpairs,
sentence
youhavewritten.
for thetopicsentences

T;
I

model:
b. Which

Analysing
a composition

paragraphs?
haswel developed
introduces
thetopc clearly?
a variety
of linking
wordVphrases?
uses
paragraphs?
topicsentence5
uses
to lntroduce
supportingsenterrces?
hasappropriate
gives
to supporl
examples
arguments?
patterns?
usessimple
language
restates
thewriter'sopinion?
uses
everydey
Englsh?

andsaywhichoneE
Read
thetwomodels
appropriate,

Many peopletodaybelieve
4 that gettinga well-paidjob is
essential,while furishingschool
-J
Ei or universiry is not. I strongly
tr disagreewiti this view for a
E numtrerof reasons.
Firstof all, educationis the key
1odevelopment.
Doctors,scientistsand leachersuse
t}eir educationto advancesociety.Without them,
andno progress
therewouldbe no curesfor diseases

thetopicsentences
inmodel
A and
c. Underline
s ggestalternatives,
d. Choose
a morsuitable
alternative
beginning
andending
formodel
Bfromthosebelow,

in technology.
What is more, a gcod educationcan help to
wouldnot be
achieveeccnomicsuccess.
Busrnesses
without educatedpeopleto run them.
successful
Success
andfinancialrewardgo handin hand.As a
result,highlytrainedpeopleare often alsobetter
paidpeople.
Of course,there are peoplewhc arguethat an
in orderto makelots of
education
is not necessary
money.It is true that somehighlypaidjobs do not
but theyare rare.
requirea highlevelof education,
offersmorerewards
Whatis more,a goodeducation
thaujusttheabilityto makemoney.
AII in all, I believe that althoughmoney is
hxporlart in life, it should not tle given more
emphasis
than educalion.After all, wtth education
mmesknowledgeand without this individualsand
societies
camot advance.

I don't agreewith lhis opmion.

Eaming money is impofiant, tttat's true. I
oftenwork in the sumrnermysell lo rnake6ome
exba money.Goingto schoolis more irnportart
though, I think We can'i do without a school
diFlomaor universttydesrreeif we l'|rdnlto lcad
Eood lives. But you need lots of money too.
Somepeople say tlnt you can be rich without
having a proper education, They believe that
money opens doors for you and all you havc to
do is tsrow the ticks. But you'd better not tske
them seriously.Besides,educationensuresus
that science progEesses.It is essentialfor the
de'relopmentof a countryin general.
II my opinron,nothing beals education.It is
better to be clever arrd poor than rich and
stupid.

Overall,
whileearningmoneyis importantfor a
goodstandard
o[ living,it isnotthernosrrmponant
thinginlife I believe
education
ispriceless.
Tosurnup,a degree
or diploma
is usefulbut it
doesn'tguarantee
a goodwage.Manyrichand
peoplemadetheirfofiunesthrough
successfu
is
hardworkalone,whichproves
an education
notalwavs
necessarv
to become
rich.
personisdestined
In mVview,a poorlyeducated
he lacksthe bastc
poorbecause
to be flnancially
whrchisknowledge
forsuccess
ingredient
lstrongly
disagree
withthestatenrent.
I feelthatin
this age of information,
is the most
education
valuable
thingyoucanpossess.

ciui"gopposing
views

intheboxto rewrite
Usetheuseful
language
10 a. the
(1-6)asfuJltopicsentences.
prompts
r Onrheot\erl'and,..
. Alternatively.
.
. lt can/could
be argued
that...
However,
..
Nonetheless,
..

|
|
I
|
|

. Theopposirg
riewis...
. Theoppos,te
vewooirt
. ln mntrast,
...
. t\e ronficring
viewis...

of drsadvantages./
to have/ owncar
a number

Howeve(,
there
arconumber
tohaving
afdisodvantages
yowown{ r,
2 sofi-re
drawbarks./
to b/ own boss
3 ma y Feoplethink/ boysandgirls/ bp educated

separately

15' 1

somebeneFits
/ to haveI zoas
c a number
/ aganstwofKlngmothers
of arguments
/ useful
phones
5 a ot oFPeople
/ mobrle

suPPorting
thinkof approp.iate
b. Inpairs,
youhave
topicsenten{e
foreach
sentences
written-

*E6f

Correction
Error.

Read
therubria,underline
thekeywords
and
12 an$/ver
thequestions
foreachone.
;F

prntedIn
Thefollowing
statement
wasrecently
a rocanewspaper.

Englishis theonlyforeignlanguagewonhlearning-

s
a

in it.
11 Themodelbelowhasa numberof mistakes

Underl
nethem,thencorrect
them.Thinkabout;
wrongprepositions
n'ISSfng
wor0s
unfeceSsary
woros
punfiualron
errors
wrongIenses
inappropriate
linkers
overy nformallanguage
paragraphing

s
s
a
I
a

a
a
o
a
t

uniforms
rlschool
arenot
ntsshould
beable
towear
)ol,I don't
agree
withthis
view.School
inanumber
uniforms
isverymp0rtafi
0f
ways,
lleel.
T0staftwilh,
lthinkschool
aregiving
uniforms
students
a sense
olidentity.
Wearing
thesame
clolhes
aseveryone
elseintroduces
asense
01belonging.
Wiftout,
th0se
woufd
losesome
students
oftheir
unity
andthestudent
break
outintosmall
bodywould
groups
related
t0whatclothes
theywear.
There
isand
more,
wearinq
thesame
clothes
breaks
down
the
barriers
between
eccnomic
children
trorndiflerent

Yourteacherhas now askedyou to write a

giving
youropinion
composition
onth s subject

You recentlyreada newspaper

articleasking
publiccando to help
readers
whatthegeneral
reducethe crimeratein yourtown. Writa
givingyour
lelterto theeditofof thenewspaper.
yoursuggestions.
opinion
andmaking
Your haveseenths announ{ernnt
in your
magazin.
college
' CorrinLingyoL,redu.atio'rbeyond
i{ yor-warl
hrghsthool15essertial
to geta goodjob."

Whatdo youthink?
WflteLrsan articlegivng youroprnron
and
explaining
why you agreeor disagree
with
the comment.The best aftcles will be
prntFdn thenerr edrlonoIthemagazine

forthemaoazine
Writevourarticle

backgrounds.
It'sdifficult
t0tellwhocomes
fromaich 0raDoor

family
when
everyone
isdressing
thesame.
people
0ntheother
feel
hand,
some
thatunilorm
limitsperscnal
freedom
to
yourself
express
through
theimage
y0upre$e
nttoothers.
Neveftheless,
many
schools
have
achoice
ofunilorms,
soteenagers
canstillexpress
themselves
ina smallway.
AllinallI,amstrongly
tnfavour
ofschool

uniforms.
I believe
they
playavaluable
partin
school
life"

152

1 Whorsthe targetreader?

Whattypeof writtngisit7
3 WhatF the topi{7
Whatstyleof writngisappropriate?
5 Whar|5yoLropinon or thesubje.t?
suggestions?
WhatareyourreasonV
v eu,point?
1 Whtistheopposlng

youhavelearned
Usingtheinformation
inthisunit,
to thequestions
andyouranswers
above,
writeany
above.
Youshould
of thetasks
writebetween
120
and180words.

Fillin thecorrectwordderivedf romthewordin

bold.
I think the frlmwasvery
AMUSE
andI hiqhlyrecommend
it.
1
FASCINATE
An nis....... ........,.............
byth
unusual
anworkthatisexhbited
in theNationa[.4useum.
that
3 Whrcharethequalitles
CHARACTER
him?
.. allthe
4 P[ea se .....................
CLOSE
documents
required.
your
5 Thebestwayto .. .............-...
RICH
vocabulary,
isto readworksof literature.

(5 ,'4dtksl

Read
thesentences.
lf a semence
iscorrect,
outa
tick(/). lf it hasa wordthatshouldnot bethere,
writethiswordontheline.
I wi I always
remer"ber
myfrrstday
theschool
A onestrange
happened
roincidence
theotherday.
3 My mcther'sostrousr-lsufferedfrom
amnesia
afteran accident.
4 Thenewhosprtal
wardwasopenedby
the PrimeN,linister.
5 Themostbiggest
centre
wasbuilt
sports
in the c ty centre
(5m ks)

A: 1am havingmy tonsils

removedneKtweeki l'm
soscared!
B: lam sureyou will be
fine/That'sa pity.
A: I decldedto gMe up
smoklngl
B: Goodfor you/lfs not as
badasit seemslYouare
doing yourselfa great

r
favou
15mofttJ

Choose
thebestfivephrases
thedialogue"
to complete
. You'll
never
believe
. niceoFhim. pulling
myleg
. I hatethat!. ama?ing
. waittillyouhear. right
. waslucky
A 1)

whereI am movingto next

!
month!Australia
)
Areyou2)
A: No,really!3)
the rert. I got a job offer
from a multinational
firm
tnere.
B, That! 4)
A: Yeah lohn told me he s
willlngto put rneup for
of week.
couple
B: That's5)

Communication
Complete
thedialogue
byunderlinang
the
phrase.
appropriate
1 A: CarlE,
I can'tmaket to yourparty.I havean
examandI needto study.l'm awfullysorryl
B: Don'tworrv,ryou'll
befine!We'llhaveanother
paftysoon!
z A: Hi,Lynn.Couldyoupleasetell the bossthat I
will not be comingto worktoday.I thinkl'm
coming
downwithflu.
B: Foorthing!| amso sorry,ryVell
done!cet well
soonI
5

I heardthe goodnews You got promoted!

Congratulations/Yeah
right!
B. Oh,thdnkyouverymuch!

(5 rndriJ,)

Reading
Youaregoingto reada
maoazine
article
about
prehistoric
cavepaintings,
themostsuitable
Choose
heading
fromthelistA-Hfor
eachpart(1-6)of thearti(le.
Thereisoneexttaheading
whichyoudonot nedto use.
atthe
There
isanxample
beginning
{0).

prehistoric
A Famous
cavepaintings

E
F
G
H

ts Paintings
oftheuniverse?
C Picturing
theminds
of wizards
D Thepurpose
of thepaintings

a mystery
Forever
Turnnga caveintoa gallery
theaftist's
lnside
mind
Technique
andstyle

I
I

et$bledfes.

are{irm andvigorous.Figuresareoccasionally
shadedto
suggest
the roundness
of the animal,spottedto showtle
40 textweof its plt andeven&awn on a latural protrusion
of the rock surfaceto give its form more fullness.In
conhastto the animals,thefcw humanimagasaresmall,
roughlydrawnstickfigures,sometimes
carryingspearsor
bours.

e thesceae.
In around45,000BC a tribelivirg in
4
outhffiEuroDechasedsomewild animalsout of a
{ and took up residenceinside.ln the deptis of the 45 French scholar Chartal Jegues-Wolkiewiezhas a
controversial
irS cavethat wasdeir home.by lhe light of candles
theoryaboulthe purposeof the lascaux
nl flq:l'from animal fat, sorre membersof the tribe
cavepaintings,
Sheclaimsthat manyof the picturesin
ing and walls usingsrick$ the cave correspondto the constellationsas tbey
yearsagoduringthe last lce Age. In
dirt, rockandfat.Theywere
appeared17,000
iving paintingsproducedby f,t, otherwords,shebelieves
Lascaux
isa prehistoric
mapof
the slry. Her theoryis controversial
thiswould
ind.
because
meanthat peoplehad ar u$dsrstanding
of the stars
10,000yearsearlier thatr is currentlythought.F{er
in this onecave,but aisoin
theoryis supported
by th factthat on the nightof the
:tv cavesdiscoveredto date. 55 summersolstice,
thesetfingsunshinesdirectlyontothe
paintingsin the cave,This meansthat this Ice Age an
gallerTwasspeciallycho$etrto offer an amazingshow
oncea year,
5
paintings
discovered
cave
to
date
old,
The
oldest
tifrn
atein thebills nearVerona,Italy, believedto be 25,000 Other archaeologists
havesuggested
that the pictures
60 sewea morespiritualor religrouspurposeandt}tatthey
lears old,
showthe actionsof magicalmerr"or shamen,in altered
2
statesof consciousness,
Theyclaimthe picturescontain
What did theseearly artistsdraw aIId what inspired
shapesthat resemblethose e)periencedin trances
I them to do it? They depictedwhat probablymattered
duringhealingdances
by modernAfricantribcsmen.
mostto..!hem:
the animalstheirtribe hunted,including 65
o
bison, dec.r,wild boars and horses-Sorre scholars
suggestthe paiEtingsfuuctionedas a 'how-to' guideto
Thefactis,wedon'tknowfor surewhytheseprehistoric
painli$gslverecreated,andit is likelywe neverwill.
hgnting No one believesthesepaifitingswerejust wall
) decq,rations.In fact, at Altarnira, traces of huDran
Thosewho studycavepaintingstill don't lmowhow the
habitafion exist in only one painted room. This
earliestpeople believedthe world worked,what thy
hcpedfor, what they thoughtcontroliedlife, and what
separationof living quarters{rom the painted areas
suggGts
that the paintings sewed a ritual fuuctio4 70 t}Iey thought happenedafter deati, Whatever their
Drto Promotethe fertility
fuflction,the cavepairtingsare importanttodayfor the
:d,
siutplefact that they exist.Hunger,cold,wild admals
atd evendarkness
did norstophumansfrom pickjxgup

'brushes'andcelbratingtbeirworld.

Moie suprjsing E the quality of many drawings;the 75

Froportionsareconect,theposeslifelike,andttreoutlines
(15 mf,t*J]

Speaking

Lrfientng
between
'r.,t Youwillheara conversatjon
of local
twostudents
thesubject
discussing
theftost
history.
Forquestions
1-7,c}too6
(A"BorC).
apprcpriate
answer

lfl

given
Yourlocallibrary
hasbeen
;n amount
Workinpairs.
onupgrades.
to spend
Below
arephotographs
of
of money
possible
forthelibrary.
Talkto eachotherabout
upgradei
howeachupgrade
couldhelpthemembers,
Thendecide
on
twoupgrades
forthelibrary

| |

questions.
Discr.rss
thefollowing

what doeslocalhistorystudy?
townsor vi ages
A Thehistory
of 5mall
B Howevents
areaffected
bytheir
location
C Howhistoryisseenn differentplaces
2 Howis localhistorydifferentfrom
conventional
history?
A The placeis more importantthan
whathappened,
What happeredis as importanras
whodidit.
Localhistoryisn'tinterested
in evnts.
3 Loralhistory
,4 deas exclusively
wrthplares.
B takesaninterest
ln everyday
life.
C canbe influenced
of power
bycentres

Do you thinkconvenlional
bookswill everbe replaced
by
electronic
booksT
Z Doyouen,oyreadrrg:1176a,
kindo'booksdo youlikerost?

whv?
Conventional
hlstorians
A rarely
writeaboutworking
conditions.
B focusmoreonevents
inpubliclife.
people
C do notexamine
howordinary

lrved

Whatisthelastbookyouread?
Howdidyoulikeit?

Writing

Youhavehada cLass
discussion
on thefollowing
statement:

fl

5 Interestin the livesof ordinarypeople

A hasnsenin thelastdecades.
B contirlues
to berelatively
ow
C hasto do mostlywith publc I ves.

si{
Apodfrombask aithmetic, a lot 6f whot i5 touEhtin Mothsis o
I
oftime.
3 waste
a Now your Leacher
hasaskedyouto write a composition
a
a

6 Whatistheaimof localhistory?
A Toiookat thelargerpictureof history.
B To teachu5 aboutthe detailsof
nrsTory
thesignificance
Tohelpusunderstand
of peop!e.

110narksl

givingyouropiniononthi5statement.
in 12Gi80\i/ords.
writeyourcornposifion

(16na*s)
flolal= 100mr*r)

Progress
update

Tick(/) theboxthatapplies
HowdoyourateyourprogressT
to you,

7 At the endof the conversation,

th

ExcellentG ood OK Coulddo better

man
A isunconvinced
bythewoman.
B isevenmoreconfused
thanbefore.
C isconsider
ngjoiningthecourse.
114
'rat*.l.l

Vocabulary
&

Grammar
Listening
Spea
king
g
Readin
W{t ng
Communication

UNIT9

lssues
Planet
UNIT1O

TheCycleof Life

t,

1!_r

Howdoyouthinkthetitleof themodule
isrelated
to theunitsl
Areyouenvironrnentally friendly?Inwhichsense?
Howhealthy
isyourlifestyle?

theenvironment
environmental
problerns
antmals
food& drink

.
r

askindirect
questions
express
rgnorancey'
uncertalnty
express
concern
express
frustration
give/rejecva
rrept
advice

stagesof life
health
y earlng
health
eatinghabts

related
to:
tnEenvironment
food

futureforms
conditionals
mixedconditionals
Wtshes
relatives,/relative
[lauses
clauses
of purpose
clauses
of concession
qufitonlags

fevre\4,5

narratives,
articles,
composit
ons
letters,

c. Whirhtwo phrases
in Ex-1areferto solutions
problems?
to environmental

Lead-in
1

a. Match
A to thoseincolumn
theitemsincolumn
B.
overuse
of ----ctmate

uroan
global
genetr{ally
modfied(Glr/}
toxic
solar/wind
recycling

B
foods
scheme

Rank
theenvironmental
issues
inorderofseriousness.
yourlistsandjustifyyouropinions.
Inpairs,compare
A: I believe
thoturbon
develooment
isthelssuewe
needto
dealwithfrrstbecause
dties
orcbeconing
overcrowded,
B: Dovouthinkso!Whatworries
memastisGMloods
because
tho1're
very
forourhealth.
danEeraus

{?

cnange

youknowabout
b- Inpairs,
findouthowmuch
theabove.
intheboxto act
Usethelanguage
outexchanges,
asintheexample.

Youaregoingto hearthreepeople
takingpart
in a survey
aboutrecycling,
Markthe
statements
a$Yes(/) or No(I) for eachspeaker.
1

A We recycle
mostcf our household
wafle-

B Recycllng
tstoo expensive
andtime
questions
Asking(indirect)
Can/ou iellmewl-ar. ? | . Doyouhaveanyroea
Do yor knowanylhing I what . :
about ?
Expressing
ignorance/uftcertainty
I l'"veo'tthefaintest | . I m notsuiebul I thinkit
idea!
| hasto dowith ..
lhaven'tgota cruel
but I
| . t mlshtbe\,turong
I m afrardldont know I thrlk it is

k7
A: Doyouhaveanyideowhaturbandevelopnent
B: I haven't
thefaintest
ideo!

rnnc rminn

C Governments
shouldintroduce
taws
aboutrecycl
ng.
D Recycl
ng isthe mostimportant
way
of savnEtheenvironment.

b. Whichspeaker
doyouagreewithmost?
Paraphrase
thequotations
below.Doyouagree?
Why?Whynot?Discuss.
"The oniy thing we have to Iear on this
planetis manl'
CarlJung
"lf you pcison rhe environmenl,t.he
environmentwill polsonyoul' TonyFcllari

159

a, Loakat thetitle of thetext.

Whatdo youthinkit means?
and
Lookat thepictures
islike.
whatAntarctica
describe

I
I

be
b. Howcouldthefollowing
Discuss
relatedto Antarctica?
Inparrs.

. expeditions
scientrsts
. fossils
global
change
. sealevel
climate
change
envtronmental
awdreness
fishing
A: Scientists
frommanycountesli,/e
andworkin Antarctica.
sealevel
8.. Yes,
thatstrue,hey study
(honges.

The first peopleto reachthe SouthPole- in modern

andthe Norwegian
times,anyway- were RoaldAmundsen

Antarcticexpedition,in Decemberl9 | | . ITTGIExplorers

a. Whodoyouthinkmaybe
living
inAntarctica?
What
mighttheybedoingthere?
Discuss
inoairs.
thenreadthe
paragraph
andfindout.
second
o. Read
thesentences
{A-H}

takenfromthetext,paying
special
attention
to the
parts.What
underlined
to
information
doyouexpect
readbefore
eachsentence?
Nowreadthenewspaper
articleandchoose
themost
suitable
sentence
fromthelist
(A-H)for eachpart{1-6}ofthe
article,
Thereisoneextra
sentence
whichyoudo not
needto use,
There
isan
(0).
example
at thebeginning
Wereyourguesses
torrect?

10

15

20

z)

hadbeentrying to reachthe Antarcticfor oyer a hundred

years becauseit representedthe ultimatechallenge:
the
coldestandwindiestcontinentin the world.
Now*days,scientistsfrom over 27 countrieswork in
the Antarctic all year round and there is even a small
TheAnrarcdc
amountof tourismin the summermonths.
but a challengeof a different
still representsa challenge,
soqt Sincethe | 960s"peoplehavecorneto realisethat the
Antarcdchojilq.the,khf.'80the history of our planeupasq
Dresenrandfurure,
Antarctica has preserved valuableevidenceof the
from fossilsshows
naturalhistoryof our planet.Evidence
how lifeevolved duringgeological
time.TheAntarctichas
global
a crucialrole to play in helpingus understand
change.
Analysing
sediment from its differentlakesmakes
it possible
to collectinformation
on climatechange
over
the last 10,000
years.FTI The 4 km thickicesheetis a
frozenrecordof the last500,000years,Bubblesin the ice
gases,
conuin atmospherie
Frozeninto th ice is Evidence
of levelsof globalpollutionby industry,agricultureand
atomicbombs.
informaEion
aboutwhat
TheAntarcticprovidesvaluable
is currently happeningto the ozone layer and about
globalwarming.Scientistsare alsodiscoveringthat the ice

A It is alsoillegalto leavednythingikethison land(or

ice)in Antarctrca,
soallwastemustbe takenawayon
boardshipanddisposed
of elsewhere.
B Thisis why the Antarcticis now one of the most
controlledregionsof the world, in terms of
pollution.
rgulations
concerning
C These may include playingfootball,skiing for
recfeatlon
rnesea.
anddiving
beneath

1 60

that futurestudisof a lakecovered

It E abo possiblc
a overhalf a
by 37 km of ice mightrevealbacter
yearsold.
million
An exAmple,af-ills is what is called'marine
hooksandnetsleft in the o.ean
includes
litter'which
andwhichcancalr-+harlrlto frsh.birdsandseals
the regulations
because
in force
It is alsoa lessaD
thereshowuswhatcanbedoneforthe environment.

a. Lookat thenumbers.
Findwhatthey
referto inthetext.
500,000
'1911 .1960sr27
r 4 r 3.7
10,000
b.

Inpairs,
thinkof atitleto replace
the
titlof thearti(l.

Vocabularv
Practice
a. Explain
themeaning
ofthewords
and
ohrases
in bold.

sheet may
changesin sea level-What
happensin Antarcticaaffed$ the world's clirnateand

b. Match
thewordsontheleftto the
wordsontheright.Then,choose
five
shtases
to makesentences.

theworldkoceans.
ETI
Up untilthe 1960s,
somespecies
of whaleandseal
weredrivenalmostto extincdonby humanactivities
in 30
Antarctica.Howeve[ due to greater environmental
awareness,
all plantsand animalsin Antarcticaare now
proteced by regulation.There is a specialregulation
to protect the six speciesof sealwhich breed in the
Antarctic.
35
Fishingin the Antarctic regionsis also strictly
controlled,
The control is basedon the 'ecosystem
approach',[5Tl Commerdal fshing is strictly
lirnitedand severemeasures
aim to minimiseillegal
fishing,Atthe moment(hereis international
concern
over the environmental
impactof fishingin the seasof 40

theAntarctic.
FTI
There are also sffict rnasures
to control marine
pollution.lt is iflegalto dumpinto the seaanykind of
toxic chemicals,
oil,plastics,
rubbishor sewage.
l3TAntarcdca provides information on the pasq 45
presentand future of our planet,and controlsmaior
issuesin the rest of the world,like sealeveJ.
In this
sense,
lt is a warning because
it tellsuswhatwe have
done wrong as regardsthe ozone layer and global
warming,for insrance.
IEE lt is up to usto listenand
acgbeforeit is too late.

andwhatmusrbedone'or theervironment.
G Thev
theBritrsh
bvonemonth.
H This
which
is anapproach
#iffijlfiffiffiiuWttre
whole of the food chainwh ch meansthat it
asweI
assesses
the numbers
of sealsandseabirds
ikea shrimp).
asfish,squidandkrill(acreature

aI year
come
global
cruoal

ozone
ultrfiate
strictly
marlne
malor
5ea
drive
Severg

B
warminq
limited
pollution
level
measu[e5
chatlenEe
role
E5Ue5
rmpafi

tayer
to extinction
r0ufo

environmental

c, Replace
thehighlighted
wordsand
phrases
inthetextwithsynonymous
onesfromthelistbelow.
beoneofthecauses
of . considers
r krnd
hasalltheanswers
regdrding
wereahead
of . damage

Discussion
a. Read
thearticle
againandlistthe
reasons
whytheAntarctic
isthekeyto
Planet
Earth.
Useyourlistro givea
shortspeech
to theclass.

youarea scientist
b. lmagine
in
Antarctica.
Describe
dayin
a typical
yourlifethere.
youareRoald
c. lmagine
Amundsen.
Writetwoshortdiaryentries
- one
aboutthefirstdayyourea{hed
the
South
Poleandanother
whilevou
xDlore
theAntarctic.

161

t\

partof
An;mal................
isan mportant
theworkof theWorldWrLdlife
Fund.
Themainpointof a wildlife. ......,.,. ,. .. .....rs
liveintheirnatural
thatanimals
.... ...... ....... ..
GovErnments
bring In water consumption

Greenlssues
a. Whichenvironmental
problems
canyouseetn
thepictures?
Whichoneareyoumost
concerned
about?

. a rIAiater

r
"l ..,i ^^19d
^ per
^^. oo
^.r (')r
^r oroLgrt
uul|

people haven't been listening

1 0 Unfortunately,
Toanti-polhrtjon....
ca'e'Jlty
eno.rgh

pollution
r nudeaf

power
. deforestat
oil
r enoange
feo
spefles
. rubbish

Whatwouldyoubewiliing
to doto helpthe
Discuss,
environment?

Ithinkwe
shaukl
all buyenvirannentally
safehouseh
crcanets.
goodidea.
a tlery
B: Ihat's
A.

q
J

It'sgoodnews!
Lookat thenewspaper
headlines
and,in pairs,
discuss
whateachreoortisabout.

ib.)
Youw l hearfivepeople
expressing
theirviews
{?
problems,
onenvir0nmental
Forspeakers
1-5,
theyaremost
choose
whichof theproblems
anxlous
about.Usethelettersonlyonce.There
is
oneextraletterwhichvoudonotneedto use.
A
B
c
D
E
F

acdrain
droxins
globdwarming
carbon
droxide
fossI fuels
power
nuclear

n
Speakef
2 n
Speaker
3 n
speaker'l

T++ri,.-...ir.. iLn -:|r_r*..a

PACIFIC:
SOUTH
POPU|jTION
WHAI.T
HUMPBACK
10%A YEAR
GHOWING

tr
Speaker
5 tr
Speak
r4

'-

rj.

:+.:+

dcl I

lJsethewords/phrases
inthelistto compfete
thesentences.
. laws. eco5y5tem
. aware. reseffe
r packaging
. wdrnings
r habtat r farmjng

. bank. energy
forms. protectlon

162

lf everyone
wasenvironmentally
theword wouldba betterplaceto ivein.
A lot of companies
havemadegreateffoftandnow
put therrproducts
in biodegradable
Or g a n ic.............. ...... is becomi nmo
g re
peopleknowthat the
andmorepopularbecause
fruitandveqetables
arefreefromchemicals.
[,4anycountries
to tisealternative
are choosing
because
theyknow
that fossI fuelsarenot nfinite.
lf thereisnota balanced
, mdny
plants
dre
andanrrnals
wi I eventually
shebeheves
in re':yc
ing shemakes
a weekly
trip
to thebottle

Thefirstreportisprabably
abouthowtheKenyan
Wesident
sttirilaws
tosWpeaple
cutling
haspossed
downt'ees,
spe(iolforcst
hesalsoeated
rcseues
B: Yu...perhaps
or
nnethinqltkethot..

I
4

worosoftenconfused
item.
thecorrect
Underline
aqreement
hasbeenfeached
An international
to
haltthe devastation,/destruction
of the ozonelayer
gratdisaster/damage
s causrng
Deforestation
to
manyof thewo{ld'srainforests.
lf globa/warmingrontinues,
we will sufferthe
effectsftonsequences.

t0
11
12

is posinga threatto the earth's

Overpopulation
resources/sources.
towards
Manycharitable
organlsations
contribute
starvation/famine relief.
from the
collected
Mostof the rubbishiresidue
in landfillsites.
cityisdumped
is responsibe
for poluting
Toxicwaste/sewage
manyrivers
Exhaust
fumescontrnLeto pollute/contaminate
problems.
breathing
the air,causnEserious
o.r'emptybottles
Wewe'etoldto deposiVdiscard
bin
n the recycling
in the demand
Therehasbeena decline/lowering
forGMfoods.
is lookingat waysof protecting
Thegovernment
resources.
thecountry
5 physital/natural
has devised
a
The m n ster for the environnrent
polluton.
to reduce
scheme/schedule

b. Whatwouldyoudoto help?
Tomaketheworldgreener,
youcouldqiveup.
1 namesomethinq
youcouldcut downon.
2 namesomething
youshouldn't
throwaway.
3 namesomethinq

n
rl

ldiorns& FixedPhrases

thewords"
a. Match
Which
ohrase
canbeusedto
thecaPtion?
coiflplete
B

take

engneered

toxr{

supply
effecl
waste
a difference
extinction

energy
short
environmentalfy
genetica
ly
make
face

Phrasal
Verbs

cflsl5

fr endly

Appendix
2

particles,
thenexplain
the
Fillinthecorrect
phrasal
verbs,

h #ood
Meatproduction
takesa lot of landand uses
lf youdofl't
1)...-.-.....,...,.
a lotof water.
meal
want to give 2)
completely,try cutting3)
the amountol meat

"Thfeareno a0e15.
to know
HQwarewe sLlpposed

whichfruitnasDeen

fromEx.5ato completethe
b. Usephrases
senten(es
blow,
Tonnes
of
.......... ispr0ouceo
every
yearbyfactories.
huntngwi
2 Thenewlawregarding
nextmonth.
Because
of polutionof theirhabitat,manyanmal
speces
is n
deveoeing
4 Food
.......
. .. in rnany

to buybottledwaier,
It r ay be tashlonable
buttapwaterisiustas good.Filterscanbe
usedto improvethetasteandyoudon't
.....,......,.
a pileot plastic
end4) ...............
bottlesthathaveto be thrown5)
lf yourfoodis wrapped
6) ................"......
in paperandplastic,
howmuchof it canbe recycled?
Fead
Thegreenguideto recychng
andtryto
productswith
look
lesspackaging,
The IJKusesaround10 billionplaslic
bagseve,yyear.Moslol them aren't
biodegradatle ar'rd they end
sites.Switchto
in landlill
8) .......,.........
carrirfor yourshopping.
a re-usable

countr
es.
...... ... . qoodsareexpensive.

5 t\4ost,

Prepositions
Append
ix 1

Fillin: of,undetin,to,byor from.Then,maKe

lelatddTO theenvironment.
sentences
(sth);2
1 ro orspose
,.. contro,4 affected
-1
(nh);6 harmful
<th 9
I to suffer
t0
cdplivity

t n e w ld;
(sth/sb):
5 la ck
threat;
ganger;

163

Listening
ening- PartI

a" Read
through
thequestions
andpossible
answers
carefully.
Inpairs,
discuss
whatkeywordsand/or
phrases
youwouldexpect
to hearforeach
question
(A,BorC),
Youwll hearpeople
talkinqineightdifferent
situations.
Forquestions
1-8,listen
andchooso
thebestanswer,
A,Bor C.
1 Youarelistening
to partof a radlobroadcast.
Whatisthe mainpurpose
of the broadcast?
A to advertise
a touristspot
I to Show
theeconomic
benefits
of wtrale
watchrng
C to encouraqe
theorotection
of whales
Youhearpartof an interviewat a
demonstration.
Who is beinginterviewed?
A a protester B a shopkeeperC a motoritl
Youheara coupletalkingabouta newspaper
report-Howdoesthe manfeel?
A angn/
B sympathetK confused

A womanismaking
a phonecall-Whereisshe
phoning?
A a printing
company
thetownhall
C a shopping
centre
A manisphoning
hislocalradiofiation,What
doesheintendto do?
A havetheoldfactoryclosed
down
B reduce
thenurnber
of flatsbeingbult
C askthecouncilto
builda school
Listento a coupletalkingaboutrubbish
disposal.
Howoftenisthe rubbishcollected?
A twicea week
once6 week
C every
day
Listento two peoplediscussing
a project,What
roledoesthemanhave?
A He'sa s(hoolteacher
B He'sa cornpeiition
organiser.
C He'sa parent.
Youheara manspeaking
aboutplanting
trees.
Howdoeshefeelabouttheresults?
A suspiciousE amazed C disappointed

164

Listening
- Part2

a. Youwillhearaninterview
withPeter
fulps,who
istalkingabouthisjobasa botanist
ontheEden
Project,
Lookatthepicture
andsaywhatyou
thinkthisproject
is.
b. Thefollowing
arenames
of 'biomes'
at [den.
Whydoyouthinktheyhavegotthesenames?
r Mediterranean
r Tropicai

restions
1-10,complete
the
, threewords.
Peterworkswith a variewof olantson a
1

TheEdenProiect
couldbedescribeo
asa
It wouldn'tbpssible
to seeeverything
3

A 'biome'
lsa 4
Inorderto havea humidatmosphere
theyuse
5
Rainforests
havea 60-inrho
e!ryyear.
Incases
of emergency,
visitors
cango to the coo!roomin
Theatmosphere
in theMediterranean
biomeis
I

TheFdenPrqie.tisa 9
called
theEden
Trust.
Nomorethan 10
plantsin Edenhavebeenlost.

of the

youheardof similarprojech?How
d. Have
doyouthinktheyare?
important

Communication
. Expressing
concern

rvr"king
a difference

a, Lookat thetwo pictures

( ( Studenr
A
waysof
showing
different
Compare
andcontrast
helping
theenvironment.
thetwopictures,
saying
whichwayyouthinkis
andwhy.
moreeffective

a- Read
thedialogue.
Whichpnrases
expfess
concern?
Ar I heardtheotherdaythattheretstiI a hugemarket
tur
foranimal
thepoint?
Youcan
Andwhat's
B : oh,lt'sjusthorrible!
furthesedalc
rmitalion
buyfantastic
N4mmrn
Doesit worryyou?
B : Yes.it does.Theverythoughtof it makes
mesck
people
before
it's
Well,maybe
willgetsomesense,
toolate.

b. Usethephrases
intheboxto actoutsirfiilar
dialogues
onthefollowing
situations.

tIiRE
SIi'cE
people
b. Howcould
help
protecttheenvironment?

environmental
damage
lookat thetwopiGures
people
the
showing
harming
andcontrest
theprcturesi
environment.
Compare
moredamage,
saying
whichonecauses

Introducing
a topic
r I herdtheotherday
t hat . .
. Somebody
mentionedto
mpt hat. -.

fearandanxiety
Expressing
. oh, it s justhorrible!
. Butthai'ssoirrespons
ble!
I Oh,it\ lustr dicuous!
. Oh,it'ssoeruel!

readsomewhere
Expressing
negative
fuelings
recently
that ..
. Theverythoughtof it
. Dd youknowthat...?
makes
mesick.
fukingaboutfeelings . I can'tbeafto thtnkabout
I Doesit worryyou?
t.
. Doyouworryaboutit? . lhateto thlnkaboutt.
. lt doesn't
. Doesit depress
you?
bearthinking
. Doesit getyoudown?
about.
Expressing
hope
. Well,maybeFeople
wll getsomesensdsee
sense
before
!ntheend.
It'stoo aty'
r Well.maybeal is not lo$ yet.
. Well,maybewe cando something
beforeit'stoo late

people
in bg citiesuseprivate
carsto conrrnute
/
publctransport
isgoodthesedays
/ easyto
businesses
usepaperthat is ftot recycled
get recyced papernowadays
cosmetics
rompanies
tpsting
useanimal
/ manynonanimaltestscor.r
ld be usedinstead

Everyday
English

d. InwhatotherwaysdopeoPleLT )ruoentA
r
na[mInenvrronmenr
doingthespeaking
to Nvocandidates
' rl Listen
their
andcontrast
tasks
above
andcompare
performantes
to thepointsin thelist.
according
.

|-epeats
ldeas
andlanguage
covers
allpointsin thequestton
talksaboutonepicturemorethantheothel
usesnatural
hesitation
usesa rangeof vocabulary

. Expressing
frustration

In pairsguess
andsaywhaltheotherspeaker
says.
r
.
.

Whattthepont?
Whybother?
Sowhat?

. That'llmakeit worse.
. Whata snarne!

A: lthinkweshould
al[rcnplaiftablutthenewroadthry're
goingIobuild.
theWint?
8: Whqfs
ThEwon'tstopbuilding
it.

165

Reading Part2

a. LooKat thepictures
andthetitleof thetext.

Howd0youthinkthepictures
arerelated
to the
text?Discuss
inFairs.

b. Read
thefirstandthelastparagraphs.
Canyou
guess
whatthetext isabout?

Lookat thelistof wordsbelowWhich

onesdoyou
expedto findinthetext?s(anthetextandcheck
if yourguesses
werecorrect.
. conserve
r preserve
extrnG|on
.plants. museum
technology
. 0olantst. sea.stofage
. futurer dried,frozen
andstored

Overthe pastfour hundredyeats,four hundred

andfifty tlpes of planLsand ueesaroundthe world
havebecomeextitrctas a resultof the combined
effects of global warming, population growth,
deforestation,
floodingandthe factthat desertsare
advanciEgin someregionsat a rate of nearlyfour
miles a year.Scientistsestimatea quarterof the
world'. remaining270,000plant specieswill be
underthreat ofextinctionbv 2050.
In 1997,in an atteffiptto try to preventthe loss
10

of such preeiousre ources,volunteersall over

l: l

Britain bega.ncollectingseedsfrom Britain's 1,400

speciesof wild plants,three hundredof which are
alreadyfacingexLinclion.
T'heseedscollectedare
now housedin the Millennium SeedBank. which
opened its doors in 2000. Run by the Royal

Botanical
Gardens
department
of the famousKew
Gardensin l,ondon,the bankis Iocatedin Sussex.
aboutthirty-fivemilesoutsideof thecapital.
20

lne DanR ls exnected to become the world's

biggest seed bank and, apart from preserving

almostall the Dlant life in Britain, it also aims to
havesavedthe seedsof morethan24,000species
of
plant life, almosta tenth of the world'sflowering
25 plants, in the next twenty years. If they are
successful,
the MillenniumSeedBank Projectwill
be one of the largestinternationalconseruation
projectseverundertaken.
In order to achievethis aim, the Millennium
who travelto
l0 SeedBank hasa team of scientisrs

16 6

a. Youaregoingto readanarticle
abouta famous
project.Forquestions
consrvation
1-7,choose
(A,B,C
theanswer
orD)whichyouthinkfits
to thetext.Underline
theparts
bertac(ording
youdecide.
inthetextwhichhelped
Compare
youranswers
to yourpartner's.
will happenby 2050?
Whatdo s(ientists
believe
A A I Dlantlte w ll bealtered.
B 450 ryoe)ol plantswill be n dangeror
becomrng
ext!nct.
C Partof theworld'splantlifewillfaceextnction.
factors
D Environmental
willaffectony 450plant
Specres
Wherecanthe Millennium
SeedEankbe

found?
A outside
Sussex
B out5rdeLondon

remole comers of the world to find and collect

and
seeds.Theywork togetherwith localbotanists
alsohelp them to $et up their owr seedbanksby
trainhglocalscientists.
Theyalsospenda greatdeal
of timenegotiatingwith govemments
to allowthem 35

to collectthe seedsandbdnsthembackto Britain

fof storasein the MillenniumSeedBank.
Whentheseseedsarriveat the seedban-k.thev

are sorted,separatedby hand lrom their pods.

cleanedand dried and then X-ravedto make sure 40
that they haven'tbeen damagedin any way that
might stopthemftom growinginto healthyplants.
Finally, they are placedin ordinaryglassjars and
storedm Inree unoergrounovautrsat remDerarures
of -20oC.Mostplantspecies
haveseedsthat canbe 45
dried,frozenandstoredfor yearsandstill growinto
healthyplanls.However,the seedsof somespecies
cannot De ofled. so Inev can'r be stored in seed
banksin the usualway.These.seedsincludemany
rainforesttree speciesand plants that grow 50
underwater.
RogerSmith,headof theMillenniumSeedBank,
explainsthat scientistsat the bank are already
workingon finding newwaysof storingthoseseeds
that canrotsurvivethe dryingarrdfreezingprocess,
and alsoon hor.rto regeneratelhe seedswhenthey 55
becomeextinctin their natural habitats."At the
moment,all we'redoingis preserving
theseplants
for the future.We won't havemanaqedto conserve
anv sDecresunt we rlnq tne Wav to successtullv

5 Themethodsusedin storingthe seedsshowthat

canbe preserved
formanyyears.
A al seeds
bestofedbyrequarmeans
B somespe{esctsnnot
lntohealthy
develop
C someof the plantspecfes
olants.
D someseeds
aredamaged
whenX-rayed

Cin theRoyal
Botanical
Gardens
Din theKewGardens

Seed
3 Themalnobjective
of the Millennium
Bankisto
of the world's
A savethe seedsof thousands
plants.
B protectallflowerng plantsinthe world.
projectin the next
start a nw internatior'ial
fewyears.
soon.
U
on proJect
undertake
a larqerconservat

6 TheMillennium
SeedBankls tryingto
A reproduce
newplantsfromtheseeds.
E reduce
thestorage
fivesof someseeds.
theseeds
destroy
thatcannotbefrozen.
planttheseeds
lfe.
that havea shortstorage

out itsworkby
4 TheMillennium
SeedBankcarries
govemments
to plantseeds.
A trdinng forergn
the world with botanists
B travellingaroLrnd
fromothercountries.
seedbanks.
c helpingotherinternationai
international
seedsand returntng
D collecting
for storage.
themto Brltain

to Dr
according
7 Whyisthisproject
important,
Prilchard?
A lt'susefuto medical
research.
B lt'susefuln technologicalresearch
governments
in develop
ngcouftrtes
C lt helps
D lt helps
habitats
animal

could
b" Where
voufinda textlikethis?

Vocabularv
Practice

regenerate
themand grow newFla$tsftom them,"
pointsou1Smil-h.'But at least
wriy, when the
technologlbecomesavailable,and it will, we won't
havelosteverything."
seedsfor the furure,the
As well as presewing
seedbant alsoreceines2000requestsper year for
seeds from universiLies,governmentsand
for usein varioustypes
conservationist
organisations
to find curesfor diseases,
of research
- for example,
worldandto helpin
to growfood in the developrng
prqects ftar restore the natural habitats of
so theyr'anbe released
endangered
animalspecies
back into the wild. Dr Hugh Pritchard,head of
researchat the Mjlleoflum SeedBanlqsavs:"While
it's true that manyof the plantswe preserveat the
bankaren'tusefulat themoment,thatdoesn'tmean
theywon't becorneusefulin the future.Something
weusetodayare
like thirtypercentof themedicines
basedon productsor chemicalswhich have been
exlracted from plants.So it's easyto see why we
needto preservethe diversityof the earth'splant
Iifefor thefuture."

tn
a. Whatdothehighlighted
wordsandphrases
thetext referto?
b. Explain
thewordsin bold.Ther.usethemin
sentences.

Discussion

questions.
In pairs,
discuss
thefollowing
is
Doyoubeievethe Mi lennium
SeedBankProject
important?
Why?Whynot?
.r yo-tr
Do yoJ knowof any eldargeredspecres
be doneto protect
country?
Whatis beinqicould
them?

Bank
does,
then
Makea listofwhattheSeed
pre$ent
thetopicto theclass.
Youworkfor theMillennium
SeedBankandvou
In
theproiect.
a poster
arepreparing
to promote
pairs,
decide
whatyourposter
willshow.

161

forms?
ffi Future
Grammar
Reference
1

ldentii/thefutureformsandmatchthemto the
co{rertdescriptions.
Thenmaketruesentences
aDout
vourselt
usrno
tnerulute10rms.

you sawsomebody
Supposang/Providing
throwing
littelon the pavement
whatwouidyoudo?
But fotProvidedthe students'
hqlp,the dolphin

wouldn't
have
been
saved.

rhisnew'actonTr
1';1
h rl-s theperi'ion
aqainst
signit.
a vegetarian.
she's
isgoingto become
[2T-l Linda
aboutit fora longtime.
beenthinking
p!
Byrte enoof rhs rr,onth.thp rery.lingprolect
will haveoeenrunntngfo' fve years.
will taketheissue
of
[4Tl t'msurethegovernment
fl

1 There
mightbecleaner
air .
z lf rherewaqr'ranypollutionat all,
Butforherhelp.,,
lf the factoryhadn'tdumpedwasteint'rthesea,
5 Therewouldn'tbesomanyendangered
species
theenvironrnent,
...
6 lf we tryto protect

GM foodsseriously.

Inpai6,actoutex(hanges,
asin theexample.

people
will belivingin unden/vater
lTT-l tnt 00years
cites.
endot rheweeK.we'll havefinishedo:r
IET ] ByLh.e
survey
on endangered
species
rEaking
a prediction
aboutthe future
b fLl.ure
ar or wh,cl-hasa ready
beerclecideci/plarred
f
actionin progress
at a iratedfuturetime
on-th+spot
decision
bEfDre
actionwhichwill befinished
a statedfuture
Ume

emphass
on durationof actloflup to a ceftain

futuret me

Rewrite
inasmanywaysas
thelcllowing
sentences
possible,
using
inthelistbelow.
thephrases
. beto . bebound
to,ibe
rerlalnto,fbe
sureto be . be
aboutto,/be
onthepoint^/erge
of
The company's
new schernewi I undoubtedly
be
profitable.
Thecompanls
it bound/swe
lo bepfifrtable.
neusrheme
ThePrimeMinisrer
wiLldeivera speech
on Monday.
jntruduce
3 Thecrtywillceftainly
a newrecyc
ingprolect.
4 Thecorporat
on wrI shortlyfacebankluptcy
dueto
the toxicwastescandai.
5 The volunteers
will certainly
cleanup the river
withinthenextsixmDnths

yourhopesfor andfearuahoutthefuture.
Express
l'mnftlid thattherewillbeserious
nuc]ear
arcidents
in the
future.

Cond
i tionals
Grammar
Relerence

Underline
thecorrect
item,

1 68

Poachers
shouldbe stoppedunles#orelse rnore
dn malswillbecome
ert nct.
Hewill hep uswith the projecton conditionthat/
in casewe do the research.

Complete
thefollowing
sentences
usingyourown
ideas,

I'dloveto knowthedateof the"5ave

ourTrees"
rally!
it, l'llletyouknaw.
lf I hearanynareabour
/ lf I hadknown.
I
youlhexedllt
would
havebrought
yesterday
demonstratlon
2 lwentto theGreenpeace
to V$/VF.
3 l'vejustsenta cheque
4 Willyoubeabl-"
to cometo the Organic
Gardenln
with us?
exhibition

Conditionals
ffi vixed
Grammar
Reference

Matchthebeginnings
in columnA to theendings
in
different
column
B.Suggest
endings
to each
beginning.
B

lf the company

wasmorecareful,
lf shehadknown
aboutthe protest,

3 lf youweremcre
environmentally
awat"e,

4 lfthe forestfire
hadn'tbeenput
out.

youwouldn'thave
throwntherubbish
on
theroad.
b thewholeforestwould
beburntto theground
1o0ay.

c it wouldn't
havepolluted
the dvers with toxic
wafle.

d shewculdbeherewith
usrooay.

ffiwirL*r
?
Grammar
Reference
asintheexamples.
Makewishes,
arebecomrng
exlinct.
Manyanimalspecies
I wkh/ lf onlypeaplewouldstophuntingthen
'l
Toomdnytreeqareberngcut down
3 Theozonelayerisbadlyddmaged
withsmog.
citieserechoked
oftenltteronthebeaches.
5 There's
dumPthellwastentorivers
Factories
andseas
badlyin zoos.
aretreated
Animals

9 My fatherwassixtywhenhe retiredfromwork.
.......
age
Myfatherretrred
-..... .. ....... slxty.
10 Youcanborrowit, butonlyif youarecarefulwith t
.......... carefu!
wlth it.
as
Youcanborrowit

prefixes
WordFormation:
in
Form
wordsusingtheprefixes
theboxandthewordsinthelist.
change
Howdoesthemeaning
whenyouaddtheprefix?
. ovel . under-r OUt-. in-

. put
. sleep. weig\ . populated
o react.lime . use
protectrve
restimate.come
developed

English
tn Use- Paft3
the
using
thesentences
10 Complete
given,
to fivewords.
Usetwo
word
Donotchange
thewordin bold.

foodswill
It iscertain
that organlc
appear
in locaSLlperrnarkets.
organic
foods
bound

in localsuPermarkets.
lf Katpdoesn'twork harder,she
getpromoted.
wilJnever
Kate will riever'get
does
promoted
moteworK,
ts gefirrrq
3 The WWFspokesman
ready
to starthissPeech!

about

TheWWF

hisspeech!
nowto
lf youdon'tdo somethlng
thingswrll
helpthe environment,
onrygerworse.
unless Thingswill only get
......-...........
w or se
..........
.. ......to h e l p
now.
theenvronment
thes{heme.
oppose
5 They'llcertainly
b ou n d The y.... ... ............
thescheme,
hehadlearnt.
6 Heforgoteverything
anything He

hehadlearnt
bepopular
7 Theideawillprobably
Theidea
likely
.. ..........
.. . P oP ular'
I Peope believemotor ra{lng |5
dangerous.
supposedlvlotorractnq...........
dangerous

English
in Use- Part2

11

Readthetextandfill in thewordwhichfitsbest.Useonlyone
(0).
word.Thereisoneexample

For Birds, For People,Folever

theFoyalSocietyfor he
Sinceit wasfounded0)in 1889in London,
growllinto Europe's
largBs
Protection
of Birds1)..,..........
a million
wildlifesonservat
on charity,with more 2\
includea
lt hasolficBsacross3)
UKand its activitiss
members,
.,,ofissues
huge
4),....,,,.
to protect
lhe Crested
set5) ...--........
Grbe,whosenumbers
Origiflally
foritsleathers
forhats4 ......,..-...
....reduced
due10demand
had6).......,
104-year
theFSPBhasspontmostol 8) ...-.........
thelate19lhcentury,
In 9) . ,. ........way,it hasprevnted
history
buyinglandlor naturere$ervas.
as increasing
ihe extinction
of rare species,as 10i.....,..,...
Public
The
ol lhe dangers
tacgdby bird lfe in tsrilainand Europe.
awareness
by
to havveryimponant
lawspassed
RSPBhas11) ..."......-managed
Th6.
12)...,.......,
ensurethe conservation
of birdsin Britain.
Partiament
thatthsreareindsed
13)......,.,..,.
aslhs RSPB
Droves
successof societie$
many peopleout 14).......,.,...
who do careaboutlhe worldaround
15)
hasbecomg
TheSociery's
achievemnts
clsarlyshowthat 16),.,.,.......,
conservalion
orqanisatiofls
in turope.
oneof themostinllueniial

tn Use- Part4
English
at eachline,lf a linets
textbelowandlookcarefully
12 Readtheput
(/) it. lf it hasa wordwhichshould
notbe

correct, a tick by
there,writethewordat theendof thelirie.

youcando it in your
for wildlife
issosimple
creating
a habitat
own backyard Allyouneedto startthemarca fewthingsto
supply
thewildlfe \,{ith,suchlrkeshetefiwaterandfood
bychoosing
thepropeltreesandshrubs
Thiscanbeachieved
bird:andmammals
with
foryourareathattheywillprovide
alsc
bothfoodandsheltetManyof blrdsandanjmals
deoend
on flowers
for nectacsobesureto havea wtde
Thetyoeof planrsyo,LLsewi I deoend
on
va'ietyof flowers.
thpea{hlypeof wiLdlife
in yourareaandwhatfoodsoutces
theyneed.Asfor thewdteryouw ll beneed,digginga small
for
hoe in thegroundandfillingit withwaters sufficient
themostwildlife.
Youcanalsoput up a bidbath.which
youcanbboughtat mostgarden
likebeing
shops.
Butterflies
aroundmudholes.
somakea messln a cornerif youlike.
Don'tfeelyouneeda larqebackyardsoto makesurewildlife
visit.Evenif thebalcony
canbe.oma
of a cityaparrment
wiidlifehabitat,
solongaswellthereisenoughfood,shejter
and\&ater
for theanimals
andolants.

0
00
1
7
3

them

5
o

1
I
9
10
11
12

13
14
15

169

!-,'

Reviews
arebriefaccounts
of book, filrns,plays,
CDs,
etc.Theirpurpose
andvievrer.while
isto Informreaders
also giving opinionsand tcommendations
about
whetheror not theyshouldbuya CD,reada book,
watcha film,etc.

comments
b general
mainpointsof theplot
!
Information
background

Reviews
shoud include:

anintroduction
whirhgivesfacf5and background
information
concernlng
the book.CD,etc(i.e the
litle,thenErne
type,fic)
of theartisvauthor,
. a maiftbody,usuarly
TadeLo of two paragrapls:

one describing
the mainfeatures
of the subject
(eg the plot), and anotherincIudiflg
general
corTiments
and opinion(e.9.the acting,musical
stye,etc)
whichincludes
a recommendation
of
' a conclusion
thebook,CD.play,etc,supportd
byreasons
Reviews
arenormally
fo.rndir newspapen.
magazine5

or aspartsof a letterThestyleuseddepends
onthe
publication
and the intendedreader;therefore,it can

be ertherformalor semi-forma.
Present
ten$esare
normally
used.dswell asa varietyoi adjectives
to
makethereview
moreinterestino
to the reader.

FTI

UnOerttanding
1
theRubric

a, Read
therubric
andunderline
thekeywords,
thenanswer
thequestions.
Your schoolnewspaFer
ha5 askedstudentsto
submitrevis,l/s
of filmsthat they haverecentiy
seenwhicharerelatedto the envli'onment.
Wrlte
yourreviewgivinga briefsufirftdry
of theplotand
sayingwhy you think il might interestother
people.
Whois gcingto readthe review?
youinclude?
Whiehof thefollowing
should
. theendoFthPstory
. recommendation
. themainpointsof theplot
. typeof filri / nameof director
whenandwhereyousawthe frlm
mainrharadrers
/ narnes
of adors

awards
thefllmhaswon(ifany)
youuse?
Whichtenses
should

eni Brockovich$ a rrue story about

woman'scourageous
fight to beal the systern,
fiLur'sdirector is StevenSoderberghand the cas
includesJulia RobertsasErin Brockovich,a single
mothff of three.and Albert Finnevas Ed Masrv.
attorneyaEdlaterboss,
herslmpatheEic

lTTl Setin a smallCaliformatown,the STOIV

beginswhen,aJtera car accidentleavesher with
no mo ey and no .job,Erin begsEd to let her
work at his law firm. Whileworkirrgthere,she
accidentallycomesacross$omeEedical files,
Sensingthat somethhg is trot right, she
eonvinces
Ed to let her look into the matter.
that a powercompany
Soon,Enn discovers
has
bee pollutingthe city'swatersupply,causing
many of ils residentsto develop serious
illnesses.

momenl\
lTTl 'fne film is full of emorional
as Erin wins the trust of the s spiciousbut
frightened local citizens. The actors Roberts,whowon the Oscaraward
especially
for BestActress- givemovingandbelievablc
andthedrrecting
performances,
is excellent.

IZT] ThisIilm is wellworrhseeing.It \vill

b. Read
themodelandmatchtheparagraphs
to
thetopicsrecornmendation

170

touch your heajt and make you cheerfor

ordinarypeople.Don'tmissit!

c. Answer
theguestionsDoesthe writergivea detaied accountof the
storyor a briefsummary?
Information
doesthewliterg ve?
Whatbackground
revrew?
What
ls this a positiveor a negative
or not
phrases
doesthewriteruseto recomrnend
recommend
thefilm?
theendof thestory?
Doeshey'she
reveal
5 Hasthewriterused:
. passive
voice?
varrety
of adjectives?
expressions?
co!loquial
complex
sentences?
abbreviations?

Language
S useful
fromtheboxto makesenteces
Choose
nhrases
based
onthemodel
inEx.1.
ErInBrockovich
ri iet inosrndlifownin Californio.
/
Vocabulary
LjsefulLanguage:
/ Expressions
Phrases
Beckg
round
. Thefilm/story
issetin . . .
. Thiswell-written/infornrative/
book
fas(inating
. Thisoriginal
firstnovel...
. Thefrlm/book
tellsthestoryof .
. Thebook/nove,
waswrittenby ...

by
ThefiLmisdirected
on
Thlsworkisbased
I lt is a Lomedy/horror
filr'rlovestory.

MainFointsof the plol:

.

Thp nl^t fnrr rc'=( nn

. Thestorybegin#cnternvis
about.
. Theplothasan unexpected
twist...
. Thefilmreaches
climax. ..
a dramatic
. Theplotis(absolutely)
boring.
thr liinE/(rather)

andopinion:
General
comments
. lt isratherconfusingi
long/slowitroring.
. Tl-ecasl.tsexcellpnt^/vea
<,/awful/u
nccnvinCing
Thescriptis dull/clever/exciting.
end.
lt hasa tragic/surpris;ng/dramatic
r It is beautifully/poorly/badly
written
a5. . .
It doesn'tcomeacross
Thearrangements
aresimple/effeaivey'

complicated.
. rich/dr.r
I sound
catcnytune
. featulesa varietvof !'nusical
instruments
powerful/weak
voice
musically
satisfying

word/phrase.
thecorrect
Underline
hada
ThefilmG/odidtor
of
cast/script
thousands.
plays
oneof
2 MelGibson
the main (haracters/
actorsin the fi m.
isan
3 Ellzabeth
filmbased
outsianding
I
on/setin the lifeof QueenElizabeth
atteflded
the
4 ManVfamousactorsand musicians
film'sspecialeffects/prem
iere
5
Mostof the filmwasratherboringbut it dld have
at theend.
an interesting
twist/script
6 Chircgoi5
oneof tl^eoert filns l've seenir a lo^g
time. lt's sure to be a box office hit/highly
read.
entenaining
The ,qdf,yPofterbooksare so well-written/acted
reading
them.
enJoys
lnaLeveflny huslrand
the Part of
I NicoleKidmantells the story/plays
V;rginia
Woof in l.hef lm lhe,tlour.9 RobertDe Nlro got very good reviewsfor his
Buli
role/plotin thefilrnRdging
endthat you'll
10 Thestoryhassucha dullitragic
eave
thec nemain tears.

referto filmsonly?
E. Whichof thefollowlng
nouns
. plot
. acting. scenery
script. s6reenplay
.story.cast.end
sound
effects
. special
role.character
effects

b. Which
ofthese
adiectives
canbeused
thenouns
to describe
above?
r dull . excellent
r terribler moving
. superb. awful
. fantastic. fascinating
r thrilling. hilarious
touchingr dreadful
r amrLsing
. starrlngrtragit
entertaining
dramatic. spectacular

abouta filmyou
c. Inpairs,
make
upsentnces
have
bothwatched.
StarWarshojgotspectacular
special
effe{ts,

1 t1

Matchthesetsof adjectives
{1-6)to thenouns(a-0,thenusethe
tollocation5
to makesentenres.

mfl

black-and.white
/ silent
/ animated
t 4 t I big/box.office/smash
unexpectEd
/ ironic/ dramali(
gripping
i best-se
lrngi fait-paced
lsT-linstrumental
/ cov+r/ lrve

trtr

16Tl debut/ solo/ chart-topprng

nn
novel
CD
fiim
twrst
verslon

Charlie
films.
ChoDnstlftedin black-and-white
Usefullanguage:Recommendations

Don'tmissit,
It iswllwodhseeing
It willchange
thewayyousee...
lwouldn'trecommend
it because
It'sboundto bea box-office
hit.
I highlylthoroughly/strongly recommend
Waituntilit comes
outcn video,
tt isa highly
read.
entertaining
Itt a boreto read
It'scertainly
at thetop of mylist
willnodoubtbethrilled
Fans
withthis.
Itt a must!
Don'tbotherwiththisone.
I definitely
recommend
thatyouaddthisCDto yourcollection!

a. Which
ofthephrases
inthelistabave
arepositive
andwhich
arenegative?
b. Which
canbeusedfora filrn,book,CDorallthree?
t. Useappropriate
tOrecommend
sentences
to yourpartnera
recent
film/booufDwhichyouenjoyed.

let Gori d murt/ defrniteF

recommend
thatyouaddthis
CDtoyourcollection.

Analvsinq
a bookreview
-)
v

7
172

a. Read
thebookreview
andputtheparagraphs
intothecorred
order.Whatiseachparagraph
about?Howdoesthe writer
recommend
analternative
thebook?Suggest
recommendation.

\^/OrvtAN
IN THE

AAISTS
l]E ThebookrelateshowFossey,
a zoologis!movesto the Varunga
mountainslo studygorillas-After
monthsof hard work, sheis filally
acceptedhto their group, ptaying,
wrestling and even hugging these
aflimals.Soon, however,Fossey's
world is threatenedas poachers
start to hunt and kill her beloved
friends.

flg-l t hightyretommendlHoman
ifi lhe Misls.It is beautifuUywritten
and will leave the reader with a
better understandingof this truly
remarkablewoman.
I ne oramS-rl|le(l srorv ls

grippingfrombeginningto end.It is
full of toucHngmomnts
asFossey
slruggles to save these often
misunderstoodbut affectiotrate
animals.Mowat's admiff,tionfot
Fosseyshowsclearlyin the bosk's
descriptionof hel lnve for the
gorillasandherdeeprespectfor the
natural nvironmentin which she
lived.
f-IfllWoman in thcMrsr, byFarley
Mowat, ls an inspiringstory that
takes place in the Varunga
Mountainsin Rwanda.A-frica,This
wonderfullywrittet book is the
biography of Dian Fossey"an
intelligent and determinedwoman
who devotedhr IiJe to protecting
thewildtrlountainsorillas.

the Rubric2
Understanding

youinclude
a. Read
therubric
andunderline
thekeywords.
Whatinforrnation
should
in yourreview?
Whatstyleshouldyouuse?Why?
youworkfor hasaskedyouto writea reviewof a
Theeditorof the newspaper
including
a descrption
of someofthetracks
and
CDyou1ke.W|te yourreview,
lt to yourreaders
saying
whyyourecomrflend

thetwomodels.
Which
model:
b. Compare
andcontrast
usesa varietyof adjedtives?
language)?
in style(e.g.uses5hortsentences,
contrartions,
colloqr.rial
isinformal
foritsrecommendation?
doesn'toivereasons
usessJmple
linkingdevices?
doesn'thaveparagraphs?

