Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Centro
2007
2006
2005
Investigated Lakes
Lakes:
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
Lago
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
2007
2006
2005
Investigated Rivers
Rivers:
Inflow Lago Atravesado
Ro Negro
Ro Simpson (Pte Mundaca)
Ro Simpson (inflow sewage treatment plant (STP))
Ro Simpson (after mixing with effluents of the STP)
Ro Simpson (abajo R. Coyhaique)
Ro Coyhaique (Pte. tejas verdes)
Inflow Lago Elizalde
Inflow Lago Caro
Outflow Lago Caro
Lago Caro Cascada
Ro Claro (Aquaculture)
Ro Condor
Outflow Lago Riesco
Ro Blanco Oeste (R. Blanco)
Ro Aysen
Ro Aysn (antes influencia marea)
Ro Maihuales
Ro Emperador Guillermo
Ro irihuao
Ro Blanco Este
Ro Oscuro
Ro Polux
Ro de Lago de los Palos
Los Palos I (Tabo)
Los Palos II (without anthropogenic & tide influences)
Los Palos III (with anthropogenic & tide influences)
Ro Boca de Lon
Ro Murta
Ro Tranquilo
Ro Jeinimeni
Ro El Bao
Outflow Lago General Carrera
Ro Baker location 8
Ro Baker location 9
Ro Chacabuco
Ro Baker 18 inflow Ro Cochrane
Ro Baker 19 Ro Cochrane
Ro Baker location 20 (Balsa)
Ro Baker 21 Ro El Salto
Baker 23 Ro adis
Baker bajo adis
Ro Baker location 24
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
2007
2006
2005
x
x
Methods
Physical & chemical measurements:
Multi probe (O2, T, conductivity, pH)
Inorganic nutrients (NO3, NO2, NH4,
SiO4, PO4)
Alkalinity
Suspended solids (total & organic)
Chlorophyll a
Particulate organic carbon & nitrogen
(POC, PON)
Methods
Ecostructure:
Phytoplankton pigment composition
Abundance:
Viruses
Abundance & biomass:
Bacterioplankton
Heterotrophic flagellates
Microzooplankton
Methods
Quantification of ecosystem services:
Microbiological self-purification capabilities
& capacities (EEA)
Bacterial biomass production (BBP)
Bacterial cell production (BCP)
Phytoplankton production (PP)
Metabolic activity of bacteria (MAR)
Extracellular enzyme
Model Substrate
MUF-N-acetyl-glucosaminide
MUF-phosphate
- or -D-glucosidase
MUF-- or -D-glucopyranoside
- or -D-galactosidase
MUF-- or -D-galactopyranoside
-D-xylosidase
MUF--Dxylopyranoside
Sulfatase
MUF-sulfate
Lipase
MUF-butyrate-heptanoate-palmitate
Aminopeptidase
l-leucine-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC)
Aminopeptidase
Gylcine-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC)
Phosphatase
Methylfluorescein-phosphate
Aminopeptidase
L-leucyl--naphtylamide
O2
CO2
energy production
EEA
C,CN
CP,CS..
