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Ecostructure, self-purification

capacities and productivity of


plankton systems in
Patagonian rivers and lakes
Bernhard Karrasch, Maren Mehrens, Hernn Cid &
Oscar Parra
Helmholtz

Centre for Environmental Research


UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Magdeburg,
Germany bernhard.karrasch@ufz.de

Centro

de Ciencias Ambientales, EULA-CHILE,


Universidad de Concepcin, Chile oparra@udec.cl

Introduction (modus operandi)

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Introduction (main focus)

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

2007

2006

2005

Investigated Lakes

Lakes:
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago

Atravesado (0, 15, 30m)


Cea
Caro (0, 20, 50m)
Elizalde I (0, 20, 50m)
Elizalde II (0, 20, 50m)
Riesco I (close to aquaculture, 0, 20, 50m)
Riesco (aquaculture)
Riesco II (0, 20, 50m)
de los Palos
General Carrera (Chile Chico)
General Carrera (Costanarea Chile Chico)
General Carrera (Baha Jara)
General Carrera (Puerto Guadal)
Bertrand (5, 25, 50m)

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

2007

2006

2005

Investigated Rivers

Rivers:
Inflow Lago Atravesado
Ro Negro
Ro Simpson (Pte Mundaca)
Ro Simpson (inflow sewage treatment plant (STP))
Ro Simpson (after mixing with effluents of the STP)
Ro Simpson (abajo R. Coyhaique)
Ro Coyhaique (Pte. tejas verdes)
Inflow Lago Elizalde
Inflow Lago Caro
Outflow Lago Caro
Lago Caro Cascada
Ro Claro (Aquaculture)
Ro Condor
Outflow Lago Riesco
Ro Blanco Oeste (R. Blanco)
Ro Aysen
Ro Aysn (antes influencia marea)
Ro Maihuales
Ro Emperador Guillermo
Ro irihuao
Ro Blanco Este
Ro Oscuro
Ro Polux
Ro de Lago de los Palos
Los Palos I (Tabo)
Los Palos II (without anthropogenic & tide influences)
Los Palos III (with anthropogenic & tide influences)
Ro Boca de Lon
Ro Murta
Ro Tranquilo
Ro Jeinimeni
Ro El Bao
Outflow Lago General Carrera
Ro Baker location 8
Ro Baker location 9
Ro Chacabuco
Ro Baker 18 inflow Ro Cochrane
Ro Baker 19 Ro Cochrane
Ro Baker location 20 (Balsa)
Ro Baker 21 Ro El Salto
Baker 23 Ro adis
Baker bajo adis
Ro Baker location 24

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

2007

2006

2005

Investigated Fjord / Canal Baker


Fjord / Canal Baker
Puerto Yungay
Caleta Tortel

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

x
x

Methods
Physical & chemical measurements:
Multi probe (O2, T, conductivity, pH)
Inorganic nutrients (NO3, NO2, NH4,
SiO4, PO4)
Alkalinity
Suspended solids (total & organic)
Chlorophyll a
Particulate organic carbon & nitrogen
(POC, PON)

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Methods
Ecostructure:
Phytoplankton pigment composition
Abundance:
Viruses
Abundance & biomass:
Bacterioplankton
Heterotrophic flagellates
Microzooplankton

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Methods
Quantification of ecosystem services:
Microbiological self-purification capabilities
& capacities (EEA)
Bacterial biomass production (BBP)
Bacterial cell production (BCP)
Phytoplankton production (PP)
Metabolic activity of bacteria (MAR)

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Microbial self-purification processes

Extracellular enzyme activities (EEA)

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Microbial self-purification processes

Extracellular enzyme

Model Substrate

N-acetyl glucosaminidase (chitinase)

MUF-N-acetyl-glucosaminide

Phosphatase (acid, alcaline)

MUF-phosphate

- or -D-glucosidase

MUF-- or -D-glucopyranoside

- or -D-galactosidase

MUF-- or -D-galactopyranoside

-D-xylosidase

MUF--Dxylopyranoside

Sulfatase

MUF-sulfate

Lipase

MUF-butyrate-heptanoate-palmitate

Aminopeptidase

l-leucine-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC)