*ri

Sting: BrundNewDay
ErandNew Day, by Sting,is a brilliantCD
which is bv far one of his best"Thereareten
tracksto enjoy,eachone bettrthan the last"
Andalthoughthe mainthemeof the CD is love
eachsongtellsits owndifferentstory.
The CD's title track and first single,Brand
NewDay,is an upbeatsongaboutnevergiving
are simpleand
up on love.The arrangements
effeclive.The rich sound of Desert Rose
promisesto be the secondsinglefrom the CD
and is full o{ surprises.The minute-long
introductionis sr.rng
in Arabicby ChebMami
influences
andthe songwith itsMiddleEastern
and Sting'spowerfulvoice,is unlikeanything
he has ever done before.Afterthe RainHas
Fal/enis an enrgetic
songthat tellsa fairy-tale
storyof love.You'llbe hummingthis catchy
lune longafteryou first hearit! TheEndol Ihe
Camefeaturesa varietyof musicalinstruments
{rom loud drums to calmingkeyboardand
violins.
audiences
Once again.Stingwill fascinate
from all overthe worldwith his powerfulvoice
that
and catchytunes.I definitelyrecommend
youaddthisCDto yourcollection.
lt isa mustl

then
Bintoparagraphs,
Inpairs,
divide
model
Inwhichtypeof
ruggest
conclusion.
another
oublication
couldvoureadsutha review?

Sting: BrcndNewDay
Sting's latest CD, Brand JVelrDcy, is really
great.There are ten tracks on it and eventhough
the main theme is about love, the songr teJI a
different story. The title track, Brand, NewDay,
is alsothe nameof the first single.This gongis
really goodand the way it's pui togetheris really
interesting,Desdrt,Rospis the secondsilgle from
the CD and it's also great. The beginningof the
songis swrg in Arabic and then you hear Sting's
vaice-I really liked this song!The sorrgffier tfu
Eain Has Fallen, n another song that I loved.
The End of the Gc'mehas a lot of different
irstruments like drums, keyboardsand violins.
Sting is a ma:: who haeplayedabnosteverl'where
in ihe world. if I wereyou, I'd go out and buy this
CDtodayl

173

Readthe extfactfroma negative

reviewand
the
change
it intoa positive
byreplacing
review
underlined
wordswiththewordrinthelist.
recommendation.
Then,
suqgest
anappropriate
Catchy.
strong. hard. beautifu. simple
effectve

The CD's title track, A BeautifttlDay, is a

miserablesong about life and hope. The
anangementsare comDltcaled and dull. The
monotonoustune ot E|evaflon,as we as Tne
weaklyricsof WildHoney,makelhesetwosongs
verysqqyto forget.

.'.

below,
underline
thekeywordsand,foreachone.answer
thequestions
thatfollow.
10 Lookat therubrics
A mdgazrne
ha:askedi-sreaders
to sendn rer.iews
of rl-eirfavolrrtefilms.

general
Wrte yourreviewfor the mrgazine,
mentioning
cornments
the maiflpointsof the plot and including
abouttheactinganddirectng aswellasyou{recommendation.
Yourteacherhasaskedyouto writea reviewof a bookyouhavercently
read,to be published
in the school
newSpaper

givlngbriefdetails
yourecornmend
it or not
Writeyourreviewforthanewspapr,
whether
of theplotandsaying

Youworkfo. MuqicVibesl"4agazrre
ard youreditorhasasked
youto wr te a review
of a CDthathasjustcorieoui

givingbref detailsaboutthe CDandsaying

whetheryourecommend
it or
Writeyourreviewfor the magazine,
not

t Whattypeof reviewdo youhaveto wn!e?

Whcisthetargetreader?
Whatstyleis
appropriate?
What nformation
in the
shoud you nclude
introductron
andmarnbody?
4 Howwouldyoustarteachrevew?
5 Whatlanguage
wouldyouuseto re(ornmen#
notrecommend
thefilm/booUCD?
7

youhavelearned
theinformatlon
in this
11 Using
unit. your
to thequestions
above,
and
answers
writeanyof thetasks
Youshould
write
above.
between
120and180words,

l!:,..

j" r

lj ir.,l';

17

Lead-in
1

In
a, Lookat thetrtleof theunitandthepictures.
pairs,
discuss
howtheyarerelated.
them.Howdo
anddescribe
b, Lookatthenictures
theymal(eyoufeelT
which
of life.Inpairs,decide
a. Lookat thestages
staoethesewordsrelateto.

vborn

newborn
'grown'up'Adult' adolescent
. toddler
I patent
infdnt. pensioner
. teenager
person
childr middle-aged
r youngster
r [36y. senior
citlzen
elderly
. schoofage
chid
luvenile

about
'"ar.iYouwill hearTrmgivingLydiaadvice
herlifestyle.
changing
Forquestions
1-7,putiY)

for Yesor YJforNonextto eachstatment.

1 Lydiahasbeentryingtolosewerght
.,
Timthinksbooksarehelpiul
3 lydiahasto copewith a lot of
pressure
at work.
A
Im admits
thatheeatsunhealthy

tr

tr

foodswhenhe'sstressed,
5 Lydia
hastrredarornatherapy
hefore.
Tlmis{oncerned
abouthisown
lfestyle
qoinqioggng l.ogetl^er.
7 Tin suqgests

n n

tr tr

whithagegroupthefollowing
b. Inpairs,
decide
relate
to.
. tempef
. career
. savings
. retrrlng
tantrums
. learning
. promotion
. stress
to talk' learning
I leatning
. homework
to read
to drve . pension
. playmate5
. stafiing
a familyr universtty
whotsovertwenry,
taa puson
A: I thinko urcetisrelewnt
don'tyou?
needta starteotning
o
& Yetberause
thrJiswhenpeople
living.

thequalityof
b. Whatfactors
doyouthinkimprove
life?Discuss
in oairs.
Paraphrase
thequotations
below,Whichdoyou
agreewith,andwhy?Discuss.
'Weareso busymakinga living that we

forgetto makea life.

A. E Gouthey

Life is what happensto you while

you'rebusymakingotherplans.
JohnLennon

175

Lookat thepictures
a d thetitleof
thearticle.
Howaretheyrelatedi

Inpairs,
whichof the
decide
bYinthe
healthissues
suggested
photographs
youthinkhelPusto
livelonger.

b. Skimthetextandseewhichof
themarementioned
in it,

Readthetextaoainandchoose
the
youthinkfitsbestforeach
answer
question
(1-7).
youranswers.
Ju$tify

liue
to
all
ex?ect
ca,n
we
that
is
good
news
The
o
ther
any
than
liues
heatthier
and,
bothlonger

well we &Ee'
r7l
"tw
nlstory
rn
'
Eerler&tnn
howeuer,is basicallYup to us!
We conseethotthereot
offeclingthe ageing Proc

The 20th centurYt'

for hovingtl
remembered

oveshownlhotintokeof
to beo c(
s more,thisseems

meonshos
ld oge octuollY

rvethehighest
PoPulotion
3s
lheworLdl
theresto{ us nowloceis howto
ThechoLlenge
foct' two
in
There
ore'
procets
ogeiig
ll"
a"fov
.
' lhol
we needlo be owore

o{
the possingof lime os well os higherlevels
odvlce.
longevity.
skillsto keeP
Leorn
new
7
I / Be optimistic
"
the mindoctive.

Give uP smoking'

Leornhow b relox'

4 J Hoveo senseof humour'

5 / Do Yogolo helPPosture'

1 76

,/ Hoveo 30minutewotr
eochdoY-

Hove occessto good

medicolfocilities.

I
I

Avoid stressin order to

'/
improveheolthgenerollY'

10 /

xwith o vorieiYof
peoPleof differentoge5.

11 ./ Usesuliqblecreomsio
proled lhe sklnin
summer
Hovecl leostfive Pieces
12
of lruit ond vegetobles
per doy.
lmprovediet bY eoting
smollerportions,
especicllyot night.

According
to the writer,life in
old ageis improvingbecause
A olderpeoplearein better
health.
attendfitness
B cordnurnbers
classes.
is
c thenumbetof diseases
decreesinE.
paymoreforrnedical
D people
treatmeff.

r:1$,,1

Practice
Vocabulary
usingthem,
a. Matchthewords,{henin pairs,writesenrences
1 medical
2 healthier

A micelive40%longerif they
stayenergerlc
canhelP
eatir'rg
Fewer
calories
uslivelonger.
helpsolder
c intakeof calores
peoplelivelonger
morewhen
D miceremembered
theyatewhattheywaflted.
Whichof the followingasperts
ofageingcanbetontrolled?
of time
A thepassing
age
B ourbiological
age
C ourchronological
D curmental
age
5 Thewriterfeelsit iswrong
to gooutinthesun.
to socialise
B foroldetpeople
withyoungsters.
c forolderpeapleto doanYthinq
otherthdnwalking.
D to finishthedaywitha hea\Y
meat.

o hlls
e process
f

cLfcumstances

lifestyle

pensioners
cr.n't
otfotd
topoyhuge
nedid bins.
Mos!
the
foreachword,thenexpldin
b. (hometheconectmeaning
highlighted
wordsin thetext.
a
1 largly(line1)
a
(line3)
7 averag
greying(line10)
5
a
(line12) a
exaggerated
5 actively(linel8)

olderpeoPle
Nowadays,
A tendto be morestressed
B worryaboutthe qualitYof life.
stayactivemucnlonger.
D takeJifeasrt comes.
4 Research
hasshownthat

9reyrng
4 Ife
5 agerng
a recoro
soclal

in
Thewriter feelsthe incfease
llfe expe{tanqy
thatwjll
A issomethinq
contlnue.
predictable
B wascompletely
trend.
C i: a worrying
D hasbeenexaggerated.

popuraron
expeflancy
numDer

s\

hugely
p
typical
darkening
ovemtated b
a9gressrveryb

fnostly
statistical
ageing
overdone
eager!y

qsd

TextAnalysis

(1-13)
andmatch
thewritermakes,
Lookat thelistof suggestions
aspectS.
frcmthelistto eachof thefollowing
oneexample
habit2; activity
nutrition
, )uL

'wd'

ja t t it u d e
o v,,!tI

;intellect

.........

Discussion
anybadhabitsyouhavewhlchcouldpossibly
a, In pairs,discuss
to
whichyouwouldbeprepared
affectyourhealth.Decide
givingreasons.
change,
for oldpeopleif theylivewiththeir
b. Whataretheadvantages

fumilies?

givingadviceonwhatto doandwhatnot
Nowwritefivesentences
life,
to livea longer
andhealthier
to doin order
frvepieces
Besure
toeatotleost
offruiteathday.

JNUSTLEAb
YOUREALLY
A HEALTHIER
rll
i LIFESTYLE

WhichphrasebestsumsuPthe
writer'sviewof growingold?
A tt'snotagebutattitude.
B You're
asoldastime.
C Actyourageat alltimes.
D Cometo termswithit

177

uealthy
Lifestyle
Rank
thefollowing
in orderof
importance
from1. Then,
your[i$tto youl
tompare
paanefs.

E
E
T
E
E
T
E
T

Healthy
eating

Lookatthetablebelowshowing
thenuuitional
valueof Grtain
foods.
Inpairs,
talkaboutthedietsof:
.
.

eatingplentyot fruiVvegetables
eatrngreorneat

. an otopelson

anathlete
a student

. a person
who'sona diet

Givereasons
saying
whicharehrghenergy
for yourchoices
highlrich/low
inproteinl@tbohyfuateq
etc.

drinkingotsof water

exercising
regularly
sleeping
eighthorrfs
a day
to a healthy
weiqht
keeping
regularly
having
check-ups
pills
takngvitamin

17

o.5

b. Inpairs,
whatismost
distuss
important
fora healthylifestyle.
Forme,themottimportont
paqof o
lifesryle
healthy
iseatingplenty
of fruit
ondveEetobles.
B: Youlre obnlute\ right.Fruitand
vegetables
contain
lotsofvitanins.

c, Whatdoyoudoto keepfit and

healthy?

milk

11

150

o ,1
10
29 1

z?

o.4

e3

?
1C4

lish

9e

o.5
o. 1

5
1

tr

comflaktE

20
P5

1 5 .1

1.6
1

wiiloricc

103

277

4?

??

o,e

65
I

11

22

6.e

I eat[otsaf vegetobles
andgoto oerobi.-l
classes
three
trmes
aweek

Usethespidergram
to complete
the
cartoon,
using
thenmake
sentences
therestof thewords.
0re5se0

pad

r Al vatle5calculated
oernormalservno.

A; / thinkpastasho
dietbecause
it!ohighenergy
uldbepartofonathlete\
food
onditshiah
incarbohvrJrctes
andlowinfat.
B: YouTe
ghtlthinkahletes
alsoeatchicken
should
andfrsh
asthey
arehigh
nprofpJn.

b. Nowmaketruesentences
aboutyoureatinghabits.
don'treally
never
often
a/ways
someltme5

rarety
onry

ike
can'tsTano

dontmtno
tove
enjoy

spicyfood
allthetime
sweets
whenon a dpt
savoury
snacKs al work
greasy
foods at school
creamy
Sauces on holiday
junkfood
on a dailybasis
fizzydrinks
frut & s.aLads
dairyproducts

I don'treally
ona dailybzsis.
eatdairyptoducts

Howhealth
areyou?Whichof thefollowing
conscious
doyou
likeeating?HowoftendoyoueatthemTHowdoyouliketo eat
grilled?
rodst!
then:raw?
ftied?
baked?

17 8

. fish chicken
. steak
. veqetables
. Dotatoes
'

Wordsoftenconfused

Phrasal
Verbs
Appendix
2

words,
Underline
thecorrect
plater'dish/
WouldyoLlmlndif laskedfor a second
lt'sdeliclous.
helping/course
of cheesecakeT
7 Could I please have the instructions/recipe/
pie?
prescription/receipt
for thespinach
3 I foundthe pizzalwas lookingfor in the freezing/
(oldi i(y/frozefl foods section at my ocal

I out r over I with I Up . off . on . Without

Peter {an't do
coffee
in themorning.
2 Pall decidedto
t a k e . . . .. . . . . . . .a. .
hobbyas he had
a lot of free
time.
3 Herbluedressnolongerfits,asshetpr.tt
somuchweight.

suoermatket
Whenever
we qo out to dinnerwe alwayschoose
fishforourmainstarter/course/appetiser/dessert.
aUsparkling/bubbly
5 She hates drinking qassy/fl
aftera meal.
water,especially
wasso deepthat il
6 The wound/injury/pain/a(he
needed
threestttches.
Shewas told it would take weeksto heal/curey'
recover/mend
fromthe accident.

rOiornr
& Fixed
Phrases

thewordsin
a. lvtat(h
thesentences,
thenexplajn
arethe
italics.
Whichof theseidiom#phrases
same
lnyourlanguage?

I t t ookC hris t ine

t w o w eek st o get . . . . . . . .. . . .h. .e. .i
5
6

7
I
9

spaghenil

ET-l.hoo<o nno< hanit

ITT-IShekjustki/iingtimeu til
i4lt You'I havethetmeofyourlifeif

b. Choose
onephrasalverb
anddrawa picture
aboutit. Theclass
try to guess
whatphrasal
verb
it suggests.

trE A couchpotdtdspends

EE Hdviflgo 5weetfoofh is to
b
c
o
e
f
D.

Whichidiomisillustrated
inthepicture?
Inpairs,
your
Compare
usetheidiornto writea caption.
pair's.
Which
doyoulike
aptionwithanother
best?

kneeinjury
Sherefused
to put up . .. ..... suchrudebehavio
ur.
in the fridgers gl v rng. . . . . . . . . . . . .a. . .
Something
strange
smell.
fat From
herdiet
Shewasadvised
to rut
fora while
Youshould
keep.... .. ...chocolat
| could
do ..........
.... a n cecupof tear ghtnow

10 Chrlslovespasta;I think he couldtive

A
forfe
ThecitycntrecomJ

B
itt notkeptin thefridge.
youvisitusin thesumnre(
blame
for herbeingoverweight
W
mostof theirtlnrewatchinE
hertaxiarrives
aftermidnight

particle,
thenexplain
a. Fillinwithanappropriate
thephrasal
verbs
inbold.

Prepositions

a. Fiffin:in,ov|wfut,ut,to,frcn,with,
thenmake
sentences
usingthem.

I
Appendrx

goodshape;2
of date, 3 to be
pressure;
4 to beaddicted
............
sthj5 to go
a f,|et; 6 to be a ergic. ...........
sth;7 to
sth;I keep. .... ... a heatrhy
werght;
recover
-.-..
I to cop
..t me . . ....time
; 10.........

b. Fiflin:loLat,df,wfth,
urnder,
,|

your age.
Youlookveryyoung
7 Shecan'tdrivea car,sne's
a9e
3 HehasErown
wiser
.................
aqe.
isjustthree
yea's.... ...........
4 John
age.
J
Mozart
wasa prodigy;
. .......,...."
..theageof sixhe
wascoi'nposrng
musrc.
6

l ha"' en'cLeenl- m

. . . .. .

. .ages .

179

, b..)Nowlistento therecording
andchoose
themost
'
(A,BorC).
question
answer
appropriate
to each

ListeningPart3
abouthow
a. Youwillhearfivepeople
talking
willchange
various
inthe
aspecti
of ourlifestyle
youlisten,
discuss
the
next50years.
Before
followina.

1 Howhavethe follcwingthingschangedour ltvesin

Whatdo youthinklifewaslike
thelast10-20vears?
withoutthem?
. mobiephones
. theInternet
. satellite
. cheap
airtrave
/ cable
W
2 What other thingscan you think o1-that have
changed
ourlives?
[ook al the headings(A-F1li5tedbelow lfl pairs,
predrctwhat
thespeakers
miqhtsayaboutedchtopic.

Forquestiofls
whichof theheadings
1-5,choose
(A-F)
isone
aretalkingabout.There
thepeople
extrasubject
whichyoudonotneedtc use.

A
B
C
D
E
F

ications
Commun
ThEEconomy
Travel
Heath
Enteftainrneft
5hopping

Speaker
1
5peakef
2
Speaker
3
Speaker
4
Speaker
5

n
tr
I
T
T

Whichof theabovepredictions
doyouthinkwill
come
trueandwhichwillnot?Inpairs,
make
yourpredictions
aboutthethingsdiscussed
in
thereording.

Listening
ng- Part4
withthe
a. Youwill listento oartof aninteruiew
press
offlcr
oftheNational
Fitness
fusociation,
tn
whichhegives
advice
onhowto jointheright
gym,Before
youlisten,
answer
thequestions
Thefollowngv',ords
and
phrases
areheardin the
recordinq.
Inwhatcontext
do youexpectto hear
Tneml

showoff yourmusces
aerobcs . faclities
yogaclasses
' lotkers
loseweight
. encourageflrent
. monthlycost I persona

. Lfemembership
trarner. contract
Lookat questions
2.4. 5 and7. Whatgues{rons
do
youexped(
theintervrewer
to ask?

1 80

gymsin yourarea
to research
Why is it advisable
beforeyoujoin?
A Samegyrnshavetoo muchaf a sociascene
gymssuitpeoplewith differentneeds.
B Differ-.nt
to loseweightin the wronggym.
C lt'simpossibie

2 Markwarnsthatjoiniflga gymwhichis
foryou
unsuitable
A wil makeyolrwantto giveup.
B rnightproveembarrassing
C couldendupbeingexpensive.
3 Ac(ordingto Mark,whenshouldyouvisita gym
for the firsttime?
A Whenitt at itsbusiest
B Onanyweekday
quiettirne
c At a relatively

ynonthly
4 Apartfromthe standard
costof beinga
youshouldfindout
member,
trainers
arecornpulsory.
A whetherpersonal
thereareanvhldden
costs.
B whether
rooms
C whether
thechanging
areexpensrve.
5 lf the gym asksyou to Signa contract,you

should
A besuspicious
ofthatgyrn
B studyit closely
on yourown
a seewhathappens
if youleave.
5 WhydoesMarksaythat lifememberships
are
not good?

to livee sewhere.
A Youmightdecide
B Thegymmightmovefarawayfromyou
yourmindabor.lt
c Youmightchange
exercrse.
beforejoiningis
7 Marksaysthat doingresearch
worthit because
A it canmakea dlfference
to theoveraI cost.
youto stadexerrising.
B it willenrourage
of life.
C the rightgymcaninp'oveyourqualiry

the
Doyougoto a gym?ff so.what0oyouenJoy
mostandwhatdoyouleastlikeaboutit?
"lf awimmin4
Ia goodfor dcvaloPln4
Ehouldars,arfil and la4a,why

haven'twaddvelopedanY
arms
ehauldcrs,
and lcg67

5
I

centre
n ne* leisure
q-rdgr,ttaaa

to twocandidates
doingthespeaking
'. ", Listen
thirperformance
taskinExs3and4 andcompare
yourclassmates
Assess
in
to thatof yourclassrnates.
tErms
of:
grammar
an0vocaoutaq/
theyperforrn
thetask
howsuccessfLrlly
pronunciat
on
interact
vecomrnunir:ation

centreisopeninginyour
Workin pairs.A newleisure
areaandtheyarecurrently
deciding
onwhat
Thephotographs
showsome
facilities
to include.
facilities
frsmothercentres.
each
First.
talkto eachotherabcuthowuseful
faciliwwouldbefortheclients.
Thendistuss
which
fourtheleisure
centre
should
choose.

Communication
. Giving,Accepting
Advice
& Rejecting
used
to
Read
thedialogue
andunderline
thephrase
giveadvice.
Does
speaker
the
A accept
or reiect
advice?
A: Helen,I waswondering
if youcoud helprneout.
ljustcan'tmanage
I haveto dol
ever)thing
yourdeyso
B; Whatyou reallyneedto do rsorganlse
thatyoucanrestat somepoint
A: That's
a lverywellforyouto say,but havenospare
t mewhatsoeverl

.
.

.
.

Usethelanguage
andtheprompts
below,aswella5
yourownideas,
to the
to actouTdialogues
similar
oneaDove.
Giving
advice
hatyou (really)
needto do!s..
d ..
oucoul
Whydon'tyorr. ?
Haveyouthought
of r
I
youtried...?
Have
Thebestthingyou
c ando l s . . .

PROflLEMS
strffafterwork
noisyneighbours
tenibieheadaches
backache

Accepting
advice
What/Thatsa goodidea!
Thatmightwork.
lt mightbca goodidea.
lthrnkl' ltakeyouradvice.

.
.
.
.

Re,ecting
advice
. That's
easrer
saidthandone!
That'sallverywellforyouto
say.b'rt..
. I don'tthinkso.

.
I
.
I

ADVICE
Jona gym
talkto themaboutit
tryalternative
medic
ne
navea massage

Everyday
English
B

questions
together.
Discuss
thefollowing
1 Whatisyourfavourite
wayto relxj
inyourcountry?
z Whathobbies
arepopular
3 Do you believepeoplespendtoo much time
workinE
thesedays?
lifeto you?
ishaving
a socral
4 Howimportant

says.
Inpairs,guess
andsaywhattheotherspeaker
It'sa matterof life
anddeath!
Thisisthelife!

Lifeishard
5 Notonyour fe!

E ttinpoftantl

8: It:la nattetoflifeanddeoth!

181

q
e2

" Part3
Reading

Youwill readanextractfromLouisa
MayAlcott's
LittleWomen.
Readthetext abouttheauthorand
thenovelandanswer
theouestions,

LouisaMaYAlcott (1832-1888)
wasoneof the mostProlnc

19rh
Aflerican wdte$ of t"he
Sheis bestknown
century.
books'
for herchildreD's
Littrle
theclassic
esPeciallY
I wo^.n (1868)In thissemr0ovel'
autobiograPhical
the
Alcotttellsthe storyol
is
MarchfamilYVhile thefather
Meg'
sisters'
'rch
er'rvorkhardto

10

me' Ifl this

taughta
been
have
lust
four
Slrls
e{tracLthe
valuablelesson'
old'
Arcon:
MaY
'4,'
Lo'tsa
b1
;;;;;
;;;
Jos Sctap Bag
Ar
(1870)'
CtrI
iorn on"a
(1875);
ht Coasiru
1886)'

15

20

Howrs famllylifeaffectedwhenoneparentts
away?Whatadditional
responsibilitles
doesthe
motherhaveif the fatherisaway?Howisfamily

25

with yow experimenl,

girls,or
"Areyousatisfied
do youwantanotherweekof it?' sheaskedasBeth
nstledup to her and the rest hrrnedtowardher
with brighteningfaces,asflowersturn towardthe
sun,
"I don't!"criedJo confidentlv.
"Nor1."echoedtheothers.
"You thinh then,that it is betterto havea few
duhe*andlive a little for others,do you?"
"Beinglazy and fooling arourd all day doesn't
pay. loTt I A.odI intendto do it rightnow."saidJo,
shakingherhead.
"FTl That's a usefulskrll. which no womar
should be withouL" said Mrs March, laughing
of Jo'sdinnerparty,for
ftiiiudiblyat thefd-colldiltitr
shehad metMissCrockera:rdheardher accountof
it.
be,
"Mother,did yougo awayandlet everything
justto seehowwe'dgeton?"askedMeg.I zTl
'Yes, I waatedyou to seehowthe coffifort of all
dependscn eachdoing her sharefaitbfully.Wlriie
HamahandI did yourwork,yougotonprettywell,
tlough I don't thir < you were yery happy or
Don't vou feel that it is more
to help one another,to havedailyduties

[[e affectedespecially
whenthe fatherisa soldier
in a wir?

Whatdoyouirnagne ifewaslikefor fouryoung

girlsin the 19th century?
What weretheir
obligations,
andhowdidtheyspendtheirfree
time?Thinkabout:hornework
- housework
socialife

Read
lines1-12of theextract
and,in pairs,
'experiment'
discuss
whatthegirJs'
probably
involved,
o . Nowreadtheextrad.Seven
sentences
have

beenremovedChoose
fiomthesentences
given(A-l)theonewhichfitseachgap.Therer5
onesentence
whichyoudonotneedto use,
(0).
There
isanexarnple
at thebegiflning

3
182

youinsert
Whathelped
ea(hmissing
sentence?
Discss;nDairs.

A So I thought,as a littlelesson,
I wouldshowyou
tr'n<sonlyof I erself
whel eveJone
wlat happens
B Shehadhadsuspic
onsallday.
every
day,andnotspend
L
l'lldo mylessons
somuch
anddolls.
timewlthmvmusic
D I canandI will,thoughI'mnotfondof sewing.
E ThenI amquitesatisfied
withtheexperiment,
and
fancythatwe shallnot haveto repeatit, onlydon't
go to the otherextrerne
andworklikeslaves.
I shaI takesomeup to herroom,thoughshesard
we werenot to thinkof her,forshe'dtakecareof

herse!f
youlearnPlain
cooking
G Suppose
and there is olentvfor
H Work is wholesome,
everyone.
to goto workatsomething.
I'mtiredof rtandI intend

whichmakeleisuresweetwhenit comes.andrnake
andlovelvto usall?"
ourhomecornfortable
'We do,Motherwe do!''criedthegrrls.
'Then let me advisevou to take un rcur little
again, for though they seem heavy30
Uiiffi'fi$:.
sometimes,
theyaregoodfor us,andlightenaswe
learnto carrythefl.
lZI_l It keepsusfromboredornandmischief,is
goodfor healthandspirits,andgivesus a sense
of
powerand independence
better than moneyor 35
fashion,''
'TV'e'llwork like bees,andloveit too, seeif we
don't," said Jo. "1'll leam plain caoking Ior my
holidaytash and the dinner party I havewill be a
success,
"
"I'll make the set of shirtsfor father,insteadof
lellingyou do it, Mother.lsE Thatwill be better
thanislliiig over my own things,which are plenty
niceenoughastheyare."saidMeg.
"lEI-l l'"e beensilly,andIoughttobestudling,45
not playing,"was Bth's resolution"while Amv
followed their exampleby heroicallydeclaring,"I
andstudymy parts
shalllearnto makebuttonholes,
of speech."
'Very good!FTI Haveregularhoursfor work 50
andplay, makeeachdayboth usefirland pleasant,
andprovethat you understandthe worttr of trmeby
it well. Then youth will be delightful,old
agewill bring few regrets,and life will becomea
beautifulsuccess,
in spiteof poverty."
''We'llremember.Motherl"And thevdid.

"Nor1," echoed
theothers.
(line;l
..-to havedailyduteswhrchmakeleisuresweet
whenit comes.. (lines25-26)
. . and[they]lightenaswe learnto carrythm
(lines31-32)
'We'llworklikebees,and loveit too, seeif we
don't," ...{lines37-38)

a. Thetextabouttheauthorstates
thatliftle
f?omen
issemi-autobiographical.
Whatdoes
thatmean?
Whatcanweassume
aboutthe
olot of litt e Woflen?

b. Which
adiectives
MrsMarch
and
bestdescribe
youranswers.
herdaughten?
Justify
. passionate
kind. deicate dynamic
clever. gentle charm
ng

talklike
a. Whatisthestyleof writrng?
Dopeople

youranswers
thattoday?
Justifo
bypointing
outexamples
in theextract,
thensayhowthey
wouldhavebeensaidtoday.
Exttdtt:'Mother,
didyougaowayandleteverything
be,jun

howwddgeton?"
tosee
lvlodernvenion:"Mun,
ingtousiutfto
d[dyouleave
everyfh
see
howwe'dqeton?'
b. Howwouldvourecommend
thisnovel?
c. Canvouthinkof a title for theextract?

Discussion
Vocabulary
Practice

withtheir
a. Matchthehiohtiohted
words
meanrnE.

.sefting. people
. cothes
youwerea filrnproducer
b. lmagine
andhad
decided
to turnthisnovelintoa film,Inpairs,
youwouldchoose
decide
whichactresses
for
eachcharacter.
Whatwouldthesettingbe?
Wouldyoukeepcloseto thenovelorwould
youmakea modern
version
of it?

. ustng
. memory
. good-natured
. compla
. responsibiltties
. tasks. silently
ning
andfindthesimiles
used.
b. Read
thearticle
again

TextAnalysis

phrases
Thefollowing
aTetaknfromthepassage,
Explain
theboldpartsinyourownwords.

a. Inpairs,
thinkof a cover
forthisnovel
based
on
theextract.
Thinkabout:

girltodaydiffer
Howdoesthelifeof the average
fromthatdescribed
in theextract?
Thinkin terms
of:
. ou es

.letsure

r ambitions

183

'.#4

wso

?
Reference
Grammar

Defining
/ Non-defining
Clauses

Fillinthecorrect
it It
thensaywhether
relative
wnere
definingfD.lor non-defining
fl{J.Putcommas
approprlate.

q
@

recovered.
eventually
yettheyrefused
4 Theywerehomeless,
io accept

on television
the otherday.

financial
aid.

5 TheHistory
Museum
. .. .........
opened
in 1973recentiy
closed
youcanseethe ErffelTower
6 Parrs
..............
istherapitalof France.
Thisbook
fromthe
lborrowed
library
lastweekisveryinteresting,
goon holdayin August
8 lusually
theweether
is niceandhot.

Usetheprompts
to actoutexchanges,
asinthe
example.
/ loseweight
A takeupjogging
B. triedrt./gaveup
A: Youshouldtakeupjoggingin ordetto lospweight.
butlgoveupaftero while
B: lknow-.. I trieditc.nri*,
/ increase
vitaminintake
A: eatfreshvegetables
B: lovesaladVdlfficult
to flndwhennotat home
A: be moreactive
/ stayflt andheathy
noteasy
B: wantto takeexercise,/
/ worklate
stresseves / become
4 A reduce
morerelaxed
B; tryto keepcaln/ facea lotof presstire
every
day

,iffi\

of Purpose
',wr.*lClauses
Grammar
Reference
a, Jointhesentences
usinqthewordsin brackets.
Lurywentto the bank.Shewantedto takeout
(inorderto)
somemoney.
Hewasveryquiet.Hedidn'twantto wakeupthe
(toavoid)
baby.
3 Let'Ftakea Facked
lunchwlth us We mightget
(incase)
hungry
Wetooka taxi.Wed dn'twantto be late.(so as
notto)
5 Rachel
hashiredmore5taff.Shewantsto expand
(sothat)
herbusiness
6 Youshould
in surnmer
wearsunscreen
Youwon't
getsunburnt.
{to prevent)

lags
Question
ffi

?
Gramrnar
Refe
rence

b, John
isgoing
onholiday.
Whyishetakingthe
objedsinthepictures?
Makesentences
using
dauses
of purpose.

question
thecorrecl
tags.
Underline
you?
Susan,
areyou/aren't
You're
2 Sheworksforherfather,
doesn'tshe/does
she?
won'tyou/willyou?
Don'teattoo,,nuch,
goto thegym,shallwe/shan't
4 Let's
we?
,|

l'm not late.aren'tl/am l?

food,isn'tit/isn'tthis?
Thisis Chinese

rshere,
isn'teveryone/aren't
Everyone
theyl
8 Heneverdances.
doeshe/doesn't
he?

English
inUse- Part3

strawhat

.flippers
moneyb elt
lantern

coorer

He'stakingo beothumbrcllo
sathatheconsitintfieshirde.

18 4

ninety,
bufhewasstillextremely
fit.
Hewasalmost
herryfls
hewasalnoitninty
Although
stii/extenely
fit.
journey.
Desltethelongcoach
theelderly
touri$s
werenotat alltired.
Howeuer,
shespenta longtlme in hospital.
she

lastweek
Amanda
.........
....I knew
at unversrty
was

beach
umbrella

r Reference
Grammar

Rephrase
thesentences
inasmanywalrsaspossible
Use:desprte
howevu,otthough,
eyatthough.

we haddinner
.. .........
1 Therestaurant
food.
servedexcellent
.. livesnextdoorisanactress
Lynne.-..-...
3 Thatbtheman... . ,.... (3rwasstolen

sunscteen
camera

,+

Clauses
of Concession

usingtwoto fivewords
Rewrite
thesentences
thewordinbold.
including

lsawsteve.
It isrnorethana monthsince
I
for
a month.
rennyisasoldasPeler
Peter
S ame
Jenny.

Youshouldgo on a diet.
wgre
rf

Somesaythat life beginsat 40, but

scie istshavediscovered
that0)50 doesthe
process
in
of mentalderline.Fsphologists
Read
ng havefoundthatpeople
startto slow
1).. .......
... mentaly
in thelrmid-torties
2I..... .......as
They
testedroutine
abilities
tirnetakento remember
names
and faces,
to 5ituations,
and I
speed
3).............reaction
showed
that I
concentration
ontasks
4) ........ decision
makng.The
results
clearly
in 5)...........
... mid-fort
espeople's
mntafacultles
remained
!nchanged.
However,
t alsoshowed
thetthinking
sFed
starts
45 andcontinues
at a
t0 decline
6) ....-..-...
rate,People
constant
become
sightlytorgetful,
andrnight7l
,. .......a ong
tirneto recaI someone's
Theyarealsounable
name.
to bringthingsto thefrontof
quicklv.
8)..........
. ...mind
Nevertheless,
experts
aEreethat oder peoplecanrely9)
Iflerr
greater
experience
to compensate
10)., . ........
the slowdown
in theirmental
functioning.
In 0therwords,they cannotprocess
the information
as quickly
l1)... .........
rheydid
ir ttrepast,
butt\e/knowt.e
exper
enreandwisdom
arequalities
13)-......,,...do not de{line
withage.I
14).... . . -. . . . . it b e t t e rt o c o me u p wit h a q u c k d e.c. .is
. .io
. . .n. .l5
a
. )w s e o n e ?l

Ae

go ona oret
4 Anndoesnot ofteneatturkey.
unuSual It

eatturkey.
5 I amsorrvI torootvourbfnnoav.
I
remembered
i , n ' r h ir th r { r v

6 All Lhefriendswent [o I'loscow

exceptMary.
exception With

went
all the friends
to Moscow.
instead
of
7 Hewantsto visitPoland
Jye

ri

ratner

.
H e ...........,........

visitSparn.
"Whoses thiscar?'sheasked.
" W h o .. . , . . . . . . . .
to

English
tn Use- Port5
Readthtext belowandusethewordgivenincapitals
attheeno
line.
of eachlineto forma wordthat fits in thespace
onthesame

sheasked.
9 I t5 a wasle of timeto asktor a
paynse.
Therer5
POrnr
a payfl5e.
10 lamsorry,
l c annogrve
r youa n_
difficult
ta m sorry,
but
!_ --r

to giveyoua lift.

-...r.!$"r
tffit'+

WordFormation
Formnouns,
adjectives
andadvefus
fromthefollowing:
admit. apply.collect. create
.promote.repeat
emplcy

Eng ,n n use- raft /,

Read
textandthink
thefollowinq
of thewordthatbestfitseach
$pace.
Useonlyonewoadineach
space.
Thereisanexample
at the
(0).
beginning

t,

Withour0) infredJhgly
hecticpaceof life,it isbeconring
to eatpropprly.
moreandmoredirFrculT
l)

snacks
andfastfoodseemto havebecome
the norm.This
maybe havinga 2)
effect on pmple's
waistlines,
but did you knowthat it canalsocause
wild
7
moodswings
and3)

INCREASE
HURRY

NOTICE
DEPRESS
RELATE

partof thebody-mind
4)
Foodisanimportant
pojnt out, it is particu{arly
and as researchers
our
5)................
. ......
of sugary,
fattyandcarbohyd{ate-loaded TAKE
DfiAMA
foodsthat6).....,...
....,...
.. .,- affectthewaywefeel.These
foods trigger the body's production of so-called
7) .. .,,.,..,.............
neurotfansmitters,
chemicals
messages TRANSfER
fromonenervecellto theother,whichprovldes
a seemingly
8)............................
irRprovement
of mood.
Thus
a crunchy |\r4lRACLE
barof chocolate
or pieceof stickypastrymaymakeyoufeel
better,
thisfeeling
lsusually
short- FORTUNATE
but9)............................
lived.Thereason
is simpleThoughour bloodsugarlevel
peaks,
initially
it l0) ...........................
slumps
andwe
RAPID
again,
aresoonieftfeelinoworsethanbefore-

185

Interpreting
Rubrics
I
In ordel to complete
a writlngtask
successfully
we neadto nterpretthe
the II
rubriccorrectly
and undersland
taskfullybeforewe startwr ting ThE
rubric aontains the following
information:

DearAlex,

Thanksfor your letter.It wasgreatto hearall yournews.I'm sogladtbat

youaregoingto visit TurkeythissumEer.
If you r!'ant to have an enloyabieholiday on the beach,I would
recommendmy favouriteplace,BodruBr"It's a loveb,seasideresorton lhe
westcoast,andit isyerypopularwith touri$ts.It hasmanyreasonably-pdc.ed
hotelsandsomebautifulbeaches.
The seais veryclean,and (cellenlfor
snorkel)ing
andscubadiving,
The be-sltime to visit is in springor aurumn.The ureatheris very nice
{rom ApriLto Juneand from Septemberto November.I think it lvouldbe
far too hot for you in the middle of the summer-Also, there are fewer
touristsaroundlhel! Eoplacswill be lessfiowded.
a trip
Therearernanyplacesof iRterestthatyou canvisit.I recoEtmelld
to Ephesus.
mins.You canalso
It's an encientsirefull of berutitulclassicl
visit themedievalcastleof St Peter.Thereareamazingviewsfrom there.
I hopethat you have* greafholiday-Ifyou want to knowanythingelse,
just dropme a line.

. the type of task ag, repart,let?r,

drtrcle
etc
. the reasonfor wntinge.g.to apply
for thejob,to giveyouropinion,to Gsk
forinformatloneIc
. rhesit,Jation
e.g.
a^d rargprreadea competition,
a mll fot appliffiti)ns,
you feochPr,
yau friend,your loul
newspdpet
el{
. the styleof w'il.i.rge.g.lamal foro
report,infomolfora ftiendetc
' the subjectltoplcsto includeeg.
ways
includedetailsof,..,suggesling
to...etc

Bestwishes,
Cemal

Hasthewritercovered
a I thepointsin therubric?
Whatstylehasthewriterused?
the lnformation
in the rubrc?
3 Howhdsthewriterreohrased
has he used?Can you think of other
What topic sentences
I

Read
therubric,
underlin
thekey
wordsandanswer
theouestions.

a
I

Thisispartof a etteryou have

recevedfroma penfrrend.
Oueoswhaf.- my farniy and
I harc decidedEa vieiEyo|r
couil|ry for a haliday lhia
aummer.Can you tell me a
4oodplaceIa v bL ard whan
i6 r,he be6t, Ltfie Eo qo?
Afso, do yol.rhaneany aAvice
abouE whal siqhLs \^'/egihould

iee?

thequestions.
Read
themodel
andanswer

annrnnrirtp

.!nF(?

ntroductron.
5 Suggest
a suitable
alternative
6 Suggest
conclusion.
a suitable
alternative

Read
thekeywordsandanswer
the
therubric,
underline
que$tion5,

s
3

You have just read the adleftisementbelow in your lcral

newpaper

a
a
I

Itl gruornrs

Writeyour letterto yourpen

friend, giving the relevant
inlormetion
andyouradvice,
1 Whattypeof writingrsit?
z Who afe you? Who are you
writingto?
Whatstyleof writingshouldyou
use?Why?
How many subjectsmust you
ncudeT
How w ll you arrangethese
subjectsintoparagraphs?
What canyour openlngremarks
be?
Howcouldycuendyoutletter?

186

___

people?
^ peoplato

workag

aniwerinqqnestij.is
al
foreiqn
F[exiblhaur.

TheTourioLlnformator
to the touristcompany.
Saywhy
Writeyourletterof appiication
youareinterested
in theJobandwheilyouwillbeavailable.

youuse?Why?
1 Whatnyleof writingshould
greetingvsaiutations
are
2 Whichof th following
suitable
for yourletter?
...
...Yourssincerely,
a Dear5ir/Madarn,
...Yours
sincerely,
...
b DearManager,
faithfully,
...
. . Yours
c Dear5ir/Madanr,
youinclude
topicsshould
3 Whi(hof the following
in yourletter?
a yourage
youEpeak
b whatlanguages
experlence
c yurpreuous
youcanwork
d hours
e whereyoulive
f whereyousawtheadvertisetnent
g yourpresent
occuparron
forthejob
h yourreason
forapplying
yourwritingintoparagraphs?
4 HowWllyouorganlse

Dear5ir/Madam,
I am writint to applyfor the posidonof infoffnadon
of{icerwhichwasadvertised
in'The Evening
News'.
I am l9 yearsold andam studyingGermanandFrench
I am in ffiy third year and would like che
at university.
I
oppoFtunity
re practisemy language
*killswith foreigners.
alsospeaksomeSpanish.
lwould appreciate
the yaluable
experientethat working with tourists would give me,
whenI
sinceI planto followa careerin hotelmanagement
gnduate,
I have alwaysenjoyedworking wlth people. Last
surnmer,
I workedas a guidefor FreedomHolidays,
which
was intereffingand enioyable.
This experien{eIncreased
my knowledgeof localhlstory,tourist resortJand places
of interest.
I amavallable
for the wholeofthe iu|.nrnerperiod.I can
be contacredby telephoneon 201 575 5523 or at dre
aboveaddress.
I hopeyouwill considernryapplicadon.

thequestions.
Read
A andBandanswer
models
pointsin the rubricbeen
Haveall the relevant
lsmissing?
lf not,whatinformation
covered?
2 WhEtstyleof writinghasbeenused?
the most
3 Whichletterdo youthtnkwill receive
positive
Why?Thinkabouttregister.
response?
style,content.
of formal
Lookat ModelBagainandfindexamples
sTyre.

of.
5 Lookat McdelA againandfindexamples
. shcrtforms
. colloquialsms/idioms
. irrelevantinformation

Yours
tuirhtulh
,/a*ci Poolzt
JanetParter

;. Read
therubric,
thekeywords
and
underline
youmustinclude
inyour
saywhatinformation
letter.
*l

a
o
a

You organlse
studentsocialeventsat your
college.
Readthe notefroma student.Bob,and
partof the collegerufes.Thenwritea letterto
to
the Headof the college.
askingpermission
havea partyandgivrnghamsomeinformation
abouthowit wilibeoroanised.

DeorSir/Modom,

I've .iuslseen your od in 'The EveningNews'

ond I'm lookingfor o summerjob.An informotion
oflicer'sjob wouo be gleot +orme.
fm 1q cnd l'rh-b'student ot universityI'm
studyingGerrnonond Frenchso I think this will
come in hondy for deoling wlth tourists,Also,
I've been to Spqinq couple of times so I know
some Sponish.\/ell, enoughto get by, onywoy!
I did the sdme sort of thing lost yeot os o
louristguide,so l've got loodsof experience.I
know lhe ciiy well ond I love working with
people,
By fhe woy, I hope you meqn it when You
$oy "good poy" - the lourist guide Job po;d
peonuTs.
Let me know if you thirrkI would be OK for
the job. You ccn coll me ot home on 201576
5523,
Yourslruly.
Jcnet

Canyou aeklr4rCox(nhenewHead)il
vre aaI ha,rea end-of-l;erfiFarl'y?
Wed like f,o h*e a disco on SOth
May In the mainhall lrom &pm-11,3opm.
MelairiHill sorf, otfi lhe lood anddrinkand
Vlakiia Aoin4EheAecoraElor,s.
Tell him we
wlll cleanup praperlyat1.,ewvards,
Thanks,
Eob

College
Rules
maybe heldprovided
that:
Parties
I a wriitenapplication
is mideto the
HeadEivingfulldetails
at least2 weeks
beforethe proposed
dat.
. the roornusediscleaned
thoroughly
afterwards.
. thereis no noiseafter'l2 pm.

1Bl

b. Answer
thequestions.

DearMr Cox,

Whattypeof lettershouldyou
wite?
Howwelldo youknowthe person
youarewritingto?
youaddress
3 Howshould
theletter?
4 Whatstyleof wfitrngwoud be
appropriate?
5 Whats yaurreason
forwriting?
youincude?
6 Whatpoints
should
you
Howmanyparagraphs
should
write?
the
How shouldyou closr'sign
letter?

The olherstudentshaveaskedme to writlo you becausewe

partyat the collego.
wanlen end-of-term
Pleasecanwe havea party?ll woutdbe in the mainhallon 30th
lllay,witha discoandsomclood anddrink.Melanisis in chargeof
the refreshments
andVickiis sorlingoul thedecorations.
We promise10lidy up the hall afterthe party.Also,we won't
makeanynoiseatler12pm likeit saysin thecollegerules.
It wouldbegrsatif youwouldsayyes-Letus knowsoonl.

Yours
truly,
Emma

Underline
andanswer
thequestions.
thekywordsintherubric

Read
themodels
and,foreachone,
answer
thefollowino
suestions.

Yourteacher
Youhavebeendoinga classplojectontechnology
aboutthe folowing
hasnowaskedyouto writea composition
statement:

1 Whatstylehasthewriterused?
s

out livesfol thebefter

Cofiputets
have(honged

thisappropriate?
Why(not)?
the
2 Howdoesthe writerrephrase
poi^t'aik (l\4rCox)rfwe ranhave

You should state whether you agree or disag{eewith this

yotrrreasons
clearly.
statement,
explaining

1 Whattypeof compositron
rsthis?
2 Howformadoesyourwritingneedto be; Why?
withthestatemnt?
J
Doyouaqreeor disagree
4 Whichof thefo owingstatements
aretrudfalse?
s lives.
a Youshould
writemainly
aboutpeople
b Youmustinclude
thedisadvantages
ofcomputers.
yourpieceof wiitingintoclearparagraphs.
c Youshould
divide
youropinion.
d Yourcomposit
onshouldnclude

party"
anend-of-term
?
What reference
doesthe writer
maketo thecollege
rules?
Do youthink Mr CoxwrL grant
the requestafter readingthis
letter?Why(not)?
DearMr Cox,
I am writing on behalf of the
to hold a
studentsto ask permission
UTpadyat thecollegeattheendof term.
We wouldbe gratefulif you would
allowus to hold the partyin the main
E hall on 3fth May from 8pm to
11.30pm.
We planto havea discoand
some re{reshments.
MelanieClark is
makingthe arrangeme
ls for the food
anddrinkandVickiBrownisorganising
thedecorations.
rules,
ln accordance
withthe college
we will makesurethe ha{lis cleaned
immediately
aftertheparty.Also,asthe
partywill be overbeforemidnightI can
assureyou that there will not be a
problernaboutthe noise,
I hope that this meetswith your
approval.lf you have any questions
please
do not hesitate
to ask.

asananswer?
Think
about:
a. Read
themodel,
lsit appropriate
punctuation;
paragraphinE;
styl;
spelling;
content
{e.9.
phrases
irrelevant
notparaphrased)
informalion,

Yourssincerely,
Ennv6tratvn
EmmaCraham

1 88

they haveinvaded
every
Theuseof computers
todayi5 widespread:
,
ourlives
I thinkthisisa goodthing,though,because,
s aspedof aurlives.
''b
havechanged
forthebetter
')
whrch
Firstof all,computers
usefulin education.
Schools
areertremely
t.
''t givestude
greatadvantages
to younglearners.
t5access
to computers
ofTer
'I
Theyareableto usethe Internet
to findout intormation
cn an unlimited
We havea numberof
rangeof subjects
to helpthemwith theirstudies-l
especially
whenvre
in or.rrschoolandwe all flndthemhelpful,
-t computers
,.}
haveto do a project
Whatismore,computer
hasalsogreatlyimproved
industry
technology
Mostof ourmodetnappliances
aredesrgned
andmanu{actu!'ed
andvehicles
with the helpof computerised
s)stemsand robots.Greattechnologica
advances
havebeenmadewhichtnakeourliveseasier
]
However,
havebroughtfew
therearepeople
whoarguethatcomputers
andeasler
withoutcompulers.
benefits
to ourlives.
Theythink ifeissimplier
Ithinkthesepeople
shouldmovewiththetimesandstoplivinginthepast.
All in all,computers
havemadeourlivesbetterandit looksasif they
willcontinue
we likeit or not.5o,we
to affectthewaywe livewhether
miohtaswellacceDt
t!
'!

underline
thekeywordsand
10 u.Readtherubrig
questions.

findthelinkingword#phrases
inthe
b. ln pairs,
alternatives.
model.
andthenthinkof suitable

the
answer

You have decidedto enter a short story

Thecompetition
rulessaythatthe
competition.
words:
storymustbeginwiththefoliowing
last,
thoughwe
hodo mop,wewere
completely
Even

and
a, Underltne
thekeywordsIn therubric
theouestions.
answer
You work for a ocaltouristoffce and your
manager
is planninga new blochureabout
eatingDUtin yourtown.Hehasaskedyouto
which restaurd
ts
wnte a report sugqesting
in the brochureDescribe
shouldbe rncluded
threeplacesand explainwhy you thinkthey
visilors.
forforergn
wouldbesuitable

Writeyourstoryfor the comFetitian

[120-180
woros/.
1 Whoisthetargetreader?
youuse?Why?
2 Whatstyleof writingshould
willyouuse?
Whattenses
4
Whatcouidyourstorybeabout?
makea goodstory?
5 Whatelments
plot
a a verycomFlicated
b suspense/drama

1 Whattypeof writingisthis?Whyareyouwritinqit?
2 Whorsgoingto readthe report?
Whatstyleof writingis applopriate?
canyouuse?Givereasons
4 Whatsub-headings

c lotsof characters
d a vdriety
of descriptive
language
e an interesting
beginning

thequestions.
anddnswer
b. Read
themodel

ending
f a s ightly
surprising
g useof writing
techniques

1 Howdoesthe reportbegin?Howis it dlfferent

froma letter?
2 What reasonis qivenfor visitng eachplace
in thereport?
included
3 Howdoesthereportend?
sub-hadlngs.
4 Inpairs,
thinkof different
andconclusion.
5 Thinkof anotherntroduction

6 What sort of narratve shouldyou write- f rst

person
Whomight"we" referto?
orthirdperson?

b. Read
lhemodels
andsavwhichoneisnot
suitable
andwhy.Thinkabout:
theinstructions
in therubrlc
following
correct
useof tenses
correctpunctuation/spelling
usecf vocabulary
appropriate
interesting
Illot
variety
of adjectives,
etc

To:
Mr James
Smtt(Manager)
(Ofrice
worker)
Fron:
RoseWilliarns
Subject: Newbrochureoneatmgout In l\ewtrown
?thApril20...
Date:
Intmdtrctlotr
whichmight
restaurants
Tbeaimof thisreportis to sug8est
belncluded
appeatto foreigndsitors,andshouldtberefore
in lhe proposed
nwbrocbureoneatingoutin Neltown.

ThIrspitrgtrish
Thiscosyseafoodrstautafltoffrsa varieiyof dishesusing
freshfish caughtlocally-It is idealfor familiesandserves
to taste
home-cooked
tood.Visitorswottldhavethcchanc
someof Newtown's
traditionallocaldishes,
Yrko'sSushiBor
is a recntadditionto the
ThismodemJapanese
restaurant
afldgoodfood
towfl'splaceslo
eat.lthasa livelyatmosphere
outof the$rdhary,
a0dwouldofferavisitorsomething
Chaplln's
Resmuraat
This high class re$aurat offen a wide range of
visitorscouldenjoytheirowD
intemational
dishes.
Foreign
foodof another
thetraditronal
favourite
dishhereor samole
couDtry.
Couclusion
o{t!9
arerepresenlative
I feelthattbi places
I haveselected
hastooffer.
larietvofDlacds
to eatoutthatNewtown

lost.My
Even
thoughwe hada map,wewerecompletely
of
frrendJaneandI sturnbled
through
thethickunflsrgrswth
looking
around
desperately
forlandmarks,
butwe
tAl theforest,
tr didn'thaveacluevvherewewere.lt wouldbedarksoonand
o we !4/erew0rried
E
ful of happiness
Wehadstartedout Eadythat morning,
and exchement,
enjoynga wonderfulhikein the forest.
to takea shortcdr.
Tnen,at aboutmiddalwe .|adoecided
Weleftthetrack.andcouldn'tfindourwayback.
Nowthesunwasgoingdo,fln,ourfeetwere50re,our
back wereachingandwe felt terriblyhungry"l can'ttake
muchmoreof this!" Janewailed,almostin tears,andI was
alsobeginning
to panic.
tu we hurried
Ihen I hearda farnlnoisein the drsLance.
- trafficon a busyroadl
towards
it, thesoundgrewclearer
stepping
out of the trees.we realised
we hadbeengoing
andthe roadhadne,,erbeen
roundandroundin crr-cles.
morethana fewhundred
metres
awav!
q

189

c. NowreadmodelA againandanswerthe
oueson5.

It wasaverynrcedayMybrotherTom
andI detidedto go
fora walkinthewoods.
get
we set off
We
olt in
Inthemorning.
morning.
lt wasverynoT.vvesoonger
tiredandwe hadsatdown.Thewoodswereverynice.We
wa'keda birmore.Weloo(edat thebigtreesandheatsome

the information
in the tirstparagraph
Underline
whichtellsthe reader:
who wasinvolved
- when/
wherethestorytookplace.
formshavebeen
How manydifferenttensedverb
used?
a Whichword#phrases
showthe writefsfeelings?
adpdivedadverbs/verbs,
What
Circlethe descriptive
difference
do theymaketo thestory?

nicebirds.thererverelotsof flowem.

Where
areweTom,I saidI donTknaw,herequested
Notlorg afte'thenwe ddn t knowwhichwayishome.
Weturneobackbutalllookedthesa'neallaround.rs.Even
lost.
thoughwe hadd map,wEwerecompletely

andanswer
thekeywordsintherubrics
thequestions
foreachone.
11 Underhne
Youhavelustseenrne ToowtnoaovefirsemenT.

e
a

+ Wh o ti syouf
lovouritelypl"
o {mu si c?
t Whydo you tikeit?

We are ookingfor shcrt

these
arti(les
answering
questrons
andwe willpublish
someof the bestarticlesnextmonth.

&

{t

a
a
a

Wrireyourarticle{orlhe magazine.
E

a
a
a

Yourfriendhada b rthdaypartylastweekend.
Anotherfriendcf yourswasill andwas not
ableto go to the party.Writea letterto yDur
friend.describing
the party,Includedetails
andthe music.
aboutthe food,the guesLs
Writeyourletter.

parents
Yourfriend's
dreplanning
to visityour
Yourfriend,Paula.
town/city.
haswrittento
youto suggest
youasking
a goodhotelwhere
canstay.
herparents
Usingyournoterbelow,writea letterta Paula
tellinq her why you recommendthe
HoteL.
Remember
to warn her
Ambassador
badponts.
aboutthepossible

Your collegemagazinehtssInvitedyou to
suggesthelpfultips for revisingfor exams.
givinqyour
Writean articlefor the magazine
suggeflrons

HOTEL
AMBASSADOR
Goodpoints

Youhavebeendoinga classpro1eLt
aboutthe
environment.
Yourteacherhas askedyou to
about the foilowing
write a composition

statement:

r!

pollution.
ta helprcduce
Everybody
un do something

&

youagreeor drsagree
Youshould
statewhether
yourreasons
with this statement,
explaining
clearly.

HOTEL

friendly
modern,

nearto thetratn
2 LOCATION

Possible
badpoints
earlycheck-out
(8am'}
couldbenoisy?

$aLo

ROOMS

clean, no vrew
comfortable,

rates
reasonable
bar,
restaurant,
4 FACILITIE5

no pool

tounge

WriteyourcompEsition.
1 Whatdo youhaveto write?
for writing?
2 Whatlsyourreason
3 WhoisthetargetreaderT
Whatstyleisappropriate?
pointsmustyoujnclude)
5 Howmany

1 90

thesepolntsintoparagraphs
Howwitlyouarrange
the information
in the
7 Howran you paraphrase
rubflc?

yourpieceof writing?
Howrculdyolrbegin/end

fromthewordin
Fillin theconectwordderived
bold.

3
4

Unless
I
myalarmdock,
surero
SLEEP
l-{esenthis
APPLY
off lastmonth.but hehasn'theard
yet.
anythrng
POPULATED
Manycitiestodayare
loo manypeop|elivein them.
It i5oftendiffirultto find
thesedays.
EMPTOY
Thedeveloners
....-....,ESTIMATED
thstrength
of localopinion,
so
theyweresurp|ised.

5 A. Do yorr KNOW anyrnInE about ne

demonstraUon?
B: a SowhatT
b I haven'tgota clue.
(5 ma,tsj

thedialogue.
Complete

youcanstillbuybodyparts
A: Didl)
specis
on the blackmarket?
fromendangered
lcan't3) .. .......
.....1
...... ....
B: oh, it's2i
A: Youfeelquitestrongly
aboutit, then.
B : Y e s1,d o .4 ) -. . . . . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . y o u ?
....,,.butmaybe5)
. ,. .. ., ., do
Ar Yes,
beforelt'stoo late
sornething

(5 ma,*t)
(5 nalkt)

iscorrect,
Read
thesentences.
lf asntence
outa
ti.k (4. lf it hasa wordthatshouldnot bethere,
writethis\,\,ord
ontheline,

Reading
Youaregoingto reada magazine
articleabout
vadous
animals
that liveintherainforest.
For
(A-D).
questions
1-15,
choose
fromtheanimals
(0),
atthebeginning
There
isanexample

joinanenvironmental
Youshould
groupsuchlikeGreenpeace.
TheRSPB
hasgrownintoEuropel
largest
wildlife
charity.
f Howmuchfoodyouneedwilldeperd
or ouesls"
on rnemanvnumoer
4 Evenif small
actions
canmaker big

Whichanimal;

difference.
5 Soon,
allsupermarkets
wilisellawide
produce
rangeof organic
(5 rndrlr,l

Communication
(irclethecorrect
anrwer.
A: I thinkwe shouldwritea letterto the Nocal
paperaboutthestateof ourbeach.
B: a What'sthepoint?
Whata shame.
2
Haveyou heardthatthey arebuildinga road
throughthelocalwoods?
B: a

I don'tthink 50-

b Oh,t'sjusthorrible.
Youcouldjoinanenvircnmental
Eroup.

3A
E ':

a Thatrnrghtbe a goodidea.
ife.
b Notonyour ifr

Doesit worryyoLJ?
mesick.
B: a rheverythoughr
o[ 't rnakgs
b l'mafiaidI don'tknow.

4Ai

eatsinserts?
isnamed
afterwhatit look like?
hasno needfor camouflage?
is narnedaftera partof its body?
;sthelargest
of thefour?
bythelocalpeople?
wasnamed
livesin thetrees?
ispreyed
onbysnakes?
livesfor a shorttime?
doesnthavemanypredators?
beseen?
caneas.ily
beongsto theturtlefamily?
isharrnfulto people?
hassixlegs?
isusually
about3cmlongT
has a specialfeatuteto attract
food?

Matamata
B Long-horned
beetle
Poison-arrow
frog
D Leaftoad

0
1
3
4
5
6
I

I
10
11
12.
t4

'15

In thedepths
of thetropkolrainforest
of FrcnehGuinnalivesomesnange
andwonfurfulanimals
rarelysembyhunarc.

about50-70cmlong.lt livesin
th tropical marshlandand
or
k is orange-brown
grey-Drown
In corour
whichhelpsit to blendin
lt hasa
ro its surroundints.
largebody,a thick neckand
head
a broadtriangular-shaped
with a longthin snoul lt feEdson fishwhlchit
pieceof
attractsby wigglinga stranSe-looking
skinthat hangsdownfrom its neck.Whena
fishcomescloseenough,the maumatasucks
up the fishandthe water andswallowsit in
one biggulp.lts namewasgivento it by the
"l kill'.
sourhAmericanIndians
andit means

from a pieceof barkdueto

Flardto distinguish
thesebeetles
their brown andgreycamouflage,
are Zcmlong,Theyhf,vesix jointedlegsandtwo
longantnnewhichis how theyget their name
becausethey look likehorns,Theylivein trees
andeatwood.Thefemalelaysher eggsin a dead
branchandthe strongteethof
the larvaeburrow into the
wood.Whenthevare
mature,theytunneltheir j
live
way out.Theyr-rsually
for abouttwo years.