Oligomeric OM
Bacterioplankton
biomass production
transfer
to food
web
ID. MUESTRA
Rio Murta
Rio Tranquilo
Rio Jeinimeni
Costanera Chile Chico Limpio
Costanera Chile Chico Sucio
Bahia Jara
El Bao
Puerto Guadal
Desague Lago Carrera
Lago Bertran 5 m (superficie)
Lago Bertran 25 m (medio)
Lago Bertran 50 m (fondo)
Baker 8 (Green Baker)
Baker 9 (Pasarela)
Rio Chacabuco
Rio Cochrane, Desague Lago Cochrane (Reserva Tamango)
Rio Chochrane, Salida Pueblo Cochrane
Baker 20 (Baker sector La Balsa)
Rio El Salto
Costa Fiordo Michell (Fiordo Superficie)
Costanera Tortel
Rio Baker 24 (36)
Baker Bajo adis
Rio adis
AMONIO
+
mg NH4 /L
0.030
0.046
0.037
0.020
0.190
0.025
0.056
0.030
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
0.025
0.046
0.044
0.056
0.068
0.042
0.073
0.022
0.020
0.010
0.013
0.039
NITRITO
mg NO2 /L
0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
0.010
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
NITRATO
mg NO3 /L
ORTO FOSFATO
mg PO4 /L
0.034
0.023
<0.010
0.066
0.151
<0.010
<0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.018
0.026
0.017
0.018
0.016
0.010
0.034
0.015
0.012
0.021
0.021
0.017
0.030
0.050
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
0.037
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
ID. MUESTRA
Rio Murta
Rio Tranquilo
Rio Jeinimeni
Costanera Chile Chico Limpio
Costanera Chile Chico Sucio
Bahia Jara
El Bao
Puerto Guadal
Desague Lago Carrera
Lago Bertran 5 m (superficie)
Lago Bertran 25 m (medio)
Lago Bertran 50 m (fondo)
Baker 8 (Green Baker)
Baker 9 (Pasarela)
Rio Chacabuco
Rio Cochrane, Desague Lago Cochrane (Reserva Tamango)
Rio Chochrane, Salida Pueblo Cochrane
Baker 20 (Baker sector La Balsa)
Rio El Salto
Costa Fiordo Michell (Fiordo Superficie)
Costanera Tortel
Rio Baker 24 (36)
Baker Bajo adis
Rio adis
AMONIO
+
mg NH4 /L
0.030
0.046
0.037
0.020
0.190
0.025
0.056
0.030
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
0.025
0.046
0.044
0.056
0.068
0.042
0.073
0.022
0.020
0.010
0.013
0.039
NITRITO
mg NO2 /L
0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
0.010
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
NITRATO
mg NO3 /L
ORTO FOSFATO
mg PO4 /L
0.034
0.023
<0.010
0.066
0.151
<0.010
<0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.018
0.026
0.017
0.018
0.016
0.010
0.034
0.015
0.012
0.021
0.021
0.017
0.030
0.050
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
0.037
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
ID. MUESTRA
Rio Murta
Rio Tranquilo
Rio Jeinimeni
Costanera Chile Chico Limpio
Costanera Chile Chico Sucio
Bahia Jara
El Bao
Puerto Guadal
Desague Lago Carrera
Lago Bertran 5 m (superficie)
Lago Bertran 25 m (medio)
Lago Bertran 50 m (fondo)
Baker 8 (Green Baker)
Baker 9 (Pasarela)
Rio Chacabuco
Rio Cochrane, Desague Lago Cochrane (Reserva Tamango)
Rio Chochrane, Salida Pueblo Cochrane
Baker 20 (Baker sector La Balsa)
Rio El Salto
Costa Fiordo Michell (Fiordo Superficie)
Costanera Tortel
Rio Baker 24 (36)
Baker Bajo adis
Rio adis
AMONIO
+
mg NH4 /L
0.030
0.046
0.037
0.020
0.190
0.025
0.056
0.030
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
0.025
0.046
0.044
0.056
0.068
0.042
0.073
0.022
0.020
0.010
0.013
0.039
NITRITO
mg NO2 /L
0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
0.010
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
NITRATO
mg NO3 /L
ORTO FOSFATO
mg PO4 /L
0.034
0.023
<0.010
0.066
0.151
<0.010
<0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.018
0.026
0.017
0.018
0.016
0.010
0.034
0.015
0.012
0.021
0.021
0.017
0.030
0.050
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
0.037
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
ID. MUESTRA
AMONIO
+
mg NH4 /L
Rio Murta
Rio Tranquilo
Rio Jeinimeni
Costanera Chile Chico Limpio
Costanera Chile Chico Sucio
Bahia Jara
El Bao
Puerto Guadal
Desague Lago Carrera
Lago Bertran 5 m (superficie)
Lago Bertran 25 m (medio)
Lago Bertran 50 m (fondo)
Baker 8 (Green Baker)
Baker 9 (Pasarela)
Rio Chacabuco
Rio Cochrane, Desague Lago Cochrane (Reserva Tamango)
Rio Chochrane, Salida Pueblo Cochrane
Baker 20 (Baker sector La Balsa)
Rio El Salto
Costa Fiordo Michell (Fiordo Superficie)
Costanera Tortel
Rio Baker 24 (36)
Baker Bajo adis
Rio adis
0.030
0.046
0.037
0.020
0.190
0.025
0.056
0.030
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
<0.010
0.025
0.046
0.044
0.056
0.068
0.042
0.073
0.022
0.020
0.010
0.013
0.039
NITRITO
mg NO2 /L
0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
0.010
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
<0.005
Danger of
Eutrophication !