Aminopeptidase

Gylcine-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC)

Phosphatase

Methylfluorescein-phosphate

Aminopeptidase

L-leucyl--naphtylamide

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Microbial self-purification processes


final step of the selfpurification process

O2

CO2

energy production

EEA

C,CN
CP,CS..
Oligomeric OM

Bacterioplankton
biomass production

transfer
to food
web

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results and Discussion


Inorganic nutrients: Patagonian waters, 2007
N ORDEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

ID. MUESTRA
Rio Murta
Rio Tranquilo
Rio Jeinimeni
Costanera Chile Chico Limpio
Costanera Chile Chico Sucio
Bahia Jara
El Bao
Puerto Guadal
Desague Lago Carrera
Lago Bertran 5 m (superficie)
Lago Bertran 25 m (medio)
Lago Bertran 50 m (fondo)
Baker 8 (Green Baker)
Baker 9 (Pasarela)
Rio Chacabuco
Rio Cochrane, Desague Lago Cochrane (Reserva Tamango)
Rio Chochrane, Salida Pueblo Cochrane
Baker 20 (Baker sector La Balsa)
Rio El Salto
Costa Fiordo Michell (Fiordo Superficie)
Costanera Tortel
Rio Baker 24 (36)
Baker Bajo adis
Rio adis

AMONIO
+
mg NH4 /L
0.030
0.046
0.037
0.020
0.190
0.025
0.056
0.030
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
0.025
0.046
0.044
0.056
0.068
0.042
0.073
0.022
0.020
0.010
0.013
0.039

NITRITO
mg NO2 /L
0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
0.010
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005

NITRATO
mg NO3 /L

ORTO FOSFATO

mg PO4 /L

0.034
0.023
<0.010
0.066
0.151
<0.010
<0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.018
0.026
0.017
0.018
0.016
0.010
0.034
0.015
0.012
0.021
0.021
0.017
0.030
0.050

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
0.037
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025

Results and Discussion


Inorganic nutrients: Patagonian waters, 2007
N ORDEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

ID. MUESTRA
Rio Murta
Rio Tranquilo
Rio Jeinimeni
Costanera Chile Chico Limpio
Costanera Chile Chico Sucio
Bahia Jara
El Bao
Puerto Guadal
Desague Lago Carrera
Lago Bertran 5 m (superficie)
Lago Bertran 25 m (medio)
Lago Bertran 50 m (fondo)
Baker 8 (Green Baker)
Baker 9 (Pasarela)
Rio Chacabuco
Rio Cochrane, Desague Lago Cochrane (Reserva Tamango)
Rio Chochrane, Salida Pueblo Cochrane
Baker 20 (Baker sector La Balsa)
Rio El Salto
Costa Fiordo Michell (Fiordo Superficie)
Costanera Tortel
Rio Baker 24 (36)
Baker Bajo adis
Rio adis

AMONIO
+
mg NH4 /L
0.030
0.046
0.037
0.020
0.190
0.025
0.056
0.030
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
0.025
0.046
0.044
0.056
0.068
0.042
0.073
0.022
0.020
0.010
0.013
0.039

NITRITO
mg NO2 /L
0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
0.010
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005

NITRATO
mg NO3 /L

ORTO FOSFATO

mg PO4 /L

0.034
0.023
<0.010
0.066
0.151
<0.010
<0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.018
0.026
0.017
0.018
0.016
0.010
0.034
0.015
0.012
0.021
0.021
0.017
0.030
0.050

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
0.037
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025

Results and Discussion


Inorganic nutrients: Patagonian waters, 2007
N ORDEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

ID. MUESTRA
Rio Murta
Rio Tranquilo
Rio Jeinimeni
Costanera Chile Chico Limpio
Costanera Chile Chico Sucio
Bahia Jara
El Bao
Puerto Guadal
Desague Lago Carrera
Lago Bertran 5 m (superficie)
Lago Bertran 25 m (medio)
Lago Bertran 50 m (fondo)
Baker 8 (Green Baker)
Baker 9 (Pasarela)
Rio Chacabuco
Rio Cochrane, Desague Lago Cochrane (Reserva Tamango)
Rio Chochrane, Salida Pueblo Cochrane
Baker 20 (Baker sector La Balsa)
Rio El Salto
Costa Fiordo Michell (Fiordo Superficie)
Costanera Tortel
Rio Baker 24 (36)
Baker Bajo adis
Rio adis

