MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING OF A PV ARRAY

USING EVOLUTIONARY PROGRAMMING

Project Progress
Report-I
By
G.S.S. CHAITANYA
M.Tech (APS) , 13021D3421

Under the esteemed Guidance of

K. Sri Kumar

M.Tech,

Assistant Profess0r
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,(AUTONOMOUS),

JNTUK, KAKINADA

Module No

Module Name

Module I

Literature Survey

PROGRESS REPORT:

Module-II

Objectives
oSolar energy, photovoltaic cell and its
modeling.
oDesign of boost converter and its
analysis.
oVarious maximum power point
tracking techniques.
oImplementation of maximum power
point tracking using evolutionary
programming techniques.
oComparison of evolutionary
techniques with conventional methods.

Analysis & modelling o Analysis of mathematical

of pv module.
equations of pv module.
oMathematical modeling and
simulation of pv module using
single diode model.
o I-V,P-V characteristics of a pv Module under different
irradiation and temperature
conditions.

Work Status

In progress

Completed.

Boost converter analysis and

Design of boost
mathematical modelling.
o Interfacing of boost converter
converter and
Module III interfacing with p-v
with p-v module.
o I-V, P-V characteristics of a
panel.
PVmodule under partially shaded
and varying temperature and
irradiation conditions.

MPPT using
Module -IV proposed
evolutionary
programming
techniques.

Module V

Results and
discussions

o Review of existing algorithms for

MPPT.
o Methodology for proposed
technique.
o Coding of proposed technique in
matlab.
o Comparison of proposed and
conventional MPPT techniques
using statistical analysis.

Completed

-----------

----------------

CONTENTS:
Abstract
Introduction
Objective
PV Panel modelling
Boost converter
Conventional methods for MPPT.
Proposed Genetic algorithm
based method .

ABSTRACT:

Now a days , demand for renewable energy sources is rapidly growing due to
continuous increase in global fuel prices and the concern over the level of green house
emissions.

Among the sources available for renewable energy , solar photovoltaic is one of the most
promising source.

Operation of a PV cell
A p-v system is an arrangement of components designed to convert the solar irradiance
into usable electric power for variety of purposes.
One critical issue of any p-v system is the effectiveness of its Maximum Power Point
Tracking since it is the most economical way to improve the overall efficiency of the pv
system.

MPP varies with solar irradiance levels, ambient temperature and solar cell temperature.
MPPT track and maintains the p-v arrays operating voltage at MPP to extract maximum
power from the p-v array.
To achieve this , various conventional MPPT techniques have been proposed and used .
Several methods are being implemented widely, among them the most popular algorithms
are petrub and observe , incremental conductance and hill climbing.
Despite their effectiveness, most of these algorithms are operating very satisfactorily
under uniform irradiance conditions in which only single peak power is detected. If
multiple peaks exists as in partial shading conditions, conventional algorithms become
impractical and cannot distinguish between global and local MPP.
To address this problem soft computing based genetic algorithm have been proposed for
MPPT.

INTRODUCTION:
A major test in using a PV source is to undertake its nonlinear output characteristics,
which vary with solar irradiation and atmospheric temperature. The characteristics get
more complex if the whole array does not receive uniform insolation, as in partially
shaded (cloudy) conditions, resulting in many peaks.
The presence of many peaks reduces the efficiency. Therefore the maximum power
point tracking (MPPT) was invented to extract the maximum power from each PV system.
A dc/dc converter (step up/ step down) serves the purpose of transferring maximum
power from the solar PV module to the load. It acts as an interface between the load and
the module.
.

Block diagram of the proposed model

OBJECTIVE:
To overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods like Perturb & Observe method,
soft computing technique based on Genetic algorithm is developed.
The proposed Genetic algorithm based approach eliminates this problem of partial shading
and the performance of the Genetic algorithm method is evaluated and compared with the
conventional P&O method.

MODELLING OF PV SYSTEM:
A solar cell is the building block of a solar panel. A photovoltaic module is formed
by connecting many solar cells in series and parallel. Considering only a single solar
cell, it can be modeled by utilizing a current source, a diode and two resistors. This
model is known as a single diode model of solar cell as shown in figure.

Single diode model of a

solar cell
The output current from the PV cell can be found using the equation:

Where
Iph: Light-generated current or photocurrent (A);
Id: Diode current (A);
Io: saturation current (A);
Rsh : is the shunt resistance. ()
k: is Boltzman constant = 1.3805 10-23 J/K
q: is Electron charge = 1.6 10-19 C

SOLAR PANEL CHARACTERSTICS:

P-V&I-V Characteristics of
solar panel under constant
irradiation and temperature
for 5 panels connected in
series.

Matlab model for 5 pv panels connected in series

Higher is the solar irradiation, higher would be the solar input to the solar cell and
hence power magnitude would increase for the same voltage value. With increase in the
solar irradiation the open circuit voltage increases. This is due to the fact that, when more
sunlight incidents on to the solar cell, the electrons are supplied with higher excitation
energy, thereby increasing the electron mobility and thus more power is generated.
On the contrary the temperature increase around the solar cell has a negative
impact on the power generation capability. Increase in temperature is accompanied by a
decrease in the open circuit voltage value. Increase in temperature causes increase in the
band gap of the material and thus more energy is required to cross this barrier. Thus the
efficiency of the solar cell is reduced.

BOOST CONVERTER DESIGN:

Boost converter

PERTURB & OBSERVE METHOD:

PV Characteristics

Flow chart of P&O

RESULTS & ANALYSIS:

PV Module modeling
results

I-V and P-V characteristics for different temperature levels at constant irradiation.

REFERENCE
S
[1 T. Esram and P. L. Chapman, "Comparison of Photovoltaic Array
]
Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques," Energy Conversion,
IEEE Transactions on, vol. 22, pp. 439-449, 2007.
[2
]

D. Hohm and M. E. Ropp, "Comparative study of maximum power

point tracking algorithms," Progress in photovoltaics: Research and
Applications, vol. 11, pp. 47-62, 2007.

[3]

Z. Salam, J. Ahmed, and B. S. Merugu, "The application of soft

computing methods for MPPT of PV system: A technological and
status review," Applied Energy, vol. 107, pp. 135-148, 7// 2013.

[4]

[5]

M. Azab, "Optimal power point tracking for stand-alone PV system

using particle swarm optimization," in Industrial Electronics (ISIE),
2010 IEEE International Symposium on, 2010, pp. 969-973.
D. B. Fogel, "Applying evolutionary programming to selected traveling
salesman problems," Cybernetics and systems, vol. 24, pp. 27-36,
1993

THANK YOU