Indians
usedtheooison
trom cerEatn
lrogsto
tip their arrows.
However,they
didnt usethe
poisonfrom this
particular
species
despiteits nameThe toxins from this
frog are nor acruelly
deadly,
but theycancausean allergicreaction.lt
secretesits poisonthmughits skinandit is
strongenoughto kill insects,
whichare whatthe
frog preyson.lt is quitesmall,onlyabout2cm
andunlikemostfro$ it hasn'tgot webbedfeet.
h is brightlycolouredwith a blackandyellow
bodyandbluelegsandit hasshinyskin.This
warnsother animalsthat it is not goodto eat
so very few animalseat them.lt liveson the
floor of the rainforestandlikesmoist,shady
Dtaces.

this toad
As its namesu8gests,
liveson leaves
in the
*;;;"-;;;;;"_

rainforest"
lt hasbrown,
yellowandorange
patternedskinwith a raised
line down its backwhich
looks exactlylike the vein of a
leaf.lt positionsitselfin the centreof a largeleaf
andusesit-samazintcamouflage
to hidefrom its
predarcrswhicharesnakes,
birdsandspiders.lt
are
canonlyusually
be seenif ic moves,They
r-rsually
3-4cmlongbr-rtcangrow as bigas8cm.

(15ma*t)

Listening
vsreportaboutjellyfish.
For
a5r (true)or F
e statements

friends
showing
c. Bdowaretu/ophotographs
andcontrast
thetwo
togetherCompare
phoiographs,
whatyouthinkthe
saying
situationin eachone.

(false
l
aremakinqit difficultfor fish
Jellvfish
farmers
to survrve
z Jeliyfish
always
swimin largegroups
3 Jellyfish
siingsalmon
andkillthem
immediately.
for many
4 Jelll4ish
havebeenaround
i

thousands
of years,
aboutthe
5 TheEuropean
Unionisconrerned
situarion
Scientists
don'tknowmuchaboutjellyfish.
problem
hasbeen
Thejellyfish
in Denmark
broughtundercontrol
(14 l?,a'*s)

Speaking
questions.
thefollowing
| fl Answer
a goodfriend?
d. Whatmakes

1 wnat tsvourravouflTe
5Do[1

Doyouenjoytravelllng?
3 lf you rculd live an;ruvhere
in the world.where
wouldyouchoose?
perdaydoyoustudyEnglish?
4 Howmanyhours

5tudent

showingdifferent
11 a. Belowaretwo photographs
andcontrast
the

functions
of thelaw.Compare
i5more
whichsituation
two pictures,
saying
stressful.
Student

(l0marksl

Writing
e

a
a
a
a

isrunning
Yourlocalbookshop
a wtiting
people
BigRead'
competition
called'The
asking
to writean articleabouttheirfavourite
book
Wfitean articleabouta hookyouenjoyed
whyyouwouldrecommend
andexplain
reading
it to othetreaders.
words.
Writeyourarticlein 120-180
(l6md'rks)

(Totol= 100ma*sl

Progress
Update
lick (/) thebox
Howdoyourateyourprogress?
to you.
thatapplies
ExcellentGood OK Could
dobetter

b, Howstrictdovouthinklawsshouldbe?

Vocabulary
&
Grammar
Listening
5peakiflg
Reading
Writing
Communication

Reference
Grammar
Section

lrregular
Verbs
Appendix1

WithPrepositions

o
a

Appendix
2
a

Phrasal
Verbs

FurtherPractice
Section
t
a
I

vvoros
onencontuseu
Multiple
Choice
Cloze
upenLroze

Tapescripts
Wordl-ist

195

Reference
Grammar
Unit 1
heindeflnite
alan
article
Weusea/an:
. with nounswhenreferring
to an unspecifled
thing;it
med s qnyone.\ab hosgota $( anda bike,ThecorisEeen
andthebikeis blue,
. with singular
nounswhenwe want to say
countable
job is.
ng isor whatsomeone's
whatsomebody/someth
h isa cat.Matyisan engineer.
. with the verbhave(got).I havegot
a matotbike.
. in certainexoressions
when we want to show how
oftenwe do scmething.
IgototheWmrwiceaweek.
We usea:

nounswhichbeginwith a
beforesrngular
countable
consonant
soundfuunian,
ahouse).
We usean:
. beforesingularcountable
nounswhichbeginwith a
vowelscund(onhoutonormy).
We don'tusea/an:
. wiih unrountable
we
or pluralnounsIn thesecases,
usesomeinsteadof a/an.I needsometoffeeandsugar.I
willbuvsomeenvelon*.
r beforean adjectiverf it is not followedby a noun.
is followedby a noun,we use
However,
tf the adjective
soundandan
a tf theadjective
begins
witha consonant
if the adjective
beqinswith a vowelsound,
It J:rd ronJtructon-lt it huge,lI iso hugeconsttuclion.
lt isan impressive
ThisisMa$shouselt is impressivehouse.

Thedefinite
articie
the
Weusethe:
. with nounswhentalkingaboutsomthing
specific
8ob
hosgota caranda bike.Thecarisgreerandfilbikeisblue.
I with nounsthat areunique(thesun,theEafth,
etc).
. with namesof newspapers
(lheGuadion),
cinemas
{the
galleres{the
Odeodr,
theatresffheE'r'lpire],
museumvart
(fhe
louvre),ships (the MarieCele$el,organisations
Uniledrvations).
. with the namesof rivers(theThames)"
groupsof islands
(theSeychelles).
mountarnrangesfheAipt, deserts(fhe
Sahora).
oceans(theAtlantic),
canals{tfiePanarna
conalJ,
countrieswhen they includewords such as States,
Kingdom,RepublicftfieUK),namesor nounswith of
(thetlauses
in geographtcal
termssucha5
ofPorliamenf),
the Antarcttt/Ardidequotot
the Nonh of heland,the
tloI th/ EosVSo
uth,ryVes
t.
anddances
withthe names
of musi{alinstruments
{tte
guitat; tllc sllso).

1 96

(tl|Ewns)andnationalitie
of families
with the names
endingin -sh,dr or -ese(theFrench).
Othernationalitie
canbeusedwith or withoutthe fartFgyptioff/Ewtians)
thePresidentJ
BUTnot with titles
with titles(thcQ een,
a propernarne(Queen
Vktoa).
incfuding
+ with adiectiveyadverbs
in the suDerlative
form{thebert
filmI haveevetseen)BUTwhen most is followedby a
goingto the
enjoy
noun,it doesn'ttake the. Mostpeople
flnema
with the wordsday,morning,afternoonandevening.
whenthE \eft.
ltwssearlyift ahemorning
BUT:at night, at noon,at midnight.by day/night
(thelastlceAgc,theVietnam
period!/events
with historical
wdrj,BUTrWorldWar I
with the wordsonly, lastandfirst (usedasadjectives)
Shewoslhe onlyonewhodidn'tcome.
with thewordsstation,cinema,thatre.library,shop,
roast. sea(side),beach,country{side),city, jungle.
worfd,ground,weatherlefj 90todtednemo,

Wedo not usethe:

. with uncountable
andpluralnounswhentalkingabout
area safemeans
ofvan5wft.
somethingin general.Planes
Tcdiso verypopulqrdtink.
. with orooernouns.,qnnwortsdJa libruridn. with the namesof sports, games,activities,days,
colours,
drirkrandmeals.
liyehdd
m'onths,
celebrations.
dinnerwiththeSmiths
onF day. with languages,
unlessthey are followedby the word
Polkh,FrcnchondEngllshflueftW
language.$obspeoks
BUT:Ihe Frenrhlanguageisspokzn
inpartsoftanado,
. with the namesof countries
whichdon't in{ludethe
lndla,
word State, Kingdomor Republic.Germany,
Australia. BUT there are sorne exceptions:tfis
tletherlands.theGambia,aheVaa',dn.
Penny
Lane),
with the namesof streets(OrtordStreet,
(trafolgrrSquare),
hridges
BUf: tfient6,trI42, squares
(London
BridgdBUf: theGotdenGat Btidge,parks(Hyde
Ring\Cross),
mountains
Por(|,railwaystations(Eustor},
(MountEverest),
individualislands{Cref4,lakeslloke
andcontinents(,4$cr.
Sdi,kd|J
or the possessiv
adjectives
with possessive
casefhat,i
firy Pen.

of restauranti,
shops,
banks.hotels,
etc
withthenames
who startdthem
whicharenamedafter the peoptre
(llanods,Martot Restawont).
with the wordsbed,hospital,college,coun,prison,
school.universitywhenwe referto the purposefor
which they exist lhe injuredmenhadto be takento
,rorpitdlBUTrWewenttothehotpitaltovisitHotry:
to leave
with the word work (= placeof work).I need
worikbyl0o'clock.
with the wordshoine,mother,father.etc whenwe
talkaboutourownhomey'Parents.
. with by + meansoftransport fbusderrylffd
in/carctc).We
tavelledto Poris
W ftdin.
He3Erot
rhrt*enpox.BUT:
with the namesof illnesses.
mea t,mumpsl$nnumps
flu/theflu, meosleithe

Grammar
Reference
Both/Neither
Both
. refersto two people.
lt hasa positlve
thingsor groups.
meaning
andisfollowedbya pluralverb.BothAnneand
Lynnstudyat universily.

Neither

Whole
is usedwith singularcountablenouns.We use
etc + whole+ noun.Wholeisnot used
a^hE/this/my
Hesteall
with uncauntable
nouns.HedlelhwJrole
cake.
ofthecoke.
Hespent
allof hismoney
oncDr,NOTlletpent

Some/Any/No

lt hasa negative
refeTs
to two people,thingsor groups.
meaningand is followedby a singularverb in the
atfirmative.fl"rtfier rompoiirionis descriptive
enoughNeitherof + pluralnoun phrasecanbe followedby
eithera singularor pluralverb in the affirrnative.
tlehlrarof theboys
is/ategod ot school.

Some,any and no are usedwith uncountable

nounsand
pluralcountable
nouns.e.g.5ofiefeo,iometoffotoes,
etc.
. Some and its compounds(somebody,someone,
somelhing,sornewhere)are normally used in
affirmative
sentences.
fhereismmemilkleftinlheboft/e.
Someandits compounds
arealsousedin interroEative
sentences
when we expecta Dositiveanswer.for
All/Either/Anot
her/Several/None/Whole examplewhenwe makean offeror request.l{/odidyou
likesomahlngto dink?
(anyone.anything,etc) are
Atl
Any and its compounds
usuallyusd n interrogative
sentencesHasd.nyone
lt is
thing or groups.
refersto morethantlra peopte,
tolkedto Boblodflyl Not any is used in negative
pfutal
arewonderfrtldoctors
followed
bya
vetb.,{Ilofthem
sentences.
Therc
kn't anyche*ein thefridge.
Anyandits
can go after the verb fo be.Theyue all vetyunhappy
compounds
canalsobeusedwith negative
wordssuch
oboutIhewhole
.
situation
aswithout,nevel rarely.)hovenevutolked
to anyone
the mainverb.Ihey
afterthe auxiliary
verb,but befor'e
likehimbefore.
haveall signed
up.
Whenany and its compounds
are usedin affirmatrve
. can be fol owed by day/nornlng/weeklear
Hehasbeen
sentences,
thereis a differencein meaning.Wecongo
reading
a bookoll day.
youlike.
anytherc
lit doesn'tmatterwhere)
. Both/Allcango a) after the verbto oe,or b) afteran
Anyonecould
have
done
rhdt(it doesn't
matterwho)
auxiliary
verbbut beforethe rnatnverb.Theyarealll
No and its compounds
areusedinsteadof not any in
bothexhausted,
negativesentenfes.
Shesardnotling- (= Shedidn't say
(= Therewasn't
anything.)
Thetewasnobodyin theroom.

Either

refersto two people,

thingsor groupsandis followed
by a singularcountablenoun. youmayvisltmeon
Satwdcy
ot Mondoy.
Eith* doyisfrnebyme Howeve',the
phrasestructurEither of + plural noun can be
followedbyeithera singular
or pluralverb.Eftlterth,rtis
.
fine.Eitfietof theshittsislorcfrne
Wecanusenot ... eithertofl instead
of neither(oD.
"i
sentence.
Eithercanbeused.at
theendof a negative
methimelther."
havenevermetHo y.' 'l hovenever

Another
. meansoddfttonal,
on extrcofie.lt 15usedwith srngrrlar
l giveyou
onotherglass
ofwater?
countable
nouns.Sholl
. alsomeans
I honestly
this,+hete.
don'twont
differentlbesides
tobuythisdress
in blackConyouthowmeanotheronel

Several
. is usedto referto an imprecise
numberof peopleor
thantwo.I haveto
thingsthat isnot largebut isgreater
.
writesgverclrepofts
tonight

None
groupsor th ngs
Noneof refersto tlvo o'rrore people,
lt is usedwith nounsor
andhasa negative
meaning.
or a
byeithera singular
objectpronouns
andisfollowed
Amercn.
is/ore
oluralverbl,lofieol thesind".ls

anybody
in theroom.)
of some,
Note:Weusea singular
verbwithcompounds
anyandno,There
is nothing
wecando.

Every/Each
tach andeveryareusedwith singular
countable
nouns.
We
normallyuseearh whenwe referto two peopleor thingl
andeverywhenwe referto threeor morepeople
or thinqs
9hewascarryingo glassin eachhond.Everyhousein thevilloge
hasa redfrontdoor

. Thepronouns
everyone,
everybody,
everything
andthe
adveb everywhere
areusedin affllma!.ive,
interrogatrve
and negalivesentences,
and arefollowedby a singuld/
verb.
. We normallyuseeverywhenr.ivg
419thrnkingof people
orthingstogether,
in a group,to meanall.
(= alltcqether).
Everypetson
in thercomwoitslkiDg
Wenorrnally
useeadrwhenwearethinking
of people
or
thingssepararely,
oneat a lime.
ShesrE.ke
toffih pefioninturn(=oneat a ti re).
happens
Weuseeveryto showhowoftensomething
Thebusleaves
everyhour.
Weuseeverybut noteachwlih wordsandexpressions
y, an
practically,
sudn a5 armcfl,
SUdN
almcst, neany.
nearly. prafirca
and without
exception,ln wintu,it snaws
almaslcveryday.

197

Grammar
Reference
Arabit)
languages{/taiion,
Japanese,
(chrcken
pox,moloa,tubercu[osis)
drseases
(rdiqJnowmdo
fatura phenornena
nounslluggage,
noney,furniture)
collectlve
certainothernounsla(ommodotion,
angetluck)

A few/FewA lrttle/Little
A few andfew areusedw th pluralcountable
nounsA little
andlittleafeusedwithuncountable
nouns.
. A few meansnolrndnybutenough.
Wehaveo fewhours
before
wemeetthem.Shalt
toeat?
weqoandgetsomething
Fewmeanshord/ya
noneat\dcanbe usedwith
ny,almost
were(very)fewpeople
onthe
very for emphasis.
There
platform.
is a little tea
A little meansnotmu(h,butenougk.There
left- wouldyoulikeanother p?
noneand can be used
Littfe meanshardlyany,1lmo\t
is(verylliatlebu\erleft.l'll
wiLhvery for erphasis Thele
gaondbuysome.
few/fewer/fewest
little/tess/ieast

Too/Enough
Too
. hsd negative
meaninglt showsthat something
IS
morethanenough.
necessary
or wanted.lt is usedIn
patterns:
thefollowing
+ to-infinitive.
a.. too + adjef,tive/adverb
Thewholesituatlon
iitoo goodtabeLtue!
b. too .,. for somebody/something.
fotme.
Thistkit it toosmaltr
c. too .,. for somebody/something
+ to-infinitive.
fhisnmposition
istoocamplifited
fotmetowrite.

A lot ofiLotsof - Much- Many

A lot of/lotsof areusedwith bothplural
coLrntable
and
UrrCountabfe
nouns.They are notmallyused in
affrmative
Theof isomttedwhena lot/lots
sentences.
arenot folfowedbva noun Werctherc
o lotllotsofDeo\le
ot thetifiemd?Yes.
therewerc[ots.

. Mu{h and many are usualyusedin negatveor

interrogative
sentences.
Muchrsusedw!thuncountab
e
nouns
andmanyis used
wth plural
countabe
nouns.
Thercorcn'tmdny peoplein theroom-Didyouspendm ch
timeon theproject!
How muchand how manyare usedin questions
and
negatians.

Enough
. hasa positive
meaningt showsthat threls asmuch
dsis wantedor needed.t is usedin the
of somethinq
patterns:
following
a. adjertive/adverb
+ enough+ to-jnfinitive
to lookafterhernlf.
Ireckon
sheisaldenough
+ enaugh+ .o-infinitiv
BUT nof + adjpdivdadverb
(negative
meoning)
tlnfaftunately,
he did not do wellenoughta passthe
ex6rn
b. enough+ noun+ to-infinitive
There's
enoughtifie to hondin yourprolects,
sadon't

Howmuch+ uncountable
noun i amount
Howmany+ countable
noun* number
Howmuchsugardoyoutake?
Howmanyratsdoesshehave?
Too much is usedwith uncountable
nouns lt hd5a

worry-

Unit2

negative
meannq andshowsthat thereis moreof
Present
andPresent
Continuous
Simnle
something
thanis wantedor needed.
I cauldn't
work,
becouse
thewarkmenwerc
making
toomu(hnoise.
for:
Weusethepresent
simple
Toomanyis usedwih pluralcountable
nouns.lt has
. facrsandpermanent
the samenegative
meanngas too much.ltwasvery
lrcnkworkosolawyer
states.
rowded.There
weretoomanypeop[ethere.
generaltruthsandlawsof nature.W\terfrcezes
nt\'C.
few(a) littlei
We usemany/much/some/any,host4a)
habitsand routines(with always,usually.etc) 5he
severallone/two,
etc + of followedby the/thaVthis/
goestothemarket
onMondays,
usuolly
(in the future) Histrarn
these/those
andthena nounwhentalkingabouta
tinretables
and programmes
specflc group.Someof thehouses
in myneighbourhood
afiivesat sixo'c[ocknextTuesdoy,
arevery
theap(.houses
in thatne[qhbourhood).
{ommentaries,
revewsandnarrations.
sporting
But:SomehouJei
arcverycheop
in general)andOwenscores.
{F'ouses
Beckhom
winstheball,crosses
I loveMascow.
feelrngs
andemotions.
lt\ a beoutifu!
dty.

- Uncountable
Countable
Nouns

. Countable
noun5drethosethat canbe tounted(one
bdx,trn/o
nounsafe thosethat
boxes,
etc).Uncountable
Cannotbe counted(wdte4
bredd,et(). Uncountable
nounstakea singular
vprbandarenotusedwitha/an.
Groups
of uncountable
nounsrncluoe:
. massnouns{dpple
juig, buftetsugat!
sub.iects
of study(ChemiswHistoty,
Maths)
sports(foorba4
rugby,
cri*etl

1 98

w usewiththe present
Thetimeexpressions
simpleare:
everydoytueeUmonh,/yeot
usually,
often,alwoys,
etc,in the
mor ninglofternoon
/evmi ng,atnighUtheweeken
d,on FrIddys,ett
(ontinuous
(to be+ verb-ing);
Weu5ethe present
. for actions
takingplateat or aroundthe momentof
.

speaking.Maryh dolngthewoshing
up.
tor Terporarysitudtions.Weare detorotingrheliving
rcomthisweek.

Grammar
Reference
for frxedanangements
in the nearfuture.['mgoingaut
wirhTonyrcnlght.
for currenlly
fheoir
changing
anddeveopingsituations.
is hecoming
moteondmarepolluted.
withadverbs
angeror irritation
suchasalwaysto express
at a repeated
bitinghernails,
action.sheisd/wayr

The time expressions

we use with the present
continuousarc:.noq 6t themamefttj
at prcsenL
these
days,
nawadays,
still,today,ton[ght,et.

Note:
. Theverbenjoycanbe usedrn continuous
tensesto
express
a specifcpreference.
ploying
preference)
Bil!reallyenjoys
iqudih,(general
BUf:He\ enjoyingthepaftj veryma(h.(spedficpruference)
. The verbs look (when we refer to somebody's
appearance),
feel(experience
hurt
a particular
ernotion),
and achecanbe usedln simpleor continLous
tenses
wrthno drfference
rflmeantng.
lfeelvery
happy.= I amfeelingveryhappy.

Statrve
Verbs

Adverbs
of Frequency

Stative
a statefathefthanan
verbsareverbswhichdescrrbe
action.
andsodo not usuav havea co t nuoustense.These
verbsare:
. verbsof the senses
(see,hear,smell,taste,feel,look,
really
hord.
sound,seem,appear,etc).Thematerialfeels
. verbsof perception
(know believe,understand,
realise,
is.
remember,
John
forget,etc)| knowwhere
(tike,love,
verbs
whichexpress
feelings
andemoticns
hate,enjoy,prefer.detest,desire,want, etc).Mary
enioys
swlmmng.
. so-neotherverbs(b,contain.include,belong,fit, need,
mafter,eo't, own, want, owe, weigh.wjsh, have,
keep,etc)lhotsh,rthebought
medoesn?frt
verywe.
Someof theseverbscanbe usedln continuous
tenses,
but
witha difference
in manino,

Theseincludealways,frequently.often. onre, twice,

somtimes,
never,usually,ever,hardly ever. rarely,

THINK

t ahinkhe's
a verygood
lawyer(= believei
uehasa Porsche.
(= own,possess
)

Weorcthinkingoboutmaving
(= are
nouS.

lomhaving
o grcdttimP
(= arnexpefiencing)
Heis hovinga shower
(- istaking)
Wearchovinglunch,

5EE
I conseethelighthouse
frcm /'nrseeingthedentittdt ten
(= it isvisible) otlock{= 3m mggl;xt1
myhouse
I seewhothemeans.
(= understand)
TASTE
ThecaketostesdPIidous.
(= it rs,hasthe flavourof)

gillis tastingthesoupta seeif it

istesting)
needs
moresolt.(=

SMELL
Thepastasmellsverygood.

(=hasthearomal

is smelling(heto!et.
'herssniffing)
(=

he\going,(=
seems
to)

placedbeforethe
Adverbs
of frequency
afe normElly
rnarnverb.HerarelywalkstowwkHehatdlyevergoesIo
meoDeto.
. Foweve',
adverbs
of freque-cy
areplaced
aftertlle verb
to be andafter auxiiaryverbs..ian?is oftenloteforwo*I havealwayswsntedto go ta Cracow.

Used
to/Beusedto/Getusedro
We useusedto + infinitiveto referto Dasthobits
ol
itdles.In suchcases.usedto canbe replacediry the
paifsimplew
th no difference
n meantng.
I usedto smoke
a lot.(ldan'tsfiokeanyfilrc.) | snokeda lol
whenI wosyounger
NoterWe useDastsimoleandNOTusedto for artions
whichhappened
at a defnitetimein thepast
lonPcalted
melastn'qfif. NOT;
we usebe usedto + noun/pronoun/-ing
form.
I dm not usedto loudnoise" I am notac stomedto laud
(prcsent)
noise.
Leois usedto wotkinghord.- Heis o\u\tomed to working
hard.(prcsent)

lwasusedto travelling
a lot.-l wato(ustomed
totrcvelling
a lot.(past)
we useget usedto + noun/pronoun/-ing
form
Maftis get nE uted to hir newhouse.
- Heis bercming
(prcsent)
accustomed
to hisnewhouse.
Ihodneverlivedin thenuntryside
butIquicklygatusedto it.
I bPadme
accustomed
to ir.(pojtj

He w[ soonget usedto commuting

by trcin, He will
be{ome
accuttomed
tocommuting
b/ truin.{futurc)

Unit3
Infinitive

APPEAR

Heappeorsto knowwhere

occasionally
etc.

l1els oppearingin o playm the

Rex(= isperforming)

FIT
Theshoes
fit hirnpetfectly, lomE fitting o newlockon the
(= isattaching)
(= arethe rightsize)
frontdaar-

Theto-infinitive
isused:
. to expreSs
purpose.ffeleftearlyto .J|r.htheI D'rladtoin.
. aftercertainverbs(agree,
appealdecide,
expect,hope,
plan. promise,refuse,etc). Theyexpectto storabuilding
nextMonday-

'19

Grammar
Reference
after would like, would prefer, would love, et( to
I woaldpreferto stnyin
xpre5sa specificpreference.
tonight.
. afteradestives
(hoppy
whichdescnbe
feelingdernotions
gfless{wi//rng.
sad,g!od,etc)
; expres willingnesVunwillin
eogcr,reluaanLetcJ;referto a person3characterfdvet
kind,etcJand t headjectives
luckyandfo rtunate.I wasvery
happyto hef/ thotBillqolpromoted.
t{ote: With adjectives
that referto characterwe can
Itwoskindofyouto
alsousean impersonal
construction.
let r,ne
knour
jfoout
' aftertoo/enough.lIiJtodcoldto
to talkaboutanunqxpected
event,usually
with only.I
finallya ivedot theaiprt ontryto find thatrnyflighthod
beencdncelledlt wasn'feosyto frnda
with it + be + adjectivey'noun.
newjob,
after be + firsvrecond/nexvlastetc. Hewai the rost
personto talktome.
afterverbsandexpressions
suchasask,learn,explain,
decide.find out,want,wantto knowetc,whenthey
horto
arelollowedby a questonword.Shee4plofned
u$ethemachineNote: why is followedby subject+ verb, NOT an
infinitive.I wonder
whysltt didn'tcome.
in the expressions
to tell you the truth, to b hoflest,
tdid
to sum up, to beginwith elL.Totetlyddtthgtuuah,
it onmyownNoterlf two to-infinitivesarelinkedby and or or, the
to of the secondinflnitivecanbe omitted.i wouldirketo
go ondsee{ormyself.
Theinfinitivewithout to is used:
aftermodalverbs.Bethcanphy thepisftowell.
after the verbslet, make,see, hear, and feel. Ihey
madehlmleavetheroom.BUTwe usethe to-infinitive
form).
aftsr b made,be heard,be seen,tc (passive
Hewasmadeto leayzthercom,
Note:Whensee,hearand watch arefollowedby an
*ingform, therpis no changein the passive.
Hetawme
rcadingthelenetlwossefi reodingthelettet
afterhadbetterandwould rather.lVefradbeftergoon
foot.
helpcanbe followedby eitheTthe to-infinitiveor the
infinitive without to- Shehetpdme(to) fix thedoor
handle.

-ingform
The-ing forrnis used:
asa noun.]loggingisgcodforyourheallh.
avoid,continue,
aftercertainverbs.admlt,appreciate,
deny.fancy.go (for activitiesi,
imagine,mind. miss,
quit, save,suggest,practise,consider,prevent.He
suggf5tedEoingout.
afterlove,llke, enjoy,prefer,dislike,hate to express
generalpreferenceJamieloveslistening
to rockmusic.
(wouldlike.Arvould
prefer/
BUT:for a speriflcpreference
wouldlove)we usea to-infinitive.

200

suchasbe busy,it's no use,it's (no)

afterexpressions
qood,it's (not)worth,whatbthe useof, can'thelp,
thre'sno point in, (an't stand,havedifficulty(in).
havetroubfe. ejs- fherc it no pointin ta/*;lnglo het:she
you,
won'tblieve
afterspend,wasteor lose(time,money,etc).Herpeht
o lotof moneyrcdetorutinghisflat.
to with verbsandexpressions
such
afterthe preposition
aslook forwardto, be usedto, in additionto, object
to. prefur idoingsthto sh ebe).Hep'c-le'svarding Tv
to llfrenifigtomusic,
Hewasrhinking
ol mouhghouseafterotherprepositions,
aftertheverbshear.listento, not;ce,see.watch,and
an incomplte
action.I lrca'dEilltalHng
felto des{ribe
folnn.{l onlyheardpartof theconversatton.)
BUTwe usethe infinitivewithoutto with hear,listen
thecomplete
to, notice,see,watch,andfelto describe
thewholestory.)
action.lhord8irltel,
theJtory.
{l heard

Differencein meaningbetweenthe to-infnitiveand

-ingform

Someverbscantakeeithertheto-infi itiveor the-ingfonn

witha change
in meaninE.
. forget+ to-infinative
= not remember
Hforgottoposf
theletters.
l?neverlo,ry,ett7,ayc
forget+ -ingform= notrecall.
around
Japan,
remember+ to infinitive = not forget. Didyou
runemherto lockthedoor?
seelngAnn
remember+ -ing form = recall.I .emember
ot lhe tnfttinq.

sorry,
I never
meant
mean+ to-infinitive= intendto. l'-'],
to h,trtyou fediftgs.
job,l'Hof@id
it
t lloseffiy
mean+ -ing form = involve.
willmesnmovhtl toa smalletflat
usedin the
regret+ to-infinitlve= besorryto (normally
presentsimplewith verbssuchassay,tell, inform)-We
rcgrctto info/fi Wuthat.youhavetailedWurexams.
about./ vggvsS
fe5ing
regret+ -ing form = {eelsorry
touchwithrnyoldsthoolfriends.
. try + to-infinitive= do one'sbest,attempt.SheEiEdto
tellyoubutyouwerentlistening.
asanexperiment.
l hy
try + -ingform = dosomething
don'tyoutry addingsdrneJdlt?
. stop+ to-infinitive= stoptmporarily
in orderto do
to hd'e lunch.
somethingelse lheystoPPed
l't/r//you
stop+ -ingform = fi ishdo ng something.
stoprcmplalnlngoll thetime?

- Statements
Reported
Speech

Reportedipee(h is the exactmeaninqof what somecne

said,but not the exactwords.We do not usequotation
marks.Thewordthat caneitherbe usedor omittedafterthe
etc).
tell,tuggest,
verb{sa)/,
introductory
sheraidatiaarsr|ervoutdn'tleayf-at 10o'clocl;

Grammar
Reference
Say- Tell
hewasvery
hungry
say+no personal
object.Hesoid
say+ to + personalobject.Hesaidto us(that)hewos
veryhungry.
tell + personaf
hungry.
objecl.Hetoldushewasvery
Expressions
usedwithsay,tell andask.

etc,something/
hello,goodmorning/afternoon
nothing,
so,a prayer,
a fewwords.nomore,for
certaidsure,
etc
thetruth,a ie,a story,a secret,a joke,the trme,the
somebody
one'sname,
diFference.
onefromanother,
so,someone's
somebody
theway,somebody
fortune,etc
tl-e
a queston,a favou,t\e pfl(p.aftersomebody,
etc
[ire, a'ound,fol someth'ng/somebody,

Reponed
Statements
pronounsand
In reportedspeerh,personallpossessrve
possessive
according
to the meaning
adjectives
change
ofthe sentence
Johnsaid,"!'mhavingt'].ynftepoitpd."

Johnsaid(that)he washovinghlscatrepoircd,
Wecanreportsomeone's
wordseithera ongtirneafter
theyweresaid(out-of-datereporting)of a shod time
aftertheyweresaid(up-to-date
reportinE).

Up-to-date
reporting
thesame
ln repoded
Thetenses
canerth*rchanqe
or rernain
speecn.
Directspeech: im soid,"l sti hwen't cdlledthem."
Reportedspeech; firn Jdidlthat) he ttill hasn'tlhodn't called
mefll,

Out-of-date
reporting
Theintroductory
and the tenses
verbis n the pastSirnple
change
asfollows:
Present
Simple+ PastSimple
"Myflightleaves
ot 3 o'clotk." llesoid(that)hisflightleftat3
o'clock.
PresentContinuous
- PastContinuous
"lomployingtennisthis
I Heso;d(that)hewosplayrng
ofternoen."
aftemoon.
I tennisthat
PresentPerfect- PastPerfect
(thot)hehadcleoned
'lhwe deaned
myraom." I Hesaid
hisroom,
PastSimple ' PastSimpleor Pa5tPerfect
'!poidtl2 forthevideo."

Hemid (that)hepaid/hadpaid
f.l2 forthevideo.

PastContinuous
or PastPerfect
- PastContinuous

Continuous

"lwasdvinqtoYork."

Hesaidthothewos
hodbeen
dtivingto

(will)- conditional
(would)
Future
"lwillte voutomorrow-" I Hesaidthothewouldtellme
i theneytdoy.
Certainwordsandtine expressions
changeaccording
to therneaning
asfoilows:
now
then,immedatey
today
thatday
yesterday
the daybefore,
theprevious
day
tornoftow + the nexVfcllowLng
day
thisweek
thatweek
the weekbeforethe previous
lastweek
wee(
nextrweek theweetdtler,Lhefollowngweek
490
before
here
' there

come

- Eo

+ lake
bring
Theverhtensesremainthe samen reoofred
soeech
whentheintroductory
verbis n the present,
futureor
presentperfect
Somhds(often)said,"Politicians
areallthesame.'
Samhos(often)said(that)politicianse al[thesome.
Theverbtensescaneitherchange
or femainthesame
in reported
speech
whenreportinq
a genfaltruth or
lawof nature.
Theteochs
said.'Crete
ls onisland."
Theteacher
soidltho Crete
ish asonislond.

Reported
Questions
questions
Reported
are usuallyintroduced
with lhe
verbsask,inquire,wonderor theexpression
wantto
Know.

Whenthe directquestlon
bEgintwith a queston word
(who, where, how, when, what, etc),the reported
guestion
is ntroduced
withthesamequestion
word.
,,tvhattimeis it,pleosel"
(directquestion)
queslion)
Heosked
mewhattimeit
wds,(reported
(be,
Whenthe dlrectqllestlon
begins
with an auxilian/?
do, have),or a modaverb(can,may,elc),thenlne
question
reported
isintroduced
w th if or whether.
"Aretherc
onyapplet
lefi?"(drrertquestion)
Heatkedmeifhvhether
lefl (reported
lherewercanyapples
question)
questions,
Inreported
thpverbs in theaffirmative.
The
question
markandword#express
onssr:chas please,
pronouns
well,oh. etc areomitted.
Theverbtenses,
andtimeexpressions
change
asinstaternents.
'(an you tellme whenthe ne.yfrrsinto Leed5is,pleasel"
questioni
{direct
Heasked
mewhenthenut tnin lo Leeds
waJ.(reported
question)

201

Referen
CE
Grammar
iErfitiE

Reported
Orders
Torepoftordersin reported
speech,
we uspthe Introduct0ry
verbs
orderor tell + sb+ (not)to - infin;tive.
(directordr)
"Haltl"
Heodercdthemtohait {reportedorder)
'stopd/9urngl"(drrectorder)
(reported
Shetoldurto itop drguing.
order)

Reported
Command
s/Req
l ests/
(r rnnpqf innc elr

instructions,
requests,
suggestions,
Toreportcommands,
etc,
we use a specialintroductoryverb followed by a to.
dependrng
infinitive.-ing form or that-clause,
on the
rntroductorv
verb.

!ll!/

+ -ing form
accuse
sbof

*admit(to)

*c laim

*demand

offer
*prorn
rse
refuse

*threaten

Heogrced
to lendme
tat.'
hisur.
'!'m workingon this.' Hetloimedto be
working
on it.
'lwanttoleave
now." Hedemanded
to leave

men.
'Wou[d
you kerYte
to helpme.
to Heoffered
helpyou?'
"lpromise
l'llrol[you. Hepromised
toffi mP.
to dothot.
"No,I won'tdothat.' Hercfused
"'toptalking
otI'llgive Hethrcatenpd
to give
youextrchomewo*." usextrchomework
i{
wedidn'tstoptalkng.

+sb+
to.infinitive
aovtSe
alow

meto tryto
'Youshouldtryto get Heodvised
getfit.
"You
Heallowed
meta
rcnwot(hN"

worch
N.
beg
command
ncourage

forbid
Invrte

order

207

"Fieose
staptolking." Heasl'cdmetostop
talkinq.
please,
meto help
"Please,
help Hebegged
him.
'Ceqse
Hercmtlondedthem
fire!"
to cease
frrc.
"Youshouldrcmewith Heencauruged
meto
ga withthem.
ut'
metaploy
"You
mnnotplayloud Hefarbode
music
[audmusicat
nighl.
at night-'
"Willyoutometo the Heinvitedmet0gato
theparty.
'Dropit!'
Heotdered
meto dtop

at.

*remrnd

"Don't
foryetrolork

'waIn

thedoor-"
"Be(otefulwithit."

Hereminded
meto
lockthedoot
Hewlmedmeto be
mrefulwithit.

she fo/dAnn
evPnJthing."
'Tes,I brckethevose

Heorcused
heroftelling
everyfhing
ta Ann.

Headmitted
to
breakinglhavinE
brckenthevase.
far
apologise
for ''l'msotry[ omlote-" Heapalogised
beingIote.
*boastabouv '\'mdftexcellent
cook. Heboasted
ofbeing
onexdellent
cook.
of
(to "lfeelverytired." Hercmpldned(tome)
"complain
sb)oflabout
of feelingverytired.
*deny
"llidn't stealthenrl" Heden[ed
stealingl
*insist
on
*suggest

+ to infinitive
youmy
aEree
\es,I'lllend

II@lEIilIiEEEIIEEIESi

hovingstolenthecar,

"lamgoingt0
take
yauout."
"Whydan'tweeat

Heinsisted
on toking
meout.
Hesuggested
eoting
togethqrtEmofiow!' |ogetherthenextdoy

+ that clause
explai!'l

informsb

"ltisfatterto goby
trujn,"

thdtit
Heexplained

"lou foiledthetest-"

Heinformed
methmI
hadfoiledthetett.

wasfoster
togaby
uan.

Theverbsmarked
w th an asterisk
canalsobefollowed
rn reported
speech.
Heclaimed
tharhe
by a that-clause
didn'thove
onvidea.

Note:to reportnegatlve
commands
andrequests
we usuall
usenot + to-infinitive.
Di|.ecl:.Mumsoid,"Dor't touahthesocketl''
Reported:Mumto,ldu.snot to tou(fi thesocket,

we use a mixtureof statements

ln conversation
When we turn thern into
commandsand qLlestions.
reportedspeech,we use and, as, adding that, and
but, $ince.et{. Wordssuch
he/sheaddedthat, beeause,
speech
asohl, oh dear,well,etcareomittedin reported
Direct: "Ohjlhofs a niceskitt,"Annsaidto me.'lt suitsyou
peieIly."
Reported:Annsaidthotit wosa fliceskhtandaddedth6tit
suitedne peiectly.

Un it4

Present
Perfect

Weusethe presentperfest(have+ pastpafticiple)for:

. an actionthat haDpened
at an unstated
tirne n the
past.Theemphasis
is on the action,the timewhen!t
or unknownI havewashed
the
occurredis unimportant
dishes.
Annhasbeehto Pofiugoltuvice.
. af actlonwhichstartedin the pastandcontinues
upto
the present,especialyw;th stativeverbs(iee above)

Grammar
Reference
suchas be,have,like,know,etc thaveknownBil[for
tenyedts,

. a recently
lettett.
completed
actionlhcvetypedthe
r personai
experiences
or changes.
sfieho$putor welghf.
Thetime expressions
we usewith the prosntperfect
are:fo4since,
already,
olwotrs,
iust,ever,neve[sofaEtaday.thit
still(innegations),
etc
weevmonth
eR,howlong,Iately,
rccently,

Present
Perfect
Continuous
(have+ been+ vert:
Weusethe oresent
oerfectcontinuors
-ing):
I to nut emohasis
on the durationof an actionwhich
up to thepresent.
Wp
started
in the pastandcontinues
hdve beenpinting thewalls6ll moffiing-

r for an actionwhichstartedin the pEstand lastedfor

or hasfinrshed
sometime.lt maystiI be continuing
already
wrththe resultvisiblein the present.
He3flred
bpcause
heht heenworkingsinrcl0 o'tlo&inthemaning.
. to express
Hehosheen
anger,lrritationor annoyance.
readingmynewsparyr
withoutoskingme.
. for repeatedadionsin the past continuingto the
presentHehdi loit welghtbecouse
he hosbeengoingto
thegymevery
deyafterwork
Thetime expressions
we u5ewith the prsentperfect
manth
continuousase:for,since,
howlang,allday,lmorningl
etc,[ately,
rc@ntly
Note:withthe verbslive.work.teachandfeelwe cdnuse
perfectcontinuous
perfector the present
the present
with
no differencein meaning.1hehaslivedlhasbeenlivlngin
Denvet
fot thelofi rcnyeots.

Unit5
Ad.lectives
Adiectives
nouns,go beforenounsand have
descrlbe
the sameformin the sngularand plurala hugetreel
hugetrces
Adjectrves
canalsobe usedaloneafterthe verbsbe,
[ook, smell, sound. feel. taste, seem, appear,
gdod.
become,get. stay,etc.FleBhdndsorn
e.ltsmells
Thereare two kindsof adjectives:
opinion adiertives
(interctting,
fantostic)
whichshowwhat a personthinks
andfactadjectivesfol4fai
of somebody
or something,
aboutsize.age.
ihortJwhichgiveusfactualinformation
colour,orlgin,
material,
etc.
whichareformed
adjectives
Therearealsocompound
with:
a) presentparticiples:
longJasttng
iourney
cal
bi pastparticiples:
brcken-dawfl
c) carfin6lnumbers
+ nauns:othee-daytrip
NOT:d+hreeffi
people
wellinfarmed
d) wel , badly+ pastparticiple:

Orderof adjectives
go beforefactadjertives.
Opinionadjectives
gil
a beoutifullta]ion
When there are two or more fact adjectives
in a
qo in thefollowng order:
sentence,
theyusually
. usd
size- ag- shape- colour- origin- mEterial
for,/be
about- noun
a smoll,
old,square,
Chinese
tali/e
Wedo notusualy havea longlistof adlectives
beforea
s nglenoun.A nolrnrsusr-tally
descnbed
by one,two or
threeddjectives
at themo!t.

Adverbs
. Adverbsusuallydescribeverbs.adject
ves, other
adverDS
0t Sentences.
+ An adverbcanbe oneword {quict/y)
or a phrasefn the
afternoon).
Adverbscan describe
manner(how).place
(where),
(howoften),degree
time (whpn),frequency
(towhatextent),
eic
Formation
of adverbs
a. We usuallyform an adverbby adding-ly to the
adiective.
extrerne-extremely
EUT etderly,cowardly,frlendly,tikely,deodly,livety,sitly,
ugly,lovely,etc are adjectivesWe use the words
way/mannerto form theiradverbs.
Bobhodbeenven/
friendly tome.Hegreeledusin a ftiendlyway/manner.
b. Adjectives
endingin le dropthe e andtake-y.
ply
simple-sitr
c. AdjeGives
endng inconsonant
+ y dropthey andtake
-ily luckyluckly
g in J take-ly.actualactually
d. Adjectives
endin
.

Theadverbrloud(ly).cheap(ly),
quick(ly),
tight(ly),fair(ly),
andslow{ly)
areoftenusedwrthout-ly.She
speals
loud
Someadvpfbs
havethesameformasadlectlves
suchas

hard,fast,free,high,low deep,early,late,long,
near,straiEht,right, wrong.Also hourly,daily,
weekly,monthlyandyearly.
jso fastrunner(odiedwe)
Heruntfdst.{odverb)/He
The adverbsbelow havetwo fotms.ea.h with a
drfferent meanng: They buried the treosue deep
(= a longwaydown)
underground.
(= vey)
Heisdeeplydeprcssed.
Thedub membe$can usethe saunafrce,(= without
paymenti
Hewosstrollingin thecanidorsof the emba*yfreely.l=
withoutimitor restrict
on)
Heput thecaokiestoo high for thechildrento redrh.(= auto

a highleve)
(= verymuch)
Thefilmishighlyrecommended.
(- noteafly)
She
returned
homeiatein theevening
madegrcdtptogresJ
She'!
lf,felf.(= rerently)
Which
of thesethreeshirts
dayoulikemostl(= superlative
of mrch)
Shewastrytngto explain
to him thotshe'smosllyinrcrcsted
(= marny)
in d,/dmd.
Myhouse
isnearwork(= close)

203

Grammar
Reference
Theoccused
nearlycallapsed
whenheheardtheverdi. {=
almost)
prettywell(= rather)
Shetppaks
Frcnth
Marywosprcatilydtertedfot thepotty.l.=i1 a prertywey)
Hehasbeenrtudying
hardfortheexans.
l= wttha lot of effo )
(= atmostno one)
Hadlyanyone
didwellntheexams.
Note:hdrdiyha5a negativemeaningand is oftenused
andever,
with:any,anything,
anywhere
anyone

adjectives
endnEin -ly,-y,-w, we
w th two-syllable

.
orderof adverbs
. Adverbs
usualy go afterverbsbut beforeadjectrves,
otheradverbs
andoarticiDles
(manner)
Hewa/ks
s/owly.
(degree)
Thefilmwasobsolurry
dmusmg.
. Sometrmes
go beforethe mainverb,eg the
adverbs
(often,a ways.etc.)
adverbs
of frequenry
Heoftenploystennisot weekendt.

. Whenthereare two or moreadverbsin lhe same

sentence,
they usuallycomein the folowinqorder:
manner-p[ace-time
Thelittle{hild wosployinghapptlyin the gaden all day
yesterday.
. lf thereis a verbof movement
(qo,come,leave.
etc)in
the senten(.
thenthe adverbs
comein the following
order:pla(e- manner- time
Johnwent to schoolon footthi' ]'ror,ling.
Advebsof placeand timecango at the end of the
5enrence
l'llgo shopp[ng
tomorrcw.(time)

Comparisons
As/ Like
We uselike:

. withnounVpronouns/-ing
simlartty
formto express
(Heisn'taseftont.)
Shetrcots
himlikea servant.
.

wth feel, look, smell.taste.5he,ootJlikehersiile'l

We LSeas to saywhatsomebody
or someth
ng reallyis.He
wotksdsa watrct,

andSuperlatives
Comparatives
onepersonor thing
We usethe comparative
to rornpare
to compareone
wth anotherWe use the superlative
per5on
or thingwith morethanonepersonor thingof the
andthe
sameqroup,Weoftenusethanaftera cornparative
beforea superlative
Heisoldetthonme.He'stheoldestpe'son
tfi ne loom

fromadjectives
Formation
of comparatives
andsuperlatives
andadverbs:
. withr:nesylable
we add{e)r to formthe
adjectives,
comparative
and-(e)stto formthesuperlative.
c/osedoser f/oJest
in a vowel+ a
Note:fDronesylLable
enciing
adjecrives
consonent.
we dor.rb
e theconsonant
big-bigger-biggest

204

alscadd-er / -est.nsffow neffower- noftowest

Note; for adjertves endng In a consonant+ y, we
.eplacethe -y with an -i. tiny- tinier-tiniest
e edjctives
or adjectrves
with
with othertwo-syllab
comparatives
andsuperlatives
morethantwo syllables,
areformedwith more/most.
intelligent
- moreintelligentmostintelllgent
wrth adverbsthat have the same form as their
we add-er/-esthotd- hafiet- hadest
adiectives,
adverbs
takemore/most.
two'svlablegr cornooufld
slowly- mores[owly- mastslowly
Note: clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle,
pleasant,polite,shallow,simple,stupid,quiet tan
and superativesether with
fcrm ther comparatives
-erl-estor with more/most
forrns:
lrregular
good- better- best/ bad- worse worst/
much- rnore- most/ little- less- least/
her- farthesVf
urthest,/
far- farther/fuft
- more rnost
many/lots

Typesof comparisons:
. as+ adjective
+ as(1oshowthattwo peope or things
sentences
we use
in someway)In negative
aresirnilar
at thatane.
noi as/so... as.Thiscatisot expensive
r lesJ + adjective+ than (expresses
the difference
Theopposite
is more.,.
two peopleor things)
between
than AnniJlessrirh thanhersiste|
. the least+ adjective+ oflin (compares
one personor
thingto two or fnorepeoplor thingsin the same
group)Theopposite
isthe most...of/in shelJtheredst
in thecompany.
hardwo*lng person
much/alot/far/atittle/abiVsliqhtly+ comparative
(expresses
the degreeof d lferencebetweentwo
youfigetthan8,ob,
peopleor things)Ionyiss/i.ghtly
(t0 showthat something
andcomparative
comparative
lt getsdder andcolderevery
or decreasing)
is increasing
doy.
(shows
.--, the + cdmparative
that
the + comparative
or thatonethingdepends
two thingsrhangetogether,
cn anotherthing).Thentorcyoutalk,therrjtheylisfen,
(emphasises
the difference
by far + the + superlative
betweenonepersonoI th ng andtwo or morepeople
gloup).LdsfJummer
wasbyfat the
or thingsin thesarne
I evethad.
besa
summet

Present/Past
Participles

to describe
ltwas't
something.
We usepresentparti{iples
wasthemeeting?
Boring.i
borlngmeeting.lHcw
to sayhow someone
felt. Wewere
We usepastparticiples
bored(Howdidwe feel?Bored.)

Reference
Grammar
Uni t6

Ability/Permission

r i Iu ty/Necess'ty
Obligat.o

Can; expresses
abiity in the presentHecanp/ayfootbail
Coufd: expresses
abilityin the past.t rouldwo* until]ate

to dosthor thatsth
Must:Expresses
duty,strongoblgat;on
hes
!s essential.
We genra
ly usemr.lstwhenthe speaker
lmustpoytherenttoddy.
decidedthat sth is necpssary.

whenI wASyoungeL

We usually
Haveto: Expresses
strongne{essity/obligation.
has
usehaveto whe somebody
otherthan the speaker
sddwehaveto sign
fhe lawyet
decidedthat sth is necessary.
thepapets
uryeny.
inquestions.
meanings
Note:Mustandhaveto havedifferent
forme...1)MustI
nowl(lsit necessary
DoI hayeto washthedishes
thatr...?)
washthedishes
nowl(Dovouinsist

These
duty,weakobligatjon.
Should/Oughtto: Expresses
buya newnr
to, Weshould
arelessernphatic
thanmust/have
JOOn-

Need: t is ncessary
to. lleedI askinwriting?
or asa mainverb
Note:Needcanbe usedasa rnodalverLr
(DaI
with no changein meaninq.Needlfinishtheetsaytaday?
needrofinishtheessay
taday?)

Absence
of necessity
Needn't/Don't
have to/Don't need to + present
to dosth(inthepresenvtuture).
infinitive:lt isn'tnecessary
- lwilldoit.
Youdon'tfleedtoirontheclothes

Prohibitlon

to ask
...?:we usethest'Lfiu'es
Can/Could/May/Might
permission
to do somethlnq.
Couldandfiay aremorepoite
thancan.Mightisfornal.
Canlgo oltl ( nformal)
(formal)
Couldl&oylMightyouhelpmewiththisessay?

Unit7
Past
5imple
Weusethepastsirnple:
. foranactionthatoccuned
or
time(stated
at a definite
yesterday.
implied)in the pas!.Hepoitedtheinvitatiant
. for artionsthat happenedmmediateyaiter one
d thedoarandheadedfor
anotherrnthp Dast.Sherocke
hetcat
. ior hab;tsoi stateswhicharenow finished.
MISrnith
younger
workedasa gardener
whenhewas
NoterUsedto canalsobe usedinsteadof th-. past
simpe for habitvrepeated
actions
in thpast.
Thetime expressions
we usewith the pastsimplearer
yesteday,
then,when,Howlong ago ...1,lastnightlweel</
etcago,in
rnonth/yeor/Friday/A4obet
etc,thAe doys,4r,eeks
1999
et(

to do sth;it is againslthe
Mustn'Vcan'ti
It rs forbidden
youarenot allowed
rule#law;
to do sth Youmustn't/can't
sm6ke
in haspitols.

Loqical
Assumptions/Deductions
thatstr]ist'ue
Must:Surdcertalpositive
andexpresses
sentences
Mustisusedin affirmative
soyoumustbetircd!
allday,
ogicalbeliefsYou've
beenworking
Can'Vcouldn't:certarn
thatsthisnottlue/real.
and express
can't and couldn'tare usedin negations
negativelogicalassumptrons.
Thatcan'lbeBill,shcehesarwork.

ity
Posslbi
poss
bility,sth t 5
Can + Fresentinfinitive:General
situatio. Fol
possible.
theoreti(ally
l\ot usedfor a speclfic
yautan haveopplepieot ice(eam.
dessert
e/
+ presentinfinitive:lt ls possib
Could/May/Might
In a specifit
lkely,perhaps.
Usedto showsth is possible
oneday.
situationyouihouldkeepthis ng,it maybevaluable
BUTNOT
in questions
Note:we canusecan/could/might
workonthis?
may.Doyouthinkthotyoucanlcouldlmight

Past
Continuous
usethe partaontnuous:
when anothef
for n actionwhichwas in progress
artroninterrupted
t. We usethe pastroftinuousfor
(thelongeraction),
the actionin progress
andthe past
it (shorter
simpe for the actionwhich interrupted
torain.
action).F.&wereswimmingwhenit stafted
for two or moresimLrltaneous
actionsin the past Bill
wdswstflhittgW in thelivingroomwhileTonywashavingo
shower"
at a statedtirneIn
for an actionwhlchwasin progress
!'Jhenthe actionstartedor
the past.We don't frrention
flnished,4r8 ot/o{kyaterday I washavingdiftnetwithMoIk.
. to describe
the atrnosphere,
settingetc and 10 give
informatron
to a story.Thebids were
background
singingond thp sunwas shiningas we werewalking
towadsthecdbin.
forms n a
Note: Whenthere are two Dastcontinuous
sentence
w th the samesubject.
we canavordrepettion by
just usng the presertparticiple
(-ingform)andleaving
oLt
a tune.=
the verbto be.Hewasridinghisbike;hewaswhistling
flp ran5aginghi9Sike,w\tsthngatunr.

205

Grammar
Refere
nce
Thetimeexotessions
we usewith the oastcontinuou5
are:while,when,as,allmorning/eveni
nq/doy,4+,ee
k erc

PastPerfect
(had+ pastparticiple):
We usethe FastperJecr
. for an actionwhichhappened
beforanotherpas[
actionor beforea statedtime in the Dast Annhdd
linishedcooking
byirxo'clock
for an actionwhlchfinishedn the past,andwhose
resultwasvsibleat a laterpointin the past.Hehod
brokenhislega monthagoand
hestillcauldn't
wolkprapey.
I fora generalsituaton inthe pasl.Everything
had seemed
notma[dl fttst,

Thetimeexpressions
we usewith th paEtperfectare:
just,for,sinte,till/unti[,when,W thetime,
before,
after,oheady,

Didn'tneedto/Didn'thaveto + infinitive: it wasnot

necessary
t{r do sth An actiondid not happenin the past
because
we knewthenthat t wasnot necessary.
Youdidnt
needtopoythebill.(ltwasn'tfecessary,
soyoudidn'tpayrr)

Possibility
+ perfect infinitive:rth was
Could/Might/Would

possb e. bul tt drdnol happen.yesferday

youweredrivinghke
(butluckilvvoudidn't)
mod!Yau
$uld hovehadanorctdent

Criticism

Could/Should/MighUOnght
to + perfectinfinitive:it
woud havebeenbetterif youhao. Youshouldhaveasked
forrnyhelplbutyoudidn't).

Obligatron

neveletf

aboutanactionin
Must + perfectinfinitive:assurnption

Past
Perfect
Continuous
We usethepastperfe{tcontinuous:
I to put emphasis
on the durationof an accionwhich
startedandfnrshedin the past,beforanotheraction
or statedtimeIn the past.usually
with for or since.He
had bem walkingforoboutsn hourbefore
hereached
his
destinotion.
for an actionwhrchlastedfor sometimein thepastand
w\ose .esultwas vi5'blein thP past Hp hod been
polntingondhistlothes
in paint.
wetecovered
The time expressions
we use with the past perfect
continuousare:fol since,how
long,before,
untiletc
Timeexptessions
io talkabaLtthe past:
(= backin timefromnow)is usedwith the past
490
simple.I dJdtheironing
dboutanhov aga,
pointin the past)is usedw th
Jin{e (= froma starting
t\e p'esertpe,fect(smpled1d Lontnuous)
t
havent
seenBillsinte
hemaved
to Rane.
(= overa perioci
for
of time)is usedwiththepresent
perfect (simpleand contifuous).They've
been
listening
to CDs
fat hours.

(to show
alreadyjs usedin statements
andquestions
to Ann.Haveyou
surprise).
I haveaheady
spoken
yet

doneyourhomewo*aheody!
perfectin questonsand
is usedwith the present
youressoy
yet?[ haven't
negations.Have
you finished
finished
yet.
rooking

Absence
of necessity
Needn't+ bare perfectinfinitive:it wa! not necessary
haveinfotmed
to dosth.but rt wasdone.fsuneedn't
MrJones.
t hadoheody
done
so.(ltwasnotneressary
butyoudidit.)

206

the past.fouflust haveaheadyfinishedthese

exetciset.

togical
Assumptions
Musvcan't + perfect infinitive:positive(must) and
nFqa-r{e
{(an't)ogicalassumptions
aboutthe pact
yourleg!You
cant hovefiudtedhard
Youmusthavebroken

UnitI

ThePassive

wth theverbto be n the appropriat

Weformthe passive
tense
of themalnverbOnlytransiti
andthepastparticipte
verbs(verbs
canbeusedin the passrve
whichtakeanobjec()
(livedoes
form.)
nothavea passive
We usethe oassive

. whenthe personor peoplewho do the acrionare

or obvrous
fromthe context
unknown.
unmFortant
(Wedon't knowwho stoleit.) Ihe
Eil[Jrct wasstolen.
( t's unimportant
afficeisbeingredecordted.
who is doing
it.\ Theburylorhasbeenarrested.
{lt's obviousthat the
oolicearrested
him)
when the artron tself rs mo(e moortantthan the
person/people
who do it, as in news headllnes
arlicles,formal notices,advertisernen
newspaper
processes
eL. Thewedding
instructions,
#rcmonywil.lbe
1Sth.
heldonQctober
whpn we want to avoidtakinqresponsibility
for
action,or whenwe referto an unpleasant
eventa n o
we do not want to saywho or whatis to blame.
len
in theaccident.
passenges
werckilled

Changng frorr Ll'eactiveto the pdssve:

. the objectof the activeseftencebecomes
the subject
sentence
in theoassive

Grammar
Reference
theartiveverbremains
tn thesametensebut chanqes
intoa passive
form
. thesubjectof the a-rivesentence
beromes
theagent,
with the preposition
and is eitherintroduced
by or is
om|ITe0.
ACTIVE

Subiect
Thetypist

Verb
wastypng

Subject

Verb
wasbeingtyped

PAS5IVE Th-"report

objct
thereport.

Agent
bythetypist.

Causative
Form
we usehave+ objert+ pastparticipleto saythatwe
for us.
havearranged
for someone
to do somethinE
hasa passive
meaning.
Jacktehadher
Thepastparticiple
fioirdyed(Shedidn'tdyeit herself.)
and negations
of the verbhaveareformed
Questlons
with do/does(present
Ord
simple)
or did (pastsimple).
youhdveyourhoit(uyenerday!
We atsousehavesomethingdoneto ialk aboutan
unpleasant
expefience
thdt somebody
had.ldsrnighr
Neilhadhiscatstolen(= Hiscarwasstolen.)
We canusethe verbget nsteadof havein nformal
conversation.
I'mgoingtogeta npwlorkfitted.
Note:the wordorderis veryimporlant.
Tonyhad his
bikerepaired
andTonyhadrepaired
hisbikehavevery
differenimeanings
tnthe firstcase,
for
Tonyarranged
someone
elseto do the repairs,
whereas
in thEsecond
hecarned
case
outtherepairs
h mself.

thattakeanobject)canbe
Onlytransrtive
verbs(verbs
changedinto the passive.Active: Billlivesin a flat.
(intnntitiveveh)
no passiveform:
seem,Iit, suit,
Notet sometransitve verbs(have,exlst,
ruemble,lock,elc)cannotbe changedInto the passMe_
,4oyhord BMWNOT:
of theverbto be in
we canusetheverbto get instead
everyday
speechwhen we talk about thingsthat
happenby accident
or unexpectedly
l'legol injwedwhe
Present
Simple Shewosfres
5hehasthedishes
(instead
playingsquash.
hewas
afHewas
injured...)
dishes.
wd/shed,
aut
By+ the agentis usedto saywho or whatcarries
Present
is wqshingthe Sheis hevingthe
is
an actror.With + instrument/materiaL,/ingredient
Contlnuous
dirhes.
'he
dishes
washed.
usedto saywhat ihe aqentLrsedThecakewoimadeby
PastSimple
washed
the
shefi4dthed6hpr
fromthegaden.
Lyn.lt wasnadewithfteshsttowberries
'he
dishes,
washed
is tieyhe,
Theagentcanbe omrttedwhenthesubject
Past
ContinuousShewaswashing 5hewdshcvingthe
peaple,one, etc. somebody
someonelsomebodjt,
haJ
thedishes.
disheswashed.
=Theolants
watered
hovebeenworcred.
theDlants.
Future
Simpe
The agentis not omiftedwhen it s a Speclfic
or
will washthe Shewill hovethe
di5hes,
'he
disheswashed.
pefson,
to themeaning
impoftant
orwhenit isessential
diedpdbyGppola.
of the serterce.Theflmwos
Future
Shewillbe
washing Shewill be hoving
suchasbridg,
IontinuoLs
thedishes.
thedisheswashed,
Withverbswhichcantaketwo objects.
tell,send,showteoch,promise,
buy,sell,read,offerqive,lend,
Present
Perfect shehaswashed Shehas hodthe
sentences.
efcwe canforrntwo differentpassrve
Ihedijher.
dishes
woshed,
Bbbgavethe
wrceltone.(a i\/e)
PresentPerfeat I Shehasbeen
shhdsbeen
moreusual)
lwasgiventheparcelby
Bab.(passive,
Continuous
havingthedishes
I washingthe
[rsud/)
TheparcelwasgiventomebyBob.lpossive.leJs
dlsh"t.
washed.
folowsa verb,
lf in an activesentence
a preposilion
PastPerfect
Shehadwashed Shehadhrd the
t is placedirnmediately
afterthe
then in the passive
thedlJhes,
dishes
washFd.
stungon theleg
verb A beesfungAnnon theleq.Annwas
Pafi Perfect
Shehodbeen ihehadbeen
bya bee.
wsshingthe
havingthedishes
Continuous
bylhe
Theverbshear,help,seeandmakeerefollowed
dishes.
washed.
bareinfinitive
in the active,but by the to-infinitrve
in
lnfinitive
She
shauld
wash \he should
havethe
the passive.
Shemcdernecleofimyrcom.I wasfidde to
thedrshes.
dishes
washed.
cleonmvraam
-rngform
ltt wotthwashing tt\ wotthhaving
Let bcomes
be allowedto in the passivefheteo(her
fhedirhes.
thedisheswoshed,
ploy in theplaygraund.
Thehildrcn werc
let he chi[dren
allowedtoplayin theplaygrountl,
we followthe same
To askqLestions
in the passive"
Unit9
fulesasfof statements,
keeping
in mindthattheverbs
form.Havetheyanswered
thelener
n the interrogative
(bythem)
yet?
yetl Hosthelelterbeenanswered
Future
Simple
an
Whenwe wantto'rrd o;t wnoor wf'al performed
questEnformisWhonffhat... by?
action,the passive
(will+ bareinfinlt]ve)
Weuspthefuturesimple
fo|
Whowastheflm directed
by?
. decisions
rnadeat the mon'rent
It\cold.
nl
of soeakino.
close
thewindow

201

Refere
Grammar
nce
predictions
aboutthe future,bssedon whatwe think,
believeor rmagine.
usingthe verbsthink, believe,
e;tpect,
besure,beafraid,etc;and
etc;theexpressions
tl-eaove'bsprobably,
etc Hew.7l
certainly.perhaps,
probablytellyoulatel
prom|SesJ
requests,
hopes
threats,
warnings,
andoffers.
Wiltyouhelpne tdy therooml
ict ons,events,
happen
stuatlons
whichwi I deflnitely
in the futureand whichwe can'tcontro Babwillbe
thittyyearc
oldinMoy.