AMONIO
+
mg NH4 /L
0.030
0.046
0.037
0.020
0.190
0.025
0.056
0.030
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
0.025
0.046
0.044
0.056
0.068
0.042
0.073
0.022
0.020
0.010
0.013
0.039

NITRITO
mg NO2 /L
0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
0.010
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005

NITRATO
mg NO3 /L

ORTO FOSFATO

mg PO4 /L

0.034
0.023
<0.010
0.066
0.151
<0.010
<0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.018
0.026
0.017
0.018
0.016
0.010
0.034
0.015
0.012
0.021
0.021
0.017
0.030
0.050

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
0.037
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025

Results and Discussion


Inorganic nutrients: Patagonian waters, 2007
N ORDEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

ID. MUESTRA

AMONIO
+
mg NH4 /L

Rio Murta
Rio Tranquilo
Rio Jeinimeni
Costanera Chile Chico Limpio
Costanera Chile Chico Sucio
Bahia Jara
El Bao
Puerto Guadal
Desague Lago Carrera
Lago Bertran 5 m (superficie)
Lago Bertran 25 m (medio)
Lago Bertran 50 m (fondo)
Baker 8 (Green Baker)
Baker 9 (Pasarela)
Rio Chacabuco
Rio Cochrane, Desague Lago Cochrane (Reserva Tamango)
Rio Chochrane, Salida Pueblo Cochrane
Baker 20 (Baker sector La Balsa)
Rio El Salto
Costa Fiordo Michell (Fiordo Superficie)
Costanera Tortel
Rio Baker 24 (36)
Baker Bajo adis
Rio adis

0.030
0.046
0.037
0.020
0.190
0.025
0.056
0.030
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
0.025
0.046
0.044
0.056
0.068
0.042
0.073
0.022
0.020
0.010
0.013
0.039

NITRITO
mg NO2 /L
0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
0.010
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005

Danger of
Eutrophication !

NITRATO
mg NO3 /L

ORTO FOSFATO

mg PO4 /L

0.034
0.023
<0.010
0.066
0.151
<0.010
<0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.018
0.026
0.017
0.018
0.016
0.010
0.034
0.015
0.012
0.021
0.021
0.017
0.030
0.050

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
0.037
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025

Results & Discussion


NONPOINT
SOURCES

Rural homes

Cropland

Urban streets

Animal feedlot
Suburban
development

POINT
SOURCES

Factory

Wastewater
treatment
plant

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results & Discussion


Eutrophication effects:
Water quality
Reduction of biodiversity
Oxygen consumption
Plankton blooms
Red Tides

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results & Discussion


Eutrophication effects:
Water quality
Reduction of biodiversity
Oxygen consumption
Plankton blooms
Red Tides

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results & Discussion


Average Plankton Ecostructure (g C L-1)
Phytoplankton
Biomass 35.1 (10.4%)
Zooplankton Biomass 0.16 (0.047%)

Nanozoopl. 0.15
(0.044%)

Detritus
284.6 (84.7%)
Bacterial
Biomass
16.1 (4.8%)

Microzoopl. 0.001
(0.003%)

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results & Discussion (EEA)

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results & Discussion (EEA)


low self-purification potentials
a small increase of organic matter flux to the waters (> 3 g C L-1 h-1 of each
investigated compound group; > 12 g C L-1 h-1 for leucine containing proteins)
would lead to an overload of the abundant self-cleaning capacities

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results & Discussion (BP)


Results for production quantifications (BBP, BCP, PP) are only
available for 2005 & 2006