NITRATO
mg NO3 /L
ORTO FOSFATO
mg PO4 /L
0.034
0.023
<0.010
0.066
0.151
<0.010
<0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.018
0.026
0.017
0.018
0.016
0.010
0.034
0.015
0.012
0.021
0.021
0.017
0.030
0.050
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
0.037
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
<0.025
Rural homes
Cropland
Urban streets
Animal feedlot
Suburban
development
POINT
SOURCES
Factory
Wastewater
treatment
plant
Nanozoopl. 0.15
(0.044%)
Detritus
284.6 (84.7%)
Bacterial
Biomass
16.1 (4.8%)
Microzoopl. 0.001
(0.003%)
La
La go
go Atr
At ave
ra s
Ar
ve ad
ro
sa o
l
l
o
Ri
do 0m
(
o
La
Si
Ri 30
g
m
o
ps R R
At o N m
on i o i o
La rave egro
C
S
Ri ((A im la go sa
o gu ps ro
Ce do
Co a
o
(
)
yh s a n (P Pis a 0
ai ba te icu m
qu jo
M l tu
e
(P R. C ond ra)
te o a
La . te yh ch)
a
g
La o E jas iqu
go liz ver e)
La El ald de
go iza e s)
I
La Eli lde 0 m
I
g z
La o E al d 20
go l i e I m
La El zald 50
i
Af go E zald e II m
0
lu
en liza e II m
te l d e 2 0
El
i II m
La zald 50
g e m
La o C ( R
go ar i o
La
o )
g
La Lag Car 0 m
La o R
go o C o 2
go i e
La Ca ar 0 m
La R sco
go ro o 5
go ies I
(
c
Ca De 0 m
Ri o ce
es I ( r c
ro sa
co ce a d
C g
r
I ( ca e a Rio asc e
ce d
a
rc e a cuic Des da
a
de cui ultu ag
ac cult ra) e
u u
La icu ra) 0 m
g o l tu 2 0
La
r
go Rie a) m
La Ri sco 50 m
g o e s II
L
Ri co 0 m
R ago
e s II 2
o
R
co 0
D
m
R es ies
I
o ag co Ro I 50
Bl
an e R Fish Co m
co e
f nd
O isc arm or
es o
te (P 0 m
( R ue
. B n te
R
o
Em Ro R lanc )
pe M o A o)
ra a ys
do i h en
r G ua
R u le
R o iller s
o i mo
Bl rih
an u
a
R co E o
o
s
O te
R scu
o ro
Po
lu
x
-1
g C L h
-1
1.8
BCP
BBP
1.2
0.6
0.0
sample location
-1
g C L h
-1
1.8
BCP
BBP
BBP vs. BCP
1.2
12
0.6
6
0.0
0
sample location
size increase
18
cell
increase
La
La go
go Atr
At ave
ra s
Ar
v e ad
ro
sa o
l
l
o
Ri
do 0m
(
o
La
3
Si
g
o Rio 0 m
m
At N
ps R R
e
r
on io io
a
L
v gr
Ri ((A Sim Clar ago esa o
o gu ps o
C d
Co a o
( e o)
yh s a n (P Pis a 0
ai ba te icu m
qu jo
M ltu
e
(P R. C ond ra)
te o a
La . te yha ch)
g j
La o E as v ique
go liz e )
La El ald rde
go iza e I s)
La Eli lde 0 m
I
g z
La o E alde 20
go liz I m
La El ald 50
m
g iz e
Af o E ald II 0
lu
e
l
i
m
en za II
te lde 20
El
i II m
La zald 50
g e m
La o C (R
g
La
o aro io)
g
La Lag Car 0 m
La o R
go o o 2
go ie
La Ca Car 0 m
La Ri sco
go ro o 5
go es I
Ca De 0 m
Ri co (ce
es I ( rc
ro sa
a
c
co e
C g
d
I ( rca e a Rio asc e
ce d c
a
rc e a uic Des da
a
u
a
c
l
g
de uic tu
ac ult ra) e
u
La uicu ra) 0 m
g l
La o R tura 20 m
go ie ) 5
La Ri sco 0 m