Begolngro

whentalkingaboutthe future:
Timeclauses
Whenwe usewordsand expressions
suchas while,
onte"as
before,after,until/till,as,when,whenever.
tin're
soonas.as longas,by the time,etcto introduce
simpleor presentperfect,
clauses,
we usethe present
NoTfutureforms.
Bythetimewegetthercthefilmwillhaveended.
(iof SfiHinetA(e{gj+rt+rts#e,.J
Wea sousethepresentsimpleandpresentperfect,NOT
futureforms,afterwordsandexpressions
suchasunlss,
ancase,elc T1ke
d ro[neatifi cdse
il suppose/$upposing,
it rcInsIate| (NOT...Mt{#irr+dttHrtrJ

We usebe goiflgto:

. for pans,intentions
for the future.Het
or ambitions
goingto bea lowyerwhenhe finishes
univenity.

. art ons we havealreadydecidedto do in the near

inSpain,
future.Steve
isgoingto spend
hisholidays
. predictionr
basedon what we can seeor what we
\^rhen
know,especially
thatsomethinq
therersevidence
goingtoruin.
will happen.Laok
at theda* clouds,lt's
Thetime expressions
we usewith the fututesimpleand
he qoinqto are: tomoffol4thedayaftetlomo ow tonight,
soon,nextweeumenrhr\eor/summet
etc,ino weekJmonth
etc

Future
Continuous
(willbe+ verb-ing):
We usethefu{urecontinuou5
. for actions
at a statedfuture
whlchw ll be in pfogress
tlme IhlJtimenextmonth,
l'llbe lyinganthebeach
. for dctions
happen
in the futureas
whichwilidefiniteiy
the resultof a routineor arrangement.
Wewi be
visitlngtheSmiths
ot theweekend.
. whenwe askpolitelyaboutsomeone's
plansfor the
nearfuture.Willyoubefinishingthereport
soon?

FuturePeriect
. We usethe futtireperfect(will have+ pastpartirle)
for actions
that will havefinshedbeforea statedtime
ln the future. Wewill havemovedhousebv theendof
June.

Thetime expressions
we usewith the futurepeffect
are:befare,
by,bythen,bythetine,untilltill(onlyin negative
Jefitencs)

Weusefutureformswith:
. when,whenit is usedasa questonword Whenwill
yoube gping skii4g?

. iflwhether after expresions

whichshowuncertainty
ignorance
etc,suchasldon't know,ldoubt,lwonder,
hewiltWsshisuams.
l'm not sure,etc.Idon'tknowwhgth/,

Type
0i1Conditionals
Type0 conditionals
ereusedto express
a general
truthor a
we canusewhen
scentiflc
iact.In thistvpeof conditional
instead
of if.
lf^flhen+ presentsimple -'

present
simple

youmixblatkondwhitepaint,yougetgrcy.
tflWhen

Type1 conditionals
are used to expressa reat or very
probab
in the Present
or future.
e situation

lf + pfesent
simple

futuresimple.
imperativ,
can/
musumay
etc+ bareinfinitive

If !flnishworkearlytoniqht,I will/miEhtlel(goautwithTony.

comesbeforethe maindause,we
Whenthe hypothesis
Whnthe mainclause
separate
themwitha comma.
comes
beforethe if clause,then we do not use a comma10
separate
them
Note: with type 1 .ondtionalswe can use unless+
verb).I willnatbeableto come
affirmativeverb(= if + negatlve
unlessBillglves
fieaiift.(= lf Bllldoesnot givemea lifi, ..)

[.-rture
Per
fectCottinuous
(willhavebeen
Weusethefutureperfectcontinuous
+ verb-ing)to emphasise
theduration
of anacton up
to a certainlime i[ the futureThe futureperfect
continuoLls
ofMay,Jahn
susedwith:by...
for.8ytheend
willhnvebeenworking
here
fortenyears.

208

lype2 andI Corditionals

TyFe2 (unrealpresent)
areused1oexpres
Conditionals
whicharecontrary
irnaglnary
situations
to factsin the
areunlikely
present,
andtherefore
to happenin the
present
or thefuture.Wecanuseeitherwa5or were
Wecanalsousethe
for L he.she,it. in the if-cause.
lf lwereyou. . to giveadvrce
strufture

Grammar
Reference
Note;
lF+ pastsimple/past_ would/could/miqht
+ present
bareinfinitive
continuous
ff t futwhowtodoit,lwauldhelp.
lf 8i1lwaswo*lng today,wewouldseehim.
lf I wercvou.Iwouldtellhetthetruth.
Conditionals
Type3 {unrealpast)areusedto express
to factsin the
magrnary
situations
whicharecontrary
past.Theyarealsousedto express
reErets
or critlcism
lf + pastFerfuct/past
perfct(ontinuous-

would./could/might
+ perfect
bareinflnitive

ll theyhod askedme,I wouldhavehelped,

lf I hedn'tbeenworkingtoday,we would hovegoneto the
beIch,

Mixed
Conditionals
rfthecontextpermits
Wecanformmixedcondrtionals.
it, by
from one typewith a matn flause
combining
an if-clause
fromanother,

ffheccmebacklatelastnight, hewon'tbeofi tifie forwo*

tfyouwerepohra
Type3
lf hehadn't nissedthPbus,

Typef
youwouldn'thavetolkedto
himll,tethdt
Type2
hewoutdbeherenaw.

Wishes
a wish.
Wecanusewish/if onlyto express

+ pastsimple/

b soythotwewould
IwishI woson
pastcontinuous holiday
now.(but hkesomething
tobe
different
abouta
I'm not)If onlyI
wercgoingwith pftsentSttwtton
(butI'mftot)
them,
rcgrctabout
+ past prffft
I vith I hd,dpossed lo exptess
(butI
something
which
theea6nts,
horyened
ardidn't
didn't)
in theWst
lf onlyshehodn't haryen
liedtome.(but
shedidJ

lwishyouwouldto exptest:
, a polite
impetative.
would + bareinf. stoqtolking"
. adesire
foro
lf anlyft would
situotion pe6on's
stopsnowtng,
behaviour
to
cnange

lf only is usedin exactlythe sameway aswish

but it is moreemphati(
or moredramat
c.
we canusewere insteadof wasafterwishand
if only.lwishIwerelwas
onholidav
now.

TheUnrealPast
TheFastsimplecanbe usedto referto the presentwhen
we talk aboutimaginary,
or impossible
situations
unTeal
to factsin thepresent.
whicharecontrary
Thepastperfect
ranbe.rsed
to referto rmagrnary,
unreal
or
impossible
situations
whrcharecoatrary
to factsin thepastTheoastsimoleisusedwlth:
. type 2 Conditionals r hehqd money,
hewouldmove
houre
. suppose/supposing
heliedtoyou,
-.Supposefiupposing
whatwouldyoudo?
. wish/if only- / wishflfonyIhrdmorcsr4,ce.
would rather(present)- /'drdtheryou
leftnow
as iflas though - Ronaboctsasiflas thoughhe owned
theDIa&.

. itl (abouVh
igh)time- fi'r (dboutlrrlghl
tlmeyouwent
tobed.
TheDastoerfectisusedwith:
. type 3 Conditionats
- ff hehaln't b+enso rude,he
wouldn'thovebee
n Dunished.
. suppose/supposing
- Suppose6upposlngyou
hadheen
inoposition
tohelp,wouldyouhavedoneso?
r wish/if only- I with/ffonlyI hddntlled. woufd rathef (past)- I'd rutheryou hdd not told the
truth.
. as iflasthough - Hespoke
abautStrautr
osthough/as
if
hehadbeena oersanalfrlend.

HadBetter/WouldRather
Hadbetter(= it wouldbegoodto) isusedto gi\strongor
urgentadvce.Hadbettercannotbeusedinthepastor the
comoaratMe.
. hadbetter+ bareinfinitive immediate
future
Vouhadbetterdskfothelo"
preference.
Would rather (= would preferio) expresses
Whenthesublectof wouldratherisalsothesub;ect
of the
following
vefb,we usethefo owinqeonstructionsr
. wouldrEther+ Fresent
* presenVfuture.
bareinfinitive
I'drdthertellyaunow.
. wouldrather+ perfectbareinfinitive I past
I wentoutlastnightbutl'd mtherhive stayedin.
. wouldrather+ bareinfinitive+ than+ bareinfinitive
Since
itksuch
a beoutiful
dayI'd rothergoto thep1rkthan
watchTl.
Whenthe subjectof would rather is differentfrom the
sublectof the followlngverb. we use the following
construLtionr:
. wouldrather+ pasttense present/future
l'd rotherAnnwo*ed withyot.
e wouldrather+ pastperfeal-+past
fd rctherwehodleft earlietthenwewouldn'thovebeen
cauahtift therushhon ttolfiL

209

Grammar
Reference
Un it10

ReativeCau5e5
Relativeclausesare introducedwith eithera relative

pronoun
ora relative
adverb.

pronouns
Relative
uSel

who(mYthat
to referto people.
which/thelto referto thlngs.
whose with people,anmalsand obiectsto show
(ins'tead
possession
adjerttve).
of a possessive
. Who,whichandthat canbe omittedwhefltheyare
the obiectof the relativeclause.He'sthemdn(wholI am
warkingfor
Whomcan be usedinstead
of who whenit is the
Whomls alwaysused
objectof the reativeclause.
nstead
fhotSthegi
of whoor thataftera preposltion.
to whomBillgotengaged.
Who, whichand that arenot omittedwhentheyare
the subjectof a relativeclaus.fhe monwho owrJthd{
shopisny causin
.
Whoseis neveromitted.Thots then1n whose
dauahter
go(moffiedtamyneighbout

Relative
adverbs
We use:
. when/thatto refer10a time(andcanbeonritted)
ThatwostheVeat(whenlthatlwemovedtoMadrid.
ii. where10 refer10 a place.Ihe horeiwhercwespent
oul
holidoys
istlosingdown.
summer
iii why to givea reascn,usually
afterthe word reason
(whycanbe omitted).
(why)helefttown
Thats thercason

.dentifying
Rerative
ano\on-dentilTi"g
Clauses
An identirying
relativeclauseqrv+snecssary
informat
on
to the meanng of the mainsentence.
lt is not put
essential
in commas
andisintroduced
withwho,which,that,whose.
where,when or the reason(why).Ihemanwhobaughtour

catlives
nextdoor.
g vesextrainformat
A non-dentfyrngrelative
clause
on and
is notessential
tothemeaningof
themalnsentenreltisput
in commasand !s introduced
with who, whom, whirh.
whose,whereor when lheman,whawosveryifipatienL
[eft
beforethedoclorcamen.

f l.arrqpcnf P rrnnce
Clauses
of purpose
whysomebody
areusedto explain
does
Theyareintroduced
somethrng,
wlth the following
words/
exoressrons:
. to-infinitive- (olinwentto thesupermarket
to buysome
food.

210

.
.

.
.
r

in orderto/so esto + infinitive(formall- Themanagsl

wo* avettime
in orderto finkh thp
rcquested
thateveryone
prcle+ontime.
- Take
refercnce)
so that + can/will{present/future
my
anyhelp.
numbet
soahatyoucancallmeifyouneed
- Heleftat 3
so that + <ould/would(0astreference)
o'cla&sothathewouldbeolthestatian
in pletyof time.
in case+ presenttense(present
of futurerefereflce)
caseit rcinsToke
anumbrcllqin
- Shehadpa*ed
in case+ past tense(pastreference)
sofiewermdothesin (dseit wascoldtherc.
Note:in easeis neverusedwithwallor would.
the purpose
of af artion)- Ihey
for + noun(expresses
wPnttoMariosfor a snack.
for + -inEform(expresses
thepurpose
of something
or
paper
arcusedfortuning
itsfunction)- scrssoff
with a view to + -ing form - TheBrowns
rcntedtheold
there.
rcttogewithd viewto spendingthehholidays

negativepurposeusrng:
Wecanexpress
r in ordernot to/so asnot to + infinitive- Hemadea list
soasnotto lorgetanyone.
oftheguesrs
(+from)+ -ing form Bad
prevent+ floun/pronoun
pftventedtheshipfrcm deFaning,
weothet

Clauses
of Result
result.Theyare
clausesof result are usedto express
word#phrases:
introduced
withthe following
f,s o result,thercfarc,
rcnsequently/as
a rcnsequEnte,
so,
sa/iuch
..,that,etc

. asa result/therefore/consequently/as
a consequence
arcidentcnd,asa result/thercforc/
Thefioyorhoda seriaus
theopening
of thenew
consequently/as
o ionsequence
lafllspofisrentrewascantelled.
As a result/therefotel
Themayorhad a se ousaccident.
a consequence
theopening
rcnsequently/os
of the new
localspotts
rcntrewascanrclled.
so - | wostired,soI wenttobedea y.
(ountable
+ singular
sucha/an+ adjective
nounloveshim.
Johnissucho goodboythateverybady
+ plural/uncountable
nounsuch+ adlective
Theyweresuth hospitabl?peoplethat I will nevetforyet
f,tlem.

l lifii]
It wassuchheovyluggogethott cot.ldn
sucha lot of + plural/uncountablenoun
He hasgot sucho lpt of boo*srhdthehdsto buya new
oooKcase,
Therewassucha lot of info.fiation thatI couldn'tkeepuD
withit,
so + adjective/adverb
thotheIeftwhhoutsayinq
goodbye.
Hefe[tsoembaftdssed
Thelittleboyrcnsofast thetnobadywasableto rctchhim.
+ uncountable
noun
so much/little
+ Pluralnoun
so many/few
heathirn.
ThuewossornuchnoisethollcouldnT
I'vegotsolittlemoneythotlcon'tbuyhima prcsent.

Reference
Grammar
Therewereso manyfu$tometsin theshapthat theyhodto
queue.
Hemadeso fewmistakesthothewillpasstheexoffi,

Concession
a conlrast.
They
Clauses
of concession
areusedto express
rases
arelntroduced
withthefoiowingwords/ph

I have(possess)
hasthe tag haven'tl? BUTI nave
(usedidiomatically)
hasthetag don't l? - li" rrdsd bike,
hosn'the!Hehaddinnerwith
Ann,
didn'the?
This/Thatis has the tag isn't it? Ihis shopts vety
isn'till
expensive,
I am hasthetag arcn'tl? - I afi late,nen't l?
tag will you?A negativeimperativehasthe question

foryet
DonT
rcpottthis,willyou?

in spite af/despite,
but, olthouqh/even
thoughlth1ugh,
ontheothethand
however,
yet,neveftheless,
whlldwhereos,
but
It woshatbuthewosweainga coat.
+ clause
thoughithouEh
although/even
thanalthough.
Though
Eventhoughis rncremphatic
speeth.lt can
is informaland is often usedin everyday
alsobeputat theendof a Sentence
it washot,hefeltrcld,
though/fhough
Although/Even
thoughlthoughit wal hot.
Heteltcolddlthough/even
It woshot.Hefeltcold,though.
form
+ noun/-ing
in spiteof/despite
tn spiteoflDespitehisquallftcotionzhecou[dn'tfinda iob.
Hetouldn'tfinda jobin spiteofldespite(his)qualiticotians.
in spiteof/despite
+ the factthat + clause
he
ln splteoflDespitethefact that he had quolifications,
rculdn'tgetdlob.

however/nevertheless
A comma
isalwa\,s
usedafterhowever/neveftheless.
ihe left ea v. However/Nlertheless,she missedher
aDDointment.
while/whereas
herbtotheristall.
5heisshort,whilelwhercas
yet (formalYstill
yetit wdsquitewotm.
It wosDecembeL
Myrcr is old-Still,it isin verygoodcondition.
on the otherhand
to tavelin, Ontheotherhand,cars
Euses
arcn'tcomfoftoble
ore...

Tags
Question
. Questiontagsareformedwith an auxiliary
verband
pronoun.Theytakethesame
persona
the appropriate
or,lf thereisn'tan auxlliary
auxiiaryasin thestatement
(present
s mple)or
in thestatement,
theytakedo/does
did (pastsimple).
. After affirmativestatementswe use d negative
staternents
we use
interrogalive
tag andafternegativ
tag,
a positrve
interrogative
Heworks
aso clerk,doesn'the!
Shecouldrt'tanswerthpquution,$uld she?
Note:
go
we?
' Let'shasfhetag shaffwe?- Let's out,shall you'll
r Let me,/himhasthe tag will you/won'tyou?
let
meborrowyourcor,won'tyou?

21X

Reference
Grammar
Rules
for Punctuation

(''or")
Marks
Quotation

Capital etters

marksareused:
Quotation
. in directspeechto reportthe exactWOr0SSomeone
Tony.\/hat's your
sard.Thefrainleayes
ot ll4satn,'said

A capiial
letterisused:
r to begina sentence.
This
isobook,
+ fordaysof theweek,months
andpublic
holidays.
Moftday,
Januaty,NewYmt,etc
for namesofpeopleand places.Ihisis8il/8/ake
andhe5
ftamSwrey
Englond.
Dt Brown;
Prcfessot
for people's \les.MrandMrsPzrker;
Hottis,etc
for nationalities
andlanguages.
TheyareSpanish.
He'tfluent
inGrcekand
Rusdon,
pronounI is alwaysa capitalletter,
Note:Thepersonal
EobandI areworkino
latetoniah|

F u l l S t o0p
A full stopis used:

to end a sentence
that 15 not a queflron0r an
exclamation.
agteatlme hercin Barbodos.
Welehaving
We
wishyouwerehere.

(,)
Comma
A commaisused:
. to separatewordsin a lisl. I needsugormilk,flowond
eggs.
r to separatea non-identi8iing
relative(lause(i e. a
rlausegivingertrdinformation
whichis not essntral
to
the nreaning
fromthemainclause.
of themainclause)
Ron,whoisa singerlivesin Canodar aftercertainlinkingwordgphrases
(e.E.in additionto
this, mareove{.
for example,however,in conctusion.
etc).Moreoueri
lyn ii very!ffipotient.
. whenif-clauses
beginsentences.
lfyouhoveanyquestlons,
don'thesitote
toask.
Note: no commals used,howevelwhenthe if-clause
follows
themainclause. to separate
question
tagsfromthe restof thesentence
MtJones
isyou newneighboqisn'the?

Mark(?)
Question
markisused:
A questton
. to enda directquestion.
Whoishe?

Exclamation
Mark{!)
Anexclamatron
markrsused:
. to end an exclamatory
r.e. a sentence
sentence,
joy,angetetc.Whatlovely
showing
admiration,
surprise,
weathet!
Howrude!

212

namel"heasked
het

(:)
Colon
A colonisused:
r to introduce
a list. ffierewerethrce
ofusin theroom:my
andme.
brothetmylriendSteve

Brackets
0

Brackets
areused:
. to seoarateextra informationfrom lhe restof the
(i.e.TheGu^tdian
newspapers
sentence,
Thefiofi popular
TheObseruet,
Thelime, et()canbefoundalmostanywhere
in theworld.

(')
Apostrophe
An apastrophE
is used:
. in shoft forms to show that one or more lettersor

you...He
havebeenleftout.l'n(= | amltellinq
numbers
leftforSpoin
in thewinterof? L (=2001)
or
beforeor afterthe possessive
-sto showownership
therelationshrp
beweenpeople,
dough
ter(singular not.in+ 's)
\ob'swife,mysistett
(pluralnoun+')
cotroge
mygrcftdporcnts'
plural+ 's)
men3Juiu(irregular

be

WAS

h^.-

bore
beat
became

beat
become
Eegrn

began

bite
blow
oreaK

DII

hrng
build
burn
burst
buy
can
carcn
tnoose
come
cost
cut

brought
built
burnt(burned)
burst
bought

rlin

oo
0ream
drink
onve
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fly
forbid
forget
forgve
freeze
ger
give
go
grow
hang
NAV

near
hide
hrt
hold
NU

l(eep

know
lay

lead
tearn
|eAVE
!enq

orew
broke

could
caught
cnose
camo
cut
dealt

born{e)
oearcn
oecome
Degun
bitten
blown
oroKen
brought
built
burnt(burned)
burst
bought
(beenableto)
caug
ht
chosen
come
cost
CUt

dealt
oug
oug
oone
d id
(dreamed) dreamt(dreamed)
dreamt
flIANK
drunk
driven
drove
eaten
ate
fallen
fell
fed
fed
felt
felt
fought
fought
found
found
fled
fled
flown
flew
forbidden
forbade
forgotten
forgot
forgave
forgiven
froze
frozen
gor
got
grven
qave
WENI
90ne
grew
gr0wn
hung(hangedi
hung{hanged)
nao
heard
heard
hidden
hid
hit
hir
held
held
hUft
hurt
l(ept
KepT
known
Knew
lard
laid
led
led
learnt(learned) learnt{learned)
left
left
lent
lent
let
let

light
lose
make
fftean

meet
pay

put
read
ride
nng
rise
Iun

say
5ee
seeK
setl
send
5er

shake
shine
shoot

show
shut
srng
sit
sreep
Smetl

speaK
spell
speno
splrt
spread
sprtng
stand
steal
stick
sting
SIINK

strike
SWear

sweep
swim
take
teach
lear

l rt

lcst
maqe
meanl
mel

pard
put
reao
rode
ran9
rcse

ran
sard
saw

II

lost
rnaoe
meant
met
paid
put
reao
ridden
run9
n5en
tun
S eto

sod
sent

seen
sought
sold
sent

seT

5er

sewe0
shook
shone
shot
showed
shut
Sang

sewn
shaken
shone
snoT
snown
shut
sun9

sought

SAI

slept
smelt(smelled)
spoKe
spelt(spelledi
spent
split
spread
sprang

slept
smelt(srnelled)
spoKen
spelt(spelled)
spent

9rooo
stole
5tuck

s1000

stung
stank
struck
swore

splrt

Spreao

sprun9
stolen
stu(k
srun9
stunk
5ITUCK
5WOIn

swepr

swept

swam
took
taught
tore

sWUrn

tell
think

told

INTOW

INTCW

thought

understand underslood

IAXEN

tau9ht
torn
told
thought
thrown
understood
WOKEN

wear

woKe
wDre

write

won
wrote

won
written

WAKE

worn

213

Appendix

absent
from{ad1}
abstan fronr(v)
according
to (prep)
accoufttfor {v)
6 L L U >E J!

\\]/

accustorned
to iadj)
acquainted
with(adj)
addicted
to iad!)
(take)advantage
of (n)
advlce
on (n)
affectedby{ad1}
afrad of (adj)
agreewithsbon sth(v)

baddt tadj)(but Hewasvery

badto me)
Dase
0ntv)

begfor (v)

beginwrth(vi
beliqvqin (v)

belong
to (v)
capable
of (adi)
careabout(v)
carefor sbiv)(= rke)
(take)careof (n)
careforsth(vi{= liketo do sth)
careful
of (adj)
(adj)
careless
abouvwith
cause
of (n)
ceftainof (adj)
chargefor (v)
(v)
charge
sbwith(acrime)
chatwith(v)
chequefor(n)
(n)
choicebetween/of
rleverat (adj)ibut: t wasvery
cleverof youto buyit.)
closeto (adj)
datebackto (v)
datefrom(v)
dealwith (v)
dearto (adj)
decideon/against
iv)
defc entin (adj)
detayn (n)
deightrn{v)
deightdwith(adl)
demand
for (n)
demandfrom(v)
eagerfor (adj)
(put)etfortntosth(n)
emphasis
on (n)
engaged
in sth(adi)
engaged
to sb(ad,;)
enthusiastic
about(adl)
equato (adt
escape
from(v)
xample
of (n)
excellent
at {adj)
exception
to (n)

214

aimat (v)
allerqic
to (adl)
amazed
aVby(a0Ji

arnount
t0 (v)
(adj)
amused
aLtu/th/by
angryat whatsbdoes{adj)
angrywithsbaboutsih{adjl
angryw th sbfordorngsth(adj)
annoyed
w th sbaboutsth(adi)
(in)answer
to (n)
anxious
aboutsth(adj)
apoogseto sbforsth(v)

(v)
appeal
to/agarnst
apply{tosb)forsth(v)
approve
of (v)
afguewithsbaboutsth(v)
anestsbforsth(v)
arrrve
at {asmaI p ace}(v)
irnve n (atawn)iv)
ashamed
of (adj)
askfor (v)(but asksb a question)
astonshedavby(adj)
attendto (v)
of {adj)
{un}aware

benefitfrom(v)
beton (v)
beware
cf (v)
(putthe)blame
onsb(n)
blamesbforsth(v)
blamesthon sb(v)

(v)
boastabouVof
boredwilh/of(ad1)
borrowsthfromsb(v)
brillantat (adj)
tlumpnto(vl
busywrth{adl)

comment
on [v)
cornmunicate
with(v)
compare
with(v){lrow
people
andth ngs
areal keandhowtheyaredifferent)
cornpare
to (v)(showthelikeness
betweensb,/sth
andsb/sthelse)

connectto/with(v)
conscious
of (adi)

rompafsonlretween(f)

complaifi
of (v)(= sufferfrom)
complain
to sbaboutsth(v)(= be
annoyed
at)
compliment
sbon (v)
comply
with(v)
concentrate
on {v)
(have)
confidence
n sb(n)
rongratulate
sbon sth(vi
(n)(but:in
connection
between
connection
with)

consistof (v)
(n)(but:in contact
contactbetween
with)
contentwith(adj)
contraryto {prep)

to (v)
contribute

convertto,/into(r,)
copewith(v)
to/with(v)
correspond
creshInto (v)
crazyabout(adj)
crowdedwith (adi)
curefor (ni
curious
about(adj)

departfrom(v)
departure
from(n)
(vl
depend
on/upon
describe
sb/sthto sbelse(v)
descript
on of (n)
dieoflfrom{v)
(v)
diein an accident
differfrom(v)
(have)
difference
(n)
between/of
from(adj)
ditferent
diFnculty
in/with(n)
disadvantage
of (n){but:theret a
disadvantage
in doingsth)

disagree
with{!)
(adi)
withiabout
disappointed

(make
= tre;t
an except
on of sth,isb
sir/sth
asa special
case
takeexcept
on to sth= objectto sth)
exchange
sthfor sth else(v)
excitedabout(adj)
exclam at (v)
excuse
for (n)
excuse
sb for (v)
expelfrom{v)
experienced
in (ad1)

(have)
experience
in
experirnent
on/wth (v)
expeft
aUn (sth/doing
sth)(n)
(=person
skitled
at)
exoet aVn/on(srl-/doing
sth)(ad;i(=
donewithskillor involvtng
great
knowledge)
expertwirhsth(n)(=goodat usingsth)
expert0n (n)(- person
knowledgeable
abouta subject)

of (v)
disapprove

frorn{v)
discourage
(n)
discussion
about/on
disrrssfrom(v)
cf {v)
dispose
dissatisfied
with(adj)
(v)
distingu
shbetween
do wellin {anexam)
dreamabout{v}
dreamof (v)(- imagine)
in (adj)
dressed

Appendix

failin (v)
failurein (anexam)(n)
faithfulto (adj)
familiar
to sb(adj)(= known
to sb)
familiar
wrth(adj)(= have
knowledge
of)

famous
for (adj)
fedup wrth(adj)
flghtfor sthiwithsb(v)
frllsth with sthelse(v)
(v)
fiil in (anapplimtion)
fondof (adj)
forgetaboutsth(v)

forgivesbfor (v)
(adi)
friendly
with,/to

genius
at (n)
glance
at (v)
glareat (v)
goodat (adj)(tlut: Hewas

gossip
aboutsth(v)
gossip
with sb(v)

guiltyof (ddj)(bur;Hefeltguilty

cf (adj)

furiouswith sbabout/atsth (adj)

abouthi56rime.i

gratefulto sb for sth (adj)

verygoodto rne.)
to tv)
happy
abouuwith
iadl)
harmfulto (adj)

headfor(v)
ideaof (n)
identical
to (adj)
ill with (adj)
impressed
by/with(adj)
on sb(n)
{makean)impression
include
in (v)
in (n)
increase

hearabout(v)(=betold)
hopefor sth (v)
hearfrom(v)(=receive
a letter/phone
call) (nc)hopeof (ni
hearof {v}(= knowthat sthor sb exists) hopeless
at (ad1)
rndrfferent
to (ad1)
(n)
information
abouVon
insist
on(v)
(have
no)intention
of (n)
interestin (n)
interested
n (adj)

nterferewithln (v)
nvestIn(v)
lnvitation
to (n
invte sbto (v)
involvein (v)
involved
in (adj

jeaiousof (ad.;)
knockaVon(v)
(v)
KNOWabouUof
Keenonsth(adj)

keento dosth(adj)
keepto (ahealthy/certain
weight)
kindto (adj)

keyto {n)
qf (n)
knowledgs

lackn (v)
lackof (n)
laughat (v)

(v)
leanon/against
lendsthto sb(v)
I stento (v)

lookat (v)

makeanappolntment
with{v)
married
to (adj)
nreanto (adi)

(have
a)meeting
with(n)
mpntron
to (v)
mistake
sbfor(v)

mixwith(v)

naffreafter(v)

necessary
ior(adj)

(take)(no)noticeof (n)

needfor(n)

nervous
about(adj)
newto (adj)
niceto (adj)

obedientto (adi)
oblectto (v)
objection
to (ni

obliged
to sbforsth(adj)
obviousto (adl)
occurto (v)

operate
on (vl
opinionof/on(ni

partwirh(v)
patientwith (adj)
persist
ln (v)
(takea)photograph
of (n)
pictrreol (n)
pityfor (n)
takepityon sb(phr)
pleasant
to (adj)
pleased
with(adt)
(take)pleasure
in (n)

(have
the)pleasr.Lre
of (n)
pointavto(v)
(imlpolite
ta (adj)
popular
with(adt)

pr.deonesel'on
doingsth(v)
''th/on
prohibit
sbfromdoingsth(v)
prone
to (adj)
(v)
protectagainstfrom
protection
from(n)
proudof (adj)
provide
sbwith (v)
pLnish
sbfor(v)

quaneL
aboutsth/withsb(!/n)
quahlred
for (adj)

quickat (adJ)

P' c ) c r v ,L ,r lvl

prefersthto sthelse(v)
prepare
for (v)
present
sbwith (v)
prevent
sbfrom(v)
(take)
prrde
in (n)

quotation
from(n)

215

Appendix

readyfor (adj)

reason
for(n)

reason
with (v)
receive
from(v)

(keep)
a record
of (n)
recover
from(v)
reductiofl
in (n)

referto (v)

(in/with)refe{ence
to (n)
refrainfrom(v)
regardless
of (prep)
relEted
to (adj)
safefrom(adj)
sameas(adj)
satisfiedwith/by(adj)

savetb from(v)
scaredof (adj)

search
for(v/n)
(be)in search
of (ni
sensitveto (adj)

senten(e
sbto (v)
(v)
separate
From
serious
about(adj)
shake
hands
with(v)
shocked
aVby(adi)
shortof (adl)
(have)
tastein (n)
tenibleat (adj)
terrifiedof (adl)
thanksbfor (v)
thankfufor (adj)

(n)(but:a
relationship
between
relationship
with sb)
relevant
to (adj)
relyon(v)
(v)
remind
sbof/about
remove
from(v)
replace
sthwrthsthelse(v)
replyto (niv)
reportcn (n/v)
reputation
for/of(n)
for (n)
respect
respond
to (v)

resFonsrbil
ty for(n)
for(adj)
responsible
result
from(v)(=bethe
consequence
ofl
resultin (v)(= cause)
resultof (n)
retirefrom(v)
{or(v)
revise
richin (adj)
risein {n)
rudeto (adj)

shoutat (v)
shyof (adj)
sickof (adj)
similar
to (adj)
shrlled
atlrn(adj)
smellof (n,tu)
smileat (v)
solution
to (n)
56rryabort (adl)1=leelsorryfo. sbt
(but:l'msorryfor doingsth)
specialise
in (v)
spend
money
onsth(v)
spend
tlmen/doing
sth(v)
stareat (v)

studyfor(v)
subjectto (adl/v)
subrnit
to (v)(but:submitsth for
publication)
to (vi
subscnbe

(v)
thlnkabouvof
threaten
sbwithsth(v)
throwat (v)(inorderto hit)
throwto (v)(inorderto catch)

(be)(atithetopof (theclass)
(n)
from... nto(v)
translate

tire of (v)

in (v)
st-lcceed
sufferffom(v)
suitable
for(adj)
SUpeflor

sureofla
surprrsed
aVby{ad1}
suspect
sbof (v)
of (adj)
suspicious
sympathise
with(vI

trendfor(n)
typical
of {adj}

tredof (adj)(=feduFwith)

upsetabout(adl)
wait for (v)
(v)
warnsbagainsVabout/of
waste(time/money)
on (v)
waveaVtosb(v)

216

weakn/at(adt)
whisper
to (v)
winkat sb(vi
wonderabout(v)

worryabout(v)
worthyof (adj)
write(a letter)10sb(v)

Appendix

a disadvantage
a discount
a distance
a fractiofiot
a glance
a guess
a loss

a profit
allcosts
an aovanrage
flrsthand
least
length
oddswith

one9 request
peace
random
sea
shortnoti(e
spee0

the expense
of
the heartof
the latest
thetirne

bus/ca
r/plany'
{oach/rai
a[r dent

means
of
nature
now
popu!ar
requPst

viftueof

fndnce

c0incidencP
0egrees
far
raw
lurk

a cnange
fearof sth
good
granted

hire
lrle
nothrng
once

sb'ssake
the frrsttime
the sakeof

the tirie being

SUre

mem0ry

nowon

timeto time

a rusn

confidence

mooemuon

advance

0anger
debt
detaI
disguise

nameQnry

rerutn
5ecret

no time

somerespects

partrf,ulaf

cornfort

p aceof
principle
progress
public

t heend
rhehabitof
the heartof
thenameof
thewrld

comm0n

receSSron

vdin

all means

agreement
brief
captrvrty
caseof
cnarge

the beaten

existence

duty
the record

theroad

foot
a bicycle
a diet
account
of
anisland
approval
bail
behalf
of
deman0

duty

sale

goodtermsw th

stflke

rmpulse
teave

the agenda
t hebri nkof

loan

tnecontrary
theincrease
lne move
thejob

t hew hole
yourmrrld
yourown

breath
control

debt

rea(n
stock

t me(musc ony)
town

theordnary

u5e

water

WOTK

TTACK

oanger

no adcount

paper
principle
purpose

fashion
practrce

dale

one'sface

one5 Surpr
5e

thisday

/^^+.^ |

discussion
orqers
pressure

reparr
the mpression
theweather

ihe pointof
thepremises
tneroao
thetrailof

rnrear
yourbfeath

217

Back
backout= (tr)decide
n ot to d0 sth

Be

wrlh
carryon (with)= (tr)continue
2) (tr) aa
carryout = l) (tr) conductan experiment;
accoro
ingto sth
carrythrough= (tr) complet
successfully
in spiteof
difficuIty

Cat h

be in = at home
be intosth= to likestha lot
beout = notat nome

thesamelevel,
standard
catchupwith = (tr)reach

Beat

Chec

beatup = (tr)hitandklcksbmanytimes

at a hotel,begiventheroomkeyand
checkl n = (int)arrive
fillin anynecessary
forms

Blow

Cheer

blowup = 1t4deStroyby anexplosron

Sreak
(ofmachinery)
stopworking;
breakdown= 1)(in,t)
2)(int)
(ofa person)
losecontrolof feelings;
3) (int){of
talkVnegotiations/etc)
fail;4) (tr)separate
undetheadings
brakin = (int)enterbyforceor i legally
breakinto = 1)(tr)enter l:y force;2) (tr)interrupt
reement
breakoff = (tr)enda relationship/ag
brakout = (int)(ofwar,etc)beginsuddenly
(inspiteof oppos
= (int)advance
breakthrough
tion)
to sbin a kindway
breakto = (tr)tell(usubadnews)
2)(int)
breakup= 1)(rnt)(ofschools,
etc)stopforholidays;
enoa relatronshio

Br ng
bringabout= {tj caLrse
to happen
bringback= (tr)cause
to recall
bringdown= (ir)cause
to fall
dateor time
bringforward= (tr)movesthto an earlier
profit/money
bringin = (tr)create
bringon = (tr)causer
ususthunpleasant
bringout= (tr)putonthemarket
qsnsciousness;
bringround= l) (tr)cause
to regain
2)(tr)
persuade;
bringover(to)
bringup = 1)(tr)raisea child;
2) (tr)mentior/introduce
a
subiect

Call
callback= (tiltelephone
againin returnfora phonecall

Calm
Gllm OOwn=

(int)become
lessupset

Carry
becarriedaway= beveryexcited
srccessfully
carryoff = (tr)handle
a ort-icult
situarion

2 18

l; 2) (int)become
cheerup = 1) (tr) makemorecheerfu
morecheerful

Clear
clearaWaY= (tr)putawaythingsyounaveuseo

Come

bychance
comearross= (tri frnd./meet
comeby= (tr)obtain
(omedownto = (tr)be passed
on to sb by inhetitance
i r;go sownwith
comedown*;1[ = (tr)become
comeinto= (tr)inherit
comeoff = (int)srlcceed
comeout = l) (int)(of flcwers)beEinto blosscm;2) (int)
beableto beremoved
bepublished;
3)(int)(ofstainsi
2)(int) recove
come rouno -1 ) (int) visit casually;
consc!ousne55

to a total
cometo = (tr)amount
2){int)arise;
occul
comeup= 1)(lnt)bemenlioned.
2) (tr) equal;{of
come up to = l) (tr) approach;
expectations)
beupto
solution,
etc)
comeupwith = (tr)find(ananswer,

Cut
= (tr)takea shorter
way
cutacross
production);
cut
cut back(on)= (tr) reduce(expenses,

downon
cutin = l)(int)movesuddenly
in frontof anothecar,2)
(int)interrupt
cutinto= (tr)interrupt
Z)(tr)isoate(usuplaces)
cutoff = 1)(tr)disconnect;
cutout= (tr)omit
be cut out for/to be= besuitedfor {c professioni
cutup = (tri cutinto

Do
do awaywith = (tr)abolish
badlyof sb
do down
speak

Appendix
do in = (tr)ki I
do up = (tr)fastenj
tie
do with = (tri want
do wlthout= (tr)liveor continue
withoulhavng sth/sb;
Vewrtnoul

giveback= (tr)return
givein = (int)surrender;
yield

Ease

Go

ease up=(nt)
tn oegree,
speed,
intensity
reduce

goafter= (tr)pursue
go ahead= (intibeallowed
to happen
go away= (int)stop,cease
go backon = (tr)breaka promise/agreernent
go by = (tr)baseone'sideas
on
go downwith (tr)become
ill
go for = 1)(tr)attack.2)(tr)applyfor(ajob)
go ;n 1ey= itr)takepdrtin (acompetit
on)
go off = 1)(int)(ofa bomb)explode;
2){ofan alarm)
ring;
3l { nt)(of food)spoilj4)(tr)stopliklngsth
go on = 1)(int)continue;
carryon;2i (tnt)happen
go our = tlnt)stopburning
detais;gothroLrgh;2)(til repear
EoOVer= 1)(t4examine
goround= 1)(.nt)beenoug^
Lohavea share.
'or everyone

Eat
eat into= (tr)usemorethanexpected

End
endup = (int)finishup,resultin

Fall
fallapart= (int)cometo preces
fall backon = (tr)turnto sb/sthfor hep whenotherplans
haveI'alled
fallbehindwith = (tr)failto keepupwith
fall for = 1i (tr)fall in lovewithsb,2i (tri bedeceived
fallln = (int)coiapse
fallin with= (tr)agree
with
fallinto= 1)(tr)bedivided
2) (tr)begin;
into(categories);
entera state
fallon = 1)(tr)atiack;2)(tr)eathungrily
fallout with = (t4 quarrel
fallthrough= (int)failto becornpleted

Get
geta{ross
= {tr}successfully
ideas
communicate
getalong= (int)continue
despite
difficulties
geton with
getalongwith = (tr)beonfriendly
terms;
getat = (int)mean
get awaywith = (tr) escape
punishment
for a wrongful,
il egalact
get back= (tr)recover
possesion
of
getdown= 1)(tr)swalowwithdifficulty;
2)(tr)depress
getdownto = (tr)startdoingsthserously
geton = 1)(tr)enteribus,train,etc);2){int)makeprogress
geton with = (tr)beongoodterrns
with
get out = (int)(ofnews)become
kncwn
get over= (tri recover
from
get round= (1r)persuade;
bringround
get roundto (tr)= flndtlmeto dosth
get through= 1)(tri finish{apieceof work);
2)(tr)goon
living
through
times
diffrcult
getthroughto = (tr)reach
byphone
get up= (int)riseftombed

Give
giveaway= 1){tr) revealj
2) (tr)givesthfreeof charge

giveoff = (tr)emit(smells,
heat,fumes,
etc)
giveout = 1)(int)cometo an end;2)(tr)distribute
glveup= I ) (ir)abandon
2)(tr)sLrrender
anattempvhabit;

('rewr/disease)
l) (inL)
spread,
t lrulate;get round
go through = 1) (Tr)expsrienre;
2) (int)(of a deal/
t) be cornpleted
with success;
in
alrangefl-re
3) (tr)discuss
detail

go up = (int)(ofprices)
rise
gowith = (tr)match
gowithout= {t0endure
thelackof sth;do without

Hang
halg out - (tf)purclorl-es
on t1e li'e to dry
nangup = '1)(tr)putsthin a highposition.
2) (int)enda
phone
cal
nangon= (nt)waii:fora shortwhile

Hold
(tears.
holdback= 1)(tr)control
aughter);
Z)(int)hesitate
holdin = (tr)restrain
holdoff = (U)keepat a distance
holdon = (int)wait(esponthephone)
holdout = 1)irnt)last;2)(int)persist
holdto = 1'}(trifollawexactlyj
2)keepto (apromse,etc)
holdtrp= 1)(tridelay;
2)(tr)useviolence
in orderto roD

Keep
keepafter= {tr)continue
to oursue
keepaway(from)= (tr)stayaway
Keepback= (tr)conceal
kepdown= (tr)cause
to remain
at a lowerevel
keepin = (tr)makesbstayindoors(aspunishment)
keepoff = (ti stayawayfron;avoid
keepcn = [int)cortiruedesptre
dif cLlties
Keepout = (tr)exclude
sb/5th
keepup(with) (tristayat thesamelevelassb/sth
keep up with 1) (tr) {ontinueto be informed;
2) itr)

719

Appendix
cnangeat lnesame
rate

Lt

Pay

payback= li (tr)returnmoney
owed;2){tr)takereveng

let down= 1)(tr)(orc othes)lengthen(+takeup)j2) (tr)

disappo
nt
let in (to)= allowsbto enre.a pla.e
let off= (td notpunish
let on= (int)reveal
a secret
let out= 1)(tr)release;
maKerarger
2)(tr)(ofclothes)
(+takein)
let up= (int)become
lessstrong

on 5D

Live

pi(ksb up: (tr)gosomewhere

andtakesbaway(oftenin

paydown- (tf) paypartof the prlcefor sth andthe rest

overa period
of tirne
payfor = (t4 receive
punishment
payoff = (t4 pay5bto leaveerxployment
payup = {tr)pay(adebt)in ful

Pi k

liveon = (tr)havean arncu

nt of moneyto buythings

Loo
lookafter= (v)takecareof
lookback(on)= itr)consider
thepast
(+lookup to)
lookdownon = (tr)despise
lookfor = (tr)search,
tryto find
lookfonvardto = (tr)anticipate
withpleasure
lookin on sb= (tr)paya shortvisitto
look;n16= (tr)investigate
lookon = (int)observe
lookout = (int)becarefr-rl
lookout for= (tr)bealertinorderto sedfindsb/sth
lookover= (tr)examine
go through
rarefully;
look 16unl= (tr)inspect
a prace
Iookthrough= (tr)lookat quickly
lookup = (tr)looklorsLhr a- appropriate
book/list

Loosen
loosenup = (int)beLo.ne
mo'erelcxed

be madefor = suitexactly
makefor = (tr)go towards
makeout = 1)(tr)distinguish;
2)(tr)writeout;flllin
makeover= (tr)giveposieision
of sthto sbelse
makeup = 1)(tr)invent;
2)(tr)putcosmetics
on;3! (int)
reconce
fiake up for - (tri compensate
makeup one'smind=decide

openup= (int)relax
andsayexactly
whatrb feels
or thinks

Pass
passaway= (int)die
passoff as= {tr) pretendto tresth/sbelsesuccessfu
ly
pa55
(inti oseconsciousness

220

tl
pull 661vn= (tr)demoish
ptrllin (int)(oftrains)
arlve(+pullout)
= bringones feelings
pulloneselftogether
undercontrol
pull thrcugh= (int)succeed
despite
difficulties
pull up = (int)stop

Put
putaside/by
= (tr)save
putacross
= (tt)LornJricatesuLLessfu
ly;gel asoss/over
put away= l) (tr)store;2)(tr)put sb into prison/rnen

put back= (tr)placesth Inthepositfon

it wasin before
putdown= l) (tr)writedown;takedown;2)(tr)suppres
forcbly
put downto = (tri attributeto
put forward
propose
putoff = (tri postpone
( n weight);
put on = 1i (tr)dress
cneself
in;2)(tr)increase
(show/performance)
3)(td cause
to takeplace
(fire.etc);2) causetroube,
put out = l) (tr)extinguish
3)(tr)takesthoutofthehous
e
be put out = beannoyed
put rhrough= (tr)connect
bypnone
put up = '1| (Tr)prpr-t,
buid; 2) (tr)offerhosp'.al;Ly;
3)(tr)
showin a publicplace
put upwith = (tr)tolerate

un

= itri meeUfnd
runacros#into
bychance
runafter= (tr)chase
runawaywith = (tr)steal
rundown= 1)(triknockdown(witha vehicle);
runover;
2)(tr)speak
of sb
badly
|.uo;n = (tr)bringa newcarengtne
intofulluse(bydriving
it slowly
fora setperiod)
runoff = (tr)makePrrnt#ccPies
runout = (tr)havenomoreof sthleft
runoutof = {tr)no iongerhavea supply

Appendix
run tnrough = l) (tr) useup;2)(tr)rehearse,
checkor
(mark.
quicKty
takout = 1)(tr)remove;
revise
2)(tr)clean
dirti;3) (tr)
runup=1r)
( accumulate
arrange
to getsth(e.ga loanfroma bank)
runup against= (tr)encounter
{difflcr.ritievopposition) takeover= (tr)gaincontrolof srh
taketo = 1i{tr)beqina habit;2)(tr)like
5ee
takeup= 1)(tr)begina hobby,
sport,lobj
Z)(1r)fiil(time,
space)
= bestrongly
seeabout= (tridealwith;seeto
betakenaback
surprised
plane,
seeoff = (tr)accompany
to hiVher
train,
betakenin = bedeceived
a traveller
etc
Tell
see out = itri accompany
sb to the door/exitof a

house,fuuiJding
seesysy= (tr) inspect
a place;lookround
= (td not bedeceived
5eethrough

Set

telloff = (tr)scold/speak
to sbangrily

Th ow
(e.g.)in a rubbish
throw away= (tr) put sth useless

purpose
setaside
save
fora special
set in = (int) (of weather)staft and seem ikelyto
continue
setoff = (int)starta journey
?) intendto do sth
setout= 1)(int)begina Journey;
s e tuP=(tr) start a business

Slow
siowdown= (tr)movemoreslowly/reduce
speed

2) (int)be
standby= 1)(tr)support
sb,espin difficulties;
readyfor acton
put upwith
standfor = 1;6r; represent
2)(tr)toleratej
standin for = (tr)replace
sbtemporarily
$and out = (int)benoticeab
e
standup= 1)(int)riseto one'sfeet;Z)(lr)failto rneet
standupfor = (tr)support
standup to = (tr)resist

c0ntatnet

rn
turn away= (tr)refuseadmittance
turn down = l)(tr) refusean offer;2) (tr) reduce
(* turnup)
loudness
turnin = I ) (int)goto bed;2)(tr)giveto thepolice
turn off = (tr)switchoff (+turn on)
turnout= 1)(tr)produce;
2)(int)prove
to bs
turn over= (rnt)turn to a new page;change
the TV
channel
turn to = 1)(tf) go t sbfor help/advice;
2){tr) beqin(a
wayof lifeordoingsth)
(unexpe{tedty};
turn up = 1)(int)aniveof appear
2)(int)
(ofanopportunlty)
arise

e
useup= (tr)finish
sthsothatnoneof It t5 left

plates,
washuP= (tr)cleanpans,
etc(using
waterand
switchoff = (tr)stopsthworking(forelectrical
devices, detergent)
engtnes,
etc)
t*;1.h 1s = (tr) changesth
ind

Take

winddown= (rnt)relax

takeafter= (tr)resemble
takeaway- l t r l remove
take back
apologrse
,"L. 16y= (tr) identifywrongly
takein = 1)(tr)giveaccommodation;
2)(tr)make
(* let out);3)(tr)fullyunderstand
clothes
narrower
takeoff = l) {tr)remove
clotres(r Fut on):2) (int)(of
planes)
(+comedownli3)(tr)imitate
leave
theground
4l
(tr)(oftime)taketimeasa holiday
2)(td
take on = l)(td undertake
worUresponsibility;
employ

Wrk
workout = (tr)tryto undentand

p
wrapup= (tr)folda ptece
oi paper,
clolhorothermaterial
round5th

721

Further
Practice
Section
Words
oftenConfused

Readthesentences
the wordin bo d whichcompletes
andcircle
eachsentence
corectlv
t,lyrnotherusedto bring/ take,/show/ visitme to
the zoowhenI wasa chrld

2 Theyexchanged
lttersfor f fty years.but theynever
artually/ ge.rurnely
/ tTUlymet in pc son
/ positively
3 Hewas!nderdeep/ considerable
/ large/ important
pressure
to gettheworkdonebytheendof thEday
4 Themainactivity/ function/ situationy'occupation
geta good,ob.
of thecareers
officers to hep students
5 Thenew shophasa huqecolectionof videoswhich
caterforseveral
/ both/ all/ everytaStes
6 -l-e new scl.e-repro;ide:gre,Jter
wdyj./ reasonS
/
methods
/ opportunities
forschool-leavers
to f rd wo"<

7 Theincrease
n fundswi I make/ arrange/ allow/ let
the doctors
to (ontinue
theirifiDortantresearrh
I

Violentcrimeis becomng completely

/ increasingly
totally/ greatlycornmon
in modernc t es.

9 Manypeope beieve that Lrullfighting

is violent
Severe/ heavy/ cruelandshouldbebanned.
10 Locawi dllfewil suffer/ iniure/ fail n u
rrt if the
factorydoesnotstoppo lutingthenearb
vtryetr
(r o t gned/
11 Someanlmals
cannotadaptto livng in d(n)
rnanufactured
/ artificial/ falsenvironment.
12 N4any
busnessexecutives
experience,/
have/ create/
bearstress
in theirwofk.

23 As well./ MorethanI In additionto / Aoartits busv

alsooffersgreatshopsandmany
nightlfe, Amsterdam
nterestrng
museuTns.

24 At complete/ biq / maximum/ hiqh tide. the sea

cfien crashes
overthe harbourwalls.

? 5 n spflnq,
unikeAugust,
thetownstI hasInanyrooms
to charged
/ paid/ let / borrowedso it's an excellen
timto vist.

2 6 Ths smaI seaside

townisalmosldeselred
in thew nter,
/ even/ despitetherearea few
although/ otherwise
peope who llveherepermanent
y.
27 Theweatheris so goodthet hundreds
of peoplevrst
the placeal yearby / along/ round/ down.

28 Thousands
of spectators/ onlookers/ observers/
sightseers
rneketheirwayto the EiffelTowerin Paris
everyyear

29 Vlsrtors
relicsin the museum
fan seemanyfasc|nating
in ,/over/ from/ on payment
of a smalcharge
at the

entrance
30 Thearchrtect's
wotk was superb.but he chargedan
enormorJs
ti(ket/ fee/ fare/ subsffiDtion
JI

t ,ffasa lovey reio't.parficularly

/ exactly/ precisely
/
distinctlyat nightwhentherewassomuchto do.

1 3 Theremustbe a further/ rather/ better./moreway

to spendyourtrme

32 Vost peoplel'aveexperierred
a d sasrrous
hoidayat
on./a ./any/ the trnreor another.

1 4 Our iood contarns

onlystandard/ daily/ typical/

33 Vy loisyneighboJ'!wereTocriticise/ fault / blame/

a(cusefor thefactthatI couldnotsleeplastnirlht

natu;alinEredien
ts.
pick/ point./show/ speak
15 Opponents
of censorship
out tnattelevrs
arealready
reguated.
on programmes

34 5tre5!canoftenpush,/move/ bring/ turn a smal

16 Theold roadrs muchlonger,but it offerstravellers

rore rag'li'ireft territory/ scenery
/ setting,/land

35 A goodteacher
willalways
be awareoFthe efFeels
/
needs/ resulG/ questionsof hisor herstudents
and
when0 anninq
lessons.
consider
these

17 It'sa singe / unique/ particular

/ only krndof music;
nolhing
liket hasbeenheardbefore.

18 After four aI1emp15,he succeeded/ rnanaged

resulted
/ achieved
in passing
hisexam
19 Youhave30 rlrinutes
to cofi']p
etethetaskr'attempt/
effort/ labour
20 It's a lavelyold tDWnwith manynarrow,curling,/
winding/ rolling/ wavingslreets
21 Hewasrunniflg
soquickly
thatI onlycaugh
t a glimpse
/
glance/ look/ catchof himashedisappeared
around
thecornef.

222

perspective
22 The.eis a speciacLlar
/ view / siqht /
outlookof theciwfromthetopof thehill

problern
intoa crisis.

keptargung on holiday
16 Thetwo friends
because
one
wantedto ie on the beacha davwh le the next/
/ latter/ otherwantedto visitoldcastles
and
second
museu
m5.

At tle parryl^etriedto playbotf contemporary

and
oldermusicln orderto satisfy/ meet/ agree/ provide
a I the guests

brouqhtup / across
/ to./ off thesurfare
38 Hisrudeness
a I the angershe had kept hiddeninsideher for
months.

FurtherPractlce
Section
3 9 He hadsuchcharmthat he couldmakeeven/ just /
already/ ratherthe shyestof peoplefeelar ease.

40 Everyone
inourhouse
hastheirproper/ single/ own/
onlyhobbres
andinterests.
4 1 Hedoesnotliketalkingaboutworkw
on / for holiday.

n heisin / at /

the Headteacher
42 After an increase
in bad behaviour,
decided
the schoolneededa new set / kit / mixture/
packof rules
o'tenraises/ causes
/
43 What[o wdt{hon television
leads/ buiidsarouments
in ourhouse.
The weatheris so bad you could be forgiven/
defended
/ permitted
/ allowedfor th nkingthat it
waswinter
his
45 Although/ Still/ Flowever
/ Despitehe passed
withhisgrade
exam,
hewasveryd sappointed
46 "lt woulddo I give/ have/ offeryougoodto get
awayfor a fewdays.
"
47 Hesaidthatgettrng
hisnewjobwasdueto goodluck,

to be in the nghtplaceat
because
hejusthappened
therightseason
/ period/ month/ time.

60 l\4uch of her taent for teaching

stands/ belongs/
bases
/ liesin herabilityto understand
commonfears
andproblems
that herstudents
experience.

you
61 Thisseason
t cketgrants/ allows/ helps/ affords
to useallofthe ovm'sfacilities
al no furthercost
o1

OJ

E.l

for
49 TheTVstations
/ compete
/ oppose
/ pursue
chase
thelargest
number
of viewers.
/ lessened
/ disposed
his
50 He hasneolected
/ declined
stuores
ano. GoubtthaTl'e wi I passLheexam.

you
you canaccess
Nowadays
the lntefnetwhefever
arein theplanet/ wor[d/ earth/ globe.
defln;te
/ sureto seepeople
riding
th+irbicycles

66 Archaeologists
foundremains
of a(n)E.rcient
/ antigue/

years.
old/ pastcitydatingbackseveral
thousand
67 Hewantsto change
hismobilephoneinto/ by / for /
ovefa newonewithinternet
access.

68 Astimeshavechanged
/ tLrrned
/ developed
/ differed,
sohaveattitrldes
iowards
theroleof womenin society.
69 Frozen
foodsareusually
however/ despitei
cheap,
nevertheless/ whereas fresh produceran be quite

exoesNe
70 Nofiratter
howmanygreatrolesheplays
in thefuture,
hewi lalwaysbe associated
/ connecling
/
/ retating
attached
withtheonethatmadehimfamous
7 1 Lookat thewordsovery'above/ upper/ higherand
questions.
thefollowing
ansuer

part-time
regardless
of / evenif yougotanother,
iob.

ca
I'm not too fond/ keen/ eager/ pleasedon class
music.

Thehotelmakesa pientiful/ broad/ considerable

lastingeffortto ensure
that guestsenloytheil stay.

Londonbfamousblacktaxisare a commonlook /
appearance
/ sight/ vrwin tl^esueet.of Lhec ty.

51 We couldnot afforda holidavin soite/ no matter/

hasno placein the

to animais
53 Shebeieves
that crulty
current/ new/ present
/ modernworld.
EA

He tookthe job as a wayol grasping

/ (atching/
gaining
/ raising
useful
experience

you are safe./ confident/

6s lf you visitAmsterdam,

48 Thenaw videoshophasa wide rangeof titlesto

choose
among,/
with/ from/ out.

llike lrsiening
to the radiowhiledoing/ running/
maklnq/ cleaninq
thehousework

/
Companies
havnot beenbehind/ slow/ delayed
bytheInternet.
offered
overdue
to seethebenefits

74 Onceyou haveconfirmed/ consented/ approved/

agreedon a prife,nrakesurethereareno hiddenor
extracharges.
person's
Every
DNAis different,
even/ so / just / su(h
asnotwo finoernrints
arethesame

55 I havedecided
to takeup/ fill out/ 9o through/ pass

byyouroffe oI qoneextralessons

/ roughly/
55 The scheme
is partly/ approximately
relatively
arealrea4/gettingusedto it.
new but people
he couldsee
57 Themanager
because
wasverypleased

76 Hisrudebehauour
is not acceptable
/ Eonverient
/
comfortable
/ rereptivein ourschool
7'l

He managed
to fit hisbagsn quitesimply/ plainly/
clearly
/ easilyeventhoughtherpwaslimitedspace.

eversincethen / all the

that saleswereincreasing
time/ up untilnow/ fromthenon.

78 Tourists
vieitingthe areaare informed/ advised/
noticed/ suggstd
notto drinkthetapwater

58 Talking
to himisas / same,/like/ bothtalkingto a

79 Thesrnkinqof the oil tankerresulted

in a greater/
main/ bigger/ majorenvironmental
disaster

brck wall!

59 I don'twantto pass/ lack/ miss/ losethe next

episode
of thatprogramme

80 Thetheatrewatchers/ spedators
/ crowd./audiEnce
stoodup andcheered
at the endof the ptay.

223

Further Practice
Section
NlultipleChorce
Cloze
Read
thetextsanddecide
- A, B,C or D- bestfitseachspace
whichanswer
at thebegnnrng{0).
{1-l 5).Theres anexample

FBTDEERAIDERS
People
who frequently
wakeup in the0) C olf In(e nfrglnr andareunable
to 1) . . ... a trip to the fridgemayin factb)e su
rffe: rlng froma 2) .....
rnedicaicomplaint,say sclentsts.They r VE 3r) ... biochemical

difierences
in people
whocannot4)
hours5)

tl:h,
te] U tr{s

eat duringth

.. mostof usareasleep.

NightEatingSyndfome.
asit iscalled,
is nota newphenomenon.
In the
1950s,doctorsfoundthat 6) ...... one and twcj percentof people
admittedto regularly
raidng ther fridgesat night.Thenew findings
7) ....."existing
isa 8)
evidence
thatthesyndrome

eatingdisorder

Syn'rptoms
include9) .......no appetitefor breakfast
and eatrngmore
than '10)..-....of the day'stotal foodintakeafter7pm.Sufferers
are
proneto stfess
andhavea 1'l).......to cravefoodswhichare12).......in
carbohydrates,
suchascakes
andcrisps,
13)

thDughthesearethe

14).... nourishing.
fu a resu
t, many
of thernareoverweight
Accord
ng to doctors,
lhereisa d fference th eway that rh-obodies
of
peopiewith Night EatingSyndrome
15)

to cedainnormoneS

connected
withcontrolling
stre55.

centre

B midpoint

avoro

B stop

middle

D helght

restsr
genuine

D oeray
D 5 ncele

produced

D exproreq

^ ^-l

B true

nvented

B discovered

control

c command

wnen

about

which

D rule

while

D wnere

B oelween

arouno

D r0ugnry

nerp

aid

D support

svong

keeping

10
11

senslble

seIou5

strict

B holding

havrn9

ownrng

50m

B most

part

D half

trend

B tendency

fashion

D habit

plenty

B mucn

lot

B yet

0espr-o

D even

14

srnce
few

less

D little

t5

defend

return

D react

13

224

B least

reply

h sh

Further
Prastice
5ection

The Montessori Method

From
thernoment
we0) B born.westartlearnina
abouttheworld1). .....us.
Welear.,l
a qteatdealoFthngsovere very2)

,, perod ol'ri.fe ard tl'is

forms
thefoundation
3).......
al ourfuturelearning.4)
.......totheageof
sx,
we are extremeiy
sensitive
and we developthe importantskillsthat will
prepareus for 5) .... lfe. Therefore,
it rsvery firportantto havea good
preschoo
programme
hand-eye
6) . . .. helps
ustodevelop
co-ordinetion
and
problem-solvinq
abllltles,
aswe asexposing
usto a 7) ..., varrety
of stimuli
andraatefla
5.
8) ......a programme,
whlchhelpschildren
to
MariaMontessori
developed
TheMontessori
asit ls
9) .......theirintelligeflce
andindependence.
N4ethod,

practical
astivities,
whichstimulate
thesenses
of touch
10)... . , combines
Fnt actrvrtB5.
develop.f
The
and sflell, \,!'th rfdthemat
cal and 'angr,age

to choose
whichactivity
to 12)......n and
children
arecorxplptely
11).,.....
Thls13) .. . to
when,thusencouraging
self-confidence
dndindependence
of youngchildren,
asit involves
teachinq
isverypopular
with14).....-parents
irrpoddnL
lea-rrng
wrrcr .Jses
a . tnpsenses
15).......Lhose
ear'yyedrs.