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

La
La go
go Atr
At ave
ra s
Ar
ve ad
ro
sa o
l
l
o
Ri
do 0m
(
o
La
Si
Ri 30
g
m
o
ps R R
At o N m
on i o i o
La rave egro
C
S
Ri ((A im la go sa
o gu ps ro
Ce do
Co a
o
(
)
yh s a n (P Pis a 0
ai ba te icu m
qu jo
M l tu
e
(P R. C ond ra)
te o a
La . te yh ch)
a
g
La o E jas iqu
go liz ver e)
La El ald de
go iza e s)
I
La Eli lde 0 m
I
g z
La o E al d 20
go l i e I m
La El zald 50
i
Af go E zald e II m
0
lu
en liza e II m
te l d e 2 0
El
i II m
La zald 50
g e m
La o C ( R
go ar i o
La
o )
g
La Lag Car 0 m
La o R
go o C o 2
go i e
La Ca ar 0 m
La R sco
go ro o 5
go ies I
(
c
Ca De 0 m
Ri o ce
es I ( r c
ro sa
co ce a d
C g
r
I ( ca e a Rio asc e
ce d
a
rc e a cuic Des da
a
de cui ultu ag
ac cult ra) e
u u
La icu ra) 0 m
g o l tu 2 0
La
r
go Rie a) m
La Ri sco 50 m
g o e s II
L
Ri co 0 m
R ago
e s II 2
o
R
co 0
D
m
R es ies
I
o ag co Ro I 50
Bl
an e R Fish Co m
co e
f nd
O isc arm or
es o
te (P 0 m
( R ue
. B n te
R
o
Em Ro R lanc )
pe M o A o)
ra a ys
do i h en
r G ua
R u le
R o iller s
o i mo
Bl rih
an u
a
R co E o
o
s
O te
R scu
o ro
Po
lu
x

-1

g C L h

-1

Results & Discussion (BP)


Bacterial production rates Region Aysen 2005

1.8
BCP
BBP

1.2

0.6

0.0

sample location

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia

Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

-1

g C L h

-1

1.8
BCP
BBP
BBP vs. BCP

1.2
12

0.6
6

0.0
0

sample location

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia

Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

size increase

growth balance (BBP vs. BCP)

18

cell
increase

La
La go
go Atr
At ave
ra s
Ar
v e ad
ro
sa o
l
l
o
Ri
do 0m
(
o
La
3
Si
g
o Rio 0 m
m
At N
ps R R
e
r
on io io
a
L
v gr
Ri ((A Sim Clar ago esa o
o gu ps o
C d
Co a o
( e o)
yh s a n (P Pis a 0
ai ba te icu m
qu jo
M ltu
e
(P R. C ond ra)
te o a
La . te yha ch)
g j
La o E as v ique
go liz e )
La El ald rde
go iza e I s)
La Eli lde 0 m
I
g z
La o E alde 20
go liz I m
La El ald 50
m
g iz e
Af o E ald II 0
lu
e
l
i
m
en za II
te lde 20
El
i II m
La zald 50
g e m
La o C (R
g
La
o aro io)
g
La Lag Car 0 m
La o R
go o o 2
go ie
La Ca Car 0 m
La Ri sco
go ro o 5
go es I
Ca De 0 m
Ri co (ce
es I ( rc
ro sa
a
c
co e
C g
d
I ( rca e a Rio asc e
ce d c
a
rc e a uic Des da
a
u
a
c
l
g
de uic tu

ac ult ra) e
u
La uicu ra) 0 m
g l
La o R tura 20 m
go ie ) 5
La Ri sco 0 m
go es II
La
Ri co 0 m
R go
e s II 2
o
R
c
0
D
R es iesc R o II m
5
o ag o
B l F o C 0 m
an e R ish o
co e fa nd
O isc rm or
es o
te (P 0 m
(R ue
. B nte
R
o
Em R R lanc )
pe o M o A o)
ra a ys
do ih en
r G ua
R u le
R o iller s
o i mo
Bl rih
an u
a
R co E o
o
s
O te
R scu
o ro
Po
lu
x

Results & Discussion (BP)


Bacterial production rates Region Aysen 2005

Results & Discussion (BP)


