Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Index
Various signs
Independent vowels
Consonants
Additional consonants
Dependent vowel signs
Digits
Punctuation
Musical symbols for
notes
Diacritical marks for
musical symbols
Musical symbols
Various signs
siddham.
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
When combined with certain syllables this sign becomes part of the Aksara Modre, or holy
letters, which are used to write words in Sanskrit, usually part of prayers, eg.
letter).
-m Over ulu candra this creates the letter ongkara, which is the symbol of God,
transcribed om, eg.
mang (holy
and is
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
character repertoire for foreign sounds. Attested in Library of Congress transliterations and in
earlier Sasak orthography are:
x,
,
,
for one-to-one transliteration for Javanese d.
z,
f,
v, and
Refs: [1] Proposal for encoding the Balinese script in the UCS [Everson et al.]
could be used
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Independent vowels
=a
Balinese independent vowel, a kara
a
This represents the same sound that is the inherent vowel.
Sometimes this vowel can be found as a support for vowel signs, but this is incorrect usage
according to Sudewa, and should be avoided.
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Balinese does not use ra + pepet to represent the sound r. Instead it uses ra repa
Ra repa has a postfixed form and a subjoined form. The postfixed form
is seen where
the consonant form of ra repa follows a word which ends in a consonant, such as
Pak Rrh (Mr Rereh). The sequence of characters to be used for this is
<consonant, adeg-adeg, ra repa> (ie. not using U+1B3A BALINESE VOWEL SIGN RA
REPA).
syllable-initial consonant, as in
Krsna (Krishna). This is where U+1B3A BALINESE
VOWEL SIGN RA REPA is used. The sequence of characters to be used here is <consonant,
vowel sign ra repa>.
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia] [3] Southeast
Asian Scripts [Unicode]
and jha
is slightly different.
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Consonants
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Balinese consonant
ca
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Sudewa says that this is identical to the independent vowel airsania, but in the Unicode charts
and elsewhere the top right of airsania
and jha
is slightly different.
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
?
Used for writing Kawi, rather than ordinary Balinese words.
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
This character is also used for the semi-vowel / medial consonant nania.
When used medially, it can also follow another medial ra or la, eg.
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
briag (laughter).
Conjunct form:
This character is also used for the semi-vowel / medial consonant guwung, eg.
(disk).
cakra
When used medially, it can also be followed by another medial ya or wa, eg.
(laughter).
briag
Ra is not used with U+1B42 BALINESE VOWEL SIGN PEPET or U+1B43 BALINESE
VOWEL SIGN PEPET TEDUNG. Instead use U+1B0B BALINESE LETTER RA REPA
eg.
, kereng (eat a lot), or U+1B0C BALINESE LETTER RA REPA TEDUNG
respectively.
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
This character is also used for the semi-vowel / medial consonant gantungan la.
, respectively.
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
This character is also used for the semi-vowel / medial consonant suku kembung.
When used medially, it can follow another medial ra or la.
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Conjunct form:
, eg.
paksa (force).
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
- when used as a support for a vowel. It is used as a support for a vowel sign when an
independent vowel is used within a word, eg.
daerah (development). The vowels
pepet and pepet tedong have no independent form, so they are represented with ha plus vowel
sign at the start of a word, too.
Conjunct form:
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Additional consonants
Pronounced longer than the inherent vowel. It is often used with prefixes, eg. ma + adep
becoming mdep. If it appears in the holy texts, that are meant to be recited, this vowel can
be pronounced even longer than the normal reading.
This vowel sign typically ligates with the preceding consonant, eg. ha, tedong is
consonant, adeg-adeg, ya, tedong is
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
and
The glyph changes when this appears after conjoined consonants, eg. kyu looks like
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
The glyph changes when this appears after conjoined consonants, eg. ky looks like
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
is
Krsna
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
is used.
is used.
This vowel sign is not used with U+1B2D BALINESE LETTER RA or U+1B2D BALINESE
LETTER LA. Instead use U+1B0B BALINESE LETTER RA REPA
(eat a lot), or U+1B0B BALINESE LETTER LA LENGA
, eg.
, eg.
, kereng
, taler (therefore).
There is no independent vowel corresponding to this. Instead use pepet with U+1B33
BALINESE LETTER HA
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
This vowel sign is not used with U+1B2D BALINESE LETTER RA or U+1B42 BALINESE
VOWEL SIGN PEPET TEDUNG. Instead use U+1B0B BALINESE LETTER RA REPA
TEDUNG
, respectively.
There is no independent vowel corresponding to this. Instead use pepet tedong with U+1B33
BALINESE LETTER HA
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
= virama
Balinese virama, adegadeg
This is the Balinese virama. It is usually invisible when used between two characters to
indicate an absence of intervening vowels. It is visible, however, at the end of a word that
does not finish with a vowel and is not followed by anything else, eg.
kapal
(ship), or sometimes to clarify the distinction between a word-final consonant and a medial
consonant, eg.
Raman).
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Digits
Punctuation
.)
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Also used at the end of the same text as part of carik agung
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
= danda
(devanagari danda - 0964)
Balinese punctuation, carik
Equivalent to a comma.
This is also used for acronyms, eg. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Bali (Development Bank of
Bali Province) can be abbreviated to
ba pe da bali.
It is also used to surround numbers, since many digits cannot be distinguished from letters,
eg.
Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]
Musical symbols
Further reading
1. [Sudewa] The Balinese Alphabet
2. [Everson et al.] Proposal for encoding the Balinese script in the UCS
3. [Wikipedia] Balinese script