0A

is

B are

LOe

D were

1 A

against

B among

C around

D along

2 A

short

B srfall

c lirtle

D tiny

3A

of

B to

C with

Do n

4 A

Above

ts UVET

C Near

DUF

5 A

after

B next

C fater

D older

6 A what

B when

C which

D who

7 A

brcad

B far

C rich

D wide

8A

so

B su{h

C quite

D many

9 A

expand

E iRcrease

C develop

D improve

t0 A

known

B c:lled

C tii ed

D branded

l1 A

open

B free

C able

D al owed

12 A

p ay

B do

C participate

D take

13 A

way

B slstem

14 A

ots

B rnany

C rnuch

D plenty

15 A

during

B while

Ca t

D for

D methcd

225

Further
Practice
Sectron
c
Colour,
although
onlya sma| 0) B of ourcommunicaton
piaysa largerole.Whether
youaredesigning
system.
Web1) ...... ,
yourkitchen,
your2) .. .. of colours
buyinqclothes
or decorating
senosa
definite
message
to otherpeople,
aftdtheywillrespond
to it n a 3) ......way.
Every
colourhasa different
4),. . . on people.
andthe practice
of cerrect
colourselectionisadelicate5).......Tofurthercomplicaternatters,theeffects
of colours
change,
chtsnge.
astimesandfashions
Certain
colours
alsomeandiflerent
thingsin different
cultures.
Forexample,
in
the UnitedStates,blueisthoughtta be a relaxing
colour.Testsreve+lthat the
colourblue6)-......bloodpressure,
calmsviewers
and givesthema senseof
7)... .

h MiddleEastern
countries,
howeve4blue is believed
to be a
protective
colour
andpeople
8) ...... theirfrontdoorsblueto wardoff9) , ,,. ,
spirits.

paftoFhowweseetheworld.Inwe$ern
coiourcommunication
;sanessential
societies,
we knowthata Jester
andplalul because
iscomical
he 10).._..
" in
brightred,green,blueandyellowThecolourblack,however,
is l1) . .....with
boredom
or evil.andwhitewith purityandlight"Thecolourorangeisfiiendly,
relaxing
andpeaceful,
12) . ... yellowis a happycolouTResearcfr
whereas
judgement
1 3 ) . . . ... that all humanbeingsmakea subconsclous
abouta

person
oritemwithn thefirst90seconds
of 14).,...it,and52%to90%ofthatassessmentistF),-...
oncolour
alone.

A poftion

B pan

piece

D factor

A co\/ers

B papers

pdgtr5

D sheets

A choice

C decisron

D pi c k

A separate

B certain

C c ear

A idea

B Sense

C torce

D obvious
D effect

A method

B talent

C art

D ability

A lowers
A caution

D lessens

B secunty

C sinks
C guarantee

!l

opton

l-^ ^ -

D defence

A shade

B decorate

C coat

D paint

A rTrean

B evrl

C cruel

D wicked

B clothes
B matched

C dresses
C jorned

B powerful

C oud

B displays

C shows

D
D
D
D

1 4 A viewing

B seeing

C watching

D looking

1 5 A e5tablished

B construsted

C based

D balanced

1 0 A outflts
1l

A asso{iated

1Z A strong
l3

l_26

A exhibhs

wears
grouped
bright
uncovers

Further
Practice
Section
OpenCloze
(l -15).UseonlyONEWORD
foreachspace.
There
isan
Read
thetextsandthinkof thewordwhrchbestfts eachspace
(0).
at thebeginning
example

workonly
depressd
andlow-spltited
at work?Although
manypeople
Woud yous3ythatyouare0) a happyworker.or usually
areothers
whoreally
lovewhattheydo.
because
theyhave
to, 1)............
thatthebestpart2)
Ofcourse,
a lotof employees
believe

...-...theirjob
isthepay(heque.
People
3I ...,.........-..,

to 4) ............
........thingswhichthey'renot verygood
natu|ally
hatetheiriobsif theyfeelthattheyareforced
people
arein
don'tlikedoing.
lt isobvious
that,5),....,.......................
extreme
cases,
such
5)......."....
, orwhichtheysimply
jobsituation
yourpresent
however,
thatyoushould
measures
to improve
thewrongcareer.
Mostrxpeftsagree,
4
job.
youthinkdbouta complete
in search
change
of direction
of theperfect
8) .............................
Thereare3 numberof pointsl0)
. . do youknowif youarein theriqhtcareer?
... youusetheskilsandtalents
that 12),....
takenintoconsideration.
Flrstly,
11)
5o.9) . . ..

shor.Lld
be

enjoythemost?
whattheydo13).....-...-............-...-.
aremoremotivated
to workhard"
andtheyfeel
a living
Studies
showthatpeople
whotrulyenjoy
In other 14)
a greatersenseof accomplishment.
, I you havea pas$o'rfor whal yo. do. yodrjob witl
andpenonal
satisfaction.
15)...................
. youbothprofessional

B
Inthe past,theyhad0) no needto distinguish
haveno namefor themselves
asa raceof people.
In theirownlanguage,
Bushmen
1),,...... . .. . . ... ....the Atlantlc
to the
s ncetheywerethe onlyinhabltants
of an areastfetchrng
themselves
fromotherpeople,
past,butthereisno recordof theirhistory2)
Indianocoan.Theyhaveanancient

fortheirwonderful
rockpaintings

of years
of
Manyof thesearestiI clearanddetailed,
3)..,,"
... . afterthousands
of animals,
andhunters.
dancers
palntings
boatsand
area fewmorerecent
4) .... ......-..............
exposed
to thesun,windandrain.There
colonists
arrivnginAfrica.
horsemen,
with5)............................
flrstEuropean
evidence
of contact
landed
ontheshores
of Southern
Africaaboutthreehundred
andfiftyyears
8)..
farmeru'
livestock,
"Bushmen".
wereseene)
called
themsimply
The[1tle huntets
of themwerekrlled,
andtheremarn
ng Bushmen
12)
andtreated
Huge1l)
likewildanmals.

Thecolonists,
7)

driven
homtheandtfut 13)..........

always
been
thei6.

thousandBushmen
alivetodav.and 14)..
Ther
e are only aboul eiqhtv-five

...

is worse,their cultuleis

1s),

for more
completely.
Thelastconnectrons
witha wayof lifewhichremained
unchanged
dangerof d sappearing
years
than10,000
maysoonbegoneforever.

221

Further
Praciice
Section

Thinking
of gerrtng awayfrom0) t al? Well,youneedlooknofurther!
oneof Hawaii'5larqest
islands.
Take
a tripto fulaui,
You' finda
place
whichis l)
that it wi I makeyouwantto stay?)
. . wonderful
........forever
njoytheunbelievable
y 3)
beaui

makes
thisHawaiian
sland
sotemarkable.
Withthewiderange
lvaui
of aclivities

thererssomelhi
offers,
ns4)
Sutteveryone's
tastes.
Youcanlustreiax
ononeof themany
secudedbeaches
whle
you5)
youcanenloysnorkelling
a goodbook.lf youprefer.
anddivingexpeditions
5i
. ......,,youhave
the chanceto exploreunderwater
caves.
Afterwards,
whynot set i)

on a breathtaktftg
horseback
ride
, youcanhikethrougha truly

8 ) . . . ......... . the white,sandycoast?lf you'rethe adventurous

9)

extraordinary
votcantc
crater,
10)
aftractions
11)

go on naturewalksthrouqhlushrarnfores
ts.Araong
Mau'smanynatura

itswaterfals,
emptling
lntodeeppools
whichareperfe.t12)

Thelocalpeop
te areveryfriendlyandwelcorning,
andtheytakegreatprde1
MauiIong14)

......
a trdnquil
swim
theirhistory
andland.lf youstayon

. youdresLretOsharesomeof thedeeploVEtheyl5)

. ... fortheilisandhome.

Fashion

Therewasa time,notIonrgago.0)whenurban
fashion
didn'tsist. Back
me;ntexpensive
then,'fashior-r'
desiqner
oulfitswhich

r)

tne eryr cn couldafford.Although

theclothes
wereusually
2)
designed

mademainy forwomen,and3)

........
wasverylittleinterest
4)

men.theywere

menswear.

Now all that has changedYoungpeoplenowadays

wearcomfortab
andaTordable
cloll.esLhaIhaveoflen
e, oractical
s).........
... . . designedby somebodyyoung.Takng new ideasg
the streets,
the fashionindulrry

7)..........
......... . now busly supplying
tfainersand 'hoodies'
- 8)
sweatshirts
- that is, rargecQmf0rtable
youthculture.
bothboysandgirs in today's
9),..................
... slarted
thistrendwasthatsurfers
in Calif
otna wantedcomfortrable
c othingto wearon the beach.
Spoftswedr
rnanufacturers
andQuicksilver.
suchasStossy
for 10)
'surflook',
li)
. developed
whichspreadquicklythroughout
America
and Europe.
Thencamethe boom12)
... extreme
sportssuchas
skateboarding
andsnowboarding,
andthe popularity
13).......

warm,baggyc othingincreased
loose.

plentyof peoplehapprly
wearng the latestsportyurbanfashion
neverdo 14)

sporrar a l, just

mostpeople
whoweartratnIs
never
go neara sDorts
centre.
lt doesn'traatter.
t hough- urDanfashion
has
the worldl

128

Further
Practice
Section

ODER

LIVING

inthewaywe lveconcerns
1).............................
weeatOverthelastfortyyean.0) oneof themajorchanges
As2) .....

4l

foreign
travel3) ..
...encou'aged
usto e\periment
asthefactthatwe havela'gerrncomes,
a taste5)
erotrcflavourq.
our cooking.As a result,ordinarypeoplehavedeveloped
frlledther sheLves
previously
produred
goodsnowstockCarrbbean
vegetables,
wrrl'onlylorally

Supermarkets,
O
socesfromlndraand7l

. Chinese
beerl

partof
healthry
nowadays,
foodsluffs
havebecome
eating8) .
solow-fat,low-calorie
Theres alsoa trendtowards
predict
ison9),. .
.. rise,too.Government
Andvegetarianism
surveys
thatonein threeof
ourweekly
shopping
basket.
bytheendofthepresent
decade
usl0).........................-...
beavegetarian
Strange
as it mayseem,11)...............................
, the fact that we now knowmorethaneverbeforeaboutwhat we
made
usanyhealthier
ln 13).....
12).............
............eathasnotactually
surveys
showthata I of usare
, theatest
'14).............................
getlingfatterandsome,
tenagers.are
of becorning
clinically
we only
especially
danger
obeself thishappens,
have15).............-..............
to blame.

ffisderx*

a live-innanny,looking1) .............................
otherpeople's
children
when
What0) makesa modernyounggirldecideto become
the narentsarebothat work?

arepaid2) .., .... ..............qualiied

staff,sincedeffiand
ishigher
Ongreatncentive
rsthathighsalaries
holrdays
in
4)-.........
areothrperks.
Mobilephones,
a carandluxurious
supply.
Aswellasexcellent
accommodation,
..offered
to attracta potential
Togetall6).....-.,..
.........
employee.
, youneedto
havecompleted
isedtwo-yeaftrainingcourseat a recognised
colege,and yau haveto providereferen(es
a specia
exotic
locations
mayall5)
4 .. ... ... ..

..... former
andteachers.
employers

Thejob alsohasitsdisadvantages,
of 8) ...

to
Live-in
do not workfixedhoursandareoftenrequired
nannies

....givenanywaroing.
Thiscanprevent
them10)..................
........ enloying
a regular
social
..,,..
baby-sit
without9).......,.........
..,,...,..a lonely!ob.Staying
in a huge
life,and havingto livein meafts[essindependence
In addrtion,
it can11)
andglamourous,
.......in reality
12)....................
suchplaces
areoftenremoteanda nanny
country
cottagemaysoundappealing

herownageWorstof 14)
wiilbefar13)......
frompeople
..............-...-..
thatshelookslikeMaryPoppins
sooLd-fashioned
I
15).............................
a r.lniform

mayaskherto
. some'ussyemployer

229

Practice
Further
Section
KeyWordTransformation
Cornplete
thesecond
sothat t hasa simlarmeaning
lhewordgiven.
DONOT
sentence
to thefirstsentence,
using
CHANGE
THEWORD
Youmustusebetween
GIVEN
twoandfivewords.includinq
thewordqiven.
1 Mvsister
rstooshortto bea fashion
model.
not

14 sheisn'trepainting
thekitchen
untI Monday.

My sister

being

Thekit.her

to bea fashion
mode.
2 Annwastheonlyonewhodidn'tenjoytheperformance.
apart
Everyone

Ann.

....

untillvlondav.

15 lt wasn'teasyfor ijsto peBuade

himto come.
difficulty We
himto come.
'16 Thereprsbably
wor't beanyrainthisweekend.

than I hadexpected.
3 N,4y
Physcstestwaseasier

test
MyPhysics

unlikely lt s

lhadexpec'ted.

anyrainthrsweekend.

youwerehungry
4 I expect
eatenallday
afternot having
been
You.., ...,....
eatenal day.
afternothaving

to deliver
thecakes
ontime.
t7 lt'sBob'sresponsibil;ty
resoonsible
Bob.

5 Thebagiscompletely
empty.
lft
There

in hisnotebook
lE Hewrotedcwntheaddress
note
He
thedddress
rnhrsnotebook.

bag.

. . . . .... t ne{ ake s0 nr t m e .

5 Thepriceo'tre nealincl:des
des:ert.
t5
Thedessert
prceof themeal.

19 Thelastt memysistercaledmewasa monthago.

h e a rd
1.................,....
...myqister
in a month.

7 Bil isn'tusualy in a badmood.

like
It 15

lookexactlythEsarneto rnp.
20 Thesetwo paintings
tell
between
thesetwo paintings.

in a badmood.
thepicnrc.
8 lt wasraining
sotheycancelled

owing

Thepicnc
. ran.

21 | haveto cleanuDthestLdiobeforeI canleave.

lcan
until
cleaned
up thestudio.
22 Wouldrrouriind f I tLrnedon the radio?
Wouldyor
to

onaSaro
tcoutooorrownercarpermission
Fiona
oorrownercar

plans
10 Peterdoesn't
oftencan(El

the radio?

2l

u n u s u a l l t i s .... ...
pran5.

yet
to myquestron
I haven'thadan aFswer
tam
still
enanswer
to myquest
on.

11 lt mightgetchilytonight,
sotakeyourjacket.
case
TakeyourJacket
ch ly tonight

oncebefore.
24 l'veonlvbeento Paris
Thisrsonlythe
time

1? A isonwouldrathernotoooutto dinner
withus,
feel
Alison

thatyouallowmeto talkto h m.
25 | suggest
wl-y ..
let

to Paris,

talkto him?

.. .....oJt to dr'rnpr
wrlh L,s

eaqy'.
26 '1es alway!'ourd Phlsics

13 Everuone
leftexceotfor [,4ike.
exceptionw th

good
left.

23 0

Hes

Physrrs.

Further
Practice
Section
27 Hespentthewholeri,orning
studyrng.
but
He
thewholemorning.

41 "Haveyor.J
seenmykeys?"he asked.
seen
Heaskedrne
. .......hiskeys.

28 Annwasdetermined
to payfor lunch.
insisted Ann

42 Theysaidthatwe hadto learnSpanish.

made
They .
. a n ish .
. . . . .. . . . -. . . .Sp

29 Jil denied
cheatio in theexdm.
had
.lillsaid

43 Theyaregoinqto demolish
tomorrow.
theoldfactory
pulled
Theoldfaaorvis
theexam

romotrow.

of thickfog
30 t he planewasunable
to Lakeoff beciuse
preventedTh,ckfog
off.

vounusl.do e$ctlydssherellsyocarry
Youmust
instruCrions
exacty.

31 Lohnwouldrarl'ernorgo swmningtoday.
feel

45 lt wasn'tfairto punrsh
hrm.
deserve

JOnn

He

punished.

swimming
today.
32 Krmis notusually
rude,
like
It rs
rude.
roads
wereverycy.
33 Hecouldn't
drivesafely
becausethe
too
lne roaoswere
drivesafely.

34 Heasked
melow mr(hI paidrormywarch.
cost
Hewantedto knowhow

46 I'd rarheryoudrdr''tplaythar.music
soloJd
mind
Wouldyou
...thatmusic
soioud?
47 "Don'topenthedoor,Suel"
saidMrBrown.
not
l\4rBrown
the door.

gohomenow
Weshould
time

lt
nome.

Jl

49 ygr.mrghtfeelt\rrsty,so tdkesome\toater.
case
Tahesomewater

tnevsnolro DenereDvnoon.
rrrivarl

Tha',

thirsty.

h,, d^^^

hisrame.
50 Heturnedrorndonlyaftertreycalled
until
He

35 Marvisn'tallowed
to stavout late.
parents
let
lV6ry's
out late.
37 Theearthquake
ledLotheho,rse
berngdemorsl'ed
result
Thehousehadto
n F th c p :r th n r

:lr c

38 lcan'tliftthisbagbecause
it isso heavy.
me
Thisbag

ro lift.
39 lcan'tbelieve
that isthebstthevcando!
better
Theymustbeable
thatl
I'mceftarn
hedidn'twritethereoofthimself
have
H e.........
.
thereporthimself

hisn a m e .
. . . . . . . ...t heyc al led

51 lf I had'e{ta mor.entlate'.l'd haver.rissed

thebus
tn
th a h' r<

52 He'sDroud
of hischildren
s achievements.
pride
He
hischildren's
achievements
53 5hehasnevercooked
mea mealbefore
lt ' s . . . . . . . . . . .
t ime
....cooked
mea ned.
54 Theyseemto be having
sorreproblems.
seems
lt
someproEremS.

231

Further
Practice
Section
lf I finishworkearly,
l'llgoro the party.
untess
I won'tgo to the pany

Dll

early
56 Shehassucnongnarrtnarrt laKesneraqesto orvtt
50

Her
...... ....lr ra(esnerages
ro oryrt

Thecifiernawaspracticdlly
ernpty
hardly
There

HeFindsir naroto worklateat night,

It
easy
to worklateat nrght.

69 Theydiscussed
what10do at theirannual
meeting
discussionTheyhad

doat theirannual
meet;ng.

.....Th ec i ' 1ema

played
the teacher
usa song
At theendof the lesson
finished
usd song.

58 We've
alwa\,s
admrred
ourEnglshteacher
looked
ourEnglish
teacher

the badweather
Thematchwashelddespite
tooK
Thematch
weather
wasbad,

59 Shedoesn't
IStento anyone
butJane.
only
Ja n e

72 People
saythatsurfingts drffrcult.
supposedSurflng

listens
to.
60 Heregrets
havrng|d to hisparents.
wishes
HE
.... .. hisparenG
thetruth.

61 Hedescribed
to ust/lhathisnewflatwaslke.

... .. difficult.

won'tbeprornoted.
73 Sheceftainlv
chance shehas
........promoted.
Heworksnearthe newpostoffice.
Thenewpostoffice
far

descriptionHegave
hisnew fat.
o1

bl

o4

Brianis boundto pass

hisexams.
doubt
There's
pdss
. .......hisexams.

istoo smallf o ra lmy c lo t h e s .

75 Thissuitcase
e ougn Thlssuitcase

ThemovieSrartsalways
recognised
wherever
shegoes.
avoid
T h emovre
Srar
......wherever
shegoes.

on my worK.
76 I foundit difficultto concentrate
trouble
myworK.

people
5everal
cam
t o visrtherrnhospta ,
visitors
5he
wasin hospital.

55 Theony thinghedidn'tbuywasmilk.
apErt
Hebought
nilk
66 Theboy nextdooralways
delruers
mygroceries.

have

bythe boynert door

67 ld id n 'tb u ythestereo,
it wassoexoensNe.
because

such

It was
I didn'tbuyit.

232

heworks.

forallmyclothes.

norhavinggoneto university.
5heregrets
wishes She
t unrversity.

78 CouldyoulookaftermybabywhileI do theshopping?
care
Woud youmind
whieI do rheshopp.ng)

swimaswellasMary.
79 Stephanie
doesn't
swimmerMary. ..
Stephan
ie
80 It'snot rnyfaultyouwerelatefor work.
Youcan't
htame
......lateforwork.

Section
Further
Practice
Error
Conection

Readthe sentences
below;ndwlte the wordwhich:houldNOTbe tlere in the spa(eat the endof eachline.

.l

Forassucha goodcook,hedoesn'tmakeverygooddeSSertS.
sheI win f100.
lf herphotograph
d gets':hosen
la5tweek
3 Helen
dida sogoodiob in herexains
paper
upont me.
to flnishhel research
Tracy
workedharda I mornrng
canaffecton the mageofanentremagazin.
5 A badlywrittenarticle
to beat worRonttme.
thatwhy t's imPortant
6 Hedoesnt understand
7 Brettwasverymuchangrywhenhe foundout Molyhadltedto htm
over'/'ieight
at a youngage
whoeatsucha lot of fasttoodthattheybcome
8 Somechildren
is fasterthanbythe bus
9 Thelra n to Reading
10 Bytheway.| rcaly ikeof yournewhairstyle
11 TeI himthenewswhenvouwillseehim
12 Makesureyoucal[mewhenyolrgetto horne
on top of applep e.
icecream,
espeoally
13 I realyI kethevanilla
it wasunfailthenyoushouldcomplain.
14 It voufeelthat herdecision
hecouldjoinwithuson ourtripthisweekend
15 I to d l-4ark
16 lf youneedto anythng else,let meknow
to a folegn country.
'veneverbeenvisited
yesterday.
withmyslster
t8 I wentforshopping
afterI f nishthe schoo
19 I hopto go to university
penfriend
withmewh le sheis beng here.
s staying
20 l\,4y
French
z 1 d liketo orderanotheroI salad,p ease.
theiensI hadexpected
2 2 There
weren'tasmanyof people
2 3 Heneveradmitsheis in wrong,evenwhenhe'smadean obvousmistake
everyday.
24 Doctors
sayyor-tshoulddo someformof the exerctse
t5
l'mtryinqto saveup enoughmoneyforto buya newcar.
it track
thenyoushoud retrrrn
26 lf theiacketdoesn'tfit properly.
in ihe ocalnwspaper'
z7 shewroteaoarticfethatrt waspublished
to homeaftermyEngishlesson.
28 I mustqo strdight
.rlght
to savushownuch51gqr.oyedou' parr/lasl
29 5neol-oned
livernusc
I realy enjoyplaying
l0 I joinedup a bandbecause
hadupsether.
31 Marvto d to lim thathisremarks
32 Afteraboutan hour,the breadwillbe readymadeto takeoutof theoven
ll
I askedmybosslor halfof anhorlroff work.
mattel
34 It'snot wofihto wonyng aboutsurhan unlmportant
a partyon Saturday?
35 Whyd dn'tyoutell heraboutthatwe'rehaving
I'm notsurewhatisto do for mybrothefsb rthday
50
andmuslcians
wholivingn NewYork
artlsts
37 Therearelotsof wel-known
at thatcolegefor manyof years.
38 She'sbeentearhinq
yearsbeforenow
39 Hehasbeendoingthesamejobfor several
it
40 Mytelephon
numberisveryeasyto remember
wilh you!
41 I havetomofiowdayoff work,soI cango to the bach
42 I don'tthinksothathew ll comP.
AA
My mothertoldto methatI musthelpherw th thehousework
trrpwith allthern
askedif lwouldlikPto go on a bicycle
44 My friends
45 Themealwhichwassoawfuthatwe !:oudn'teat t.
we go to thecinema.
46 Let'sgetsomethrng
forto eatbefore
lwokeLIPate.
gettingmytrainbecause
47 I missed
it wassofaraway
4B I hardlycouldn'tseeihe scfeeflverywellbecause

233

FurtherPractice
Section
wherehewasgoing.
He eft fromthe house
withouttellinganyone
don'thesitate
lf theres aflything
I cando foryou,please
to askit.
therestofyourmeal
Youcan'thaveanydessert
unti youwillfinrsh
I tooka bookwithmeln casethatI hadto wa t a longtime.
qualrfied.
to findinga jobif youaresuitably
53 Youwon'thaveanydrffrcLrlty
in thearea.
areseveraI
54 Thpre
of beautrfuplaces
55 Godownthisroaduntilyouhavegetto the neKtcorner.
andthenturnleft
56 TheoffrcewhereI workat is notvervfar fromthe citvcentre.
57 I rnustqet homebys x o'clock,so I hadbetterto leavenow
58 It isn'ta goodrdeato walkthroughtheparkon yourownselfaftermidnight.
n towntheyofferverycheap
59 Manyofthetravel
agencies
flightsatthis
timeof year.
thevhave{omputerabswherestudents
cansurfthe nlerner.
60 Mostschools
61 "lt'stimefor youwentto bed," sheto d herchildren.
thdnto travelalone.
62 t'smuchmorefunto go on hoidaywiththefriends
53 Hewasswamto theothersideol thepoolin lessthanthreeminutes
64 Thereweresixshoftflms shownat thepartythatwe a I enioyed
them.
thatI btingup mypainting
to schoo
65 I\4yteacher
suggested
66 wantto havethe repotbe readynextweek.
toldmethatI wasthejustfightperson
67 At the interviw,
the r'r.nager
forthelob.
aboutfor two weeks.
68 l'd liketc go andvrsitmysisterin London
youhereaftersucha longtime.
It'sa bitof strange
seeing
youwill go on holiday,
makesureyoutakelotsof pictures!
70 Wherever
sincehecamebackfromholiday.
He'sbeenmuchthemorerelaxed
72 Thebcok havelustfinished
reading
whichwassosadthat I actually
cred al theend.
sowe canmakea pie.
t3 We'vegotp entyof apples
enough,
t4 Youmustto do asyouhavebeeninsfiLtcted.
't5 It'sa too longwayto walkto thenearest
supermarket.
16 Thecarhedrives
isthesamelikeastheonewe havegot.
77 amI kemyjob somuchthatI can'tthinkof anywhere
elseI'dliketo work.
butshedidn'twantto.
78 I askedherto comealsow th usto thecinema.
79 I iketo readbooksratherthanwatchon te evlsion.
soI hadto returnbackhometo getit.
80 I reaised'd folgottento bringmypurse,
81 Plese
turnoff theI ghtswhenyouleavefromthe room.
reallv
suitsforher
82 ldon't thinkEmma's
dress
83 It iseasyto do wellatschoolasif youputyourm ndto t.
exceilent
reviews
in alllhene\tospapers.
84 Thebookthathehadwrlttenbyreceivsd
got muchof rnoney
to lendyou
85 l'm alraidI haven't
85 Sheinsisted
on thatshewouldtakethetrainto York.
87 l'mverymuchtrred,soI'mgolngto go to bed.
88 I dofl'tthrnksothatyou'I beableto findanyshops
openat thistirne
89 Thisf lflrisjustI keastheonewe sawlastweek.
90 Youshouldletmeto know]f youwantanyhelpwithyoufpraject.
thoughof the factswereobvious,
shensisted
on asking
9l Even
everyone
fortherropinion.
a weekin advance.
for a tableat therestaurant
92 I hadto reserve
for meto understand.
93 Thiscomputer
manual
isfartoo muchcomplicaled
sincethata lot of peDpe wantto liveher
94 Rentin thiscityisveryexpensive,
95 You'dbetterweara scarfaswellasa coat1oo96 My ho|daywasnotthatlongenoughformeto do al I wanted
97 Wherewouldyou keto go for eatlunch?'
98 I wentout withfr endslastnight,andwe hada suchgreattime.
placeto stayat whenwe go on holiday.
a perfect
cs Myfriendhasrecommended
100 l'venever
heardsurha strange
musicbefore.

49
50
51
52

734

49
50
5l
52
54
55
56
57
f.'

59
60
ol

62
bJ

64
tr5

66
oo

69

71
-t1

73
74
IJ

76

78
80
8l

82
83

85
Ito

87
88
89

90
91
o7

93
94
95
96
Y6
Y9

100

Further
Practice
Section
notbe
putatick(./) f it hasa wordthatshould
ateachllne.lf thelineiscorrect,
Read
thetextsbelowandlookcarefully
(0and00).
there,wrltethiswordontheline.asin theexamples
A
SELUNG
YOUR
HOUSE
findit sodiffculttosellthet house,
0 Whyd0somegipeople
of it going
manage
lo dothswithn hoLrs
00 wtrileotherpeople
howlittleyou
1 onthetalema*et?Youmlghtbesurprised
to buyyourh0u5e.
havlo dot0 persuade
someone
count.A well-kept
thattheftrstimpresions
3 Alwawremember
garden
painted
apostive
andafreshly
doorwiI to cteate
junktnthgaroen
andmany
5 aIrn0qpnerE,whilea fulldustbin
0fthe
b
willputpossible
off t Maketuretheinside
buyers
youl
anddoil'tleave
7 house
willgives
thefeeingof space,
boahand
lyingarcundH;ngupclothettidyaway
I clothes
inthesink.
leave
a pileofd rtyplates
I newspapers.
andnever
fishorcurry
cookinq
l0 Scnt
issurhimportant,
too.Avord
butthearorna
offtesh
r1 beioresomeone
thehouse,
isviews
therighteffect
12 coffee
doescreates
ornen4y
baked
bread
atmosphere.
willgivea cosier
1l Akosoftightrng
wth lamps
you
betwn
likethese
14 Touches
arecouldbethediffetence
atall.Good
luck!
a qlicksaleof nosale
15 making

of

WORXING
MUMS
wrehousewives
who
6onearetheda!6when mostwomen
(hrldren
stayed
athome
torasetheir
arrd
takecare
oftheir
joined
the
husbands,
Nowadays.
themorema1onty
of themhave
andatwork.There
are
workforce,
tryingt0lucceed
bothat home
moreopportunities
forwomert
whctheyaredetefmiied
ce(dinly
that
tohavp
succssful
careers.
Howvel
every
experts
claim
[]kely
pre+chool
whos
workfull-time
a[eless
children
mothers
threisandanincrpas
n the
t0 do!,lelinschoollnaddilion,
inlaterlife.
thatthese
children
haveexperience
arnolntofstress
suffer
thesame
Chldren
whose
mothers
onlyworkForpirt-time
These
findngs
harfifueffects,
although
notasdramatically
it maynotbea goodideaformothers
of soyoung
suggest
someof
chldrentotakeonsomeobs.0n theoneotherhand,
themhalenoLholLe.
De{aule
00rn0na(Kt0 wol( 5 af ec0n0rnK
it could
beformore
0npossible
sotution
necesrty
forthem,
workers.
sothatflothers
can
comoanies
to hireDart-time
t me
suc(essfu
lvto faise
a famlvandhaved careef
atthe5ame
B

00
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
t!

c
U

JOB
iIY FIBTT
jobwasasa paper-gir
forthel.4leekly
N4y
{irstownofficial

the

own

years
od atthe
00 Globe
in Enqland.
lwasnotquitethirteen
,l
I stdrted
work,hdving
t me I remember
thefrst morninq
In
t0theilvaftous
house5
2 to deliver
about!xtv new5Faoer5
inthe
3 ourneiohbourhood.
Whenlstaftedatsixo'cl0ck
815,int meto dashoff
andfinished
alaround
mornrng
walkfromthehome,
5 l0 school.
whrrhwa5a twenty-minute

to
thathedecided
6 Myfather
wassoproud
of myprogress
bicycle,
whichcutoutmyworkload
buymeasecond-hend
at thejob,t00.
lesson.s
I inhalf.I tearneo
a fewof imoortant
weren't
lf theitpape6
I
waspunctualit]
The[r:t esson
to theshop
ratou
d lelephon
10 divered
ontifire,cLrstorners
about
lleatned
concerned
t l andcomolain.
Another
lesson
wrepleased
customers
1Z rustornel
seft(e.When
leqr,llar
tipsandplsents
13 withmywork,
to megenerous
theygave
rnoney,
14 atChristmas
howto handle
Fnally,lIeamed
to ne evgr5nce.
15 somEthing
thatit hasbeen
invaluable

23s

Section
FurtherPractice

WordFornnation

Corn0eteeachsentence
with the correctwordderived
fromthewordin captalsfollowng rneSenrnc.

painkiler
1 A strong
wayof gettingridof a heada{he. ETTEL I
lsthe most
y'oJ'optio'r5
CARE
Youshouidconsrder
beforer"akng a oecston.
youth
offersummer
ptograms.
enrichment
ORGANISE
3 N4any
4
MAJOR
Themayorwonbyanoverwhelmlng
..,.in lastweek's
elections.
manyoflheir
5 Thtwocountries
haveovercome
. ...-..... dlffrences.
CULTURE
o Everyone
shoud h:vebasic
of firstaidprocedufes.
KNOW
COMPETE
7 The
.... . winnerwillspendtwo weeksin France.
. . ... overtheyearshaEhepdusbujlda goodfriendship
CORRE5POND
u Our... . . .
.. .. . to protect
theenvironment.
1 isour . ...
OBLI6E
isorganising
1 0 The...................... committee
a spring
ENTERTAIN
carnival.
you'horizons
BROAD
1 1 EdJcatio'r
canrelp..
1 2 ThesLrdden
.. ... . ... of thetravelagency
leftmanypeople
CLOSE
stranded
abroad
13 Recentstatstcsshowthat.-.
.... isunfortu
EMPLOY
nately
ontheriseagain.
14 A grantwasgivenforthe
of a newspodsfa(ility.
CONSTRUCT
15 Hew ll beleaving
........ fora busness
SHORT
......
tripoverseas
to Thepolice
... .. aboutthearrestthismorning.
madean..
ANNOUNCE
1 7 A new. ....
...campaign
steftedyestcrday
ADVERTI5E
..
to promote
recycling
18 Unfortunately,
shewasn't........ . .
. anddidn'tgetthejob.
QUALITY
10
to runforofficenextyear
INTEND
t ishis.....
,.. ........
RECENT
20 Srientists
have
drscovered
Enother
planetn ourgalaxy.
. .. . . abouttheirtripto thezoo.
ENTHUSIA5M
z 1 Thechildren
werevery. ..
22 Even
thoughsimofiwasvery
WEATTH
, hewasnota happyman.
t5
bookhasalreadv
LATE
DavidJenklns'
become
a bestseller.
to oureconomic
probems.
24 Weneedto finda
SOLVE
GROW
25 .iane's
daughtef
hada sudden
spurtwhenshestartedschool.
26 Mymother's
.........
hasbeena Ereat
helpin mylife.
ENCOURAGE
veryeasyto finda taxiin thiscity
NORMAL
It is .. ...... .. ..
its
APPEAR
28 Pantingtheexteror of thehousemproved
tmmenSety.
ing bytrainrsfar moie
. ... .. thantravelling
29 Travel
COMFORT
by bus
benefltboth(ompanies.
HO P E
30 Thedersionwlll
anissue
of great
IMPORT
3 1 Safety
in iheworkplace
hasbecome
tz
....lkelvthatwewillseemanlandonMars
EXTREME
It is. .... ....,.
]nthenearfuture
33 It issadthatsomanyolderpeople
areafraidand
society.LONE
..,....in today's
A A Beinq
very
.........
w th top honours
, hegraduated
at a veryyoungage. AI\4BITION
..........
places.
35 Asan nternational
. ......................
JOURNAL
, hegetsto travel
to manyexotic
to sellthebuslness
afteral theseyears
DECIDE
36 Their. ......
wasverydrfficult
paidactresses
3J Sheisoneof themost....................
HI G H
in theword.
successful
career
INCRED
IBLE
lordanhadan .. .. .
andbecarne
vervfamous
anti6w th great
AMUSE
39 Wewatched
thpclown's
...... ... to puta sllver
LUCK
40 somepeople
considef
it
coininyourshce.
..
.. whentheirmother
41 Therhildren
c apped....
outthedessert. HAPPY
brouEht
... berame
apparent
ABLE
Hismusica
whenhewasquiteyoung.
thediscuss
CONCERN
43 Asfarasshewas
on wasc osed.
grades
II\4PROVE
M John's
werepoorat frrst,butsho!4/ed
50me
by haf tetm
45
The
Th eiu
.... . . . . . .Dy
by
. . .boDing
APPROVE
eudience
d rence
showed
sh
owed
their
th
eir .
boDingt heac t ors .
..to N4any
nowusetheEuroastheirofficial
EUROPE
.... ......
. ....countries
currency.
SUIT
47 Nerhigh-heeled
shoes
wereqLite
forthe rockyroad
PERFORM
48 ats.. .. .........
..
asrlaTletwasa l-ugeslrcess.
J U DG E
.. .. ....ofthe situatlon
49 Theirtearible
resLlted
in disasrer
HEATTH
fora .....................
50 Regular
exercise
andcorrect
dietareessential
...."...........
lfestyte.
CONFUSE
fl
Hismisleadinq
statements
leadto ...,.....
..........
.. among
thevoters.
ACT
> t Thefirefiqhters
................
assoonasthealarmsounded.
movedinto

736

Further
Practice
Section
thedisease.
CLEAR
years
Despite
of research,
it isstill..................
............
.... whatcauses
productron
costs.
RELATE
in
Prices
haveincreased
sharply
,. ..... .........to ristng
COUNT
Thereare
bookswrittenaboutdietandexercrSe
effectsof the sun'srays. HA RM
Sunscreen
offersprotection
against
the
A R E E
trade
Thepresrdents
of bothcouotries
signed
an rrnportant
CHO O S E
H i s . . ..................
..
oimuscwasnotto mv||k in q .
fashion
..........".....
DE S I G N
KarlLagerfeld
isrnyfavourite
.. ......to become
a nurse
60 5hedoesn't
QUALIFY
havetheriqht
. ..... ..
.....business
information
VATUE
g vecompanies
6 l Computer
databases
DELIVER
of parcels
everyday.
62 Theofficereceives
a . ... ... ........
in ourchoice
E
of courses
nextyeaf.
FRE
Wehavea lotof ....-............
werebrightandcolcurful.
DECORATE
oal Theparty
6R Some
.. rareandexpensive.
SPECIAL
are
unusual
stamp5
isalways
right.
ln business
thatthe....,.,........
CUSTOM
6 5 There
isa famous
saying
ARRANGE
.. ..,.. ...werecancelled
at thelastminute
67 Ourtravel
.........
enda greatsurprise.
EXPECT
6 8 Thefamous
actor's
visitwas
continued
untI theearlyhoursof themorning.
MEET
OY Thecounci
.. offlowersgrowrrgin ourgarden.
VARY
70 Thereisa great
11
pfoposFd
a planto cutspending.
Thecompany's
Flnancial
...
DIRECT
havebecome
.......of LosAngeles
usedto thesmog.
INHABIT
l2 The...... ...
.......developmeftts
in technology
Inthe lastcentury. IMPRE5S
t3
Therehavebeen
.. of lobscreated
the ...........
manyproblems
LOSE
74 Whentheplantclosed,
7E Manysmall
....... ...to rompetein today's
markets. AELE
aresadly.......
businesses
to weara seatbeltat allt mes.
ADVICE
Foryourown safety,it is
isnecessary
beforeaLldiplomatic
visits.
PfiEPARE
77 Mu{h
beforeperform
ng on stage.
NERVE
Manyactorsget . ......
EASY
79 DesDite
hewonthp T00 metrrace
hisnervousness
vely
suggestrons
abouti-ookery
US E
80 ThiSmagazlne
hasson're
....userreditcards
to shop.
GENERAL
peope . .
81 Nowadays,
healthbenefits
ADDITION
82 Exercise
helpsyoulosewerght,andh6s ,,
to laughloudlyat the\Arong
TEND
tirne.
83 H e h asa .
butalsoveryrude
HELP
84 Thec erk's
wasnoton|y..............
attitude
of lifeon ctherplanets.
EXIST
55 Weoftenwonder
aboutthe
prograrnme
.... . of thespace
DEVELOP
86 A lot of money
wasspenton the .. . . ..
AMAZE
.. easvto learnhowto iceskate.
87 It was... .
shorttrio fromhereto Mark'shouse.
RETATIVE
88 I t i s a
DISTANT
oftheschool.
89 TheibraD/
iswithinwalking
1dr 5dT1 eS u b 1 e .ts
u n d e r.. ..
. . . . . . . . .f.or manymont hs . OBSERVE
90 M edical
re searcl-e
TRUE
s sometimes
d fficultto find
9 1 The .... ........
.. ...
FRIEND
92- Thetwogirlshada slrongandlasting
BELIEVABLE
hasbeen ......
. . . . . . . . . . , . .f a s t
93 Pr o g r pin
ssco m p u ter
technology
REFER
hasthe
booksyouneed
94 I'msurethe library
......disappointed
whenhe faledhrsdriving
test.
EI$ORMOUS
95 Jackwas .
. ......E iroolart to;ourralists.
INFORM
9b Gel.L
ng accJ'ate
or notthe LochNessmonstelreay exists.
CERTAIN
97 It isstill ...
. . .. .. whether
.........
of thisfossilindicates
thesperies
iso derthanwe thought DISCOVER
98 The... . ...
. areas
or ourclanet.
EXPLORE
99 Trerearesliltnany . ...
intothecrirneproved
that hewasinnocent
INVEsTIGATE
10 0 A newpolice
. . .. ...between
10 1 There
theldtestmodelandtheoldone. DIFFER
aresomeminor.......
.. ...aboutpaying
thebills.
ARGUE
102 Theflatmates
hada terrlble
. .....centre,
withthousands
of factories
of allsizes. INDUsTRY
1 0 3 Thecrtyisa rnajar. .
areangryabouttheopening
of a rubbish
dumpnearby. RESID
E
1 0 4 Local... .
sunset
in Florida
1 0 5 Wesawthe farost
lastyear.
BEAUTY
.. ...to expect
to gEtyourownwayallthetlrne.
REASON
106 It's.............
. ....lo keepoul ( ityc ean
RESPONSIBLE
107 Everyore
ra' a ...
abroadnextyear
POSSIBLE
108 Thereisa
. . .. .. . thatshewillbestudying
53
54
55
56
57
58

237

Section
Practice
Further

Read
thetextsandr.rse
at theendof eachlineto forma wordthatfltsin thespace
inthesarne
thewordgivenn capitals
(0).
line.Tl'e'ersan example
at tl-ebeginri'19

NECTSSITY
OR LUXURY?

powerhaveedtotheprobem
Today's
higher
salaries
and0)greotefspending
of ourbuying
things
...........,
which
arecornpletely
1),
rimply
for
thesakeof
it. Nowthat
. ............means
morepeople
have
the2) .
to dothis,shopping
hasalmost
a 3).............
pastime
becom
We
paya smalfortune
forclothes
wlth 4) .
labels,
even
thouqh
therearehlghquarty,cheaper
5)
Wewant
'timesaving'
but n factweusually
5) . ...................
..appliances,
havethe
justasquickly
7,J
t0 00 tne sarnechores
byhand.Letsgetrid
! Take
allyouro d clothes,
of these
useess8)
children's
toys
andsoon,afdgivethemto a deservlng
charity
9)
. . Ridding
youfself
oi unwanted
goods
gives
of 10)
a sense
whichr a
joyto experience!

0 GREAT
1 NECE9SARY
FINANCE
NATION
.a D E 5I G N
5 ALTERNATE
h
ELECTRIC
7 ABLE
I PO55E55
9 ORGANISE
10 FREE

coRr,twALt

p eninsula,
Cornish
The0) beautiful
on Britain's
hD.isoneof the
southwestern
rnostpopular
country's
areas
asfaras1)....
isqoncerned.

0 EEAUTY
1 TOURIST

(ulture
Thousands
of ar5dgo,Cornwall
. TheRomans
wasa centre
of Celtic
triedwithout2)
, . ......roronquer
andit managed
to
SUCCEED
thergion.
keepits3)
... .....wayof ifeanditsownlanguage.
Oneof the
TRADITION
area's
marntourist
4i
4 ATTfiACT
isthenowruined
caste of linugel,
wherethe
5)....
KingAfthura1drrsKnights
of theRourdTaole 5 LEGEND
aresaidto havellved.
6)
of thehall.
6 VISIT
canstillsetheremains
whrcrr
s 7) .
..............
irtact
7 TARGE
Cornwall
isalso8)
..........fortLsbeaches
I FAME
ontheEngishChannel,
to
thesouth-east,
anditsspectacular
9).. .. . . -.
s{e eryonthAtlantic, I COAST
or north-west
side.
The10).......
nE l0 COMBINE
...ofa fichhistory
andoutsrand
natural
bea!tymakethisareawel worthvislting.

MOODSANDCO1OUR5

Doescoouraffe{tyour0) &ehduiour?
Youmrghtthinktheconnedion
ispurely
insist
1)
experls
thatcolour
canlnfuence
, butmany
OUr rnoodiafid 2)

iryoupianIO redecorate,
tntnk

beforemaKng
4)
about
whatpaintto buy.
Theeffect
each
colour
hason
- . . ........
youshould
betdkeninto5)
, asthewrongonecoud make
youdepressed
or6) .......
.
............
instead
of relaxed
andcomfortable.
A
forbedroorns
cool,7) .......................
bueisbest
asit scalnting
and
p l om otes s eep.G r e e n , r e p r e s e n t i n g. n
. .atureandB)
. . ..
.. .. ..,istoeal
forlivinq
rooms,
while
9) ......, ..............,
red,
thecoourofenergyand
is
piece
bestfordin
ngrooms
of l0)... .............
Another
mportant
.....tsro
avoidyellowfor thebedroom.
lf youareill,it islikefyto makeyoufeelworseand
slowyoLrr
recovry.

238

0 BEHAVE
1 IMAGINE
2 FEEL
I

5
6

7
8
10

CARE
DECLDE
CON5IDER
REST
PEACE
SECURE
WARM
ADVISE

so
hopinqthatthejob l'vegotto seeto rsquilestraiqhtfoMard,
lshouldbeflyingbacktomorrow
evening
Couldbequitelate,so
l'l tustgraba cab.Seeyouthen.

UNIT1
q. Tapscript
2ah.7)
forExercise

to
A. l hEveto agreewith you,Engllshrsceftanly3 ugefulanguage
tearn
8r Yes,Foronething,so manywebsitesarin Englsh that it woud
be difflcultto sud the net properyif you ddn't know some

er,we
,l,fcn.'We
can... Well,look,we canreplace,
and irLdeed,
will fepacemost,er,everyfauty consolethat wassod dueto
to be
this. er dle to thismistak.
but if a custorner
wishes
refunded,
thenobviousythisis a d fFerent,
er,thisrsa different
lssue.
Becase.I mein I don'tseehowsorneofe
couldwanta
slvitchb'lard
consolefor their business
and then suddenlvnot
wanta switchboald
conso[e
/nleruieweriWell,
it'ssimple.
theydon'tw;nt it because
it doesn't
work
Mon.-Yes,
but as lsaid,er,as lsaid,we will retlaceall faulty
consoles,
but gvinga refund5 quitea d fferent,er,a different
Bsue,isn'tit, we wouldgiverefundsif consoles
werelnsuitabe,
but that'snot the ca5e,
the newconsoles,
the onesthat wi
reolace
thefaultvones...um.
lntervrewr:
Willbesuitable?

English,
anyway.
A. Mmmm . lt'snot justthat,thoughlf youthlnkaboutword
is
politics
relarons,you'llfind that Eng[ish
End nternational
lsualy the languageof peace talk5 and governmenl
it's th one lanquage
that people
ngotiaions.lhat's because
haveln common.
tsuppose.
isdefintelythe
8. Andjustthinkaboutthe touristindustryEngli:h
spenda ot
mostimpoftant
language
ther.Brtishholidaymaker5
of moneyin manycountries
everyyear.Theytravelve.F,vhere!
A: Yes.ard rnostoi rhemwont be ableto \pFd[ ll-Flanguaqe
of
the qsgn-rytheyarein A.d whar abouTfilT starsald ocFle

likethat?Wouldn'tyousaythat the majority

of the world'sbest
knowncelebrities
arefromthe USAandthe UK?
isfi'tit?Tholgha lotcf th:t lssimPy
oh, I'dsayso,yesslranqe.
qoodpubliciry
Andthere's
the business
aspect
andadvertising.
loo, of r o.rne Lhewaulewo'ld rrponsprod.lcrsandse-vices
fronrthe USA.
A I suppose
that'strue,yes...lfade]

yes
i!4oniWil be. um,exactly,

Jnterviewer
Hmmm..
6

it is unavailable
or ve:1
what theywould ike to readjust Llecause

evrltl-inga normalrobile phonFdoes,b,.t alsoha5t1 an-azi'q

TFJIr,]eans
feature
walkiF-lelkie.
of 'drcroninglikea long4istarce

connected
lo
that,at thetouchof iustonebunon,youarenstantly
anotherrnobilof yourchoiceandyou canleavea shortvoice
rfessage.
Wesleybeievethat the new featureis golng to be
apprec
atedbycons!me15
lYho...
7

goalto helpensule
thateveryblind
expentive.
Sot isourprimary
publication
person
theyneed
hasaccess
to whatverEraille
2

Mcn:Yeah.
I'mheleabouttheohones
Wofidn:Thephones?

Mdn:Oh.Whatrf t qetsit wronq?

Womon.'You
deletethe la5tletter,then it et5youwr te yourown

MdnrYeah.
l'm fromVedor.
Wo.'floni
ohl oh! I m sorry yes,yes,it's ... Wel we've had this

24 hourhepltne.
3 Welcome
Communications
to the Anderson
for th|5ca . lf you needhep wth
Youarenot beingcharged
please
On Ltnentemetcoflnectton.
setting!p yourAnderson
press1. lf youwishto renewyourAndergon
On LineInternet
to Anderson
On
I newsubscription
connectron,
or to purchase
youratcountdetalls,
press
Line,please
2. lf youhaveforgotten
your userEanre
or yourpasword,presJ3 Forhep with other
please
issues.
hold
4

Hihoney,it'sme.lust(a lingto saythatl'vetakenthe Fat to the

garaqeand t shouldbe okayto pickit up tomorrow,so could
you?lt'shavingnewbrakePadsflited,but apartfromthat it'sin
I'm
now,takingoffat3.30thisafternoon.
lop shapeOfFto Peris

t4omofliHaveyou go' automati(tert complet'onon lhat?

Mor;What'sihat?

Automatictext conroletionWherewordsEreactuallv
Womclri
writtenfof youbyth firinicomputer
insideyourmobile
MoniNo.I drdn'iknowmobiephons
drdthat Doesyoursdoit?
Womon.'Yeah.
Look.You'rewrilinga message.
r ght?50 iFyorJ
writeH ...E. L ...ft eutomatird
lycompleter
theword:Helo.

WofiafliCan I helpyou?

problem.
we try to access
line,we plessthe
whenever
anoLrtside
tluttonand...
Mdnils it doinqit f ow?
if voucouldcomeover
yes,well | -h'n[ !o, actLally
Womon.-Yes
hre.l'll5nowyou. orersrng
ary o'lhese- ray| ^e 9 ...Ferewe
go,lineq Listen.
Mo[.iAhyes,ah yes,I se.Yes,okay.Yeah,lcan seeto thit, no
proDtem.

qianr Wesley
r tecfroloql news roday,tleco'nrrJnicdtions

thenew'touchandtalk'mobiephone
Corporat
onhdvepresented
Fa[ The new Wesleymodd does
at the FrankiurtTe(hnoloqy

+rTapescript
1b{p.12)
forExereise
's eve?b t es
literEry
Hereat C Boo(s,we belErelrer Braille
rs to the
important
to the bind personas ink-prntlrteracy
sightedpersonlf the blindareto competeon equalterm5with
belimtdinchoosing
peers,
no blindperson
should
theirsighted

Sowhat you'reactlallysaylnqis that you will nol be

lnleffiwefr
refundingpeoplewho haveboughtfauty consoles?

word.
Mor.Fabulous.
CanIhavthaton myphone,
too?
WomonNot realfyYou'dhaveto upgradeto the newmodel
i4on.Andhowmuchwouldthat be?

Drobab
y aborta h.rdredqu'o
l,Vomon
,l4dniPff!Forgetit l'l[iusttypeit, thanks.
I

please
for a
. . Can haveyourattention
Okay,
listeneverybody,
Greenwalsh
andt
momert,please?
Right . Mynames Stephen
...l'd liketo . l'd like
amtheleqalrepresentatrve
of supraPhone
to giveyou a few factsaboutthe installation
of the newaerial,
andhopefully
dispela fewmyths.Theaeflalaboutto bein5taled
hasbeen nspected
andapproved
appointed
bythe
byscientLsts
StewartCommissionCopes of the rcrtificatof saftyare
y have
in factheresoneof them,andcolld I poSsrb
available,
pleas,
thisprojecred
onthescren
Bob,thankyou. . Asyoucan
\tuiththe
see.the aenalhasbeenmanufactured
In complian.e
gudelins
issued
bythegovemment
and

23t

Tapescripts
Tapescrint
for Exercise
2b{p.12)
Theeraof the telephone
koskis cominqto an end.BT- the Brtish
telephonecornpanyownerot the vastmajority,hasseenits profits
'orr odypholes'all by ra I sr-cel99q Thry'vego. l\ousand!Lhat

don'tmakeenough
to covertherrcleanii'tq
costsBetlveen10,000and
12,000are disappear
ng thisyear,and, almostcertainly,more wil
follow.Onlyoneadultin n ne stillusespayphones
with anyfrequency

ph,:ne.
rnostpreferring
theconvenence
ofther ownmobile
The BritishDublicteleohonekioskwas the flrst in the \4orid.lt \/as
!n I 884,onlyeightyea|5afterthe inventon of thete ephone
introduced
itsef bythe lcotsmanAlexander
GfahamEellThe'pubic cal office',as
it was knownbackthen,wase $picalMctofan nvention.usingfew
technology
tc makemoneyfroma society
whichwa5rnovingfasterand
faster,andhadstartedreyrngon communicatioN
to E greatdegree.
At first,put rc callaffireswerepla(ed n shopswith orly a rurtin
therfusefsfromthe gneral
Thecallers
separatrng
customefs
didnot
felcomfo ablewith [heirconversations
beinqoverheard,
dnd shop
opeflnq hours were restficted,so the telephonessoon rnoved
ouErde{rnto the stfeetsTheywerhousedin woodenkiosks

In 1924,a largecornprltlt
on washed to designa new,standard
publiclelephone
ThewinnerwasGilesGilbert
kiosk.
scott,architeci
powerstaton andLiverpoo
of Battersea
Cathedral,
andhisdsign
had J d,slircTly
hrrtoriroudlty d heJ',?rhFl.or qals and (rlt tron.

neo-(iass
calcolumn5
at the(orners,
anda high,art:hing
roof.lt was
justa phonellox;
but it hadhopesto establish
it5lfaspartof the

5t:

Well,rhp'norr!tr Ii1g simldr'tybetlveert\e p'(?ureri\ thdl bo.l^

peopleareineolved
in communication:
the womani55endnq En
emaI to someorre
and the manhasiust received
a lelter from
someoneAnolher 5irnllarltyrs that they both seemto be
loo Themain
roncentrating,
and theyboth lookquitpleased,
d ffernce
betweenthe Didure!s the methodof communication
pressthe 'send'button,and lt
youtypean emailon a computer,
on the ather person'scorrputei
arri\,esalmostrmmedrately
whereasyou wriie a letterusngJ pen and paper,and it could
Lakea ryeekor hvo to arrive.Anolherbiqdifference,
of course.
is
thanan emaI A lefterran be quite
that a lettefis morepersonal
effi{ert, but it depends
on the postasetuice.
| 5uppose
an emaii
is more efficientthan a et(er becauset rs deiveredalmost
\,eryfaraway
imreciater).er'ento so'ne/r'1e?
lhter.lo.utor
Thankyou. Keth, whiahoFthe5emeansdo you rnostly
useto commL/nicate
with yourfamilyandfflends?

58: Oh, mostlyuseemai becau:eitt quickandea5yandit's not

letters.
butI don'tlikewfitrngthem!
expefsive.
| |ke rcceiving
lnte acutor:Now, Keith, l'd like you to cornpareand contrsi
photographs,
saying
whrcho{ the two krndsof happiness
s more
rmpoftant to you

58; Themostobvious
simiantv
behveen
theoictlresisthatthevboth
showan eventoFsornesort:if the firstpictuE,the pa,rpleare
drrvinqat a frend'shousefor dinneror ForE pd.ty,and in the
secondp cturethere'sa 3poftng event I think rt's Afirican
goa o \as j Ar

po'tboxard double
Bririrl(ultuft. likp rhe B'il.irl-pohcehel-neL.

botball. and naybe one lFd'ni\ 9or1gro rore

de.kerbus,andall the orhernternat

onallysucressful
syn'rbols
of
th ftid-lgth dnd
Britishnes!
whichwremanufactlred
betwen
mid-?Oth
rentufes.lhe onlymistake
scottmadewfrsoveT
thecoour
Hewantedhisphoneboxes
to be parnted
sliver'Pillar
Boxred"was
chosen
instead,
because
it wasrnirchmorevisible
anddift didn'ttook
too badon it

the mostifllpcrtantdifferen(e
scored
a goal.I suppose
isthe kind
probably
of eventoneismorepelsonaland
involves
fewrpople,
wrlle the otheris qute pub c and invqlves
a largenumberof
pespleI th nk rhe k nd ot happiness
n the firstFtctureis rnofe
importanlio 'ne be,au,eit rvofuesl'icnds Vy 1 erdsa'e very

"

importantto rre. T\is .'nd of happires:s r'ro.epernarent,

picture
in thesecond
whereas
thekindof happiness
istemporary
it s impoftant
thoughI suppose
a5well.in a dffurentway.

Between
the mid80sandtheendof the 90s.farfromdis:ppearinq,
telephon
kiosks
Thecommercra
British
actually
doLrbled
in numbex.
pressures
creatdby privatsitionpushed
BTs phoneboxes
nto ilrdnd
,nterlo(utor
Thankyou. Susanwhat othersrtuatonsmakeyou feel
new locations;meanu,hiE,orher teephonecornpanres
began
thisway?
fg iher own k'osks.Theystanedsellingphonecards,
intfoduc
SA: oh, walkingin the mountarns
makesme feel very happy:
phoneboxes
phone
became
molerelEble,
andthespre8d
of themobrle
rt$fliceto be faI ewayffom thecrowdl
sometrmes
genefaly.
5rmFly
5eemed
to increase
rhe.Jemaftd
fortelephones
lnte/ocr,/for.
Thenkyorr.
Eut t wasnot to last.Nlowadays,
BTis hopingto l.rseits remaninq
ptsyphofes
asInternetkiosks.
SifceAugust,a thousand
of thesehave
beenputup,wdh27,000rnoreto (omeoverthnextf veyears.
lt 5
a brauedea,andonewhKhwil helprhemrllions
of Briions
without
!:omputeffor easyac(essto afl fnternetcafe.Sutit s quiterareto
seethe kio5ksir'l{tie

In a decade
orso, t is poisibe to rmagnethatBrtiin will haveno
phoneboxes
at al . Thereis already
marketfof
a hungrycollectors
ftadtionalErtrshphoneboxes
theysllfor morethanf2,000earh.
90 thelastkiosksmayndup on the gfoundfoorsof Californian
hotes.Thenagdn, whre mobile
andaut
Fhonelcontnueto (.ackle
out, causehealthscares.
vefot sorneEritons.
andlemaintoo expens
therew ll be at lasta smaI needfor ohoneboxes
Afd for some
people,
the payFhone
\'!ilcontinue
to haveits own romantic
dnd
historicalvalue

Tapescript
for Exercise
4 (p t3)
lnl o.utor]Now,Susan.I'd likeyou to compareand {ontrastthese
(B''oFyor,tlnk r,
photographs,
:ayinq which re;rs o' con--nur
mostefficient.

240

UNIT2
Tapescript
for Exercise
3a(p.23)
Speaker
1
... GiqhlOh,l'm fdup Ive got nothnq to do. All myfraends
have
goneawayfor the weekendandl'rnstuckhereon myown.l cant
df'o'dio go oJt a,ld 'edtl/\hould\trd!. b:r cant be bor.ereo.

Theresnt evenenything
onTV
Speaker
2
. I can'lbeleveI gol thejob.I thoughtthe inrerview
wentbadly.lt's
Emazing.
Thejob isperfecrfor meandthemoneyrsqood,toa.l'll be
ableto buy a new {ar Endwho knowi ftraybeevenmo!,einto a
y nrhatl'vebeen
bigqerflat.Things
can'tget muLhtletter!lts exact
happened.
Fantastir!
drafiring
eboutandit'5actually
Speaker
3
I haven'tgot tirie to deawiththatnow.You've
lo ideahowmuch
a presenraron
stuffI haveto do.l'mgtvtng
at threo' clockandfiry
bytomorrowmorningI mustn'tforget
bosswantsthlsreportfinished

Tapescripts
rt
to phoneMr Wilsoneitherl don'tknowhowl'm golngto manage
arrpo.ttongfT
al hot to rrertion, needlopirk up Ja:on!'on !.1^e
nightrnare!
andtheCar'5
5tillin the garageIt'ran absolute

taDeScnr ror txercrSe

4a(p.26)
Speaker
1

can'twaitfofyouto gethere.W'vegotsomanylhlngsto catchup

on andthere's
!o mlchI wentto showyou I knowyou'lljustloveil
hereandthefe'splentyof thingsglJng Dnat thistirneof yeaf.