BBP 0.002 1.491 g C L-1 h-1 (mean: 0.226 0.261)
BCP 0.008 0.463 g C L-1 h-1 (mean: 0.123 0.111)
direct respiration

very low BP rates were encountered

0.639
Assuming an ecological efficiency of 70%:
maximum microbial self-purification amount
to 2.13 g C L-1 h-1 (1.491 + 0.639)

1.491

Respiration within
the food web

- verification of ecological efficiency of Patagonian bacterioplankton


Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia
Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

La
La go
g o At r
At ave
ra s
Ar
ve ad
ro
sa o
llo
Ri
d 0m
(L
o
ag R o 30
Si
io
m
o
ps R R
At N m
on io io
L ra v e g
Ri ((A Sim Cla ago esa ro
o gu ps ro
Ce do
Co a
o
(
)
yh s a n (P Pis a 0
ai ba te icu m
qu jo
M l tu
e
(P R. C ond ra)
te o a c
La . te yh h)
a
g
La o E jas iqu
go liz ver e)
La El ald de
go iza e s)
I
La Eli lde 0 m
I
g z
La o E al d 20
go li e I m
La El zald 50
i
Af go E zald e II m
0
lu
en liza e II m
te l d e 2 0
El
i II m
L a za l d 5 0
g e m
L a o C (R
g
La
o aro io)
g
La Lag Car 0 m
La o R
go o o
go ie
La Ca Car 20 m
La Ri sco
go ro o 5
go es I
Ca De 0 m
Ri co (ce
es I ( r c
ro sa
co ce a d
C g
I ( rca e a Rio asc e
ce d
a
c
rc e a uic Des da
a
de cui ultu ag
ac cult ra) e
u u
La icu ra) 0 m
go ltu 20
La
r
go Rie a) m
La Ri sco 50 m
g o e s II
L
Ri co 0 m
R ago
e s II 2
o
co 0
De Rie
m
R s s
I
c
o ag o Ro I 50
Bl
F
C
an e R ish o m
co e
f nd
O isc arm or
es o
te (P 0 m
(R ue
. B n te
R
o
R
Em o R lanc )
pe M o A o)
ra a ys
do ih en
r G ua
R uill les
R o er
o i mo
Bl rih
an u
a
R co E o
o
O st e
R scu
o ro
Po
lu
x

-1

-1

g C L h

Results & Discussion (PP)


Phytoplankton production rates Region Aysen 2005

4
PP

sample location

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia

Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

-1

-1

g C L h
2

BP domination PP

La
La go
g o At r
At ave
ra s
Ar
ve ad
ro
sa o
llo
Ri
d 0m
(L
o
ag R o 30
Si
io
m
o
ps R R
At N m
on io io
L ra v e g
Ri ((A Sim Cla ago esa ro
o gu ps ro
Ce do
Co a
o
(
)
yh s a n (P Pis a 0
ai ba te icu m
qu jo
M l tu
e
(P R. C ond ra)
te o a c
La . te yh h)
a
g
La o E jas iqu
go liz ver e)
La El ald de
go iza e s)
I
La Eli lde 0 m
I
g z
La o E al d 20
go li e I m
La El zald 50
i
Af go E zald e II m
0
lu
en liza e II m
te l d e 2 0
El
i II m
L a za l d 5 0
g e m
L a o C (R
g
La
o aro io)
g
La Lag Car 0 m
La o R
go o o
go ie
La Ca Car 20 m
La Ri sco
go ro o 5
go es I
Ca De 0 m
Ri co (ce
es I ( r c
ro sa
co ce a d
C g
I ( rca e a Rio asc e
ce d
a
c
rc e a uic Des da
a
de cui ultu ag
ac cult ra) e
u u
La icu ra) 0 m
go ltu 20
La
r
go Rie a) m
La Ri sco 50 m
g o e s II
L
Ri co 0 m
R ago
e s II 2
o
co 0
De Rie
m
R s s
I
c
o ag o Ro I 50
Bl
F
C
an e R ish o m
co e
f nd
O isc arm or
es o
te (P 0 m
(R ue
. B n te
R
o
R
Em o R lanc )
pe M o A o)
ra a ys
do ih en
r G ua
R uill les
R o er
o i mo
Bl rih
an u
a
R co E o
o
O st e
R scu
o ro
Po
lu
x