Soeaker
4
It may1oundsirangeat furstCertainy whenmostpeoplego to take
in the latestblcckbustet
theydon'tthinkof it astherapyFormany
Theyfind
of my patrents,
though,t canLead
to a reatbreakthrough
that they can reallyconnefi with the (haracteriand plotsand this
cangivetheminspratiooandhopewhen t come5to deatngwth
problems
rea life Whatever
my patients
have,lfird that lcanalmost
always
recommend
something
thatwtl heLptheri
on the b;gscreen
to lookat thEir fe n a newway
Speaker
5

Speaker
2
youhaveto do
Thebestthingaboutnudentlfe Forme 5 the freedom
differenlthing5,notjust on a daitybass at colege,bLttalsoduringthe
youget.lt'' a timeInyourlifewherryou'te
ftee
erceptionaly
longholidays
fioFrmostforFns
andtheres jlstso muchfunto behad
of responsibilfty
Speaker
3
It wasdilferentwhenyoulivedneadyandcoud aaI roundeveryday.I
usedto lovedroppingin to seeyou,too I knowyorr'veonlymovedto
theothersideof thecrtyandit'snotasif we can'tseeeachotherat all,
but ii'sdifficulttogettherewilholt a car lwishI rouldJUstpopover
the roadlikebeforewhenlwnt a qu ck ahatwith a friend
Speaker4

cousinfor thre
My Eunt'scornrngto staywrth my five-year-old
Hes reaily
to kephimentertainedT
weks
andguess
who'sexperied
cuteandI ovehimtrlt ljust knowhe'lldriveme madeveryday.lle
can't5itsrillfor flveminutes
andhethinksl'mhi5bigplaymate.
sbeaker5
HavingfrindsforJndfor dinner;s one cf my favourEthings.
thefoodcanbe asmuchfunastheevening
Selectinq
andpfeparlnq
itsf ar'rdfo. fie there! reallynothinqbetterthanjusts tling dfound
youknowwellin theconrfort
ofyourownhome.
withpeople

, Taoescrint
1b(p .2 8 )
forExercise
I
Spaker
havealwaysfound that bringirrgmy patEntstogetherts very
helpful.
Theyrealis
thattheyarenot aloneandlthinkthatit does
wondersfor their self confiden[e.Theyfeel ke theyare helpng
Jnd ll'eyalsoqan hopetromseer'g
olhersast^/ellastherFselr'e!
ho\'\,lhe other 0atientsimprove.Workrngin this way g ve5my
patients
theirproblems
a safeenvironment
in whichtheycandiscuss
i5atlabout.
wth others,
andthat,afterEll,s whattherapy
Speaker
2
and
Thistypeof therapyisbasedon the desthatpeoplecanvisualise
Fatients
who hEve
andemotions.
create
thrngs
lromtheirthoughts
problems
puttrngtheil problems
into wordscan often express
weI
thmselves
bypainting
or dra\/ ng I frndthatf worksespeciaily
of anyaqe.lt isreally
a
w th children
butit r:anbeusedwithpatients
journey
Ieaxandlearnmoteah,out
of selfdiscovery
asthepatiects
them5elve5
fromthepictures
thattheycreate.
Speaker
3
to
woddandmanyof ushavenotrrrLe
Welivein a busvandstfessful
though,onlyleads
our emotrcns
thlnkabouthowwe fee. Avoiding
io brggerprobleflrs
in the end I thinkthit the bestthingI cando for
mr,rDatlents
;sto teachthemhowto relai andthlnkabouttherrlives
By lettrngthem5elves
Eo afid fotusingcn who they realyare,my
pitrentsf nd thattheyfeelmoreaiive.Thiscanhelpthemdea with
at workor at homeandletsthemreailylve lfe to the full
Frobtms

l\e DealJty
otlh,sfo-r o'therapys thatyoJcando f anywrereOnrhe
way10wo k.rr theglTr o. rthore. ltcrn relpusto relat,rTp'oveo-r
mood a-d 'pd.JleslrF\i I rall r[ I,le Moza( pffe.l but oi coJBethe

doesn'treallyrnatterTheimpoftant
thrngisto
composer
or pefformer
find a pere that creates
in the patient.lt's
an emotlonal
response
whata gleateffecta srmpe,everyday
amazrng
actNityiketh scanhave.

Tapescript
forExercise
2b(p.28)
Presenter andoul nexlguston you(indyorrr
PtJtoddyis Roger
yourCct So
Taylof,authorof the best-seinq book Undefiranding
welcorne
to our5howRoger
Roger.
Thanks,
lt'sgreatto behere
PreserteI;
OK,firstof al, howdidyouget intothisf eld?
ffogef.
Well,when wa: growingupwe alwayshad{at5at home,and
psychology
whenI started
it seemed
likethenatural
studyinq
animal
I
thinqto focuson lts never
bodng.lt'sfasrnatingwork;evefybody
speak
to wantsto beableto understand
theirpetbetter
{als? mean
Presenter
NoWdoyouthinkwe canreallyunderstard
howaanyouevefknowwhatisgoingon jn ther mlnds?
pp'ron.lure, bLl I
FogerWell.I gJesslirecanneverbe ore h-rnd-ed

thrnkyouwoud besr.rrprlsed
howmanysrgnals
cEtscan5endout
Preierte/iYorr
meanw th theirbodyanguaqe?
Rogeri
Absolutely.
Butyouhaveto be caaeful!
lfa catmovesit5head,
thdtjirstmednrt wantsto lookat you,or at sofiethingelse.Andit
usesits pawsto playandt6 vlashitself.Whatyoureallyhaveto look
at rsa cat'star!.
PresenterAnd whal aboulcatswho ril wth ther tiils wrapped
around
them?
cat.lf
a srgrrof a contented
FogenOh wel thalt good lt's ugually
two cats.rre facingearh other beFore
a fight, tholgh, this is a
position.
Theflroreaggressive
catwil havertstailfluffedup
defensive
andpointifgdown0f 5traight
out.
Prererter:
Really?
nq. 50whatolherbodylanguaEe
do
That'sinterest
catsshow?
fiogerOh thereareall sortsof thlngs.lf youctsn'ttell what a cat is
giveit away.
thinking
frornts tai ihenitsearsw lprobably
PrerenferiWhat
do yo|] fnean?

again,ii tlvo !:atsarefadngeachotherbeforea fghtthey

Roger.'We
ng sounds,
but if you
wil probabybothgrowlandmakefrighten
what'sgoingonthenookat theireals.
reay wantto kno!,.,
PrerenleE
Whatshouldwe be lookinqfor there,then?
its head for
The deFendet's
ari wiil li downllat against
,qogeri
protect
on Themoreaggfessve
catw IElsoflattenilsar5but with
a twistsothattheyarepointing5lighty forward
PreJenle4
Wharabou!t:meswhr tl-eyarenot fiqhlingl

.Roger
WeI if yourcat rsfeelngconfidentor curloui,ts earswill be
pointingup\iardsand5lightyforward.
This\,viI let h m hearasmuch
aspossible.
Presenteri
50 dc you ihink ca$ cen underitandanythingfrorn our
bodylanguagel

RogerOh I rn suretheycan.Unikr dogs,who listen{arefullyto the

toneof yourvoide,catsactualy watchyoureyesOne0f the besttrps
at them
caag veto youFlstenerss thatwhenthyseea catlookrng

241

Tapeecripts
they shouldb ink slowlyThissendsa friendlymetsageto the (at
ettingit knowthat youarenol a threat Lfyoudo th s,youwill often
frndthatthe .at will (omeoverandlet youstrokeit.
Prie,lter.
Someor]e
onceto d methat youshouldneverltare at a cdt
.qogeri
That'sright.lt sendsa verynegatvemessage.
Whena cat
wantr to keepdnothercat awayfromrtsterrtoryyouwill oFtenseeit
5tarng at tl'reIntruder
l, I'mafiaidthat'sallwe'vegot trmefol no\,,J.
Whowoud
PrerenferiWe
havethoughtyoucouldlearnso muchfromiust wah:hrngyolr pet.I
mean... evenif you'renot a cat oveT,'m sureyou'llall ook dt cats

differently
kornnowon Thankyousomuchforbeingwithus

Tapescript
for Exercise
a (p,29)

5Ei

lnter/ocutori
Whatdo you usuallydo ro relax?

hard,| findthatthebestway
5A Mmmm...afterI'vebeen
working
I loveto spend
to relarisjustto do nothing.
a lazyeven
ngon
the sofdwatrhinga v deoor something
on TV.Howaboutyou?

if lm do'ngnoth19.1ofela:,I
58; Ohno.I qetooreoveryquickly
loveto go for a longrun or for a swiflr.tof me,gettingsome
rsa greatwayto wlnddo$'n.
exer(ise
/ntr/orutori
Thank you.

togetherfor
Irtelocuaori
Now l'd likoyouto talkibout somethrng
'm ju5tqoiFglo I sten.Flere
arEsomep ctutes
aboutthreminLrtes.
you
of commoflsituatrons.
Talkto eachothe[abouthow stressful
rhinkeaahone{an be.thenahoos
thethreethalyouthinkarethe
mostskessfult rsnot necessary
to aqfeew th eachother

Module1
Self-fusessment
Tapescript
I ( p.41)
for Exercise

lthink thar'spretty
JA: Hmmmrn
.. heres peoplemovinqhouse.

Man,... andthe reason

I likeloosely
defineddeadlnes
isbecause
knowthattheworkwedo here(annotberushed
- in otherwonjs.
youcEn't
to correup wrlh
wnna 9OOO
acljust
DecSuse
cEnt force
torcesomeone
Justbecause
9oooaa
youneedonebylunchtime
Myexperience
herehastaughtmethat
therearedayswhenyouwill struggleto writea singlesentence,

stressful,
don"tyou?
ju$ haveto
58; Well.. I'm not so sure.lth nk it'snot sobad.YorJ

patkeverything
up andmoveon to yoLfnextpece.BLtI do
th nk thatqoiogto thedeftrstisstresslul.
Oh,sodo l! lt\ stressfu
because
vouheveno contml.
-s4.. That'sright Andyoudon"tkfow what'sgo ngto happennefi.
Lookat th s wornanealinCrnthcar:I thinkshe'sin a hurry
JA: Ye5.I think that'sverystress{ul
becauseyoL haveno tirneto
get Indrgestion,
enjoyyourlood,andyou'llpfobably
too!
58r 4rnmm. I don'tmindthat: l'm alwayseatng In a hLr,ry!
|

fromlour pr with
end t\e'e are ddys$hen tfirgs w1 ,ustflc,!,t/
almostno effon Anlwdy,I pronised'd [eept\is srort.so,qreatto

haveyoual aboard,
andwishyoufl productive
andenioyable
t me
her;t AppleAdved
sing.I nowhandyouoverto ...
2

okay.
thingon rnyneck.butbasirally
good.50 i5thatyoubackat worknowT
wofion;That's
l4ar:Prettymuch.Tote I youthe tluth, I nrissed
thisplaceI was
goingrnadbeingat horneallday.
luo,fldnj
I bet youwere.HowErelu ia andthechildren?
Tarasard
thevwere!nthecarioo whenit happened.
Man:Oh,they'ref ne.lwastheonlyonewhowashurt,thankfully.

people
l'ere?
aborrtl-ese
WhardovoJthinktrey'e do.ng'
J& \4rr|m lT not \Lre lhey,eemto b n a hu'rydo.r'.lheyl
JA: Yes,they do. Maybetlrey'rerushrng
to work.Maybethey're

Yeah.. Anyway,goodto seeyo! back.

Wo..ndnr

Msn;Thanks,
Susie.
3

JBr Oh, I hale intervierf./s1

lthink they'restres!fu1
becauseyou never

goingto askyounextNow...th s
knowwhatquestonthey're
astpicture:
do youth nk t s a press
conference?
JA; Yes I th nk it probably
is Now thifh that woud be very
4
erciting,
notstressfu
at all.
54.' Oh,l"dfindit verystreisful.
t'dhatetl
54: Do you think we can agreeon the threemost stressful
sltuations?
Mrnmm.. d dfl'l we agreeon thedentist?
5e Probabty
SA: Yes,afd theexams.. oh,andthe fushrng
round!

stressed.
There
aresomanyth ngsto do,butyoustrllhaveto
be friendly
andhelpf withthe customers.
lt can be very
!tressful.whdt abouryo!?

742

MoniAndhere's
a summary
of tomorrow's
weatherA brightitaft

alloverthe Lountry
w'rh ffostmostlyin thewest,but scattered
(loudswil blow n frornthenorth-west
befor:e
noon,andthere
rarnovermLrch
wil probably
of Scotland
endCumbr
a.
bepatchy
spells
in cent{al.
southandsouthMosty drywithbriqhtor sunny
in the southar]dsouihwest.
eastEnglard,
theoddmlldshowef
Tempefatures
will rangefrom7 to 16degrees
felsrus,
soit will
inthesunshine
fee lEssroldthanof ate,especialLy
Mo,r;[angrrlyJ
I can'tfor the ife of me lnderrtandwhyk ds do
that softof thiflg I rnean,what pleasure
can anyoneget by
or slinginq
a rockat a streetampTLook.
5ma5hrng
a phonebox
arethe
I'm not oneof thosepeope who thinkthatteenagers
society
faces.
I trsedto bea teenager
too,
caus
oFeveryproblem

and usedto get up to all sortsof mischief- but eventoday.rf

youaskedme'whyd d youdo that'"l'd bedbleto tellyourthere
thisvandalis.m,
I
wasfun to behadout of t. 8ut thlsaggfes5ion,
justdof 't understand
it. Whefe's
th funin breakinq
thrngs?

.l,iterlocutori
Whatothefexpereflcesor a(tlvitiesdo you f nd stre$sf!,
a ndwh y ?
J,4 Well,I wo'k pet tire i. J rerlJuranr
endwhenir'sburyI ge'

lfofi?afl;Oh. hi Alan Welcomeba(k]

Mon;Hello5rrsie.
Woriton.lt
s goodto ree /o ). PowdrFyou fepinq)
e l-avrlqto!tualkarourdwt- this
ilani Wel. a ittleLrco.n'ortao

dor'i thinkit s verystressful

Butlookal thisone.Thispoorboy
sittlnqin an exam.Nowexamsarestressful,
realystressf!;
somelmesyou carlget a biafkandyoujustcant thinkof
aoything
to write.
54: Yes,lagfeewruryouthere.People
cangerverynervols.too,so
lhey don't do theirbest.Exams
ere ceftarnry
stressful.
What

ate.Doyouthinkthat'sstressful?
J8: Ye4, thinkbernglate s stres:ful
ber:useyoutanl relaxand
youknowthatevryone
iswartingfof you.
Thai'strue lt canbe re#lble,
spe{allywhenyou'relatefor
rmportant
somethinq
5& Likean intervrewLookat thisp cturhere:here'ssomeon
ln
an intrviewDoyouthinkinterviews
are5tressful?
quiteexcitinq:
54: No,notpartrcularly.
a chElefge
lthinkthey're

Erm... we l, l'rr a studentandsometimes

we haveio give
presenEtrons
In frontof the restof the classThatcanbevery
s essful.
With a I thosepeoplwatchingmeI a waysthinkI'rn
go ng10saysornethloq
stupidandmakea foolof myself.

searchsvstemlike?
l4onton.
Sowhats thrsnewcomputel5ed

easier
to usethanI thoughtt uruld be.I
,MonrWll,
t'scertainly
rn e a nl .th o u g h tthatyou'dhaveto kfow load5of stuifabout
computers
to !5Pit, burit'squireuserfriendly
how doYougearthr
Woman:5a

Tapescripts
Mon:I l-F p \ r|olnng lo | . ook. YoujJ\l lypp In the t tle or the

Tapescript
for Exercise
3a(p,aB)

authorofthe bookyo!'re lookrr'rg

for,and . . there. IT returns
the
book'scodeandthe numberof th shef you'l flnd on. t even
tellsyourf rt'son loanor reserved.
Womon.CleverI
Mon:lsn't
it?
6

Womon.'...
andif yoLrturn to page4 of the booket that I have
,!st handeclout, youwill fitrdan analyt':a outlineof the course
andtutofials,
vJithexacttimesandlocatonsfot ail seminars
a5
,.,,/e
I d, cFroftnes
'or r.bm ruon o' essaFBJT,proughc' tl-e
prehminaries,
di:cussion,
let'sget on with our iRtloductory
which
Whenw
wiJ focuson the definition
of the tefm 'humanisfi|'.
use the term 'humanism',
we referto a varietyof beliefs,
methodsand ph losofrhres
that focuson peopleand the I

termin.rnany
disciplines...
everyday
liveslt isa widely-rsed
7

job .. but you'd b surprisd

Mdle:I kno,,1.,
it's an unLrsual
how
manyof !s lherearer suppose
you jurt don't hearaboutug
much... we'reso faf ftofi everyorle
. . I enJoymyown conrpany
. andI do havea ca1. robeingalighthouse
keeperslheidea
iob for me rt'rnot borinqat all . there3alwaysplentyto do
... espec
;:llywhenthe wealherisbdd .. andthere's
lotsof time
for .eading
andth nking.. nevergetfonely

2 Femdlerwhen
twas n school
., lwasnever
anyqoodet mathsor
qoth qhmarks
those
krrrds
in
science...
o{ subjec$
. bul alvvays
e
spanish
andFrench andLatin. I thoughtaboutberoming
teacher
. butthen de(ided
to learnRussan
. . andlendedup
(ourrein Brussels
donqan interpreters'
. . havethreechrdrn
now... butI stilldo a lotoflreelan{e
n0 ..
interoret

Mdr: l-F'" a'e longdeldf 01 tl'e V6 heddingtout' aftet: ' ruck

We
t havetwo sisters
Femoie:
and four brothers. I m the
younger,
eldst.. so whenwe !,.ire
I usedto hep ook after
them. . baththm,put them10bed.. thatk nd of thjnq... I
always
enjoyed
it .. I neveririndedbabysitting
whenmumand
dadwentoutfortheevenrng
... at frst I thoughtaboutbeinga
nanny... butthenI decded
to become
a pr miryteacher
...

junctons
between
overturned
andcauqhtfireearlefth s rnorning
12and13 OnyoneaneQfthatpart
of th rnotoMayrscu.rently
in use Thetruckdriverwastakento hospita
withminorinjuries.
Motorists
areddvired
to avoidusinqthEpa( of tl'e [/6 andPoKe
routesfi the areaior thatPurpose.
havesg posted
altefnalive
{]

Wonon:Now'sJulre?
lrdnjBusyasevrShe'sconsidef
ng doinga pro,ectn Leeds
lvornqn;
I see.Doesthatmeanyou'I bemoving?
Msnroh, no she'llonlvbe thercForflveweeksor so,thenshe's
blackin herofice
Woflorlsheooe! get oooJt.ooe'tr'trlle)

I4a,r;Sheloveslt. 5ay5it'sthe bestpartof herjob

Worhdnr
5ayhellofromme.ok?

Ma,rr
5ure.
Wor4d4i
Now,shal'we'avea loo<at Thalsho"'de'of yours?

Mon;Yeah.
lt'sbeengMngmed firtlebit ol painagainthisweek
Wofian:Hm.:l...
doesthrshud?
.Ii/dni
No,notrealy Ouch!Thatdoes!

Womdn.
Sorry.

UNIT3
for Exercise
Tapescript
3a(p.45)
SpeakerA
I deaLwrth peoplewhen theyt siltlngdnwnl I haveto be cheerful,
patrentand readyto dealwth lhe unexpected
I haveto lookwe a I
the time.My saaryisnot veryh gh but I qet plentyof chanceto travel
andwe alsoqet(heiperairtickets
of course.
| | ke myjob becau5e
the

hor.r:arealwar+
n oneplace
ver\,long.
chang;ng I m ne,/er
-rd
Speaker
B

I dealwithpeople
best
of a I ages,lhoughI lke workingwithchildren
haveto berealyk nd,pat|ent,
to lnen.I alsoha\eto be
carifqandready
verycarefulberause
a lot depends
on it My saarycouldbe betterbut
lovemyjob be(aJse
when rpy nepdit .rtost
| (now l m helpirgoeople

Speaker
c
dealwith foodandwith people.haveto be ableto workunder
to be verycarelul
trme. ha\.re
stres5
andto be creaTrve
aI theSame
abouthygiene.
l've no {o.fiplaintsaboutmy selary| ove my job
because
otherpeope enloywhat lmake Thehoulscdn be antF
socra,but lwould'r'T
do aryt! nq else

4 Femole:ye5
.. its what I alwayswantedto do ... evenwhenI
!!a5veryyoung the ideaof seeingso manydrfferentplEces
wonderfullknewI wantedto goalloverthewodd.. I
seemed
for the
sFeakfluentFrench
and German... lwas accpted
now
training
course
and . l'vebeenan air-hostess
fortenyars
... n the mornrnq
I mrqhtbe n Londor... andin theevening
I
couldbein NwYorL . faftast[!
5

Mdle:lwat lucky

my familyhad plentyof ftroney. I had a

happy
chiidhood
.. witheveMhngI wanted.. butI usedto see
chihrenfromthe ooorerareasof town andthe mothefswho
for
elwaystookedso tired. . I knew| lyantedto do sDmething
a
thesepeople... whenI qot oider .. so ldecidedto become
worker... it'snotaneasy
social
don'talways
want
lob .. people
yourhelp. . but t'stheonlylob fof .ne...

Tapescr.ipt
forExercise
1b(p,50)
IKnockl
WomdniComein.
MoniYouu/entedto $eem?
['l,romar:Havea seat,Brian.
you.
MoniThank
papershuffl
ing]
[Pause,

lryomon;
Ehrn..1.. I havebeenlookrnqat youffigulesfor the
lasttrrmestet.
Mo n ;Oh
Wofion: It'snot verygood

Mon I know .

Woman:It's50 pefcentbow yourtarqet.

Manr50 percent?
Really?
W ofi an:Yes,
I'm afradso.
Mdni thoughtf wasmorelrke40.
Womdrr No.i1'550 percent.
Mofli ... well...

Woman:W hatareyougoingto do abQutit?

l'm glad
MdniWell,yousee, meantto seeyolraboutrt rnyself,

is,you
we're..l'ff q adyoucalled
mein thi5morningThethirrg
see,themarketi5iustnotmovinq
Wolfldni t's r,p to L'sro rake it mov.
,44an;
I know, but I don't think anyonefrom the salesteafil

achieved
theirtargets
lasttrimester.

243

pts
Tapescri
Womqfl:I knowthat too, l'm $eing eachandevery
oneof you
today. And tofirorrownoon we're gorn! to havei slrategy

meeting:nd I expec(proposals
fromeachsaesexecltve We're
go'ngto solve
thrs.
Md,l:Alright.
AlfiCht.yes

Newjcdrfe/i..wiLlbedecided
at a laterdate.And.fir'rally,
whent
perks.mostpeopledon'tcarefor company
comesto employee
carsor freeEymmembeEhipr
- theywouldratherhavefxible
hours.
workino
nt of Trnde
A sur"eyof 4,000peop[efortheDepartme
andhdustryhis
ioundthatnearyhalf$ouldchoose
ffexible
hoursasthebenefit
thev
woud mosT
lcok'orin tl-e|.ne:{.ob.Notsu'oris
nolvrl'eorefee rp s
everlstrolgeramong
thosewrr cl-ldrenunde' e agof s'x.Ony | 0
percentwoJldFretera corrprny(ar and ,/ prcelr a tee gyr
qrembenhio.
OnFthrd \r'd lhey wou d ralherI-a! tl.e opti4nor

workr'lg
fler,byI| anre(erve
tI,000a yarToreFy
The DTI hopesthe research
wil act as a wake-upcaI to
mployR,
raising
awareness
of newfamily-ffiendly
ernployrnent
I ghtsto beintrodLced
on6 April.Thenewregulatrons.
3

Womafi:Are you a mus an aqedbetweenTg and 25? Ncw

thereisa uniqueopportunity
for youto startbeingrewarded
for
theyearsof effortyou tuve Invested n learn
ng yo'rr
instrument.
AstorHospitality
are lookingfor yorrnqpieni5t5,
guitarists,
drumfiers,
5axophonists
and1r!mperflayets
bdssist5,

to staffther in-house
hotelband5acroissouthernEuroDe.
We
offerfreeac(ommodation
and me3l!,: choceof kmporaryor
permaneFtcontrd(ts,variousperks and benefltsand, most
mportantly,
the opportun
ty to rneet and play wrth other
rnuscians.So what are you waling for? lf you are a young
rr|us
cian,cal usno\ry
on0978656900
andfindout rnore
4

Newjcqsferi
We now go backto SteveHenchin LondorrSteve,
howarthing5thereT

rockmusic
in backqroundl
fcrowdnoise,
Srveflencl'ii
Well"Bob.it'sgerting
excitedl
lAtthetopof hisvoice,
I wouldsaythat at least
reallycrowde<l
herein Tralalgar
Square,
fivethousanoppopleravFarrivedsinaee even-lhirtvlt\ al {ery
spiriledand{heerfui,the crowdarereallyenjoyinq
the {gncertand
theyareal s ngnganddancnq togetherCelebrties
keepturnng

up,the flrayofof Londontookhi5seatin the VIPboxaboutten

minute5
dgo,andhewasshortlyafterjoinedby the Chelsea
FC
chaiimantS nowerghtminutes
to twelve,the weatheris good,
its a bitcoldbuttheskylsclearandthefrrework
display
srheduted
formidnight
i boundto bequte spectacular.
EltonJohnisabour
to leavethe stagenow and t's .
5

Womofi:lstressed,
E littlFangrylGoDdmorning.l've no rdea
why the'e's.obodyto pickup T'rephole ar nir o cock rf the
mornrngbul whenyou o[ do decidto get to work, .ould Vera
or Daveook throughthe Hobsonfile.tdkeout the lastthree
ofderswe placed
wrththernirndfa:.thelot to ...hangon ...right
O0l5 227 298455.Please
whenyouget
do th;simmediately
in, l'm already
on the premi5es
and l'rn seerngthem in thirty
minutsOh,and,guys?
youcouldn't
lfthisgoeswrongbecause
be botheredto tu(n Lrpfor workon time thit morning.I giveyou
mvwordthatheads
willrol[.

Womon:Since1991,theannuaoplirnas
Awards
havebeena
:ourceof ideas,directionandinsprration
for plofessronals
n al
fleldsof business.
ThAwardspfomoteandcelebrate
suc(ess
at
solving
someofthebiggest
business
challenges
ofo!r time.
Awardwrnnerg
Optimas
havehelpedopennewmarketsaround
the word. reinventadrninfiratron.cut buraucrao/
in bu:iness

744

failing
dealings.
take healthcareto ruralBritainand revitalise
business
unrts.Not sufpr$ngly.Optimas
Awardwinnershave
pushedthelr orgaaisatlons
to recordprofits,greatefmaftet
share,h gherstockvalueand bettefreputatons.In short,they
haveoroduced
b!siness
results.
thisyear's
Butlth nk rt is nowtme to announcE
Optimas
Award
please
wiflnerCouldI havetheenvelope,
youd'eJ C+- progran'mar7
7 Mcn:5oHelFn.
HelenjThat'5
fiqht.
Mon,.Te
I mea ittle b:t aboutyourexpeflen.e
Heln;
We . I got inlp e\led in progdm-n:ngwl'ilp I was rt ll at

hrghschoo, but I firstworkedw,iththe laoguage

when wentto
unrversrry.
flght?
Mcn.'Manchestel

Unversiqr...
Heltjlhat's rlght.Manchester
lenioyedworkingin
a++ and I decded that I woulddo alf my programming
workin
that ldnguage
whenever
the syllabrr:
a lowed it. Then,afrer
graduation,
I wentto workior anlTcornpany
fl the USfore year..
MdnjWhat
.ornpany
wasthat?
Heleni
Natfeed{ommunicEtions.
Mon-'l5ee.
60 on.
Helen:And lhen I returnedto BritainI thoughtI mighrdo a
postqraduate
but lthinkI'd lrketo get a iob rnore
course,
Msn,-l5ee

B Mdn."50,
howarethingsnowyor.!'re
workingfromhomeT
l,ly'ofidn:
Well.it'5 got its prosand ir5 con5 | don't haveto
comrfute,
whichmeenr don'tget streqfdtryingto getthere
I eatlunchat ho,"ne
everymorninq
andI savemoneybecause
Anciof courle.
I cafimakemvownsrhedule

MoniYou
luckyth ng I wish| (ouldhavea rnoreflexible
schedule
90what'sthedownside?
womon:wp l. nFglboLrsard 'riendrkeeppoopirgir 'o, d (,rp
they know l'm hel all day ldont thinkthey
ofta because
believe
I stil havethingsto do Sometrmes
I haveto practically

kickthemout!
youfromworking
flghtnow amt?
ManjOh.
l"mnotkeeping
ldomon:|aughslNo, no

2b(p.so)
Tapescript
for Exercise
Prsenter
For ma!-ry
of us, a job interviewranksas one of lif's
toughestchallenges.
Commonre:ponses
to a caI to interview
range
fronrmild apprehension
to downright
terrot and litte wonder
Present
ng olrselvesto our best advantaqein todey'sfiercely
(ompetilive
lob marketis a dalntingtaskto saythe least.Human
jo ns me lodaywrThadvicF
Re(oL
andtips
res Valaqet Tirr Foste-.

on howto shineat your nte^riew

and.hopefuy, se(urethatjob!
Tinr,wlcome
to theproqramme.
fJmrThanks,lohn Yes,job intefviews
cedainlydo presenta
you with the
challenge,
but don't forgetthat theyelsoprovide
you'veappliedfor.
cpportunityto findoLrtmoreaboutthe posrtion
howe\,er.
it paysto do somehomework
Todo thatsuccessfuly,
Presenler
Homework?
to vsrt the cofipanyor organisatio
TimrYes.lf you can,arranqe
you'rerntereited
in joinng at leasta wekpriorto yourintervrew
to
yolrseifwith the environrnent,
the typeof worktheydo,
familiariEe
andthe kindof taiksyou'telkey to be assigned
asan employee
promotional
leafleE
Perhaps
or brochures
thcompanys
areavaiable
at the receDtion
desk lf so, takethen and readthem A liltle
preparatory
workw ll not onlyboostyourseLf-confidence
but also
(onvincea prospe(tive
thatyouTInterestin the compafly's
employer
servir:e
or producti5genulne
Presntri
see.50,whatnext?

Tapescripts
qo to weste.Useihe information
fim.Don'tlet yourInvestiqatrons
you'veqathered
questions
both to prepar
and anticipat
those
yoL'.eIkelyro beas<ed
iew.
dJrinqTl-e:nten
Prcsentet:
I suppose
it wouldn'tbe a badrdeato wr te themdown
eithr,
wouldit?
fimrOf course
not.anddoingsrrwill certalnly
hep youremember
detailsor deasyoum ght otherwseforget
Prejntrer:
What abouteeqingthole pre-inteF.,iew
neNesT

m:Well,onceagain,t's al down to preparation

Be orqansed!
Oon'toverookwhat mayappearto be the leasts gnificant
details,
suchit decidingwhat to wearto lhe inte.viewor ho\Nyou intend10
get there.Arnunqlate for yourappointment
will givea bad frrst
rmpression,
of tfaffc iams.delayed
so always
consider
the possibility
bLs5or lra ns and so on, and armto affrvefof your ntervrewwith
pleltyol trmeto spare
PreJentr:
OK"Supposing
we'vemadeit to the intervew withoutany
Whatnex17
seflous
ht(hesor astminuteDanic5
Iim: Neverforget that your conductmay be observedboth before
andaftrtheinterviewFromthe momeft youwalk ntothebuilding
candidates
be noite and courteous
to staffand Fellow
aike The
personyou wishgood mornng to in the reception
atearnaybe
you'lmeellatet
amongtheteamof interviewe|5
PleienterGoodDont! 50 then.howaboutthe Interviewitselft

58r

'm a big fan ol technology

actuallyso for me the bestchoi(e
wouldbetheiobin thesecond
Youcando(reatvework
situatlon.
OncompLrters
too yoLrknowl

lnferlo(l.rtor
Lookat the two picturesshowingdifferentmemorabl
moments.Compareadd contraslthe two picturessayng which
prsonis likelyro renrember
the momeft for the longesttime

5howpeope
5E; Thernostobvious
srn'rilarlt!/
s thatrrr...
bothpictures
tlmewithfamlyor fr end5A common
fedture
in
rt homesharing
peoplee)iperience
is the greatpleasure
in these
the pictures
situations.
-The
most notjceabe
difference
aoDears
to blhe naturecf the
psin thepictLres.'They
relatlonsh
arebothpersonal.
butenr... the
lcokslkea grardfather
secofdpicture
andgrafddalghtera very
relationship,
close
whileintheflrstpicture
ar,fin
isopening
thedoor
to qreetfr endsorrelatNes.
Thesituations
themsel!s
afe ..dissrm
ar
inrhatinthirst piciure
thmani5openlng
thedoor1orelitives
or
ft endswhomayhave{omeoverforlunchor d surprise
vrst,butin
picturt lookslikeit'sthebdbysllrslbidhday {ar see
theser:ond
gft
thegrandfather
holCrng
a bightly-wrapped

Well,... I thrnkthat th serondpi[tur s a moresrgnrficant

thanthe first,because
ocaasion
it'! quiteu5ualtoinviteOeople
to
ourhomer,whereal
a grandchifd's
firstb rthdays veryspecial
and
mpoftanl.
Forthrsreason,
I believe
in the
thatthegrandfather
picturei5 ikelyto get pleasure
saond
the
from remernbering
moment
forthe ongest
time,andwilltrasure
thismemory

Iim;Well,following
l'vejustmentroned
shoud ensure
theguidelines
that youenterthe ntenr'iew
roornfeelingcalmand focusedlf you
don't. at least s,.nile!After Bll. this is an interview not an
youareaskedandtry
interrogation.
Ljsten
careFully
to the que5tions
y andsuccinctly.
to answer
cleer
lf youdon'tunderianda question, /nterloeulor.'Wh ch oerron lcels the g eat"' .en'e o' pe*oral
Eskthe nteruiewer
to repeetft or exDlain
whatheor shemeans,
but
aahievement'
avoidsyingnothinq
at slldt anycost.
5A; We"l,...ralte t\ rar ;r rhefirstp,du.e.sceibratinq
somekind
Presenter
lf yo! srmplydon't knowthe answerto a question.llm,
of success
Hemighthavepasred
in exam...or beenpfomoted
at
whatthenT
wo* - 50 he coudfeela senseof personaachievement.
lhe
?im:Then,sayso, bur alwaystry to offer a reasonable
alternative
grendfather
erfl..probabiy
ir exper
enongperlonel
satisiactron
as
answer.
Remember
vouhdvea irnitedamountof tme to convncethe
heholdshrsgfandchid
n hrsa{nn.l'msurehefees proudafldloling
forthejob.Don'twestit.
interylewer
thatyouarethe rightperson
towards
hrEgranddaughte[
50.I th nk thatthemann pidureone
P/esenter
is t appropflate
to
Right.At whichpo nt in the interurew
gf personal
feesthegfatest
errr. sen5g
betause
the
achelernent,
askQueson57
grandfather
|5 expenenc
ng anotherkrndof emot.on,personal
Iimi Most interviewsconcludEwith lhe nte ewer invitinq the
satisfaalion
to haveno
candidate
to askquestions,
and t wouldb unusual
queries
havebeen
at ail. Havrng
sad that, if all yout queslions
/nter/ocutori
Thankvou.
goes
ther
sdy
so.
t
without
answefed
in the course
of the nterview,
personal
que5tons
sayingthat youshouldneveraskthe interviewer
abouth s or herprivate
I fe Beireve
it or not,t happen!!
UNIT4
Presenter
Tin],thanksverymurhfor youradvi':eandgoodluckto all
Now,on a sightly
iob hunterswho aretunedto this prograrnme
Tapescript
forExercise
2b(p.51)
differentsuble(t.haveyouever .. (fade)

,j Tapescript
for Exercise
4 (p.sl )
Inte otulor:Lookat the two pir-tures
showjngpeopleat work.
Coripareand cortfait the two p cture5,sayingwhtchpersonyou
th nk get5the mostsatisfa{tion
outof hisjob.
areusngthelrhands
to work.ln
SA. Well.. Inbothsituations
thepople
thefrrststLration
ih potteri5shapng theclaywithhisfingers
and
theyoungmanifl thesffonds{uato.ristypinginformtion
of the
keyboa.d
of h|5computer
u:inghisfingers.
Howevr,
thpottelt5
errr. . thatswherethesimarityendsbecaus
his...i.nigrntion
andclay,
whereas
creatinq
d beaLtfulobjectusing
Inolderts Produce
work.
theofficeemployee
s usngtechnology
.Job
satisfartion
isa personal
mattet,but...l'dsaythatthepottef's
heisanartist.
workmLStbehugely
because
5atisfi'ing
I fee thrs
to b a potterbecause
Forthisreason,
erfl l'd choose
of achievement.
workoffersa oreetsnse
youcoud do eltheriob whichwou d youchooselWhy?
Jnterlo.utor.'lf

Parnela
Roberts
in
When wasyoun9,
we lved n a three-bedroomed
serni-detached
thesuburbs.
It was nice,but my mumhadthisawfrl habitof never
t'r owingantthng awsy.50 thep acewasa ways.a"r-pac<ec
'ul o'
lamps,
allsorls
of st$ff:ofnaments,
clocks
tha!d dn'tworkanymore,
booksnobodywouldeverreadandso on 5o l've grownup to be
quitetheopposite
I ikethings
to be natandtidyandI likeroorns
to
'rol c'owdedor (lut-eredldon'r l-d,re
ook 5pdlioJ5.
dry "nne(essary

furnturein my houseand lovenaturaliqht Roofi]s

thdt are
room5
spa(ious
andbrightmakernefeelrelaxed
andfree.Cluttered
rnakeme feeldepressed
andclaustrophobic.
50 if l'm not using
something,
it' go in the binor n the oft.Hey,whatdoyouexpECtT
I'm a newspaper
editor,rt'sr]y iobto get ridof irrelevant
b tsl
HarryStaong

pilot,I travela ot and l'm sometimes

Beingan aidine
awayfrom
homeforweeks
at a time.SowhenI do romehomeI wantto feel
relakedand comfortallle.Home i5 whereI rest and recharqe
my

245

Tapescripts
batteriesAlthoughI ive n the city,I liketo feelrloseto natureso I
spenda lol of trmein thegarden.alsohavea lot oi pottedplntsn
I cansrt n
the house.My favourt roomi5th 5unloungebecause
there and look ou1 of the picrurev\'indowsonto the gillden,
whatever
the weatherThefe'sots of lightanda nicevew andit ls
decotatedin ne$lal cooursso fee tota ly at ease.

Heatheri
My pleasure.
Bruce.
Prcsenta:wel
thefrst fewpaoes
and, m!l( adrnt,
, I hada ookthrough
homes.
l m faslnated.
I men,al thrsweathgorngniosuchunr.sual
Hearher:
Yes.it isquitefa5rinating,
isn'tit?Eeinqrichhelpsif youwant
to burldyourown fairytele
cestleso it s not surprising
that sorrreof
thestraflgest
bu d ngsin Britain
werebult byweathypeople.
Presenlerr
slu I we ralkabouta fewof thernl

sarahconway

FJedfherisure.
tetS5taftwithWelbeckAbbeJr.
Ths wasthehomof ScottBetr|(k,rne li'h DJkeol PortlandA tl-oughWellbc(
Aboey\rasfuge,

I likemy houseto feelwarm,cosyandco.nfoftab

e andto havethat
'ived n' look I ikerichcolours
andsoid furnitufe[hdtis beautfuland

wrlllastforever.I havea goodincomasa solictor end so1canafford

thc n certhrngs
in lifeandlwantmyhometo fellectthrs.I suppost
my
la5teis traditrona,but I just don't seewhat is 5()greataboutmodern
desrgns.
Theymakea roDmseemcoldand empty-ican't 5tandba{e
white walls and empt/ shelvesI like to havemy favouritethings
aroundme, ikeornaments
andpidures
andfamiy photos.

Tapescript
for Exercise
1b(p.66)
Speaker
1

rhFD,keo'rlyI'vedinoneroomoftnel-ouse
a'd avoroed
allromafiwth
weresentto hrTon a rnniatureraiwayhainfrorn
ottlerpopleH6rneals
thekitchefsothathe\&$uld
nol haveto seehs servar]ts.
Hespentmo5tof
nisfofluneouildinoa (eronohou.eLndF'tfe firstone.Tlrrslds a'r 80
rnetrelonqI brdryandthelargest
ba roon in England,
withroomfor2,000
qLens,wh .h isstraflqed5he neve hdda'y
Presenteri
Unbeievable..

Heather
And it geti evenmoreunDeievableWhenrelatvesvrsited
prece
theydrdnotfinda sin!,]e
thehouse
of lurniture
afterh 5 dearh,
whi(hwreal pantedpink.The
n anyof the roomsaboveqround,
one LJpstairs
roofir I whi[h he lved waslull of hurdredsof green
bro\r/nwig.
boxes,
earhonerontaininga srngle

Ithouqhtit wolld be fun,you know- bengwith sevnpeoplewith

PrcsentetOJl
of thr: wor d. Whataboutthe onewe wered scussinq
iateresb
per5onalf
differnt
ard
erdnd50on Butmagine
|']lal[trying
to
eartier.
WrreyPark,
wasit?
(ooka mealor usethebathroom
at thesamet me..chaosl
Thesolutnn
Hedrher:
That'srght. \iitley Parkbeonqedto WhitakefWright He
wasto organrse
rctasfof e.verlthing,
andbeleveme.thatcanseriously
spenta foduneimproving
the hou:e Oneot thesernprovernen
qor-ral
rrle'lerpwrh]oJ
rfe mean.yo-rtJ-'tjuitdtopedeq,4l-rrg
arc
ballroorn.
Headdedfourartifl(ia
wasthebuildngof an undeMater
go
youl
your
can
decdeto out rfrt's
turnto cookforeverybody,
akesto thegrounds
end,in the middle
of oneof ihem,hcreated
a
smaI sland.Beneath
thrsis a largebalroombuiltof ironandglass.
Speaker
2
Eventodav,thosewho are invtedtherecanstillwatchthe fish
It'sgredtndvngd pla(eto yoursell
renbarefar frorn
b$t London
pastastheyddnae.
5wrrnming
asI drs(overed
whenI moved
hefesixnronths
ago.strll,I had
cheap,
Prelentef
I wonderf it,5too muchmonevthatmakes
vouwdntto do
to my id in the
a qoodfeelinqaboutKatewhonshereiponded
strange
th ngswithyourhouse...
paper,andberoreI knewit she'drnovednI ThinEs
happenfastInthis
wealthyto have
Heatherj
Wd , actualxyoudo not hJ!to beextremely
ciryand fndingthe rightpersofl
to sharewth canb a bit of a
Rockln Sussex,
forexample
Thehousers
home.TakeEaqle
lotten/l'marnazed
we geton soweI in sucha 5malflatconsidering dneccentri{
in
shaped
ikea hugeg ass-and
steebrd lanRit{hie
bulltthe house
we}verecomplete
sirangers
whenwe firstmetl
the'head
1981.
The'body
andwing:'formthelrvngaccommodation,
speaker
3
is a loft,the 'beak'is a carporchandthe'lail' is a ronserualory
And
thereis A exander
who wdsan erEmpeof someone
\^/ofrley,
who
TheBrownsaTe
ovelypeople
and,haviflgmyownroom,I dofeelpanof
expressed
h6 deasthroughhischoiceof homeHedidnot agreewth
the famly althoughI adrnitit took rnea whie to get usedto their
payRgtaxesind so hchosto livein a smaI woodenbox- 1 metre
weeklyroutine,not to rnentron
the Britishwayof ife.lhere nas so
rnuchto remember:
thechidrenffomschool,
whattimeI hadto collect
ther ikesanddislikes.
organising
thingsto do al theweekend
. things
llkethat.lts a I paftof myjob,though,
andtheypaymea lloodsalary
Speaker
4
Inconsderateis too kinda word to describe
our RaDh! He'5t',!entvfourandeboutEsdofferticated
a5a wolFhlumtomotans that she
didn't bfnq him Lrpthat way and wonderswhy he': such an
unqrateful
slobat hisage. t:ouldtel her! He ta ks about'findinq
work and we'rt-g grivacy
arc rndeoendence
, blt whtb 5hedoes
everything
for h m exceptb ow hisnote,he'sfleverqo nq to (learoff!
Speaker
5
YoucoLld5ay m d creature
of hnbt man,I'rnaccustomed
to
dolagth ogsa cedarn
way ..wei, mywayto be honest,andI doubt
whetherl'd adaptverywel to havinqsomeone
elsehangnq around
Not that I don'tappreriate
a bit of aompany
onceIn d while;vistors
arewekcmeto dfopby providing
theyaren'tcar,Tinq
a suitcase
and
allther worldy belongings!

Tanescrint
for Exercise
2b{p-66)
Presenter:
Btitainhasbeenthe homeof manv farnouseccentrics
W ih
me heretod-y is HeatherCarey.authorof The Homesof the Great
BritishEccentrics.
Heather,
thanksfor comingin.

746

wide.'.2 FreTres
longard t 5 Terreshig\ lhe bor Jvds
or wFeeBso

Irecouldtravewithit. Theonlyflrrnrture
inside
wasanoldbusseatand
someshelvesHe lvedin thisunqlrmobilehomefor mostof h s life

untrl
hedied,
attheageoferghry

Presnter.
ll.rpdible Hea'qe,..har( yoLlery rL( h tor p ning 'ne lodd/.

Eccentric:,
isavailable
lrom...
Heather's
book,TheHomes
of GreatBrrtish

Tapes(ript
for Exercise
4 (p.66)

/nler/ocutor,
Now,1'd ike you to talk eboui somethingtogetherfot
aboutthreemlnmesl'm lust90 ng to lt5tenHerearesomepictures
of household
itemi Tak to eachothefabouthowoftenyouuseeach
thataresoimportant
lhat everyhoraeshould
one lhen choosethree
lravethem.

5Ar Thecooker
andthefridgearethiaqs Lrs
everydayandlthrnk
home.Whatdoyouthink?
al iiemsin every
theyareessnt

s&

E''t

We vegor d m I lowa\re... lhe/ re good.

54; Yes,but you cancookmorethrngson a traditonalcooker

Don'tyouaqrel
5Ei Mrnmm
...ldo|'t know.- rnaybe. Haveyougota toaster?
do you?
54r No.I don'tthinktheyatenecessary,
No. ...We ve go! d to'r p lP

l ikFolaygarresa lor.YoJl

prs
Tapescri
54.' We haven'tgot a computerat home I wattn TV everyday
thouqhandloften playCDson my hr-fi.ldon'tth nk I corJd
livewithouteitherof those.I th nk that everyhomeshould
havesomeformofertertairment

Worndrr
Absolutely.
People
are,.nore
th:n hdppyto makeqlow th less
money
iftheyaregoingto havemorecontrol
olertheirworking
llves
Presenter
Whataboutpeoplewhoabusethe system?
| mean,whatif

Yeah.. l\y'etoo.
54.. Probablv
theTVi5the fno$imoortdnl
of the three,then.What
about the drshwasher?thrnk they are handy,but not

woman:l|'s
not realya problem.
lf peoplefoolaroundwitha personal
hoursagreement
t becomes
obvlorslery quickly.
Businesses
lookat
produttvily lf yousayyou'veworked50 hoursat hometh 5 month,

abgoutelyessent
withoutone.
al,Wemanage
t k r nn
thF iplpnhonp?
58r
be one oFoLrrchortEs.
54.. I thlnkthe telephone
shoulddefrnitely

Everyone
neds
a phoneat home.
sB. No . l usemyrnobllephonernore
JAi Alright.youcouldberight,butwhatabouttherronandron|ng
y qo!
We'vedefinite
board?Surely
everyhomeneedsthose?
Inem.

yes... but not raly ... lotsof (lothes.. don'tneedto

JBr Er m . ..
ironed
Actually
lthink you'renght.5owe agreelhn.Thery the
itemsthat
fridgeandthe cookerarethe threeflrostiroportant
everyhomeshoufdhave.
yes...OK
58.. ...Efm.-.
5Ai

lnteo$to'. Whatdo vouihinklifewouldbe lke withoutmodern

appliances?
5A: I think everythng would takea lot longef.lt wou d be drfflcult
to keepfoodfreshwithaut a fridgeendcookingwouldbevery
dlffirultwithouta {ooker.Whatdo youthrnk?
SBi Uh . we d belired

tntlocutdr
choredo voudisikethe mostandwhyT
Whichhousehold
lly saving
thifk modern
appliances
havemadeourlueseasier
ustrmeandwork.We now havemorefreetimeto do more
enjoyable
thingsar hoffieiflsteadof housework ch asusng
HowahLt you?
ourCDplayers
andcomputers.
5& oh .. Erm I aqreew th you.

54-

50meone
taysthey'vebeenwork ng at homewhen theyhdven't?

ther yoJ hd"eto suomrL

lhe work Ar erpeflenced
mdndger
r-aneasly
tell whether\fthatyou 5ubmitrealy is 50 hours'wonh of work or
whetheryouput it al halt ly togetheron a sundayafternoon
Prcsenter:
So you've been usinq personalhours(ontracts n your
for a yearnow,is that right?
co,mpany

Woman:Yei.
Prerente.Hou,sucrerslut
rar the ryrlFmbeen?

Womdn.ExtlemelyTo begif \dth, we've anra{ted a aoupleof

executrves
whom we would never have been able to affold
otherwiseSecondly,
all the peoplewho chosea personalhours
rontracthaveproducedconsiderably
moreand better-quality
wsrk
thantheypreviously
in the
did.Andanother
thing,the atmosphere
peopiearenotas5tTssed
officeismuchmoreeasy-going,
because
as
tireywerewhentheyworked9'5.
Prejenteri
Are there 5 ll peapte n your (ompanywno worK
9.5?
lvomdfliOh yes, qute a few Sorneof them prelr to have a
Itrutturedroutne,so theyd dn't takeour oflerof a personal
hours
contrdct.afd others well ' we didn't maketheman offr.
Prejenle/iWhy not?
I'yomcni
Well, peoplewho work qn a personalhourscontract,and
peope who worka lot of hoursat home,needto havea
especjaly
you,so you needto
certainsetof extraskils.No one ii supervisinq
be self-rnotivated
andcomfoftableworkinqbv voursef Younedto
bed gcipned,havesetqoals
andqoodtirnemanaqernent
skrlslf we
feelthatanemployee
hasn'tgotthesesklli. thenwe won'l offerhim

a personal
hourtcontract

UNIT5

ldtelocutorI hankyou.

Module 2
Self-Assessment
-9-i

Tapescript
for Exercise
e(p.s0)

Fresenfer:
With rne in the siudioio discuisthe new trendcalled
'personal
t5Buslness
AnnDudey.Af'ne.
hour5r:ontracts'
consultant
thanksforcoming
in.
l{omaniThankyou,Jarnes.
Prerenterj
t5 a 'pergonal
hours
contract'?
Now,whatexactly
t{omdn;
wth
Whatit basically
manss that youhaveEnagreement
youremployer
to worka celrainnurnberof hoursperyaLbutwrth
you
maxlmum
flexibiltvln otherwords,thesehourscanbewhenever
you couldwolk twenty-lolr hoursover
want them.Forexaffipl,
off, and work
Mondayand Tuesday,
and Thursday
take Wednesday

another
eleven
hours
at horn
onFrdayandsaturday
P,Jeflten
Why e'e bLsinesses
offe-ingth.sopt ol"I I Inedn,what oo
theyget out of it?

Wofidnwel. companies
wantto attracthighfliers- peoplewho have
Now th|Ss strarghtforward
verydesirable
skilsanda lot of expeflefice.
for largecorporations
who canpaythesepeopleveryh gh salaresBut
rrnal businesses
can't affordthat. 50 theyvecomeup with th5
allernative
Theyofferernpoyeesthe chancto fit theirJobsaround
therT
theirlives,ratherthanhiveto frt thrrI vesaround
1obs.
PEsenter.
50arethesepeople- thesehighfiers.a5youcaledthemlor m0feflexibility?
willngto qiveupthe r fal salaries

Tapescript
for Exercise
3 ( p.83)
A
9peaker

Well,bascally,youcanfindthemon everyhighstfeetcornerI meen

they'rea partoFeveryday
lfe allovertheworld,aren'trheyTI likethe
roovenience
of them.tor example,f I havea busyddy,I canpop n,
buya burgeror somefr es andbe backat work in ten m nute5l'm
not suTe,of course,abolt the nuir tionalvalueof whit they Serv,

verytastyl
butit'sceria|nly
E
Sbeaker
I thlnkit'sgrealthatwe cannowlet cheaper
tickets.
Companies
cutout elllheextrai5u.hasin-flight
meabandboarding
cards
havE
thatthe requlaf
onesofferandso th fnal costis so muchmore
rea,orablePer:onally
in havirgfanryme.lso'
ld"n 1orinterested
moresptsce
or anyth-q 'ike t\aT. All | -eed is to ly fro-nA lo B a5
cheaply
Espossible
andthats t!
Speaker
C
Sornepeoplefind it ratherertstic Theythink it ir a moderrway for
youngstersto expressthemselves.I fifld t all too messyand
unattractive!
Any sparewa I spaceis beingeatenLp by th 5 waveof
5o-caled
artsti( talntlBasrcally
rt rs destructron
of propertyand

ra rdasm.W5ydon'rt5eyea'r to p;r1l 'rqtead?

247

Tapescripts
nowlet'sf nd our aboutthe mae sde o[ lhinqsLetmesee
whataboutthisyounqmaf here?
Dovidr
i'm Davidand.whelhefwe like t or not, i fee it's d
partof everyday
liFethat keepsusin louchwth the
necessary
probatrly
wouldn'tsurvve
latsttrends.After all, businesses
on
wrthoutrt.desprte
thefa':tthatlvedo oftenbuyth ng$based
whdtfr endsmiqhtrecommend

,; Tapescript
for Exercise
1b(p.88)
Teenager
its one of the lew plogramrnes
Wel. actually,
llke it because
that hasa I the I ght elpments.
Foroneth ng,It staE one of Ffly
favouriteactors,Doug Kelly.rtuhoseemtto haveth s amazng

Hea wayshasmesitt19
ablityto creareanexotrngatmosphere
it'sgreatto qet air deacf
on theedgeof myseat!Andof course
how wealthypeoplei!e, \Nhch s the mdinreasonwhy I enioy
warchingl rea y.

knowwherethe placeis,don'tyou?lt'sjusttwodoorsdownffom
the officEso rt'5(onvenlentlor everybody
Right.What'st rkethereT
Cldir:
Hele,xj
lt openedlastwkandthey5aythe foodE out of thiswofldl
our stop!
Youdo likechinese,
don"tyou?oops,... neadymissed
havero popInlothebanksol'l seeyoulater.
Cloii.e:
OK Bye
Mon:Eaod mornrng,l'd I ke sqme nformatioitof someof the
activtresyouoffer
Yes,of course ls therean!4hrngyoule partrr:Lr
Fe.epl.ionr5t
ary

rnterested
in?
MonrWe l. m oorrg dr dtrr-l lut of sittrng.so 'm desoerale
[o
have5ome5ortof toia bodye*er{:.se

fie(eptioniJti
Well,we offer a varietvof aflivities,but of course

yorJcanpraclice
foryou Forexampe,
ifting
notallaresuitabl
you'relookng for a
weights,but then,as you mentioned,
general
certan areas.
wo*olt rather
thanonethatstrengthens
I
personaly
or lhe qeT]eral
ftness
suggest
the poolproEramme
programFre,
whicharebothgoodforlota bodyexni5e
Monr[,4TT']mmTnffim,
I thinkt'llsette forthe fifstone,as loveihe
wdierso it shouldbe guiterela.ring
aswell.5o, when,-anI
startand..
4

fntervrwer
Todey
in thestudiowearede qhtedto wecomeback
Forltaran
oneof our favour
te starswhocertanlvhasa passion
.ty p a i0 cultLfeTfere<a
Ban<5,
I hearyoJ 'e off to \y'rlan
aI tfe
end0f lheweek"s thattrueT
lherej4:Ah, \,!elrt'srealysupposed
to bea scret.but I'm adually
leavlnothe cahvak behindfor a few monthsto takethe leadrole
opposlte
actofAllyWelsh.
for a whrle.then.
lnteryieBEr
Sono morephotosegsions

Whataryou lookng for)

5 aouisei
p. . . lm l o o l n g
M og g te ,| k n oIp
wu t Themr t l-s bag>omewh.
for .
louisfiPutyaurglasses
on andthenyou miEhtget sornewherel

that'swhatl'm lookingfor,mydearLousel
Mdqgie;Well
louiseAnd of course
if youtookyourglovesoif. you mightbe

ableto findyourglassesl
here !\e Jre!Any\,!ey. .st r&artto c\eck the \tuash
Moqgie.
ng
rr\trLcr:olso'r Lhe\prrpw,pars.I hooelhey''prol dry-r.lean
onLy

n Eht.
l'mp annlng
to wearthmto thepartyon Saturday
6 HortrW|, we'vehad qurft a nlmber of readionsfrorn the
youngadiestn O U T IV audenceon thethemeof advertis
ng.so

248

7 Man

Maxwellralledmeinto hrsoffrclatelestnrohtto ta k aboutthe

toopenintheSpring.
Woud youbelieve
newchainhe'splannrng
ng lrveentertainment
in ea{h
he'sactualythrnkinqof provrd

Helen.
Morning,
Clerre,
howa{eyoufndingyournewlob?
C/orisFine.
thanks.
Hefen.
of cor.rfse
it'Lltakeyoutimeto getusedto lt I renEmber
it
took me at leastthree fionths to feel comfortdblethefe. I
pres!me
you'veheard
aboutthenightout thatwe'veorganised?
cldire.Ye5,haveyoudecidedon a dayyet?
Heler.lt wasgo ng to betornorrow,
blt I'vealreadyplanndto go
ahe! work.YoJ
to [-e Lnerd. so we te goingor Wedresday

HorhThank
vo!. Davd. Now,whdt abott tllrs

to wetsr
locaion lts bad enoughtll;t he wsnts employees
sake.we'teln fastfood not
trendyuniforms,
trut,for goodneis
showbusines:l
I

(mo!el'-li,where veyor beer.. hJventreeryoLlor ages.

leenoger
Fiend (fematelWeil, the farnilymoveddown south about six
Dadfounda job downthere,so I'mpayrng
monthsagobecaLrse
n quickvisitto rclativesbelorelstart un ver:itytn Qctober.ltl
amazinqholt muchhas(hangedI rneanthat shoppnE.entre
... looksikethe in
wasn'theresixmo hs aqo it'stncredible

place.
Teendqer
You'rcjokiflg of courselOK jts got everylhrnqyou
need,blt lwouldn'tbeieendeadtn a placelikethatl
Friend:
Sowheredo youguyshafg outther?...

pt forExercise
2b(p.88)
Tapescri
hte1ie,rte(We \tuehon'plo 4p p'og im^rF loddy HelF" Wndal,

a seresof articeson the ivesof modern

who hasiustcompleted

japanesewomen Fo.the rnagazrne

Woften'slsiuesHelen,welcome.
Journdlijti Thank you, Cary
lnrffvreweriNow.
hasan),tll,fgc\Jnqed for wo'i"er i'r lapan in -ecenl
year51

a lot
Joufiotist:11wou
d be wronqto 5aythat thingshavechanqed
y
recently
beca!5ethe roleof wofirenln that colntry has basica
followedold (ustomsandlraditionsfor generalions.
Oneof these
these
tradltions
ir, of (ourse,to marryThetypicaageior marriage
daysbeingaround27.
IntErvieweri
So how can they be sureof findng the rjght partnerat
that age?
ptsrentS,
for exampe,
JournallistWell,
if is quitecommonfor iapanese
paltners
In orderto findout
to checkout possible
to paydeteatives
qene'alh,
abouttLe 'arFrly
bd([q'6Lrrd
tnleftiewet:Sa,
v"ome"tten setTlerapolly
o lce they n-arryJapanese
intothEtliietme role?
Journdllstj
Well, yes,but trainingcoursesbeforemardageare stil
popur. lhey tend to learntraditiondEru su(h asthe tea crefirony
women,to be the deal
FormanyJapanese
and forderarranging.
housewifeis a full-trmelob and some motherseven trarn the r
dauglrters
at horne
housewfe do that is so
/nterylewer:
50what doesa ivDi(alJapanese
diffefentfromotherhousewrves?
som!,! vesmeybeexpected
to re5enie
for exarr]ple,
JourndrJt:Weli,
qeltngon at
a seatcn a trainat onestationreadyfortheirhusbands
andmothers
wtl almostce{ainlvb nloved
thenext.Allhousewives
the clothes
andmakinga tradtiona!
in the daly rouiineol washing
at schoo.
lun{h whirhthevthentaketo theirchildren
Interyieweli
5a what do worfen get In return for tdkingrare of
evervone?
theya.e expededto giveup anyrealhope
tourrldlisti
Well,basically,
fo(ustsalmostrertarn
y on theorganrsEi
on
of a caleefasthegeneral
of th fdmiy and home.one thinq they don't usuallyhaveto

Tapescripts
orqarrrse,
hov\?ever,
is babysitters
asrnarried
couplesin Japrndo not

UNIT6

tend to qo out together

,nleryrewer
Andwhataboutthe r ghtsof women?

f.orExercise
Tapes.cript
2 (p.99)

Journolrst
Well, there was one particular\ /ornanwho did actualy

gta highpostioninportlcs,
manageto
butbecause
shewasurmarred
ihewasunable
to (ontinue
herworksupporting
therightsofwornen
lnterviewft
Generaly
speaking,
though,I thinkwe areall awareof a
strongtraditionof respect
the Japanese,
don'tyou think?
Emonqst
AndonthEtnote 'm afraldwe'verunout of tin e, but I woud rust|ke
with us
10thankHelnverymuchfor sharing
herrch experiences
todayandhopethatshe...

Tapescript
forExercise
4 (p,89)
lnferlocrrtor:
Lockat the two picturesshowingdrfferenttypesof TV
prografltmes.
wny
Coffipareand contrEstthe two pi.tures,sayrng
peDpe tendto watcheachone Whrchis mofepopuldrwfthyounq
people
andwhy?
JA: [,lmmmmmmrn In thefi6t photograph
the nevlspfoqramme
rs

rading
.- of coutse,
the nwst5
a formalstualon.'Thepersnn

joufnaist. He is mm.qtmrnm
... very
e{fif('rrt .. an xpenenced
lorrnally
TheerTrfi..bEckglolndn thisnew5
dssedandserious.
programme
wlth a v ew
show5a larqetypeoFmmm. . TVsaten
theyuseit to showthe\deather
...
of theci\,,perhaps.. or maykre
rrrTrr or eventsall over the world Neu/sprogrammes
show
droundthe
errrfrr...th qood and the bad thrngShappEning

\ar'orld,
be...a lttte dehrssinq
buttheycanerrr sometimes
photoqraph
shows., elrrrrf l
NoWerrrrrTr the second
lookshappyhelshcldrnq
thinkit'sa gameshow.TheFresenter
a lot of moneymmmmm thdt mustbe the prizeHe is
standrng
in froft of errfirffffr
a b 9 signwiththe nameof the
show in rghts Probebly
the showis .. rnflrmmmm
.. a
Mmrnmmm lhey have.
competition
two families.
betlrveen
in mEny
erfrrr rhese
lype5of pfogramrnes
countries.
do you most like to
/nftrlocutor.
whrh of the t\so programnres
watrh?Why?
ford;fererl
58. Wel pe'sofally,
lenjoybothtypesof p,ogrdrn.rcs

redsons.
but geferalytendto wat(hgdmeshcwsmorethan
proqrammes,
ne,les
especEily
' I reedc\ee'ing:p

Spa*er
1
t wasjusl worderful,andso quiet,we onlycounteda handfulof
5olidayrrakers
wh.lewe !&erethere.We spenTod' tr-nere'a{irg

plrncking,dndwatchng th wildife. the cottagewasreallysimpe

of coursebut (omfortable.
lo te you the truth. t was goodto
l'lereare
escape
frornth TV,th phone,the fax andthe coffiputer.
somephotos
ofturtlesnestrng
onthebeach
Speaker
2
l'd redommend
th s typeof holidayto ; nyonewho wanti to corne
y relaxedand readyto facethe world;qan. The
horneeomplete
wholeplacewasjustsoatrnospheric,
ln hi!to!ya5you
andit'sseeped
know. The food !!45 lovely,actuall!,qrown In Tne garoens50
everyhi'qtl-"r we were servd,vasreally+esf Ard Thescenery

fromthetop wasjustbreathtaking.
Speaker
3
WhenI wentoverthe RrftValley
in a helicoFter
it tookmy trreath
awaylsleptunderthe starsandbreakfa5ted
in the openair I fellin
lovewith the pace.Theaflrountof wildife you seeis amazirig,
l'l
defndelyqo bark.

Tapescript
for Exercise
a (p.102)
All p.r5snqe's
for fl qlrt KLM726ro Ariste'ddmp easeproreed

z
3

ro gateL
Thetrainstanding
to London
at F)latfofm
2 is the 13 J7 service
Eu5ton.
Patsngers
,rreremirddto keeptheirluggage
w th themat all
nte5.

Wewillbedocking
at Calais
in 30 minutes
Avod the M25snd usean alternatrve
Touteor youcouldface

verylofgdelays.

Taoescriot
for Exercise
1b(p.104)
Speaker1

showrng
veryd fferent
lnterlocuto/.
Lookat thesetwo photographs
festyles.
Compare
andcontrast
the pictufes

Apartfrom peoplewrth chidrencf sEhool

age,lvhohavelitt e chorce
whento tdkethir holiday,haveverylitllEsympathyfor peoplewho
a|]dgo
moanboutdelay:Whydo iheynot usetheirimagindtion
58r Well,first of all,their rfelrylesare veryd ffetentandwill be
And
somewhere
a ittle rnoreintresting,
and E iltle lesscrowCed?
rewardingfor a numoelof d fferentreasons.
Errr... \ryhaiI
whydo people
choos
to go on holdayin lulyandAugust?
| takerny
mean15 -.tfrelddyif the first plctureobvouslyenioysa more
annuaiholidays
ln Octoberor November:
flghtnow the weathe.I
hectlcwayof lrfe.I rmagne
thatevery
dayis a busy,
strssful
beautrfulin the UK- you haveto be crazyto want to go somewhete
meUnqs
and long
day,with phoaesringing.appontrnents,
elre.Thisway I enioythe bestof both worldr.Summern sunny
pictule,
hoursTheadyInthesecond
on theothelhend,seerns
Er]gland
andAutumnn sunnySpain.
much more relaxedand contentwith her choce of lfestyle.
ly and{learlyanrietyis Dotd
She'sdressed
much.norecasua
Speake/
2
paftof herdailyit.50.... herlifestyle
r: boundto ncludeerrr
Wl'y do oeooe keepgo:ng01 package
rolidayr?
A'rargeir your.elf
paintlnqol
more peacefulactvitesluch as gardenlnq,
andsEve
lotsof moneyWe'velustcornebackfromtheAlgafve.
We
readino
Derh;os.
drovethereandbackthroughFranleand5pain.lt took3 daysto get
thefeaswe stoppedoff every? or 3 ho!15lo havesomethng to eat
lnferiocutor:
Whichpictureisc oserto your deallifestyleT
anddlnk orjlst to lookarolndandswm in thesea.Youget to seed
becauie
5Ar wouldliketo hdvethe lifestyleof the businesswoman
heckof a lot moreplaces
too We bookedour hotlon the Internet
I amst ll youfganalI
.. eflrrit is muchrnoresatsf/ ng beceuse
andarranged
carcoverwith a French
versonof the AA \,!hoonly
in the second charqed
Thelifestyle
wantto havesome
errfr...51.]cce5s
u$ f56 for total'travel
cover.50 no waitingat aDorts,no
photois morerelaxrng
andrnaybr w 1prefefthatwhen 'm
peopleTakeit
coaches,
no enforced
walks,no taxisandno qrurnpy
o derandI dadeto stop...eeeerrrrfetrle
frornrne;it wasa fabulousholidav
lfiterlocutorThankyou.

249

Tapescripts
Speaker
3
lhad a wonderful
week's
hordayn brzathatwasony s[ght]yspoiled
repsd d everythtnq
theycoud
by a coachdrivers'
5tri(e Theholiday
to get usto the airporton t me anddidn'tcopetoo bady considef
nq
the circumstances.
Thearlinewasawfu ihough Theyput us on to a
d fferentplanethathadno foodor drinkon boa.d.lt went to thewrong
arpod so n'e were DUt on finother plane slil w thout any
ret.esh.rentsbackto -ofldon.Noapoogr eft\e' ,6'ndet GJt\/rck had
handlers
unloaded
to wait for overtwo hourtwhilstthe baggage
the
plane,
wrthnoerplanahon
for the delayln fad. theyonlymanaged
to
do fourothe planes
ir that t me.lr wouldhive heped fsomeonefrom
the firm we flew with fradbeenthreto so tilingsout but then they

lardng
wereprobably
too busygLe55i
E !q'nee therrotheto are: \^,ere
Speaker
4
No firattefhow carefuyoll are and whaleverprccauton5youtake,
theres a way5a chance
thatyourlugEage
$,illbe lo5tat an a rport f
yourappearance
rI you aretfavelrnq
rnattefsto yor' and especrally
on businss it cantake a lot of worryout of a lolrney if yourarfy
eJerytl'ngyou need--oroTe-igrt "rd o'p slrat dayin yorr lrond

Therearea wayssoflrethingsthatpeopleloveto weafmore

uqqage.
thanothers,so t's bestto makesurethdttheonethrngyoupickfor
yourhandluqgaqe
istheoneyouwouldmosthatto loseThatulayrf
w th the thought
the estarelostyoucanat leastcor-ifortyourself
to metwiceand
thdtyourfavourite
5 stillwlthyou.lt hashappened
eachirmehaving5onethrngsmartto wealthe nextdaysavedmylife.
SDeaker
5
I hada babe[uen ,Tybackqafdenandinvrted
somefflends
o!,erto enjoy
I don'tundentand
the heatin that $ll-knownsunspot
cdledLondon.
I kespan - a smalchld w ll behard
why people
takesmalk dsto places
pressed
ro reI the d.ffp.ence
bflveenMaior(aa'd BouneroLrFr LLle
lLrrr]el y'oLdor'r raveto dtargeyoJ CUenryandeve'i'ravirgro pur
Jp \r th rheprobleTs
o[ ou ra'lq61effhJsto bebererthanLqht deldy\
dr pi..lere"d of tl^"l, p lf l-ornglhirgsto keeothFk dso(.boiedisyoJ'

your
malnholidaycoftcern,
takea bt ,"fofetff ;nd cre n choosing
de5tindtion
ard a !:hld friendly
wayoI gettrngthete.

Tapescript
for Exercise
zb(p.i04)

Youcanget
to lakeevEry
toy theypossess
awaywrtrlthefiron ho!dayL
aroundthis probern by g ving them d smallbagof ther ownand
te lingthemtheycantakean''thingthey ike,dslonga5it fitsin the
baq Remember,
if your(hildrenhavea happyhoiday,thensowrllyo!
O'r.p ycu'vFrea,herJyo.rrde\trnatioT,
a4d you'vespnta few davs
you'l probably
want to senda few
seengthe sightsand relaxing,

postcards
hoifleto tel everyone
aboutit. fyoudon'tknowyourfriends'
on self-adhesiv
addresses
by heart,yoo.an !!rit out thiraddresses

ldbelsbefo'cyo . lpa,erome.Then.afteryo, vewritte' yoir postcd.dr,

juslsticka aLleonthe backandpopihemin thepost.Theabels

which
youhaven'tsenta postca.d
remainW;I remnd youof the friend5
to,

and no oFewrlJbe forqottenl Onemore dea s to sendphotographs

at
infedd oF postcardsTheyre muchmore pe[sona,end everyrcne

homewi I beabletq seewhatyou'reupto

Manyof usenioyshoppng whenwe re awayfromhomeandoften
whenwe'Teon holidiywe spotbargains
or fnd souvenrrs
thatwe
waft1to takebackw th us,but we don'thavemuchroornn our
sutcase.Thesolulrons td carryai'rxtrEfold-upbagin the bottom
ng
cf yoLrca5,thal wayyou'llhaveenoughspaceto .:arryeveryth
Onemoret p rclated
to tluyrngth ngs.rf yor!
on yoLrreturnjourney.
pufchasesomethlnqexpen5
ve, t 5 d good ideato kepthe receipt
w th youat theairpoftwhenyou'regoinghome.Thatway.f you're
queslionedby !:ustomiofflcialsEboutthe itern,yo!'ve got proof of
pufchEse.Kep
caniaveyoud ot of timenndtrouble
ng fecipts
holiday.
Lrttlethrngs
5{r,thosearenrytipsfof d happyandtrouble+re
lf youhavegomeof your
meana lot, thyaanrndkeor breaka hoiiday.
own holidaytips,
I'd loveto hearflornyou

4 (p,10q)
Tapescript
for Exercise
lnte ocutorNow 'd ike you to talk aboutsorflethingbgetherfof
of
aboutthreeminutes.
l'rnj!5t goingto listen.Hrearsomepictures
souveni|5
that aresod in d fferentcountriesTalkto eachotherabout
whichtwo youwouldbuyandwh chtwo youwourl definte y not buy.

rsquitenice,butI don'tth nkI'dbuyt.

5A_. Mmmnr,the ncklace
qR

I t.| nk [ ] qui!" p ett]. I rright buyit Fo'my morne'-l'e l'atr are

qre,)1.
rhui,gh,are-'tthey)W'at a'etl-eycalledtSorbreros/

54 Yes,but irfaginetrylngts carrythemhomelYoucoudn'twear

them on the pane. They'fetoo bigl Now, heres a nce little

youcouldput n yorrrrucksack.
souvenir

Withsumn]ef
tlrecorner,
our lhouqhts
turnto ho||days.
Justaround

'd liketo sharewithyoua fewt p5to Ensure

lhat allgoessmoothly
JBi vr,bur.t'sd bir oo'i'lq.ir1" I ldol'l lhirk fl $uy Thebowl
lwouldbuythat.
is realypretty,thorigh.andthechopsticks.
F .stthingsfirst,we startwith pdckingMo5ttoiletrymanufacturers

seemto r.ake a specalpointof pa[kag]nq

their productsin
contarnrl
wrch areeitherlargeot heavyOnewaylo cut downon
the weightin yourbagis to bLrysorr]e
smallbottlesand po!r nto
themjust enoughsharnpoo
or showefgel fcr the holday.Another
ideai5 to colec1:ampesof foiletriesthro ghout the yeat readyfor
whenholidffv
trmecomes
around

Whdtelseneeds
to qo n lhesuitcase?
lt 9 a goodideatc takea few
rNashing
powder,
oddsandendswithyousuchasanaarmr:Lock,
and
anadaptor
sockets
olugforforeign
Strllon thesubje,:t
of packrng,
et's ookat surtcases.
Tokeepyour
designr
casessafe,keepthem sifirple!lf you useveryexpensive
I nvte theft A 5rmole
calewon't tle noticedas
$utcases
lou v'.'r
mirchby theves.lrlakesureyourcaseis hardto openandhasa
toughrtfaparoundit tno dsthi5willfurthefdeterthie\les
tet5 talk aboutlhe iourneyitsef now.lf you'reflyingwith young
chldren.a oocketful
of sweets
cansavetears Chldrens earswillbe
les!aftectedby d r pressure
rhangsn the cabinof the arrcriftduring
takeoff nnd anding,if they slr(ka swet Anotherpont about
tfaveling
wlih Ehildren
is carrying
al the toystheywanTto takewith
for parenrs
tofite{hild.enwant
them Thlscanbea nightmar
because

250

ve] sas y,lou

it world b'ea[.-l'ey br6.d<
5A; I think 'd beworried

beciuse
I lovethe (olours
know.I wouldbuythe fan instead
WhatdoyoucaI this?Forcandles?
andifs easv
to transpoft
(k, I think.
58.- Mmmm.. a candlest
veryhealy.
5.4r A candlestir:k
I lt'snice,but it'sprobably
5B_. Yes,it woud bediffcut to carryitr Ths masklooksir'rterestinq
ir?Maybet's f.omAfiica
doesn'l
I thinkI wouldbuythat.'Themoney
5A; [,4mffm.. I rhink!t'slovly.
beltisvefyordnaryisn'tit?Yorlcouldbuythatantvlhere.
58; Ye5, t doesn'tlook ke a souven||to me. And you havea
What'sthis?ttt
rn'rneybelt beforeyou go on holiday,anlaNay
likesomekindof furnitLre.
54 Yeslt'sbeautful, fJUthowon eafthcouldyouca.rythat?
58; Well,youcouldn'tAndyoL{ouldn'ttake t on the plane,anyway
54: You'dhaveto rend it by boat, and that \iould be vefy
too.
expensive!
Thenextth ng s f!fn;tLrre,
(Rr butstilldiffi(ulrto carry| thrnk.
t! smalle
N4mmm,
too.DoyoLl(e thrso Jr'p?
5,4; Anrjthelegrcouldbrs6kc".,'ly,

5& Yes,I thrnkrt s veryPretty.

too
54: But t couldbreakveryed5lY,
58i

Mmrnr, youd hE vetow rap' -p { ery,6rel Ll yl o! \ of pape'.

Tapescripts
5Ar Id stillbeworried.I think.Thouqht isverynrce,I aqree.
lwould
deflntey buythefanandthemask,and woulddfinitely
notbuy
the hatsor thebigpieceof furntureWhataboutyou?
SBi Mmmm.l'd defniteybuythe sombreros
and the bow dnd
chopsticks,
afd woud defnitelynot buythe big peceof
furniture
or thernonev
belt.

BUtwhatgooddoesthatdorne?| won'tbeinLondon
th s mofninq,
I wor t domyjob.Airi.nes
I wor'rmsqe.ry appoirtnrl..
iu$ dor'l
carea1)qore.fts shameless
No!"r'
| Faveto call'ry oossard erolerr
I kno!,r,
ths. He'llgobellistic,
hewil.
2

didn'tfeelvery
andAlandidn't verywell.Infact,a ot of people
gotto Bafiandthenit wasstraight
onthetrainto
well.Ar'rlway,
ne"eel
\4ra^\ow,thatswial.lcallalorgpu'rey thoughl
wed \d"e
our moneysowe d dn't qeta berth,whrchwasa bad,bad dea
whenwegotto tulilan
wewereshatered.
Safahinpalrrulafhada
\+,ch stayed
'r'graine
wdhhe'lortnreewholedays.

- |ankyo.-rWl at arepopularSou"'en
inlerlo(ulori
rsf'o-nyoLrcoLntry?
WhichwouldyousuEgest
a touristshouldbuyandwhy?
54i Wel, I coffe lror qbssia,
andwe haveRuiridndoll!. Doyouknow

58:

them?Youlee onebig doll.aboutth s size,thenyouopenit and

thereis anotherdollinside,andvouopenthat oneandthere5 a
youcculdhareasmanyas
dollinsidethat,andsoon Sometimes
rendoll!inlrdeonedoll.Theyarevrypopulafa5souvenirs,
andI
thyrndkegreat
thrnka touflstshouldceridny bly thembecause
presents
littlegirls
for peopleof a I ages,but especidlly
lve neverseenthelrr,but theysoundlovely!

to (arry
54: Wehavenicchrna
andpottery1oo,butit i5difficult
Themost
lcomefromswiue and,andwe ha!lotsofsouvenirs.
populaf
Youknowa cuckoos a bird.andit'sin
arecuckoo
clocks.
a plareinside
theclockAndevryhou[youknowwhenit i5n oe
o clock,teno'clock,
the(uckoopopsout andgoes: Cuakoo!"f
it !stwo o'clock.
lt savs"Cuckoo!"twice,dndsoon.
5A; It mustmakea lotofnoiseat rnidnightl
lldughled
qa. Yes
,Arrny
knves.I thinklourists
l People
aisoliketo buy5wi5s
likesrhem.Andthe
everyone
should
buycuckoo
c ocksbecEuse
llecau5cnearyevetyone
canfind
knrvesmakegreatpresent5
peope whoqocamping
themu:efulforsomething,
espe{ially
/nte/ocutor:Why
lsit irnpoftafiforpeopleto takeholdays?

Mmmm, thinkrt'i impodantto do somthing

cornptetely
different
oncea yarlworkina bank,soI liketo havea holidEy
andlotsof swimmir'rg.
thatkind
in theopenair.lotsof walkrng
of thing.t helptmerelar
5lr Yes,it\ veryimportant
to relaxandhavea goodrestNomatter
meetdifferent
whatyoudo,youneedto reax lt'salsogoodto
popleandsed ffer8ntscenery
/4terlocutor.'Wlere
oo you prere spendingyou' rtoldays in yo-tt
countryor abrodd?

l-ron Corfuwe tookthe fenyto Bar.Thcrossin!wd5a bit roullh,

3 Thepl;nestanedfocknq frornsrdeto side,qute violefty, then

we lostpowelandth\ lhoe cabin
\Nasn darkness
Beinq
a piot
I knewthatwhatwewreup against
wasanelertrKal
failure,
but
I alsoknewthatthisdrdn'tnecessar
ly meanthattheplanewasin
powergenerators
trouble.Theback-up
hadkickedin, makng
surethEtthevitalrnstruments
Wemade
continued
lo functren.
landiog5hortlyafterwards.the p6ssenger
an emergency
cabinslil

rntotaldarknesl
Evryone
wassafe,butveryshaken
4

rt wasnryrespon$
suppose
b lityto makesu!'ethat the Lankwas
fu I, b-rLit to.rpierely
s iopedry ri no -\" v,"rnng lig^t."o co-e

on,but nobodynotced.An!.,!ay,
the enginestoFped.
Justrkethat
It wasthe middleof the n ght, we wereon a B-roadlcmewherein
petrostdlionIn theend,
Curr]bria,
aboutI5 mie5fromthenearest
I hadto caI theAAon my mobile.
Theywerethefewrthintheholr
embarrassing,
tfrouqh
andtheyfi ledupthe tankfor me Extremely
I hadcovered
about600milesin a week.solthoughtI'd givemy
leqsa restandstayput for the wekend,aftera goodnight's
I Ie t quile refreshed
so I
sleepon Saturday
on Sufdayfirornir'rg,
thoughtI d cycc aroundthedreaforanhouror:o - lookaround
a
a Drr,you
Abor.rt5 rTriles
down the road cameaaross
littlesh0p,a nd I thought ld get a bottleof water.Thatwasit.

When| (ameout of the shopmy bikewasgone.I hadsavedlor

si^yeE5 to bu! t

because
I hadn'tlockedit. [,'loral
of the story?Lorkvourbike.

UNIT7

SA.' llikespendrng
myholidays
n myowncountry
lnter.lo(utorWhy?
5A.. Well,Russra
is5ucha bigcountrythatyou':anhaveanyk nd of

you I kel We hJveplacesbythe sea.placeswith wood5

scenery
and foresisand lakes,evetythingMy familyhasa 5mallhou5e

l8r

myholdays
there.
in thecounlry,
spend
andI usually
I lil(eto travelabroad.

lnterlo(utor:
Why?
58:

Becalse en,oy seelngnew placesand flreetingd ffefent

people.
country
eachyear.sometims
I
I tryto qo to a different
go onirno.ganisd
andsometimes
walkingholday,
JustgoDn
myown.Youalwaytmeetpeope rf yo! travelonyoulown.
you
lnterlorutor.'Thank

Module3
Self-Assessment
Tapes(ript
forExercise
9 (p.118)

ir wasa fl.200 bile.lrsu'arcedid'1I cove't

forExercise
Za(p.121)
Tapescript
SDeaker1

of Eqypland
oK then... herer,rlego.Ths E veryeas),ShewasQueen
because
ovrof Jll usCaesar
Shelssaidto havekrledhert\,!brotheE
General
shewantedto rulealone.shebeaarne
thel,lifeof thRoman
MarkAnthony,andhEdthreechrldren
with hirn.TheEoupe comrntted
on hd5it ihat shekilledhefsef bv mednsoI anass.a small
sucideTradit
snakewhich wfis d syrnbolof dvjne royaltyin Egypt.Shakespeate,

Whodoyouth'nht s?
Dryden
andShaw
al . 'rotepLayr
aboutherWell?
Speaker
2
rst
Socia
Rrqht
... it s my rn ... Errrr
... Hewasader
of theNational
p:rtyin Germany
and"subsequefltly,
Chancelor
Hewasknownbythe
iitle of DerFuhrerHer^/aote
a bookentrtledMeinKamof.Hewasdn
ddnriref
Richafd
WagnerHedrearned
of forminq
an
of thecomposer
suiriden T945whenherealised
thathhad
AryanrdceHecommitted
in WodcWafTwo (an youquess
whothat\qas?
beendefeated
Soeaker
3

Ths cannotbe legal!

Youknow,I thinkit'sabsolutey
infunatanq
lcofire Lothe airport,l'm
bookmy fliqhtthreeweeksrn advance,

Erm .. letmesee... Yes... Hewas lawverbornir Gui+rat

in ndia
aqainst
lle becamethe eaderof the ndiannationaList
movement
Eritishrule.Heworkdfof overtwentyyearsn southAfricd,fghting
told that l've gor flo 5ea( on the plane!haveYou e!r heard
merompensation the cause
offered
of lndrans
there.Hesardthat nonvolencewasthe most
sn!4hing
Sure,they've
moreoutrageous?

251

Tapescripts
powerful
weaFonn the hands
In parfrsm,
of mankindHebeleved
nonvlo
ent proteslreligtous
afidihe riqhtto life.Hewas
toerance
gained
natedat theageoFseventy
nine,a yeatafterIndra
her
assass
fromBritaln.
independence
50,anyguesses?

daysto oneyear th yealforty-sr

Caesarhad to add sixty-seven
a reallylcngyearl
EC.50it v,ras

Tapescript
for Exercise
2b{p.124)
going down to vote, tornortow,Tina?l'nl
F.- What me afe yoL.r
go ngaroundhaf pastfive.I cengryeyoua lift f you ike.
l#: Oh ... rt'sonlylol-ale earrons.
Besides.
I don'tknowif l'll bother
tc vote 'veqor a ot of th ngstc do.
yoLJ
Don'tsaythat. Yourvote couldmakeall th difference,
know Don'tfoilletthat womendrdn'lalwayshavethe rightto
vote.Theyhadto fght hardforit lt sf t al tharlonqago,either.
yourgrandmolher
the SLtffragett
dmonstrahons
rernembe.s
Re a l y ?
Yes You shouldask her about them soinetme. Your qredtgrandmother
vws d 5ufFEge[te
. shemusthale knownthese
womenweremdkinghi5tofyShewaslher n 19lf thrnkt
wis ... the dayof the firstseriouirio! Thngsreallyqot out of
controltlrefl
wereall verypo tte ladieswho trid
RiotTsurey the suffragettes
themselves
to railinqs?
to maketheirpont bychaining

becausehe wanted
Wacner and he bullt Neusrhwanstin

operas.Wdgnerwaln't verywel
to staqeWagner's
somewhere
knownat that tirne lf this casUelooksfam iar to you.that's
is:Fope saythat WaltD sneymodelled
his
because
t probably
fa rv-talecasteson Neuschwdnstein
ExporersYou've
writtenanessay
onth 5,
5 Thetopic s the Spanish
soyo!'vesomeideawhat it'sebout,I hope.Youshouldhavea
texrbook,
whichhasa goodrection
on this,
lookat yourhrstory
andseewhatyoucanfrndthere.Don't
and90 to the library
AndthereltheInternet,
but
opaedia$.
forgetto ookin theencyc
to be verycarefulaboutwhat s tesyou ute A ways
remember
alsousesomedetals
notedownyoursoutceYoucoud probably
thatwesawlaslweek
fronrthe fi rnon Courftbus
6

andI ran'treally
argue... thequestion
I knowwhatyou'fesaying
of theArnerican
C vilwar
of s averywasoneof 'themaincauses
on the
tendto put a lot of empha:is
ButI thrnkthat h storians
moralasDect vouknowthe Northwentto war\drththesolrth
wasctue Now,l'm onlyan
because
s averywaswrong,slavery
wrththisiFtcrpretat
on Aslara5
?mateur,
butI tendto disagree
wasallto do wth money.
Thiswashow
l'm conceried,
slavery
wasbigbusiness,
Forthe
thepoltrcians
sawit at thetime.Siavery
NorthdsweI asthesouth.

Age5peopletook animals
to
Didyou knowthat in th fu4iddte
cou*, and acrlaly put themon t.ia? Honest!Once,in Frana,
5orneratsweretakento couttfor tEkng foodthat didn'tbeang
I CanyouimaqineT
Theworstthing,though,is thatthe
to then'r
because,
astheir flldyer
said.
fatsdidn'tappealIn the courtroom
they had beenattdckedby evilcats,on thelr way to couft! He
that the calswoudn't atteckthe
wantedmoneyasa guarantee
raisagdn, but henevefgot t. NoWwhyamI notsulprisedT

F- Hrnmm.. theydid a ot mofethanthat.Theywentto pfison,

theywenlon hunger5trike5.
wa5 the only way to get
l{: I see ... iupposegorr! to extrernes

enough
attenton.
EvdctlyButnothng wasmoe extremethan dylngfor the talseW: Whatdo youfireanl
EmilyDavson,that was her nam| thrnk... she threwherself
underthe K nq'5horseon the racelrack
That'steftible!lneverknewthat.
F; Wel
qetthe votein Engldnd?
w: tvhendidworr'ren
F: n 1q|8, womefovertheageof 30 werefinallya lowedto vote
And it wasn'tuntiltenyearslater,n 1928,tlratthe votingage
to 21,in inewdh rnen
for womenwasreduced
likeAn:er{a? suppose
Wi l-l'lwdgesthat compare
with somewhre
they\ruere
a lofq \,!ayaheadof us)
F: No,not feally !!omengot the vcle therein I 920.
w: lv lmm m... l w r l caf(myvoteaf t eralwhdt t imedidyousaylfadel

Now tadresand qenlemefl, here we are at the castleof

Thiscastle
wasbuit byKir'rq
Ludwlg
thescond
Neuschwanstein
century
Oneof hi5
of Bavaria,
towards
theendof thenineenth
Ludwigthoughtveryhighyof
hobb;es
was buildrnqcastles.

Welt

he musthavebeenooodEt Dolitics
becalsehe

becaflteverypowerfu.

Tapescript
fortxercise
1b(p.126I
The otl'e' day,| !,!asradingabou- rl-e Tre"tyo[ VFr." lles yor,

knowthe oeace
teaty t-ar endedworldwdr OFp Doyou[now
thatonaountlrwJsictua ly eft out of t? Peope forgotabout
the tinystntn the Pyrenees
beside
span? | suppose
AndorrE,
it'ssosrnall.
Evenrually
Andorra
drdsigna pace
treaty
berause
with Germ.rny
endingWorldWar One,but not unti it wa5
f qh$ngGermdny
rnWord \!ar Twor
2

Ori leJcherwas rellngLs abo.rrrl-e Roran EnperorCal,g.-ld

qe
today lle o'o L d4 $r1gs,d1od lol ol pFople11;11' wJ\ maO l-e

wa5baldon top,5i]hnradei law whrchsaidthatpeoplecouldn't

byl can ycu imaqine)
look down on hrn when he was passing
Anotherihrnqhed d, hekepthrshor5einsdethepala(e,deGrdted
wlth iewelsI mean... reEll/ he can'thavetakenanlthng very
lerlousy l fhinkhejustenjoyed
a goodloke Whit doyouthink?
3

252

Yo! know our yearused10 be threhundredalld s nty-gxdays

lt docsn'tsound
long,ifstEadof thrhundfEd
and slxty-five?
muchof a drfference,
doesit?lustonedayButin fact,theyetsr
rs
connectd
with the sunand moon.and bv the time of Juliug
Caesalthingswere in a big flress1Mid5ummer's
day was
Tosortal thisout,Julius
happening
in Auqust,insteadof .l.Jne.

thathewonI lsn'tthat
B; That'suLe,butthinkof a I the battles
what he'sbelt knownfor?And he had to trevele longway
likeEgyptandRussla.
for someof themr10places
you'reriqht.thoL.rgh
hed dn'talways
win,did he?
A; I suppose
thelasrone
8: No,notat a[ esp(ially
... he wa5 tolallvdefated,and he was forcedto
A: N.4mrfm
hnfihRulsian
w nter
retr'at
w th histfoopr,in the dreadFul,

for Exercise
2b(p.126)
Tapescript

Aj H therelOh,I'mdyinqfora coffee
B.' Haveyoubeenworkingin rhelibraryT
A No, we had an extra historyiecture A vrsitingecturerfrorn
Americd.H talkeddbout the mysteriesin h story you kncnlr',
in thrrpastwith noexplanat$n
event$
thathappened
8.' solndsokay.
t wasveryinteresting.
Hetatkedmainlyaboutthe
4j YesActually,
Motie{eleste.
strange
8r Oh,l'vehedrdof that.Wasn'tt a shp wheresomething
anyof thedetails.
| can'trmember
haoEened?

4, Yes.thaT! igl^1lt wd! i'1'8?) what happeneds tlat the tJd,'te

sailingacfoss
the AtlanticOcean,but
Cefesre
was discovered
ernpty!
therewefe no PeoPe on botsrdlTheshrpwnscornpletey
Bj Spooky!How manyPeoplehadbeenon boerd?

Tapescripts
Tenpeople:seven.re\r!,rhe captalnEndThecEptain's
wife and
daughter
A Butwhathappened
to themT
Weil,thal i the rnysterylNobodyknows.The ship tselfwd5in
goodcondtion,andtherewdsplentyof foodandwater.There
d dn't seemto be anyreasonfor leavingit, but of coursit'sclear
theydrdleaveA smalboatwasmissing,
too
B: Oh,it'sobvous,then.theya I eit in the smaI boaT.
Yes,but why?
B: well l dont know
foJld rhe i4afJeCelesfe
hao tte r.np.essron
that
Ai Tl.e peopleva,ho

everyone
hadleft in i greathurrylt wasa5 f theyhedstopped
whatevert u/astheyweredoinq,and!eft.Justlikethat They
withthem.One
didn'ttidydnything
a\!nyor takeanybelongings
whosaidhe!./as
explanation
wasgivenbya mancalledFosdyke,
Heclaimedthathe had
the onlysurvivor
fromthe nloreCeiJte.
Hesaidth3tthe
beenon boardandhadteenwhathappened.
andthat the
captainandsomeof the [rvywentswimniing,
otherswho werewatchingfll inlo the sea,andthdt theywerc
Fosdyke
felinto thsea,too,but fi]dnageal
aleatenbysharks.
to survive
because
hefellon top of a pleceof wood
Mmmrr ...doesft so-fdveryIkeiyto me.
A: Anddoyouknowthat5 r ArthurConanDoyle
Homesstories?
ThmanwhowrotetheSheiock
A: Yes.Hr'lrote a storyaboutthe y',4d
e CeleneAnd it's reJllybecause
of
of thisthat the MdneCeleste
s oneof the mostfamolsmlsteries
thesea.HeDut n a JotofextradetEisofcouEe,whichwefenottrue.
is . [[ade]
& Well,youknow lthirk whatmusthavehappened

4 (p,127)
Tapescript
forExercise
,flterlo<lfori
Now,I'd likeeachof youto talkon youfown for abouta
photographs
m n!te. I'mgornqto grveeachoiyou two difterpnt
afd
l'd like yoLr to ta k about them. Jenny,here are your t]/r'o

photographs
Theyshowdifferenlwalsof learfrnq.Please,
et l.,'laftin
h,i,/ea lookat ttem . .. lvartn, ' ll grveyoLyourphorograpls
' a
and contrastthespifiure5,
minuteJenny,l'd likeyou to comFafe
yo! only
saylngwhichwayyou thinkis moreeffedive.Rernembe.,
havea minlte forth 5.sodon'tworryf interruptyou.Al right?
somesortof
54: Ye! well. the nrstp rture5howsa manhandling
and
.. 5omesortof snake,
wh le a boy ( watchingandlistening
thera,'i
tdkirgnoteson a- exer(lie
bookHen-ighrbeaskrng
quesuons
downtheman's
replies.
In
andnoting
aboutthesnake,
sittrngat thefr
the se{ondp cture,thefe'sa groupof students
in fror'rtof them.
desksin the assroom
anda teachetstandrnq
to themandis aboutto
Heseems
to be explalninq
something
,r,,nte
th'oLqh
\onerhrng
on tre whiteboardd saythatlearrrrg
be(ause
...bpcause
e-xperience
lthink lt's
is muchmoreeffective
/ it worksfor nre,
... ehm... morefi]efirorable.
I mean,I knc'\
visits
that I learnedin museum
becauseremember
everything

..
anddurinq
fieldtnps'vebeenonwithmyclass
'rarious

you.Martin,doyoulhinktherearesubjects
which
lntedo(utor:Thank
shouldn't
Wh(h aretheyandwhy?
btaughtat school?
sudras. erm . economics...
5Br Wel, I thinkthatdifficultgubiects

ats(hool
...these
subietts
erra... medicine
...shoudn'tbetaught

58: Well... in the [irstpi.tLreLcanseea i]u drnq mavbethat'sa

erm ... a parlamentbltding. Thres a
court houseor
gfoupof peope srttngon thestepsandthey'reholdinga arge
erm ... banner. . whichsays PEACE
NOW.ln the second

p cture| .an seetwo peope5tanding

on the stteet iheyre
hoding signsand they'reprotest
ng againstcircuses
probabvbecause
of the animal5 | don'rlhink that thse
peoplewill be heardor havesny Effert berausethey'reonly
two ... wh e theothers.. who armEnyrnore,aremorelikely
to makether ooinonsheard.

lnteod)tot:Thankyou. le|ny. have you evef taken paft n a

demonstration
of protest?
Didit havearyeffect?
SA Yes, havetakenpanin a demonstration it ws5aga;nst
the
war in raq thereweremanypeope who took pan in those
demonstrations
thefl... mpan... notony herEbut nctre$all
around
theworld.lt didn'thaveanveffectthouoh . theword
leaders
stillmadethe\,rar..
tofiThank y0u.
/nter/o(u

UNIT8
Tapescript
for Exercise
4a(p,137)
STEPHEN
ARNOLD,
HEADMAsTER.
proces:
Whatis edu(atron?
A formallearning
dispensed
by schools,

ties.or lhe surnof the information

w glean
colegesandunivers
frornouT(ontaa(
withtheworldaroundust [ntodav's
disrussron,
a
professor
w a I sharetheI
studeni, unlversity
anda politician
thouqhis
on the subjecl.
lf I may, woud liketo beginby talking
that is
aboutstudents
and ther educational
needs.A ariticlsm
leveledat my schoolis that hghlyIntetgent,giftedchildren
are
gvena raw de|.Ale srhoolsmostly(oncerned
less
wth helprnq
academitally
at e thidrento achieve?
Perhap5
t isso.Afterall,it is
truethat the brightest
needlrttlesupportind cancope
children
Theyareabieto learnndependeotly.
easily
PAUT
LLOYD,
HIGHSCHOOT
STUDEI{T
I do beLieve
schoolis helpinginteigent5tudenTs
to fullfiltheir
polp-'ra, dnd I don'1 j.(t r]odn d(ddp-ri{ prjte.t al. scHooldoFs

morefor firethanjustthat,Endso it shoud. Wespendso muchtime

there Fromfiveto 5ixteenyearsod we haveno choice,schoolis
and mostof Lrsgtayon afterthel beceuse
we knowthat
compubory,
the m nd. Schooofferschildren
educationrsqood for us, it expands
anddirecton. lt was in sahoolthat t hadmy fifst contact
knowledge,
benefltto
with comoutersAn experen{e thdt ha5beenof enormous
t amof
that havebeerrgrvena rawdealbefause
me I don'tbeheve
aboveaverageintelgence On the contrary,I belevethat my
andlocia experencat schoowrl 5er!e10steerme into
acadefiric
ees
ll s er lE l
th 'r,tJrea,fL t.rp n rr'h r(h (o mp ..te rL l o w e d q eow
SARAHFORD,UNIVER5ITY
PROFE55OR
ng a fangeof 5kllsande
I belevethat teachers
arcverygoodat deliver
we get
bodyof knowledge
to theirstudenl-s.
thisi5c earfromtheresults

a'e for adLrts,1ot dridreq .. lfey fiou d be td.glt dLJ-lvelsry

andallstudents
f.om:crarsthEboard.Allstudenls
areequalyimpol|ant
whether
to studythemor not ..
sothatpeople
candecide
creatire
thrnking.
Thereseaich
I did for my universrty
needto develop
exist:shalow,wher
depadment
showsthat threetypesof leafning
yo!. Now,Marrin,hereareyourtwo photoqraphs. studeflts
lnterlocstor:Thenk
arenot engaged,
anddeeper
whefltheyare,Jndthe deepest
letlennyhavea iook
Theyshowd fferentwaysof protestingPlease,
learning
areengaged
andworking
of all takesplacewhenstudents
thesepictures,
sdying togetherAn e\impleof thi: profoundlearnng is whtn i fornration
at them l'd lke youto coffrpare
andcofltfast
youonly
wh ch s likey to be heerdendhavsomeffect.Renrembel
to
technology
experiences
s used10promptstudents
throuqh
irnmersive
1a,/ea n inureforr'rrsso dol t worJ' I rrte'rLptyou All riqhT:
l$:'rkit wi. bet\e'rtureof parring.
explole
andmle.-;lformatio'.

253

Tapescri
PIS
GOVERNMENT
AtAN CRINKLY,
MINISTER
Wewantlearning
forouryoungpeople
to bedeepandmeanrngfrl
and
rf computers
enqage(h ldren.somuchthe bettet ama strongbelever
in developing
v'.,here,r'er
it may
chidrensinterest
in the learningp.ocess,
to be involved.
In factlstrongly
be Theimportantthinqis for children
approveoFa development
whch forces5tudentsto lhnk aboLtthe
qualityof the education
if our schools
theyreceiveThisi5necegsary
are
mustseethernselves
to bethebestthecountrycanprovide.
Students
as
participnnts
in an edu[ationapro(e!s,to havee voiceand to ure it
Educat
on shoud havetwo objecuves:
to supplythe skillsneeddbythe
marketand to efiableedchand everychild;averEgE
employment
or
gifted,to develop
hisor herpotentialtoth rnaximurn

Tapescript
1a{p.140)
forExercise
WeLl,there are 5ome
The Brtish and Americansrhool systems?
startinFant
andsomedifferences
In Enqlind,children
school
simiarities
whichispartof prinra,ry
schooat the ageof five.In Amerca,thEisthe
thiss thir
agetheystartwhat iscaled" preschoo'. Formanychrldren,
throughplay
fir5texperienqe
ofschool,andtheydo a lot of learnlng
T h pn"r l 5 ta g Fs - ' e s :a r o'a more'o'malard rradrt on a* i rd o '
mov nto iuntor
earflrngwhen they are eight,Britishchildrerr
sthoolat the age
schoo, whdeArnerran (hrdrenqo LoelemeDtary
of six Youcansethat the tlvo systems
arequites rnilarir'rtheirearly
stagest's just the 5ahools,
really.thst havedifferentnames

hegetsaccepted.
I knowhecando a mllionthinqswith h s lifeeven
il he doesn'tget to unve!srty,
but it'sall that mattersto hinrright
f
now llusl wishhewasf't so hardon himse
Speaker4
mysurp,'ise
when sawthe
I didn'tth nk it hadgonethatwel sormagine
grade.I wasstunnedI'veneverthoughtof fiyselfas a hrqhfver but
lor my
scoringhiqlher
than anyonee sereallyhasgivenme (onFdnce
othersubjeds. realisethat next yearthingsare goingto be much
tougher,
but,youknow lfeelthatI candoth|snowiityouhadeskedme
a coupleofweeksagoI'd havetoldyouthdt I hadsomerEservations
Speaker
5
in assessment.
Instead
ofcorrectngexampapers
by
twrllbea relolulron

pro{ess
hand,technolngy
willbe usedto dotheiob.lt'sa muchquicker
ano tt meanswe will be ableto get the resultsoul fatter.whith 15
impQrtantfor the strdents.We tuelits a greatachievement
and

hopeiullyin two yearstime forly per!:entof all examswil be ma*ed

(aly.Onlinetestsandregstratidnwill folow furtherreducing
electron
papelwork
assoflated
wrthexams.
the irnount of time-congurfirnq

Tapescript
ForExercise
2b(p.142)
P:

tl'anksfor lorr|lqqrethisevenrrg
t'LancyDr GrFpnrvay,

q Jitediferent tn
lhe nert ,IegPis wherethe two 5}6te1rs
bEcome

England,
chrldren
5tartsecondary
school\qhentheyareelevenyears
goto junrcrhrghschool
o d. InAmenca.
ahildren
at theageof rweve
o l l - i 'l F " n. Quilpa D g o ffe'er(e tlerp

Bfitish,:hidrengo into the sixThform at the ageof sixteen,andthey

staythereunt theyareeighteen.
Ameritan(hi drengo to 5enor high
schoolfor the samet\'!'oyears.50thatstEgei5preftymuchthe same.
A'o ihe fl']alsrage not sodife'cn-piTrpr Whenthe/ arFFig.rteen.
's
studentsfrom both countrieswhg wanl to cofitrflutheir edLrcation
qo on to th rd level.Thiscouldbe Lrniversity
or college
of sorneothef
kindof traininginStitution.

for Exercise
Tapescript
1b$.M21
1
spaker
Perhaps
we needto thinkaboutlhe wdywe examine
students.t'sal
verywell testinqthem on Fact5.but we also need to ar5e55
their
abrity to learr lhs Tlpeof eram.or'lear'r'ngllcer5e.'ocLss
ol
thls. the abiity to eafn We strongy believethat it w I be more

usefulto students,
employefs
andsocietyin generallt showswhir:h
candrdates
aregoodat,say,engrneering,
but t alsoshows
whrchcan
actually
thlnklkeanengneer
Speaker
2
Out of the cornefof myyeI canseernydad'seyesblnzng nto my
sister's
t redfdce.I feelgute sorryforher,andI wishhewouldn'rdothis.
The,roryE re hasno:hngto wo'ryabouishpi ltrdl nq fortl"eeAlelels,oreoa'nglor med(alr(hool,so w5ardoes\e \ale to worry
about?| knowhes concerned
aboutherfuture,but she'sworkinghdrd,
5he'sdedicatedto her studies,she worksnightsEnd weekefldsto
prepare
for heTexams,
andl'm sureshe'llbeteadytEhefthetirne.omes

Soeaker
3
I coudn'tstafldseeng hLmrkethat Hehadlostweightandhehad
greatbigb ackringsunderh|5eyes.
I knowthathesleptforthreeor
fourhoursa deythroughout
May,but m prettysurehEdidn'tsleep
at alldu'rg the astrhreeof ioLrdays.Well,| -1gladrt s overI hope

254

to theprogramme.
Ths evening'
irndwelcome
Goodevning
gue5tis headffaster
of EastCfornpton
Comprehensive
Dr
(:harlesGreenway,
and we're goingto be talkingabout

to behere.
l'mpleased
CGi Goodevening,

lhe wordtruancy
Whatdo we dctua
Jy
Let'sbegtnby defining
a weeks holiday
duringterm
me;n - a rcupleof m ssedlessons,
fromschoowithnoexpanaton?
t me,or repeated
absen(es
. Anyabsence
that has
cG.' lt'5a goodquestDnlo beginwith. Pal-j
not beenauthorised
bJithEschoolistruancylt doesn'lmaftef
Lfa chid is berngtakento Disneyland
in Flordabecause
its
in termtime,goingChristrnas
shopping
witha parent,
cheaper
withotherth ldren
oTlustroaming
droundthefeighbourhood
forthe local,'esdents.
lt'sdl truancy.
cauringproblems
P:

is the prot)l*rnIn the Un ted K ngdom?

Flowwidespread
CG: Veryl'mdfrald A5manyasfourmillionsrhooldaysdrelo5tevery
yeErthroughlruancy.aftd about 1.7 milion of thosea,nelost
ande*t.rrsions
oecause
o'. rild.n bei"grake.on fan-iy hoioays

ofiersduringtermtme, 5.)it's a lot

Travel
agentshavespecral
wantstc raige
cheaper
for a familyto go awayThisqovernment
blt we (an't do that if childrenmss
educat
onal standards,
fo. effectveleaming.
schooltull ar'endance
isa precondition
rhen- al-norrhal'tl-edayrlosrbecaure
DidIhed correc(ly.ust
of
!ruan(yarebecaLse
of pareatjtakingthe'rchldrenon holidayl
(G: Yes.
isn'titllmagnehowincred
bly
ela(tlylr s quiteshocking,
childfen
Ihatflissifgs.:hool
for
drfflcu
t rt rsforusto convince
rio goodraasofis a badth ng whenther own parentsbehave
jn suchanirresponsible
rnanner.
It mJlt oe. Wl'at a.e the governrertdorlq In vrewo'this

situation?
byteachers
of campaigfling
alloverthe country
CG Well,afteryears
the governrnentare finally beglnnng to unde6tandthat
someth,rghd) lo be done.lhPyare cLrlenllyl-oldirgLolkrw th
to Flr oJtdgPlrayelaqenEto g.veo scountsto
thp I eveltlor.rstry

famlesrvhobooktheiftrip'sin the schoolholidays.

andthe police

in pickingup chidrenon the streetssocral

are novvinvoived
to wrrk wth the femrlesof
workersare ilso berngrecrufted
Children
\\,hoplayklant. And, for our paft,we'resettingup
prolects
n the schoolto teachchldren
improvement
behaviour
for leflrnng.8ut let me stress
discip
ine andrespect
aganthat
forrnsurngthata (h ld i5at school
liet
mostof there5ponsibiity
thisresponsib
titys a crtminai
offence.
withthepareneNeglecting

Tapescripts
Pi

Doyor.rmeanparentscouldbe proseduted
In a couftof lawil
their rhildrendo not aftend le55on57

That'sexactly
whatI mean,although
thrslawE poory enforced
It should,n my opinion,be betterenforced.
Thefutureof our
childrenrnatte6.We owe it to themto givethem lhe best
edJ(al|anpoqsble.dndwp CaFonly do thrsif theyare in s(l-ool

Pi

withwhatyou'res;ying,blt don'tyouthinkit'sd litte

agree
parents
harshto prose.ute
of truant(hildten?
person.
yes.but I wouldlke to
It rnaysee!-n
so to the averdge
ldren
slressaqai0thatthe futureof thisaountryis theschoolch
themforlife
to prepare
of today.t is mpossib
e fortheschools
dndparent5
simply
mustbeon
if thechildren
arenotat school,
p ayingtruant
to stopping
childrn
ouriidewhenit comes
I seeyoufpoint.I think t'sabouttheriqhttlmeto takea few
we'vegotW llianrPeterson
onthe ine.
calsfromourlisteners.
Goodmornng. Mr Peterson?

'':'Tapescript
for Exercise
5 {p, 143)
togetherfor
lntedocutor
Now l'd likeyou to ta k aboutsomething
of
abouithreem nutesI'rirjuslgoingto listef.Herearesomepictures
abrffidior a year.
thrnqsa person
mighttakewith h m whnstudyiFq
eachitemisto youwhen
First,
talkto eachothrabouthowirnportant
youaredwayfromhomeThenchoosethreertemsthat!'ouwouldn't
leavehomwithout.

54i

speaks
coursen Englandor lreland,or saotand. Everyone
andthatsgood ..
Englshthere,everyone'r
a natvespeaker:
In the shops,on the bus,
so you haveto speakEnglish
yougo
vrFr/nere
you speakEngftsh
In the ciassroom,
Yes,in yourown countTy
but once you qo outside,everyone's
spedkinganother
language50 it caflbe difficult.

people
qoalvayto studybecause
58; Sometimes
theythnkthywtlEet
a befierqualfication.
Andinmpople,suppose,
lustwanttogo
though!
so!'neM,fiere
dirferent,
har,e
a newe{priencelt'r expensive,

problerfls
tnterlo{utor;What
cansomeone
who!sstudying
nbroedfecet
therearea I kirdsof
5A: Well,apafifromthe anguage
of course,
thinqsrhat are differefltl've neverstudedabroad,
but 've
treenabloadon ho rday,and I knowthat so manylh ngsnre
different
... lke shopping,
thet mespeople
eat,thefood.the
cusll]rnl
SBi Yes,
andI'msureyoucanqetlonely
at trftesI'msureyoumr5s

yourfamjly
andyourfr ends.
in a'oThe.langrage,
sit; Afld studyrrg
ever'f yoJ k-ow rt very
well,isdifficut. EveMhinoit slowef.
/nf/ocutor.
WoLIdyoL ,keto sludy14a forerg.courtrrrI
58: 0h yes,lcertainly
wouldi

veryimpo(antto mebeciuse
lu5e
5A: Well,mylaptopiscertainly
it a lot Whataboutyou?
sn. Yes,I agree.
on mlne.Mmmm,a
I havedllkindsoi if formation
doyou?
chess
set.. I don'tknow.I don'tplaychess,
to m Thisthirdpicture.
Yes,I dD,but it'snot that important
I thinkit'sa diary..
58r Yes.lthinkit is.
54r Nowthat'sveryimportenl.
WhenI'mawayfromhome,I liketo
wrfie n mydraryeveryoay,
Mmmm.a bicyc
e.
whathappened.
Ys,it helpsVouremmber
lsuppose
thatcouldbeimponant.
5n.r Yes,but ft dependson whereyou'reliving.For example,f
notI
y6u'reinthemidde of London,
deflnrtely
No!WhatEbouta guitar?
SAr Weli,I don'tplaytheguhar
Neitherdo
...
54: Butldo playthevrolin
<F Ah,really?
s4. 50that'5
to me.
veryimportant
5& Yes.Ah,an a armclo{k.Tl]at'srnpoftant,I th nk. I can'twake
upwithoutmya armclockl

mpo]tant.
sA_.Yes,l'mthesame.[,lrnmm,
anda tarneras aertainly
of newp acsandnewpeopLe.
I liketo takepictures
Jt home Have
58i Qh yes.Thenyoucairshowthem Loeveryone
yougote rnobi[e?
to yo!?
lsit important
Yes,lhdve.andI uset a lot.lthinkit'sqreat!
got one don'treally
58: haven't
lke thefi.Whatabouta teddy
bear?
[aughrerl
qotone,haveyou?
SA: I haven't
(F.
Wel[,I have.blt it's not thEtlmportantto me anyrnore 50,
whichthreewouldyounot eavehomew thout?
SA: Mmmm,I rrink . -nytaptop,'nyv oli'ldndmy mobIe What
aboutyou?
lt's
... rnylaptopaswel, mydiaryandrnycamera.
58i Probably

diffic'rlt
though,isn'tit?
peope9oawayto study?
lnte,.loculon
Thankyau Whatarethereasons
58; oh. I think t's oftn becauk lhey want to learnanother
lanquage,
maybeEnqliihlTheythinkit's a goodideato do a

/,rte/o(ucorjWhy?
l,/vouldleErnso
sBi lthink it woud be a reay posftvexperrence,
manynewthing5,meetnewpcple,lee newp[ace!.Lth]nkthdts
you
verygoodfor a person.Eventhe proberf: aregoodbecause
a stfonqefperson
h;ve m dealwith them I thinkyoubecorne
lnterlorutor,'W
hat aboutyou?
ldon'tthinkso
54; l m not soEUre.
interlocto|:why notT

sA.- Well,I'mveryclose
to firyfanilt andI thrnkit\,!ouldbeverydiffiarlt
to bewithoutthemfora longtime.I'd likets si:udy
ir'ra foreiqn
corrlry for a iew weekror a n-oilrh r1d@ ld |.kelo do a sl'ort

I thnk I'd e loythatbecausecouldhaveall

course,
somewhere.
tnenewexpe4ences
withoutbeogtcolongawayfiomhome.
Ihank you
lnferlocufor:

Module4
Self-Assessment
: Tapescript
for[xercise
9 (p.156]
rl'ir .err
MonjI dor't krc'"!wl-arto do sbo"t myseconda-y
:r.h1ed
WhaTdreyou goingto take?

hi5tory
Womon;Local
Mdn.YuklA I thosedatsHowdo yo! do t? What"rocalirstofy,
anylvay7LocdlEsin roundhere?

yes.
I,l/omon
Partly,
Mon.Eutnothrng
happened
eround
here.Nobattles
or assassinations
like n realhistory.
lvorflon:
Actually,ocslsimplymeanshavrng
to do wth a p ace local
rf the
historypa)5attentionto tlle paceswherethingsheppened

pastand looksat whal part thosepla(esplayedin shaping

the
that was
event5.
So,all historyis lo(a hi$orybecaus
everythinq
dorlen the pastwasdore io somepldceor other.
ManiWhybotherto caI it localhistory,
then?

255

Tapescripts
WomoF:
Beca-setlF plaretakp\ p'iorU uvc, -e afludl pvpr! Wp

are interestedn the role of the placern a historca event.For

example,
what wasthe irnportance
homeswereafianged
of th r'r,ray
rn the frrof Lofldon?n thesamewdywe ook at the localhistoryof
a foya [ourt. the oificespacesof a rnlrlrltry,or the boardroomof a
g ar'rrcompany.
MoniVery
specialised,
though,sn'tit?
Wdmdn:That's
hasturnd
Fol al. Theothetmarnstrandof locah 51ory
parliarner]ts
away lror the kings.primerrinisters,
dndt)oardroom5
to

lnfeffiweri
And what aboutyou,firiss?
Speoke|3 (teenogegrr.' At home we re(yclelust dbout everyrnrn
We'veleernedto beromequrteenvironmentaly
aware thankslo
oLt !:omtnunity
lntewi?we,:lhdrk! Now q-"5!ion ). Do toJ Lhrk recy(lng rStoo

nation,but the live:of ordnarvpeopleareoften overlooked

expenslve
d d timeco sumingT
Speaket
do think t's a \flasteoft mewithoutrally
| (womanJ:Yes.
produ(tsareq\]te
hepingtheenvfronmenr.
I mean.e ot of recycled
expensue,
anyway.
Speaket
is qu(k aftdrheap,not
2 (mon):Oh,don'tagree.Recy!:linq
too.
to rheFtion
thefacttht ( saves
d ot of energy,
Speoker3 (teenagegi[): I absolutely
agree.Nol ony doesit save
energy,
but it alsorcduces
a ot of wastesafey
lnteryiewer:
OkayTheth rd question
s Doyouthinkthegovernmen
shouldimpo:elawsaboutre(yclinq?
I don'tth nk so lblevethatpeopleshou
Speaker
I lwoman):V,,lell,
d
nraketheirown decisions
aboutrecycfng.
No one shouldbe forcd
to doanvthnqthevdon'twantto do.

Mc,r;ButwhowanEto kfow aboutordinary

e?
DeoD

Sppdke(
2 honL /er, I dgree I don'r ll-ilk ll-dl i! ts the rightwayfor

WofianiLotsof popledo Therhasbena tremendous

surgepf

peop ro reafise
. Jst how irpolanl recycrilqi5.
j (teenoge
gifi:Wel. I wouldhaveto disagree
Speoker
w th youthere
Asa matterof fact,I thlnkthe governrllentshouldindeedmpoge

con(entrate
on places
awayfromthecenlres
ofpo\rernnd(ontrol the
placeswhereordinarypoplelived,workBddr]d played,and on the
peope themselvs

MqnrButdon'thistorians
writeboutthatssrtof stuff,too?
Womon:M osthistor
aboutordfatu
afs do not writelo.a historv
peopleManytendto wflteaboutan e ite,Fublcworldof actions
rorLtrolingordinrypeope in their ivlngand workingpia{esThey
oftenwf te rathefabstradly
whichshape
thelifeof the
aboutforces

nterest
inthe past50 years
lntoneafly
allaspec{s
ofthelive5
of pasl
womenandmen.Thefocuson placehasgivenrisetc stLrdies
of
"social
spac HDwarepub c 5paGsafianged
to provdesettngs
fordifferent
k ndsof communities?
Hows sDace
arTanqed
in hous5
andtherrsr.lrf
oundino5?
Mon:I dont know.lt st | soundsveryspecialiied.
Wofl?an;
lt is, but it hasa verycleartafqet.Theaimof localhjstory
is
to tel us aboutthe smalldetds of a largerpicture,to find the
signifirance
in the srnaltritsso a5 to q ve greatermeaninq
to the
whoe
Mon:Blt f, a5you said,onlyfew historianr
havewritten o(a h slory,
what Lrooks
',!illyouLt5e?
Wo..noo:
Thofe'sa whoe rangeof mater.il!we cin usta brng

historyto fe. Old books,maps,placerames,old newspapers,

photoqraphsEven
famiyh sloryandqenea
ogycanproveusefu
Man:Sounds
confu:ing.
Alo.r'5,usta ratter o' tnowrrg\\'rere10look.the co"fsF
Woman:

'm taking\,!/ilhopefully
giveme the ab;tity
to undertake
my own
fesearcn.
Man:50howdidvouoet nterested
rfla lrhrs?

lawsaboutrecyd
Ing.lt woulddefnitelyhelptheenvironment.
lnteryiewer:
Alright No\rythe next question:ls recycng the most
important
wayofsavrng
theenvronmentr
Speaket
1(womon):Well,
I don't th nk t is. I th nk most peope just
exaggerate.
I thiflkthey'reJUstmakinga b g dealaboutit, thdt'saLl
Speoker
2 (mdn):Well,I wo! dn't go so far as to call it the most
important
waya tholgh ldo belevethatlt doe5helpa lot.
gh!)rI believeLhdtrecyllrg dfrrte y playsa :najor
Speoker
3 tteeaoge
roleifl helplng
the mostimpoftant
role.
th envronment probably
/nterviewerj
OkayWell,nowquestronn'rmber5 {fade)

1b(p.162)
Tapescript
forExercise
Speaker
I (male)
We[.l'mjustdreading
thedaythattheyopenupthatpldft.I know t

wl meana lot morejobsfor everyone,

but lwouldn'tdramof
worknqtheremylelfhit imagine
al thattoxicwasteberng
dumped
intotheflver.
Theverythoughtot t keeps
mea\ryke
at n ght.Andif
there were an explosion \riell- (sighs) it would Effe.t the
envifonment
for milesaror.lnd.
not to mntionhowwewouldsufferl

Wo.ddn:salah
told meaboutit.she'!takinethecourse
too 5heqave
methe courseouthneandrt lookedfealy lrrtelestrrlg,
so I thouqhtl'd
gBeit a go.
,tt4n:DoyorlthrnkthereareStrI places
on theroufse?
Speaker
2 (female)
WofidniI don't know Why don't you go and see Dr Bradley's
Eveqthe weathefpatterflgare changnq.Somecountries
are
Herollices justdownthe corridor,
secr..tary?
roornA4l
sufferingfiom floodsand othersdrought lFthe tnrperatufes
tise
MqniHmm l hopel dont regrett rrs.

UNIT9
Tapescript
for Exercise
3a(p.159)
Jnterv/eweri
Ex{use
me.GoodafternoonMv narneis.lonathan
Adams
aqd n 'ro-nG.eerword negaznewere cordrrcring
a .rrr,ey
dbo,l reft(i'rg Wouldeacho'yo'-rlLe ro starelour uewso- thc

matter?
Spedker
1,1,3:Yes,
of coLrse/ 5Lre./ A right/ntervJewefi
Thankyou Urn,the firstquestiofiis Dc you fecyclernost
of yourhou5ehold
wdste?
spedket
1lwoftdnJ:wellto be perfectlyhonest,I don't recycle
Et a . I
can't be both,"rccl.
/nterv/eweriHmm
And you,s r?
Speaker
] (nqal WeI, rot really. ony fecyce aJDer'he re(yctlrg
centrfor glassafd aluminum istoo fEfawaylrommyhouse.

256

muchrnorethepolalicecapswillmeltandthenthewhoe Earthwill
be fiooded!Oh deai t doesn'tbearthinkingaboutl Evefnow
plantsand wild fe are sufferingfrom t5 etfects.| ,ust don't know
what'sto become
of usall
Speaker
3 (male)
Wpl, to begi. wilh, l(in r evenoper my\&indov!\-roll of tf e ri-re

poisonou
What with all of tho5e(ars and factories
releasrnq
10 chokeyou lts dreadtu
intothe aif, t'i enough
chemicals
I And
wherthechemlca
s mixwiththewaterintheclor,lds
it comes
backas
polutedrain,causnqallsortsoi problemsl
Yeah,
I reay worryabout
a lyto rheenvifonn-rent.
thedamege
ir'sdoing,e5pec
Speaker
4 (fmaleJ
whenthere's
I iustdread
to thrnkwhatwilhdppen
nocoalor oi leftl
At the rnornentmorethan 80%of our enetqyneedsrelyon them
only kfows what wil happen!|
On(e they'verur out, qoodne5s
suppose
we coud be likepeoplefiom 5omeothercountries
anduse

Tapescripts
in thattypeof thing.Oryoucouldevenputa roryct
ngbinin the

alternative
formsof enerEyAfter all they afe cheaperand more
y,I suppose
envifonmentally
frrend
5t ll, I cant helpworryinq
abouttl

YaroMfiriYes,I'm surethat worildhep the sludentibecomemore

awareof the importan(eof fe cyrling
Womdnr
Andtheir pdrentstoo, with anyluckl

5peaker
5 (male)
It wa5justsornething
I ne\erthouqhtof In the pa . Nowada}E,
it3 on
everybo4/t
mind. ffiean,who kno,rswhatwe'reeating?
Wecauldbe
poisoned
prayon
insectrcides
wth allofthose
andpestqdes
thatfarmers
d I thefrut andveqetables
I insiston everlthrnq
I eatbeingthoroughly
washed.
I drtue
mywifuo'azybulyoujustcafl'tbetoocarful,
can!ou?