Results & Discussion (PP)


Phytoplankton production rates Region Aysen 2005

4
PP
AP / HP

sample location

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia

Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results & Discussion (PP)


PP 0.004 3.563 g C L-1 h-1 (mean: 0.471 0.781)
a very low PP was encountered
frequently the heterotrophic production outcompeted the autotrophic production

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results & Discussion (Effects of dams)


Impacts of dams on Patagonian plankton systems (risk assessment)
turbulent river

reservoir with reduced turbulence

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results & Discussion (effects of dams)

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results & Discussion (effects of dams)

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results & Discussion (Aquaculture)


Aquaculture shadow (Lake Riesco,
approx. 500m away from the fish farm

nutrient enrichment by microbial


degradation (eutrophication)
toxic and ecological undesired
anaerobic processes in the sediments
and in the sediment-near water layer

-2 0

10

te m p e ra tu re
O 2 m g l-1
pH

-4 0

-6 0

depth (m)

originating from organic matter


overloads (food pellets, fish
excretions & faeces) and their
subsequent microbial degradation
(=oxidation)

-8 0

-1 0 0

-1 2 0

-1 4 0

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

12

Results & Discussion (Size fractions)

> 20 m (> 70 %)

eutrophication process

also:
highest PP
aquaculture

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Results & Discussion (further Invest.)

Ecotoxicological impacts of erythromycin (antibiotic agent) on Patagonian


waters (pharmaceuticals are an increasing problem in all water bodies, at
least in Europe, Asia, North America and around population centres)
Ecological reaction on C, N, P enrichments (land use changes, agriculture,
population growth and sewage increase.)

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Perspectives
- continuation of baseline investigations of eco-structures,
eco-metabolisms and ecological inventories
- extending of the ecosystem based quantitative risk
assessments for the prediction and modelling of hydropower
(dam) impacts
- initiating quantitative ecological risk assessments for the
expected increasing municipal sewage discharges (population
growth), industrial effluents (e.g. aluminium plant) and diffuse
discharges of organic matter, fertilisers and pesticides due to
changes of landuse by agriculture

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Quantitative Aquatic Ecology


(1) Quantitative
baseline investigations

(3) Monetary
assessment

Planned Collaboration Project between EULA and UFZ


Ecological capabilities
& capacities

(2) Predictive ecotoxicological & risk assessment


Threshold concentrations
Effects kinetics
Limiting values
Quantitative changes of ecological capabilities &
capacities

Eco-structure
Productivity
Self-purification
OM degradation
.

(4) Monetary
assessment

Decision making <> Management <> Remediation

Summary
1) Oligotrophic water bodies! the socio-economic
development pressure could lead to eutrophication
2) Ecostructure: low abundance & biomass of zooplankton
(OM consumption on a low level)
3) EEA capabilities are but the self-purification capacities up
to 3 g C L-1 h-1 (12 g C L-1 h-1 for leucine containing
proteins) are very low
4) a low (up to 1.5 g C L-1 h-1) and unbalanced (towards cell
production) BP indicating maximum microbial selfpurification capacities up to 2.13 g C L-1 h-1

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Summary
5) phytoplankton productivity was low (oligotrophic!),
frequently the heterotrophic BP was
6) the construction of dams will weaken the self- purification
capacities of the water column up to 58% (Ro Baker bajo
adis = loss of a self-purification capacity of 7.8 g C from
leucine containing compounds)
7) Sedimentation of PP up to 98% => accumulation of OM on
the sediments which could lead to high O2 consumptions
(microbial degradation)
8) Aquaculture shadow in Lake Riesco => surplus of nutrients
(PP) and OM (O2 depletion -> formation e.g. of methane)
Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia
Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Thanks !
El equipo de Alemania:
Ute Link, Dietrich Borchardt y Helmholtz Centre for
Environmental Research - UFZ
El equipo de Chile:
Cristian Espinoza, Roberto Urrutia,
Claudio Valdovinos y EULA
Stefan Wlfl (UACH)

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

Thank YOU !!!

Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia


Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3

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