. Tapescript
for Exercise
1b(p.15a)
in popufardy
Jim.whalewatchinghasgreatlyIncreased
over the lE5tfew yearsIn fact,it's now thoughtto be oneof the
eadingioufist attractionsif many places5incearound1990

interest
eachyearThisis
in it hasdeveopedata rateof about?1ryo
groatnelvsof course,
benefitst brrngs
notonlyfor theconomic
Don'tyouagree?
forwhae preservation
butfirstandforemost
2 lnterviewer:
Ei(cuse
me sr lee you'relekrngpart in this
wht t s l/ouare
demonstration.
to rneexactly
Canyouexplain
protestinq
about?
ProtJte[
Yes.ltt aboutthe r]otorwaythat'sqoingto be bullt
r ghtthrough
thecentre
of ourvillage.
lnferuiewer
Andhowwill thlsaffectthe reiidents?
Pforer&ri
well, apertfrom the noiseand pollution.morethan
downtoo Notthatthis
halfoftheshop5
willbe forced
to close
Forwhat? Just to redr.rce
affens me in any way, but
a
journeybya fewrninutes.
rfiotorist's
lts anabsolut
disqfacel
3

Mdni l'm suresomethingmore can be done for the famine

vtcflm5.|t makes
my bloodboil.it reallydqes.

Womdni
I knowvrhdl yoJ mean.Maybewe coLldorganise
e

colte[tion
andsendthemsometinnedFoodor money
ManiThat'5
a I verywe!|,butthesepeopleneedmorethanthat!
Worif4.'5omethtnq
.norelong-telmyo! mean.

MonrExactly.
Theyneedsomesortof expenadviceor how to
peopleare stl
I can't belreve
becomemoresll-sutfirlent.
suffering
likethrsAfteral v/earelilrnginth?lstcentury!
... flghtsojustlet meseerf havedllthedetailsYouhavecollected
the reclctngleafletsFroflrthe prnter'sandI haveto colectthem
fro-'r)L at tle tor,Lnralon

lhJrlddy dl l\e ldle.l, .1d l'drd

ard saturdi),
lhpmoLt to rl'opper:n rheHighsrreetor Friday

oK,thatseems
teeyouor'tThursday
then
clearenough.
in the
. Wel, \,'rhatI fealy want to do Richardrsto get everyone
neighbourhood
to 5i9nthispaperThatoldfactoryhasto go lt's
rt causesMoreandrnoreflats
ugy,not to nrention
thepollulion

ningof
aregoingup every
dayandthefesdentsareallcompla
breathingprobems.AFartfronrthat there'sno patkor schoolin
the areaandthatwouldbeanideasootforeitheroneof themI
6

lt/ofldni
Thesme fromtherubbishsunbearabe.John

Mcn:I know I wasjustabolt to saythesamethingI Howoftenis

rt collected?
lsit twicea vveeR,
or morer
daf.Thfethey
lilorfloniThatwa5 ir our od nelghbourhood
usedto comeroundthreetirnesa week Hret's ony on
Tuesdays.
lt's!rnbelievable!
Man;That'shardlyenough;
in thiswarmweatherlt
espe.iely
should
becollected
dalv.I m suret'5a hehhhazardl
my.lessto dosomething
to
7 McnWhatI d really
I keisto rncourage
lane?
helpthenvironrnent
Canyoucorneup\'!ithanysuggestions,
t/Vorirdn;
a competttton
to see
Well.let'ssee.YoucouldorEanise
whocancollectthe mostbottlesor (ans.Kdslovbeinginvalved

VvellWnei I I rlt CAmeUoW'In tne roeaoT OlanllnoSOmelrees

neverdreaffred
so manypeoplewould takepan. 'd origrully
askedthe coun':ilfor permiss
on to pltsntfiveor lix Ueesalong
our street,and it just grewfrom there.Everyone
in the area
seerned
to be lnterested
in my idea Beforelong treeswerc
\hootiagup pr,etraruhc'e
n the retglboJrhood
andas you ca.
see,the resultis amazingf
all very proud of our
andallli tookwasa littletimeandeffoft.
d.h evrnent

Tapescriot
for Exercise
2c(p.164)
lntetviewer:
We havewth us todayPeterFelp5,
a botanistwho is
proiect
workngonthe EdenCentre
in Cornwall
Peter
welcome.
Pete[lt s n]ceto behere,lane.
lnrerv/ewer
Now Peter- coulda botanirthavea betteriob than
vours?
PeteE
Probably
not - | 9t to workwirh iu't abouteveryvafietyof
p antintheworldon a dailybaris,
whichiseverybotanstsdream.
lnterviewer.
Yo!'fea lcky nrar'rHowexactly
wouldyoudesffibe
what
the Edenproiectis?

qarden
Peter:
Weliketo thinkoFit asa unversal
forthe21stcenturv
a place
wherepeople
cancomeendlearn
the fascinatrnq
storyof
people's
dependence
on plant5.

Inferurewer
Andwhatwoulda typcaltripto Edennvolve?
PeterWell the'e are fo lypkdl rr ps. It would be mpossible
to
e).pererce e!erythingon offerin one(irgte da/.
youexplan to ouf listenefs
lntefyierryerCan
what a Eiomels exactly?
Pre/r
Well ft3 a huge greenhouse,
realy. Thetlop cel Bofie rsthe
largestof its kindin the world.ThesecondBrcrr]eis slghtlysmaler
with plaft5fromreg!onswith Mediterranean
typeclimate5.
/nterviewr:
And how,for example,is the lropicaenvironmnt
in the
firstBomecreatEd?
PetlrWe , il's a tr ckytaskr' you dor'l v"afitIo loseanyp J'rrs.We
user'r'dlerfdll)
to mdrntarn
tl-e I ght levelol hu-rrorty
and l\el tl'e e

isanirrigation
syslem
to keepthesoi!damp
/nferyrryer:Just
ikeit is n theirnEtural
habitat,youmean?
PterExacty.Rainforests
haveanEverage
60 inchrainfallperyear,so
voucan-ide'.randhowimooftant
t i:
forvi)itorr)
/,rteM?wrrAnd
wharabouttheheat?lsnt it Jncorffortable
PercrWll.the temDerature
obvELrslv
hasto be riohtfof the nlants.
However,
thereisanexitpointat th lvldleys
anhouse,
a aoolroomin
WestAfricafot emergencies
andthen,thereareplentyof seatsand
watrfountain5to keepyou comfortable
on yourway.
/nterviewer:Whet;bout
theMedttetranean
BiornelWhat'sthat ike?

PetrYes.Certainpartsof thri Biornehaveto be keptdr) anddusty

to behave
in
to strss
theplaots
astheydo inthewid 8utthescents
tnereareamazrng.
Jnfervreweri
Nowyou saidearlierthat the Edenprojecttellspositive
stories
abouttheenvironment
Whatdidvoumean?
Wel, aoanf'on b-g a visrTifg
Perr
cenue,
Ede'risalsoofl(iallya
cl-ariq- rr e Ede'rTrustTlror,ghLteBionesaadrlSere:rhbiu we
tellstories
of allsortsof communities
aroundthe word lookng fof

waysof promottng
environTnental
care
Infervkwel:
Af d how do yor]ludgethe success
of Edensofar?

y wel. lessthan5%of our p antshavediedso

Petef.'Oh,
fantasticaL
farandwearefastbecorning
oneof themostvrstedstte!In Britan.
Interyiewer:
Peter,thankyou for beingheretodaya n ds harnq . . .
{fadinq)

751

Tapescripts
.) Tapescript
for Exercise
4 (p,165)
,flte/ocltoriNow I'd lke eacho[ youto talk on yourown for abouti
.ninuft I'rngong to g veeachofyoulwo diffurentphotographs
andl'd
likeyouto talkaboulthem.Atex,hereareyourtwo phctographs.
They
Please,
let Christn
5howdifferentwals of helpingth environrnenr.

havea look ar thern.Christine,

l'l giveyou yourphotographs
in a
thesepicb.rres,
mnute Alex.'d likeyouto compare
andcontrast
sayinq
youonly
whichwayyouthinkls moreeffective
andwhy.Remember,
havea minutforthissodon'tworryif I interuptyou.Al right?
J.4: Yes...wl... letmeree . erm... intheflrstp cture canseea
it coud bepaperor glas . .
womanwhois recycling
something;
picture.
n thesecond
I canseea ot of people theyseemto b
demonttrating
eganstperhapl
... errn... whatsit caledagain?
Oh, gentc engineering.suppose
that the peope ln both
pictures
... eachin theirownway.
wishto helptheenvjronment
Lr. ... I'd rry lhal rpry(lngrs a beTterwa),of helping.h

enviroflment
... lthink thatthe resuJts
it hason our livesare
mored rect.of colrse,prote5ting
canalsobrlngEboutchanqe
bur th nk tha?rf we wor<rno'viduJl)
atd recycle,
'or etample,

asTnuch
aswecan.thenwwil havebetterresults.
lfite otutot: Thank yor.r.fhristine, how could people help the
environfirent?

JBi Well, there is a nurnbefof ways to help protect th

environrflent.
Weshoulda I seveenerQv andwe thouldal
savewerer .. mayoeyou thinkthat thesethingsare not
important
veryimportant erm...
butthisiswrong they're
whatlse?Weshoulda I rnakslre \cethrowourrubbish
awav
places l\4anypeopl-"
not on the streets. . but in specified
don'tdo these
siripleth ngs ...
lnterlocutot:
Thank you Now Christne, here are your two
photographs.
Theyshowpeople
harminq
theenviforment.
Please,
let
Alexhavea lookat them.... I'd likeyouto compar
and aontrast
thesep ciures,sayingwhichone you think cau:esmoredamage.
you only havea minutefor this so dofl't worry if I
Remember,
interruptyou.All right?

58; In the fl|stpicture

theres a rnanwho is .. errr ... cutling

dol,'!ntfeesandin the secondprcturethereis a farmrwho 19

usingthesechmcals... theytcalled
erm . . penicides
.. he'5
spraying
hisfield.Thes
rhemiGs ... erm .. pesticids
arevery
badfor our food because
theypoisonrt nd if we haven't
get slck.lts a verybad
waihedthe foodverywelwe coLrjd
thing,I think.Cuttinqdowntreesis verybad.too, because
thentheremaybe floods,
animals
cquldosetherrhoffies..
erm ..
Both peopleare harmingthe envronmentbut
pesticdescausemoredamaqe Thethingis . they
aheirical
rouldpoison
u5,lsuppose
lnterlo(tofiThankyou Alex,in whalotberwaysdo peope harmthe
envir0nment?
54. We , firstof all,we u5eour (arsall the tirnandthisway\se
contrlbute
to the smogin ouf crtiesandtowns N,4oreover,
our
seasendbea{hes
arepollutedbythe ptrolendoil of bigships
... people
andalsoby the . . erm. . toxi{wasteof farto{ies
alsodumptheirEarbaqe
in th6 seaandon the beaches
We
shouldberiorecarefu..
tor:Thankyou
lnre/ocu

UNIT1O
i; Tapescript
forExercise
3a{p.175)
f/ntjOh,yoJ got me a I rvronq!| d dn t r.eanyouwerent try ng ...
rnaybe
you'lijusthaveto try a litt e harder..
pi15,all
l'vetriedevrything
kindsof
lydia;Butam,Tim!lreallyaml
dRts, best-selling
books- you nameitl I feel like I'nr doing
keeogivrrgmebadnewsl
!er,4hlrgr ghl but 1\escEles

lim.-We. you can'tbe dorngeverything

rght then.Youmustbe
l'd saya bookisthe astthing
doingsomething
wrong.Tobehonest,
thatcanheipyou.
Lydh;I knowthatnow!
f,m:whdryoL'edll''leed|! a1 overall
cl-arqeof lfesqle

Lydia:Yea6,
you'reprobablyrighibut I'vebeenso caughtup in the
snd keepinqthe housegoingthat
crazrness
of work deadlines
whenever
l'm upsetor tenseI headstraightforthe fridge
IiflrWell,that'sa badrdeaHabitslikethatarehardto brcak.

daveverrTrade
lydio;Oh, comeon Hasn'ta stressful
vouctavea
forbidden
snack?
fmr:Wel, actuay, no. What I'm sayingis that insteadof always

yourhealth
and
th nkingaboutyourweqht.youcoud tryto improve
yourenergylevels
increase
lydidrHmrn.Anysuggestions?
firedicine?
limrWell,haveyoueverthoughtof tryinqalternative
tydiorAlternativemedi{ine?What do you mEan?Thingslike
arometherapy
andaaupuncture?
Iirfl;well, not necessarilyTheothet dayI was readingan article
aboutgreenteaandhowit canhelpf ghttiredness
andslress.talso
mentionedstudes that showedhow someherbscaf boostour
immunily
andbrainpower
Lydia;
Allth s sounds
verynicebut ... horry
witlit helpmeLose
\qerght?
Tirn;lydia,you'remissngthe point Forgetaboutthe s{a]esfor a
\'!f iEl WhaTI'r-rsaying
isthar laybe yoLrshoJldnprovetheqJally
You'llprobably
findthat you'l loseweight
of yourlife ln gneral.
beforeyou knowill
lydiojYoumakeit all soundsoea5y!
Tlm:Far
fromit! Butit will bewellwonh t, believemel Thereareso
manythingsyoucando.
lydiorYeah? Likewhat?
is anotherstepin the right
Iifir Wel, you know,takingsone exercise

of
directionlt will helpyoukeepfit andft wrllalsogiveyoua sense
well-being
50,... whydon'tyoutike up a sport... or ... Eoto rhe
gym?...flraybe
youshould
takeupjoggngagain...!\hy didyougiveit
uPanyway)Wasit loo tirifg forYoU?

mostof the
lydio.lt wasn'tthat-lt! lustthat I couldn'tbe bothered
..
time. lsuppose
if lhadcompany
H e y|-h ast d 1 rd e ell.o L l dd o w i ti somemoreexercise
myselfl
I
Tl mr
couldloinyouif youlike.Afldthisway canhelpplt youbdckonthe
righltrd(k in caseyouqet azy!
Lfdioit's a deal

'Tapescript
lb (p,180)
for Exercise
qenetiEcodeto be indudedin our
We canexpctour peTsonal
treatments
w l be(omeavailable
for
medicalfeco{ds.
sospecalised

a,eexpecteo
rnr.afy I e ds.ano
eddtpatientVa or oreakthougl's
of Alzheimer's
mostdefinitelv
n fie tleatrner'tt
andParkinson's.
8ut
in
the greatest
chanqewil comein the shapeof self-dlagnosrs,
pEtients
w ll enable
to evaluate
theirheaNth
whKhsmadcornrluters
wrongwth themandwhatthey
andknow f therst sorftethlng
i prcttionef.
shoulddo eboutit withouthep From

258

Tapescripts
.J

products
I believe
we will:eepoorquality
d sappear
from
simply
shelves
andmoreafFordab
fof househod
e Drices
neressities
as
consumerpressure
becomesmorp organi5ed
and, fterefore,
greeterWe;l5oexpectthat,by 2030,90 percer't
oFgoodswill
be delileredto the homeastiri'rebecomes
the newmcnev.Thrs
deveooment\tullmaflthat suoerrndrkets
to
will be reduced
Ittlemorethanwarehouses

Our loveaifairwith {elebrity(uiture[ouldsoonbe overaswe

shft to$rards
a morevrtua word. By2010,rt rsestimated
that
oneIn four fece:on lhe :maI screenvqilbe that of an artifcial
generEted
celebbot a cofirpr.rter
TV personalrty.
Thisrs also
exflededto soillovr into the wofld of music.Thesuccess
of
animated
between
Bluts Damon
bandGofilaz - a colaboration
Abarf and Trnk GrrlcartoonEtla,.nieHewlett- has a ready
sparked
interest
in the deaofvirtuapop5tarswho don'thaveto
tour andwill nevergrowo d

Tiltrngtraifs, ableto tnke bendslasterthanordinaryones,were

first senin Brltainin 1981.Terhncal problems
thal stopped
them from becomnq widelyusedh:ve sinru beensolved,and
Vi qrr hupprlhe! rl be rhe sauioLr
of tra'n rravelwher tlev
introduc
them ldterths yeer Rai travelisn't the onlythlng
willcomeIntoservice
thatll getfasterBoEn!'5 SontcCru6er
in a
on longflqhls.
few year:andprornise5
to lavehoLrrs
Tqc llte|rpl aq wc krow ir wll d'rapoei' opoolew.ll .top raking

abOutii and t will nOl0nqe-be nerer'a] lo l-dved COripJIerto

t willbeaveilab
ac(ess
it. nstead,t willmeh nto thebackground.
e
everyrvhereall
thetime,viaw reless
accessand
5upr-fast
broadband

con,'rections.
As a result,we'l be onlineal the tirne,andwithout
thinkingmuchaboutit. Expect
mobie phones
to become
sosmall
thattheycanbe fifiedinsde a person
s ear,andsosmdrtthatwe
s namerFordertocallthem,
onlyhaveto quietly
'ltteflsomeone

Tapescrrpt
forExercise
2b(p.180)
Prerenter.
Themodernanswer
to the officeworker's
sedentary
ifeslye
isto signupata gym.Such
thatI8%of usarmembers
isthedemand
oI d gym w|rr me tonEf t 's Ma* Slan,/vi(
f . o el\ office' o[ tFe

NatonalFitners
to theprografirme.
Assocralnf.
l,,4ark,
rir'elcorne

Thankyou.Kdte
Mar,t.

Presenlefi
Now yor.r
weresayingbeforethat f someone
isconsdering
fillt do someserous{esearch
retherthan
toninga gymrheyshould
to theirhomeWhatis the
the onewh (h is closesl
iust.hoosinq
reason
fof that?
gymscanoffer Do
Mcrkwell,Kate,therearemanyd fferentservices
youwanta posers
paradise
n whlchto showoff yourmuscles)
Do
youwanl a gymthat hostsvaredclasses,
suchasaerobcsind yoga?
Areyou lookingfof onethat hasa vibrantsocialscene?
Or do you
want to keepyolr headdown andjust get on with losingsorne
weightin peace?Perhaps
you want ltatf to provideyou with
All of theseqlestons mustbe
motivation
and encouragernent?
an5wred
by yoLr nital research.
lf yoLrFndup in the wrongkindof
gynr,you wrll osemoiivation
veryqucklyindeedandslmplystop
gorngandallyourmony
anoeffortw qodownthedrarn
Presenter
| 5ee50whata.ethethingsI shouldbEiookingout for?
tlfark;Well,beforecallingIn on a gym,r ng to seeif youcanbooka
goodtirne for a walk-roufid
with oneof the instructors.
Gymsar
normally
llusiestbetween5pmand7pmonwekdaysAlthoughyou
do \edntto seethe gymin adionat a tme whenyou mlghtbe
youw lwantlo fllstviewallthefactiittes
withoutsweaty
attending,
peope constantly
pushinq
pa)'tyou.
Alsohavea quck lookat the rar DaIkto seehow busyit is befole
atmosphere
of the
stepping
throughthe doors.Noliaethe general
gyfi: Do the instructors
lruly?ls thereloud rnLls
c
look extremely

playrng?
Dosit 5rxe| fteshor slale?n a nutshell,
is t the kindof
piacey0|]want10visf regularly?
Prejenrr:
I see.50 suppose'\,efoundmy kindof qym - now it'! lime
to orn?
Mcrk.Not just yet therarea few thingsto talk aboutwith them.
Youw ll probdbly
a readyknowwhat the monthlyaostof beinqa
rnember
ls,butwhatdoesthatincude?Doesit include
everything,
or
aresefvices
suchfls yoqarlassesand Fersonal
trainersqoinqto cost
more?Do you qer a frelh t6wel eachtirneyou go or will that cost
in the {hangingroomsfreeoTafeyou goingto
extra?Are lockers
haveto remember
to bring oosrhangeeverytirneyou exercise?
PresnterRight.
WtrJtit ll-dveto sigra conract,

MerkJ
lt s bestto takehomeanvcoftractthatvoumavhaveto siof
andgo throLgh
it carefuly,
lookifgforwhathappens
if youleave
or
if the gym goesbust or moyes.Be suspciousof a gynrthat is
reluctant
to letyor.rtakeawaye conrract
to lookoveranddiitru5tit
evenmoreif it s determined
to seclreyoi.rr
srqnature
on yolrrfirst
v slt Andavod ' rfemembefships'
Youmrqhlmovelownar som
porntor,at east,w:nt to (hangeyourgym.
PreienterWow.All thesethrngsto think about.I think rnostpeople

area brt unceftaln

aboutjoiningwheniheythinkits simpeAfter
todaytheymaydecdenotto botherat a L
Mark[aughs]lt's not thdt bad.reallyYouknow,joinn! a gyn s E
lfestylechanqe.
lf youdo it rightit canmakea gfeatdifference
you'I behealthier
andhappier
ditficulties
every
day.50don'lletsmall
you - it's realyworth it Go for it. just makesureyour
drscouraqe
qym I a Flaccwhereyouwant to be,and not a placeyou'llnever
wantto 5eeagarndftera fewv sits.

Tapescript
for Exercise
s (p-181)
lnterlocutorNo,.lv.
l'd llkeyou to talk about 5ornething
togetherfor
aboutthreerninutesl'm iustgoinqto Islea A nelr letsure
centret5
Inyourareaandtheyerecurrently
opening
decrding
onwhatfacrlites
to include.Here are some photographsof tacilitlesfrorn other
centresTalkto eachothef about how usefuleachfacrlitywould be
for ciints.Thefldiscuss
whichfourthe eisurecentreshquldchoose.
SAllmr

Weil.., bd+.lball.oL't woulddefin;tely

bF usefulror rhe

playbasketball.
clients,
asiotJof people
lt'sgreatwayto keep
SB: That'strue A rafeteri
woud be mofeuseful,
though,as ii

wouldorovidethe clientswith a olaceto rnetf{iendsof to

relax.Noteveryone
wantsto pldysports,do they?
playground
5Ar I aqree.
I thinkthathaving
an indoor
rsa qreatrdea,
too. Peoplelikeio feelthet theycan90 arrdwork out in the
gym,or chatwiththeirfriends,
knowing
thdtthirchldrenare
somewhefe
safeandthattheyarhavinq
fun,too.
58.. Yes,you'reright thinkthata gymisessential
forthe cirents
as
well Afterall,mostpeopleareinterested
frt andif
in keepinq
we haveall thelatestequiprnent
t willbeverypopular
poolwouldbeusefulfor people
5Ai Yes,anda swimming
of a I ages,
centredefinitelvneedsto haveoneofthose.
ro lthink the leisure

sE.. I lh nk 50 too Whdt abouta bowrilgalley/Do yoL lhink lhF

lisure
centfe
should
havoneor not?
54.. Yes,I thinkit wouldb qute useful,becauee
it is a funwayto
spendtrrnewiih friends.lt! actve \flithoutbeingexhausting
likebasketball.
58.. Thdt'sa goodpo nt. Now,we needto decide
whichfourof the
facit eswe aregoinqto includeInmyopinlon,
is
thecafeteria
the mosl imDortantone. be{auseit will attractal d fferent
kindsof peope, notiustsportypeope.
54; Yes,aqree.
I thinkthatthechildren'S
playground
willbea b q
atlraction
for lotsof people,
too.andthereareso few other
faciltlesior youngpeoplein our areathatI thinkwe haveto
ndudethatin theleisure
centre.

259

Tapescripts
5&

\tus,I think you'reright about that. The gym is : good idea.

because
it woLrldattracta lot of clients,andthe swimmnq poo
woud be great,too, because
lt is s! tablefor peopefof al
aqesard canbeusedior havinqfunor for keepng ft
pool,but I'mafraidI have
I agfewithyoudbouttheswimrninq
to diSagree
with you aboutthe gy.f. I think that the bowinq
a leywou d be a betteridea,asit offersa fun actNty florpeopl
ol all aqesAnlway,thereis akeadya gymifl the area.but there

isn'ta bowlngaliey.
you'vegot a point Afteral , thisisa leisure
5R: Ys.perhaps
centfe,
somewhere
not a 5portscntle.Themainideais to provrde
wFerepeopfecgngo to havefun So,we'vedecidedon the
playground.
the swimmng pooland
cafeteriE,
the child{en's

thebowingaley.
I thrnkthosearethebestchoices
fortheclients
Exactiy.
inlerioruto.iVfratisyou.falo".irewdy-o'elax?

54r Personally,
I liketo spendtiraereadinga bookor watchinqa
video.I lke to escape
into the plot of a story.lt helpsrneto
forgetal thestress
life
andproblems
of ereryday
videos.
I lind t rathEr
0h, I don't(eallyenjoyreading
or watching
borng.I rnuchpreierro spendtimewith rnyfriendsin orderto
relar I ikegong to cafesor to rnyfriends'houses.
Welistefto
music
andcharandit makes
mefelverycalmndhappy.
iflleriocutori
\4ftathobbLes
arepopular
in yourcountry?
54r Well,in mycountryony youngchrldren
tendto havehobbieS.
supposE
ther parents
enaourage
ihemto iakeup hobbesin
orderto keepthembusy.
olderchlldren
andadults
don'treally
tend to havehobbie5,
as such Perhaps
theyiust do{]'t have
time.| thinkthat whatwth wo.k,soria livesandfamiles,
people
don'thavenrucht meto do hobbres.
58; I agree.I th nk thatwhenpeopledo havefreetime,theywould

rcll-errperd il watchrrq-V o' neel ng rp ,v Lhrhei' frrends

thancollerting
lke that.Mrndyou,a lot of
stamps
or any.thinq
peoplein my countryplaysporlsin their freelime, lLch a5
tennrsandfootbal, andmorepeopletheiedaysgo to the gym,
so Euppose
lhatrountsdsa hobby.
people
Doyoubliev
/ntr/ocutofi
spndtoo mucht]rneworkingthes
days?

cafesandclubsandwe meetfew people

allthet m.I would
I love
beterrlblyboredif I didn'thavea livey sociallife,because
being\ /ithpeople
andl hatestayinq
et homeon myown.
lnter,iocufor:
Thankyou.

Self-Assessment
Module5
i Tapescri
pt forExercise
9 (p,194)
quitea
Presenter.'
Swarms
of je lyfisharecausing
Scottish
fishfarmers
bitof concern.
Mafgaret
smithhasthereport.
Wonon.
Siently,
intheirmi ioi'rs,
thybeqinto appear.
Nooneknow!
wherethe swarrs comefrom or why - but theydo come.In the
Shetlaflds,
the afrivalof
wherefishfarmingis vrtalto the econo,.fy.
thesejellyfish
for the localpeople
canspelldisaster

lellyfishfl6at towardssmaI marineanimalswhichthey sting on

trappedinsidecages,cannot
contactandthen eat Farmed
salmon,
escapeThe fi5h are drivenm;d by the irritation.
and efld !p
throwingthern5ehes
aganst the sdes Df ther cages,aausfng
themselves
5erousInluries
OtherleLlyfish,
whrchmaynotsting,driftintothecages
andclogup
thegiilsof farmedfsh, I trElly
chokinqthemto deathThedeathtoll
of farmedfishmavmeasure
in themi on5
Theeffectson indlviduel
farmers
canbe catastroohic.
lt ran meana
tota ossfor a fishfarnrf a swarmaopears
Ihe problemwith theselejlyfishis that we knowveryhttleabout
them.lellyfishare aflcientcratures,
whichhavea strangeand
complicatedfestyle.but they havebeeniqnoredby soence.since
we can'teatthemandtheyareof no economic
valup,nobody
ha!
studied
them.
NoWallthat ischangrng
arerau4rng
usto losemoney,
ard
leLlyfish
ielyfishstudiesafeon the agenda

Tenuniversities
Unionto take
havebeenrecruted by the European
partIn a three-year
the I festyl
studyTheiflirsttaskisto understand
themor at least
of thesetransparent
krllers,
andthentry to conrfol
predici
whatthevwil do fiext.
Prolesro-erleyD'.{l or [re [4Errne8|oogydepanrert of the

journalists
UnNersity
thismorning,
andemphasise
ol Strrling
briefed
solution
54; I thinkthat a lot of peope, eipecallythosewith high-powered the amountof workthathasto bedonebeforeaneffecti!./e
an ear9warning
for fish
canbe found.Someideasinclude
system
iobs,spendiar too rnu(ht meat worktheseda!s.Moreand
thefrshlor a few
fafmers,
whichwouldallOwthemto stopfeedrng
more peoplework late and some peopleeven work at
dayS
andsomakethemst/onger
andableto liveon lessoxygen.
But
weekends
I don'tthrnkthatth s is healthylt is impossible
to
pointing
hedidn'tsoundteriblyoptimistic
aboutearlysolutiofs,
out
doyo!rjobswellif youdon'thavetimeto relax
that the scentiflc communrtys
knowledgeabout jllyfsh is
58; I coudn'tagree
more.
People
these
daysspend
somuchtimeat
en'rbarrassrngly
imrted
workthattheyhardy evefseetheirfamilies
Thrs
isreftainly
not
a goodway td lve U/o'krg SLCh
longlours (aLse'Jl hndl ot
Research
on thfeemajorarea{aroundTheNorthSea
isfocusing
problems,
Endcaftevenbedangerous
to yourhealth,
asstrs5
with ts flsh:ndrfiusset
farms,
rr oneof
sandsound
Voein shetlend,
aancausea varietyof ;l nesses,
People
shouldcut downon theif
theri.'The
in Denmafk,
anareaof 1575squar
is Limflorden
5eccnd
workinghoursAfterall,thereis rnuchmoreto iifethanr,vork.
kilomtres,
whirhusdto havean importantfisheq/ifldusrryAftera
ls in desperate
trouble.Jelyfish
Fllyfishattacklastyear,the iftdustry
tnteflocuroliftow rmoortantt5navtnqa sociallifeto you?
arebeingblamed
foreatng theeggsof fishand- moreworryingly
to recovetFinalX the third areais the
5A: Tome,havng a Jocialife s not ail thal rmportant,
a5 enjoy not allowingthe e.osystem
L/a. Velot lagoo.tin sodrn,dr lmoofaTt tolrfl area fe lAqOOn
spendrng
timeon myown.I am perfecty happyio curlLrpwith
coupleof (lose friendswho I sc regularly,
but I am not
bolhred
aboutgoingoutandmeting
newpeople.
Oh.I'mafraidI amexactly
the opposrte!
HavrnE
a social;fe$
y importentto rne.I havea largegrolp of friendrand
extreme

tfaditionallysupportdar'rimpo.tantpopuhtionof fish, but stocks

Jellyfish
havealwaysbeenpresentbut two
havealriroitdisappeared
species,unrecordedLrr'itilsoine yeafsago, have appeared.Thy
in 1993,a phenomenon
xplos|on
undeMenta population
thathas
beenteOeated
evewsummersrnce

we rreet Jp seve'altrnel d weeklo go o,rT.\l!e go to ! on(erls,

N,4arga(et
5mith,florth-westScotland

d booko, lo

<F.

260

-il

a-d warct Ft or playor my(o'rputerI havea

WordList
UNIT1

linguafranca
( n)/ rDgw
frDk6/

UNIT2

(adj)/nnendrn/
unending
value(v)tu-qlJUJ

lingusticaly (adv),4rDgwlstrkll/acceptable
(aclj)/ekssptabuu
(adv)
literally
,4rtrali/
(adi)/grgsft
aggressive
/
malority(n) /ma45qflt
/
UNIT3
(adj)/egrleb"l/
aqreeable
mammoth(adJ)
/mama9/
(adj)iemerzdt
amazed
(adv)irn@ntuli/
manually
alert(adi)ials't/
anxously(adv)irtkles/
rnedia(n)hldia/
antidote
{n)/ntdouU
(adj)lep+lrnt
appalllng
barrers(n)lbrg et?l
(adv)/mentsli/
(adj),hllsta,d/
blisterPd
mentally
benefit(n)fl)cnrlti
ar5e(v)/araz/
hfl:(+ A,\ /h^r!crr
minorly (n)/mrnDflt,i
(adj)/stsnrlti
astonished
blend(v)tulend/
mothertongue(n)imAae'
t^
bombscare
{n)/bDmskee'/
burst(n)/bq'sl/
bossy(adj)rhqsll
(adi)imtttrltDgw'l/by-product
(adi)ibumro/
(n)tua!prDd^kt/ booming
(n)/llclndjouva'/ multrlingual
changeover
(n),tglnordertt
(n)/nrgoujrqJ'nz/
candidate
(v)iUcnll
cherish
chattelbox(n),'tleta'boks/ negotiations
offend(v)/afend/
careerpath(n)I(eng,pcre/
ronfused(adj)iksfljuzri/
clap(v)/kleF/
(n),karEl
officia(adj)/arrJ"l/
careerprospects
(adv)/kDnstant
colossal(adi)/kalps'ii
constantly
i/
(n)ikentgnlmenU prpspekts/
contentment
complcated(adJ)/kornplrkatrd/operatian(n)ioparqi"n/
(adj)/sqflmoeniel/
outdo{v}/autdu/
ceremonral
(n)/kUnas/
conduct(v)lkend^kU
coolness
(n)/tjrmnr
pdtron(n)/pgtrsn/
chimney
sweep
(n)/kDnfrsns/
crtrc sm (n) /kfltrslze,fi/
conference
placement(n)y'plqsmenl/
swr:p/
(n)idrprqlen/
(adj)*anltUzrn/
depress!on
confusing
p atform(n)/platfcJmi
cobwebs\n),4(pbwebz/
(v),/drz3'v/
(adj)
considerable
deserve
(nI /Kq :g/
polished(adj)rpqlrli/
colleague
doubt(v)i deou
/kanstdrbnl/
(n)/prauses/
process
(adj)/kergdJ"s/
courageous
consultant{n) /kans^ltnl/
dfead (v) /dfqdl
(adj)tpraldenti
proficient
crale(n)/krq!t/
ecslatic(adj)/ekstetft/
convey(v)iknve/
crew(ni,1(ruJ
corporation(n),&qrperql6n/ projected(adj)ipradlekhci/
endess(adj)/qndles/
(adj)/pf
psparss/ f lthy(adj)irrlBi
prosperous
dead-end
{adj)/dedcncu
rostly{adj),r,\sstli/
(adi)/drsarsrvt
regona (adi)/rrd5a
decisive
frustrated(adj)dr^stredrdi
cuture (n),,i(^ttl6r/
(n)/rr6an"l furious(adj)filuorios/
(adi)/drkrlsrD/
regtonal
accent
decreasing
(adv)/k^ranth/
currently
(adj)/drpendeb'l/
.aks"nl/
dependable
(adj)l(lqnerest
generous
dedcated(adj)/dedrkairdi
(adj)/drt3:'mnd/
rehearse(v)/flhg,s/
determined
(ni/drsrptrn/
goal(n)igqsl/
discipline
(adj)/rrlaab"l/
reliable
diliEent(adj)idtlrdj?nl/
hasty(adj)ihclsii
diverse(adj)/datv$,si
(n)/rrlld5.n/
(n)/daqnsazr4,i
downsizrng
(n),rdqmrnens/ religaon
horrified(adj)/hqnfard/
dominance
reward(n)trwqr{V
educatio systeftr(n)
dwarf(v)/dwJ'ff
nterpret(v)irntdrpnli
rhyrhm(n)/r!bem/
./qdJUkqJn
ststam/
(adj)nffnv
nitability(n)irnteblrti/
efficient
(n)/mprEi/
rough(adji/r^J/
emploype
(djilfltebau
lrritable
enable(v)inqbE/
(adv)/loroli
(nl
sharply
encouragement
(adj),rntslrD/
entire(adi)lntaEi
rritating
(adj)/skrld/
skilled
m"nV
.4nk4rrdJ
(n)/qshnet/
joyful{adj}/dsqJol/
estimat
(n)is ougsnr
slogan
(n)/dudJmont/ ensure(v)irnluq'l
ex{lude(v}lrksklu:d/
r:dgement
(adv)/rvenilue
spectac
e (n)/spcktk
/
eventually
/
ikedble iddj)nelkebeu
fedtufe(n)/fttlri
(adj)nkstgndrd/
targetrnarket(n)itg'gt
extended
format(n)[g,mati
maintain{v)/merntern/
mcJkrl/
faulty (adi)ffrlli/
giggle(v)/grg"/
mi d (adj)imarldt
(adl)16lasi
taxaton (n'}/tksgj"n/
(adj)
globalmarket(n)/glq!,b?l
miserable
/mtzerab*u feadess
(adv)/0ankfutrt
(adt)tf eksrb'l/
thank[ully
flexible
mgrl+t/
offence(n)lefens/
(adj),{fl
tremendous
mendas/ offended(adj)/afcndrdi
flexible
hours(n)fflsksrbal
grasp(v)/grqsp/
unbeatable(adj)/4nbitbfl
/
&srz/
(adj)lrmgnsi
immense
ordinarily(adviiq'drneralii
(adj)/'rn{ekt/
(n)firllcnsn/
freelancing
impatient(adj)lrmpcifenV unchecked
overfow (n)iauva'flou/
globaleconomy
vafrety(n)/vraleti/
{n)/qlsqbol
(adl)/ouve'4qd/
irflpicEtions
overjoyed
in)imp rkcLfonz/
(n)/,iq'l"n/
version
rkDnamr/
(adj)
(n)/imprelani
impression
overwhelmed
grace(v)/orgs/
weep (v).^,ry!p/
(adj)irnklu:srv/
inclusive
/quverhwglmd/
(n)
guidance
wh sper(v)f,wtspa'/
counsellor
(n)/pcsrmrsti
(n)trndrpqndens/
pessimist
independence
wh stle(v)Iwlsul/
/g4d'ns kaunsala'/
(v)ipazqs/
(v)/mfluens/
possess
influence
(n)
household
manager
(n)nnhbtantsi worklodd(n)A,vs'kloud/
rational(adJ)
lnhabitants
/r@lanati
wodd politrcs(n),l,,rq'o
/tleqshould
m!gnrqs'./
interact(v)/rntar@kt/
reveal(v)/rtvill/
pgl(rks/
(adl)nndrpcn&nt/
independent
international
selfimage(n)/selfrmrY
trade(n)
(n)4n{etrv/
yawn(v)/iqn/
inrtiative
(v)4qm/
/nta'naqlan?l
sha!-ne
trqd/
yell(v)/jei
(n)4ntrast/
interest
status(n)/stqrtas/
Interpreter(n)intgJprlis'/
isolated(adj)/atseedd/
(adj)/strarkrn/
striking
lead(v)i Ldr
job secunty(n)/{5nbsrktuantr/
ihoughtfu| {adji/6qtruli
egal(adj)nlsoli
ong-term(adjiIqDta'mi

(adj)/aeksesrbel/
accessible
a ter (v)/f,lta'/
(n)/Srkawl
archive
aspe{t(n)iespekt/
(n)i asoqned'n/
association

261

WordList

(ad1)
marntenance
bills(n)
conventnnal
/nrqnhnns
/kanvqnJanl/
/mqnlrnans
brlz/
*Eb/
milkfloat(n)/m k f oou
(n)/mqzenqt/
maisonette
delght(v)/d 4t/
accessble (adj)/eksqflbil/
(adj)/ebsesu
obsessed
labels(ni/drzalna.
designer
admittedly(adv)/edmrtrdli/ mansionin) /m@rfen/
(n)/obshAklanz/ affordable(adj)i fq.:dab"t/
obslructions
(n),]mntosknpU
manuscnpt
lqEaz/
(n)/parqd/
parade
(adi)/mesrv,/
deiracts(v)idrtrEkts/
agricuitural(adj)/EgflkA!{er6r/ massive
(n)/penlnn/
pension
(adj)/dqlnte
mud (n)h4d/
down-to-earth
(n)/elkouvz/
alcovs
perksin)/Frks/
ornamenta(adj)/g'nsrngnt*u
de/
ample{adj)/qmpl/
(adj)/ondlas/
ownership(ni /qqne'lrp/
endless
Permlt(n)ipc'mrl/
attrc(n)/ehk/
(adj)/pe,slstanl/ bedsit(n)/rcdsrt/
persistent
patio(ni /p@tidu/
entertanment(n)
(n)/pqrsane
personnel
/
/ent'ternment/
{n}/penthaus/
Penthouse
brickpillars
{n)ibnkpra,z/
(adj),getswqr-srv/ bungalow
persuasive
pioneers
(n)/pasilgrz/
ethnic(adi)/g0nrk/
(n)ibArtgelou/
pitfall(n)/pttJrr/
polch(n)/pf'tl/
evident(adj)/qvrdant/
(nJ/krvaM
raravan
(n)/ppkdm^ni/ carpentr
pocket-money
(n)4kses/
pottedp ants(n)/potrdplEnts/ excess
(nJ/kq'Frnte'/
pose(v)/pqqz/
renovate(v)/rqnsvaU
fan(n)ffen/
celar{n)/sqla'/
post(n)/pqqsu
(n),/rgzo'vwo:'/
(n)itefun
fashionstaternent
(adj)rkampetrb"V reservoir
cornpatible
(v)lpnzgtdt
preside
rustic(adj)/rAslrk/
ste{mant/
concrete(adi)/kDrjkriu
(n)/prelqlan/
profession
(n)/sqvrgz/
savings
fashionvi-rrm(n)if@Jan
vrkhr,ri
(n)ikanfefen/
confession
prornotion(n)/premggfpn/
(adj)/scm
semi-detached
feature(v)/fqtls'/
(n)
conservatronisl
public
(n)
announcement
drleW
finalist{n)/tarnalsv
ikpnservqJenrst/
/p b[k enqqnsmant/
shed(n)4qd/
formua (n)ltq'mjulai
councihouse(n)ik4pns.l
(adj)/pArlkuuau
punGual
shelter(n)4glta'/
genre(n)ljpnre/
naqs/
pursue(v)/pa'siqJ
(adv)/srgfl
significantly
ht(6ntli/ global(adj)4 oouai
descent
{v}/drsqnt/
redundancy(n)/rid^ndansi/ detached
(n)/sk4skf
(n)/glqslnas/
glosiness
skyscraper
erpe'/
(adi)/dftatl't/
(adi)/flzrliont/
resilrent
gossip
column(n)lgpsrp
d sting!ished(adt)torstrnqwlttslope(n)/slq!.p/
(adi)/flze,stul/
resourceful
solarenergy(n)isqglrene'{Ji.f KOtm/
d stnct(n)/drstflkv
restoreiv) /flstq'/
solid(adj)/sblrd/
hopeiul(adj)/houpfur/
(ni/drclpt
curtains
draped
rewarding(adj)lrrwgrdr0/
steep{adj)rstlp/
horritiing(adl)/hqnfa
[/
rc:'t"nt
rigid(adj)/nqJtd/
terracedhouse(n) gflsthaqs,i ho5t(v)/hqesti
draug
hts(n)/dro_fls/
salary(n)/selerii
utilityroom(nl4utrtdi
ru:m/
household
name(n)
dril (v)/drlli
guard(n)/srklqenh erological(adj)/tkarqqllkat/
5ecurily
virtually(adv)/vs'tluslii
/h&shoud nqm/
ga:'d/
winding {6dj).A,varndrr1/
housmate(n) /h!qsmsU
energyusage{n)/qner4i
(adj)/sali
self-employed
ydrd(n) /iq:.d/
immature
jqsrdj/
{adj)lmeti@,/
rmplld/
(adj)irnortaranu
indifferent
(n)/qkskevgf.n/
excavatron
(ad]i/rntqn$vi
shift(n){fv
intensive
flanne coat(n)/flen"l koqv
skill(n)/skrli
intelactive(adj)irnterektrvt
UNIT5
forgery(n)ffJ'd5eri/
solid(adj)isord/
(adj)/ar_Dnrk/
ironc (adi)
fawl(n) aql/
(vl/aprl/
soat(n)/sqt/
frlly-eq
u pped(adj)i rql rkwpU appeat
Junkmail(n)rd:nr:lmertt
staff{n)/stqff
(nl/btuli
(adj)4evslhcdrd/
level-headed
treatment
(adJ)/fslr fq.n4u beauty
fully-furnished
(n)/sttpfldJEek/
steeplejack
trimanl/
rnaroon(v)/merun/
genune(adj)/qJsnjLn/
(n)/slpkbrooka'/ giassffont
stockbroker
merchandising
boxoffice(n),trqksqlrsi
{n)
{n)/glqsfrAnt/
strain(v)/slrqn/
broad.ast(n)/brqdkast/
,/mgrtlandatzr;/
handle(v)ihefld"l/
srructure(n)/str^ktJe?
monrtor(v)/mDnrtof/
bubbly(adj)ftabli/
hob(n)iheb/
(n)lsq'vet
sulvey
budget(n)/bAdJd/
muzak(n)/mtuzak/
hoist(v],hqsv
town cner(n)/tDnkrarr/
nasty(adj)ho:sli/
budgetair ne (n)ib^d5d
holdout (phrv) /t'qqlda!t/
tface(v)nrels/
ee'lan/
obituar
es(n),/oubriluanz/
hotelsujte(n),'hostglswqu
tr ade( n)Arq d /
(nI/eblrgef.ni
obhgetion
carefreeiadj),4(eic'tri
/
humble(adt)/irlmb"li
tfainee(n)./trerni:/
(adj)/qqpn
apen-mrnded
(n)/rnhbrtanls/ celebrity(n),r$qbati/
inhabitants
hours(n)
qassip
(n)islebnl'
unsociable
celebrity
mAfldd/
insulated{adj)/rnsiulertrd/
/^nsquabol
aoarz/
gpsrp/
outgoing(adj)/autgp-qrD/
landing{ ) fl@ndrD/
pantornifiT
up-ta-date(adj)/4pt dsv
L.remonlous
y (adv)
e (n)/p@ntamarm/
larder(n)/lsrder/
vacancy
(n)/pdtrsjpenls/
{n)ivcksnsi/
/sFnmoqniBsli/
Pafticipants
leafi/(adj)/ti.rri
vague(adj)/vers/
pafticipat
(n)/Ugnstg'z/
chainstores
on (n)/po,trsrpq[.n
(adv)/lgjerli/
leisurely
(n)ivennlqPn/ I ght Ittrngs(n)/l4t lrtrl]?/
ventitation
performance(n) /perfqjfirns/
(v)i fialrn@
challenge
wage{n)iwed5/
plastic
(n)ipleslrk
surgery
lghting effects(n),4fltrD
fckts/ f,nalsnow(n) AJ4l Iou/
waste(v)A,vqsl/
(n)/tit tum/
chat-toom
sg'dJefl/
locksol hair(phr)
(n),4(ant,qstenv potential
(adJ)
well-fou
nded(adj)/wel
contestanl
/paten["t/
loft (n)ilpru
faundld/
putdown(n)/pqtdaun/
tn)

262

UNIT4

.11 WordList
{t!_

(n)/tqqnzam leader(n)ilfda7
(n)Iksptre'/
tourismindustry
explorer
(adj)ileo0l/
(adj),'fternbqmU rndastri/
lengthy
flarnboyant
(n)
traveller's
cheques
reviva(ni,lflvAvai/
flaming(ad1)
,4lemrn/
military(adj)/mtlril
(v)/skr!
/tr4valerz{e.ks/
mission(niimfad
screen
flowing(adi)flourn/
trek(v)/kek/
rnyth(fi)/mro/
sef-rentred(ddj)/sqlfsqnts'd/ flyover{n) ,'ile!ouval
(adj)/niukliry
gay{ad1)rq@
tflm (v)/tr!m/
mall(n)4qpfil malr
nuclear
shopping
unloading(n)l4nlgudrq/
gaze(v)/99!z/
objectlve(adj)isb$ektrvi
sitcom(n)/stkDm/
(adj)iapma,kd
(v)/6enered/
generate
up-market
occur{v)/eksr/
hit (n)/smEJ
hft/
smash
(v)ivnrl/
(v)/sm4g"u
globetrotter(n)/glqqbtrDtar/ vanish
tsa dieozr
oddjobs(adj/n)
smuggle
(n)/ves6l/
(adv)
vessel
/atl"u
offcially
soap(n)isoup/
hazafd(n),hza'd/
(n)/pesfrst/
(n)
pacifist
inhabtant (n)./rnh@bltanv wander(v)A#qnder/
spokeswoman
proiect
(n)nvctteav president
(v)/prgzdanU
welfare
land(v)/laand/
/spqqkswums n/
(adv)
presumably
wi dlife(n)/waldlert/
il
iprrziumen
swooping(adj)tswspr4t
lane(n),4eJfl/
gu.V
(v)/s!mpaeau/
prornote(v)/prarn
launch(v)ilqnu/
5ympathise
loral authorities(n) gpku
rank(n)/rerjk/
ter|rper(n)itornpe'/
UNIT7
reign(v)/rE{rt
text messagig (nJAqkst
c glrihz/
(adi)/rrl4sb6l/
reliable
lofty (adj)/lqft/
mesrd5
l/
(n),4gqn
(v)/rtrlt/
(adj)/ta!mleps/
loneliness
lnas/
academcally(adv)/ekadgmrkldretreat
time-lapse
(adi)&ckioreu
trend(n),trqnd/
lowbudget(adl/n)/loo
b^dJrv accurate
nrle(v)i rul/
(adj)/sr0rufrkenti
(adl)I^gJuariss/
admiral(n)/@dmo16u
significarrt
trend-selter(n)itrqndsta'/
uxurious
airforce(n)/e'lc's,/
tune (v)/trEn/
marinelife (fli /maritnlqf/
spy(n)/sp4/
(n)/Ce'moJJ"U strtke(n)/strald
arrmarshal
murrnul(v)/mcrma'i
unique(adj)/iunlk/
(n)/neJan"tally(n)/ela/
(adj)
unpredictable
national
economy
struggle(v)/str^qsu
(vl/apruv/
applove
tRBnamr/
stuntin) /st^r't/
/4npndktab
/
(v)/?$es!lerl/
(adji/nqtLv/
natrve
a55a55inate
subjective
update(ni/4pdst/
[adji/sbdjekhv/
(adi)lbarast/
(v)/s6rqndari
(v)tatiopar/
brased
versatie (adl)/vgrsat4u
occr.rpy
surrender
(n)/vElant|3'/
brutal(adj)/brut"ll
surround(v)/sar41nd/
voiunteer
opponent(n)/spg-unant/
(adv)
package
holiday(n)tp4t+rg
caendar(n)/{@lndari
tradrtionalLy
Araddanali/
vote(v)/vqqv
(adj)
transatlantir
wave(n)/wqv/
hDlrdei/
carnpaign(v)/kECmpgni
pale(ad.i)
capture(v)/keptJe'/
/kenzatentrk/
weird(adj)/tva/d/
/peu
pilgrim
.laim(v)/klqm/
treaty(n)ftr!:iu
{n)rprtgrrmr
pristine(adj)tpnsti:n/
coastguard(n)ihqqstgo'ol
truce(n),trqs/
(n)/kpms's/
(adv)
quay(n),f'(!/
c0mmerce
understandably
UNIT5
(v)/ksmpQgu/
(ni/reemblo'/
rdmbler
c0mpose
/And?rst@ndsbli/
(n)/remn*nu
(adj)/s.rtrfoU
conflict(n)/1enflrkv
unreiia
b e (adj)/annlaebli
artificial
remnant
(onquer{viflerlka'/
(adj)/anset'ld/
remote(adj)/nrnoui/
unsettled
bench{n)nrgnq/
(n)/rqzrdentl
resrdent
coftt bution(n),ftqntnbjujan/ version(n)/vgrfan/
blaze(n)itDtqz/
(n)tvg4y
(adj),hre0te'trn/revive(v)/rNelvi
crash(ni/kr@l
voyage
breathtaking
(v)/Esmpeu
(adj)ids0
(v)/brod"n/
death-defyinq
broaden
sanrple
(ad,/$kq'lau
drt4q/
table car(n) /kelb'lka'/
scarlet
(ni/skinr/
defnd(v)/d!tend/
UNIT8
charter
flight(n){a,ra.flad/
scherne
(adiitsisarol
del berately(adv)/drlrbaratli/
seaside
chase(v)i ers/
(n)
(v)/@k$es/
(adj),4(rrs1l
resort(nI/sisard
kLE
/
seaside
rrzolrt/demonstratron
access
crystal-clear
(n)/qrtws'K/
/dgmenstr!d'n/
dazzle(v)/dezal/
shadowy(adi){pdour/
ar"twork
(n)dg'pnas/
(n)/d|sgrrnamant/
(v)/as4!n/
disarmament
sharpneSs
assign
declare(v)/drklqe./
draft(n)rdrq-rtl
badly-behaved
departurelounge{n)/drp(q,tl' shpwrpck(n)4rprek/
{ad;)lbedli
(adj)4ustrrnr
lagndY
5noe5rflng
engnefa lure(n)/en*rniella'i
brhervd/
(n)/satsla'/
(adj)/drpr4vd/
sightseer
era(n)/|ers.r
dprived
boarding/grammar/
sink(v)/s!0k/
fedt (n) firU
rij/
cornprehensive./state,/
divingreef(n)/daryrn
snub(v)/sntb/
fireworks(n) faBrwafts/
publicschool
dock(viidpki
{phr)
graduate(v)/greaBueM
splash(v)/splagl
boyish(adi)lbarJ/
downturn(ni/d?unts.'n/
(n)/splendr/
glant (v)/grgnt/
(n),/!kou
eco-tourism
tugfl
zem/ splendour
bully(v)rhqh/
(n)Imrgrsnv
immigrant
(n)/kend"lstft/
(vi/nkaunta'/
stir (v)/stqri
candlestick
encounter
(n)AndFqndans/
independence
stopover(n)/slqpou!sr/
engage
canteen
{n)/kentin/
iv)insqdS/
indigenous
(adi),tndtd5lnas/capture
(v)/kelctla'/
stormy(adi)/ste'mi/
engrneerng (n) /qndJnEflD/
(n)/strlm/
InstructOt
(n)/kerer
(n)/rnBiuziasti
stream
career
counsellng
enthusiast
{niInstr4kto,,/
rnvade(v)/!nvgd,i
(n)lrtrstg'J'nt
streamer
{n)/strima'/
k@nsel!D/
excursion
(adi)/tojd5,
arge-scale
(v)iksp@nd/
skgt/
tefiace(ni /tqrls/
coach(niikqsu/
expand
reartyshow(n)/r @lrtiloq/
(adj)/nbcljes/
rebellious

263

WordList
compuretab (n)/kamplqte'
lEt)/

screen
computer
{nJ
/t?mpiqio'skrinl

(n)
concentration
ikqns'ntrql"n/
conf dence(n)ltqnfrdsns/
(adv)
consequently
t/
./kDnsrkwef
(il)/kerlkiulm/
,:urriculurn
cyber(adj)/s4ba'/
delght(n)/drlarU
(n) /d'lsnlh/
detention
drgitalcamera(n)/dtdirtl

system(nJ/sku stStm/
School
lab(n)/sganslefri
science
shortaqe(n)/iIrtrdJ/
softwarein) /sQftwea'/
(adl)/$tqi av
state-of-the-aft

d s.'u
stimul;te(v)/strmjuleiti
(n)/strftt 3$/
strictness
(n)/s^bstrliul/
substitute
supervse(v)/sqparvarz/
temptation
in)/temptEI'n/
(n)/Slsrsi
thesis
ona (adj)/ri
three-dimens

extinct(adi)nkstDkt/
extract(v)4kstr@kt/
famine
{n)/temrni
(n)ittAdr0/
flooding
fossifuels(n)/rqsallju.elzl
(adv)/dlrnchkl
genetically
/
global(adl)/sloqb'li
(n)/h qbrtat/
habitat
hook(n)inuw
house(v)/hau/
impact(n)/lmpekt/
krrl (n)itrrtl

dellghtfu(adi)/d attr)l/

dury(n)/diuti/
exaggerare
{v)/rgzdjaraU
I zzyladJltttzI
fcol (v)llul/
fuss(v)/lAs/
(n)/dienerajoni
generatron
(adi)/4qrietrrk/
geriatric
(adi)rq(io
goodnatured
ngtla'd/

qraduation(n)/gredJusjan/
(adl)/grqrD/
greying
ioLs{adl)/hel0
healthconsc
kDnJes/
heroi(aly (adv)/hrranLkl
(adv)/rnqdrbli/
naLrdlbty
nfant(n)Iftenv
Intellect
{n)4nteku
(n)id3uv*ia
juvenile
(n)/krn&'gq;'t*ni
kindergarten
(fl),4flf
rfeexpectancy

(n)/mg5arzi
measures
(v),/mLnrmart
mlnimrze
dalrfgnjano/
(adj)tmpdrtard/
modif!ed
ttainer(n)/trelnDr/
Keernra?
(n),trqnrn negoliate(v)/nrgqdiert/
materials
(adj)/drsrp
training
Ind/
d sciplined
matlarra
z/
organic(adj)ir:ro@nrk/
drslract(v)/drslrgqki/
(n)/pcstlsad/
pesticide
tutor {n)/ljqter/
duly(adji/di[!,/
(adj)
preserve
(v)/pfiZ3'v/
undergraduate
educate(v)/e6ukert/
(n)/rqifDflsU
rainforest
(v)Iks{stnqY
/4nda'gr@dJut/
exchange
(adj)
(n)/rekrielFn/
recreation
(n)IkspqnnrnU unmanageable
experiment
rkspqktansi/
(n)irr:sarkho/
recyclinq
/Anm
fador (n)/iekte'/
ienrt ab"U
(n)/londJevrt/
(adj)/wel
longevrty
regenerate
we I grounded
{v)/r!dlOnare'lJ
fag (vi,,fes/
rnaintain(vi/rngntenr
grqundrd/
region(n)/rtdjen/
(n)ffee'nes/
fairness
(n)/regiulqJ"i/
mature(adj)/mstj-oe'/
regLlation
fe!lowpupils(n)ttelouplsJrlz/ wi ling(adi)/wrlrrl/
(n)/m$t!fl
mischief
Ie ease(v)/fr!.s/
worldwlde (adJ)/wqfldwad/
goldenoplnions(phr)
rnortqaqe(n)/mq'grdji
(n)/ruz-cj'srz/
resources
(adj)/gud
good-natured
nestle(v)/nqs6l/
restore(v)/flst9.'/
nqla'
nutritionin)/niu:trEn/
schPm
gymnas
in) /skim/
um (n)i{5rmr91ziam/UNIT9
(adj)/pelaneV
passionate
(n)/sedment/
sediment
(phr)
highspLrlts
portron(n)/pq,fn/
rqn/
seed(ni/sid/
acrdrain(n)/Eesrd
nfant(n)4nfont/
postlrre(n)/pgstls'/
(v)/ascs/
sewage(n)lsu-rg/
assess
instructor(n)/rnstr4klo?
(nitprggnensr/
pregnancy
(n)/spdiz/
(n)/awea'nes/
specles
(adi)/rntrEekhv/ awarenpss
interactiv
prolifi
c (adj)/pralLfrk/
(adj)
(n!/sto'veiPn/
starvation
biodegradable
lecture(n)/gktla'i
pubefty(n)/pjuba'ti/
/
(v)/mcf,'i
toxic(adj)flqksrk/
/ba!oudqrqdtsb"
measure
ity {n)rsoulabrliii
sociabi
ult mate(adj)i^ltLmat/
(adj)imrs[:ves/ breed(v) ibrqd/
mischievous
(adj)ispdlkhDi
sparkling
(v)iUeltnd:/
undertake(v)/^ndartqft/
clay(n)/madal
model[rng
: k e{i challenge
tantrum(n),t@ntrn/
{adl)ikamqrj+u vault(n)/vc:lv
motivation(n)lmoatrvtl'ni commercial
(nIikonstkwens/vo unter(n)/vp_
toddler(n)/iqdla'i
snllg'l
(n)
progranrs
consequence
multimedia
(adi)/houlseffi/
En/ wrappng(ni/reprn/
viholesome
(onservation
(n)/kBns've
/ur4limldiapfzugremz/
wrinkle(n)/rlnkl/
(v),4(6nsgf
v/
(n)tonlan
conserve
onlinemarerial
(n).itrans4mpJ"n/
ronsurnptian
metlgrtal/
(v)/kantemrned/UNIT1O
(adj)/ppJon
contaminate
/
optronal
contribute(v)ftentrroiuV
peep(v)lpip/
adolEs'
ent(n)/+'.daies"ns/
(n)iplqgraund/ crucial
{adj)/krulnu
playground
amiable(adj)/ermieb'U
dechn(v)/drkl4!n/
playng freld(n)/perDfild/
(adj)ibarriq6rk"li
on (n)/drfonsterl"rt brological
(n)/paz{anrJi
deforestat
positioning
on (n)idevosteen/
burden(n)tu3-'d'n/
(adj)
devastat
postgraduate
(alorie{n)/k@lani
world(n)/drvelaplri
devEloprng
/pauslgr@dJUav
enr
rentenaran (n)/senltnggr
wsrld/
pnvrege(n)/prrvrlr*/
chalengein) ,{@lrnd3/
dloxin(n'i/daEksrn/
praject(n)/prod5ekt/
(v)/drsks'd/
(adl)kqkes/
discard
reckless
(n)irjarvs'srt/
cnrono
ogca (ad1)
diversity
e (adj)trqksgnalzab'l/
recognizab
ikrDnalDdJlk'rl/
dump(v)/d4nrp/
i
remoteiy(adv)/rrrnqltll
(rll[koosrstem/ confident
y (adv)/kqntrdentli/
ecosystem
resit(v)irisrt/
(adi)/rndqtndse'di
sium/
tonSume
endangered
lv)/kan
revise(v)/nv4z/
(n)/kri.lttl
crawlrng
evove (v)/ vplv/
sandpit (n)/s@ndp#
schoolreport(ni/skulnp?'l/ expedtion (n)/eksprdrJen/ de irat [adr)/delrket/

264

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