go es II
La
Ri co 0 m
R go
e s II 2
o
R
c
0
D
R es iesc R o II m
5
o ag o
B l F o C 0 m
an e R ish o
co e fa nd
O isc rm or
es o
te (P 0 m
(R ue
. B nte
R
o
Em R R lanc )
pe o M o A o)
ra a ys
do ih en
r G ua
R u le
R o iller s
o i mo
Bl rih
an u
a
R co E o
o
s
O te
R scu
o ro
Po
lu
x
0.639
Assuming an ecological efficiency of 70%:
maximum microbial self-purification amount
to 2.13 g C L-1 h-1 (1.491 + 0.639)
1.491
Respiration within
the food web
La
La go
g o At r
At ave
ra s
Ar
ve ad
ro
sa o
llo
Ri
d 0m
(L
o
ag R o 30
Si
io
m
o
ps R R
At N m
on io io
L ra v e g
Ri ((A Sim Cla ago esa ro
o gu ps ro
Ce do
Co a
o
(
)
yh s a n (P Pis a 0
ai ba te icu m
qu jo
M l tu
e
(P R. C ond ra)
te o a c
La . te yh h)
a
g
La o E jas iqu
go liz ver e)
La El ald de
go iza e s)
I
La Eli lde 0 m
I
g z
La o E al d 20
go li e I m
La El zald 50
i
Af go E zald e II m
0
lu
en liza e II m
te l d e 2 0
El
i II m
L a za l d 5 0
g e m
L a o C (R
g
La
o aro io)
g
La Lag Car 0 m
La o R
go o o
go ie
La Ca Car 20 m
La Ri sco
go ro o 5
go es I
Ca De 0 m
Ri co (ce
es I ( r c
ro sa
co ce a d
C g
I ( rca e a Rio asc e
ce d
a
c
rc e a uic Des da
a
de cui ultu ag
ac cult ra) e
u u
La icu ra) 0 m
go ltu 20
La
r
go Rie a) m
La Ri sco 50 m
g o e s II
L
Ri co 0 m
R ago
e s II 2
o
co 0
De Rie
m
R s s
I
c
o ag o Ro I 50
Bl
F
C
an e R ish o m
co e
f nd
O isc arm or
es o
te (P 0 m
(R ue
. B n te
R
o
R
Em o R lanc )
pe M o A o)
ra a ys
do ih en
r G ua
R uill les
R o er
o i mo
Bl rih
an u
a
R co E o
o
O st e
R scu
o ro
Po
lu
x
-1
-1
g C L h
4
PP
sample location
-1
-1
g C L h
2
BP domination PP
La
La go
g o At r
At ave
ra s
Ar
ve ad
ro
sa o
llo
Ri
d 0m
(L
o
ag R o 30
Si
io
m
o
ps R R
At N m
on io io
L ra v e g
Ri ((A Sim Cla ago esa ro
o gu ps ro
Ce do
Co a
o
(
)
yh s a n (P Pis a 0
ai ba te icu m
qu jo
M l tu
e
(P R. C ond ra)
te o a c
La . te yh h)
a
g
La o E jas iqu
go liz ver e)
La El ald de
go iza e s)
I
La Eli lde 0 m
I
g z
La o E al d 20
go li e I m
La El zald 50
i
Af go E zald e II m
0
lu
en liza e II m
te l d e 2 0
El
i II m
L a za l d 5 0
g e m
L a o C (R
g
La
o aro io)
g
La Lag Car 0 m
La o R
go o o
go ie
La Ca Car 20 m
La Ri sco
go ro o 5
go es I
Ca De 0 m
Ri co (ce
es I ( r c
ro sa
co ce a d
C g
I ( rca e a Rio asc e
ce d
a
c
rc e a uic Des da
a
de cui ultu ag
ac cult ra) e
u u
La icu ra) 0 m
go ltu 20
La
r
go Rie a) m
La Ri sco 50 m
g o e s II
L
Ri co 0 m
R ago
e s II 2
o
co 0
De Rie
m
R s s
I
c
o ag o Ro I 50
Bl
F
C
an e R ish o m
co e
f nd
O isc arm or
es o
te (P 0 m
(R ue
. B n te
R
o
R
Em o R lanc )
pe M o A o)
ra a ys
do ih en
r G ua
R uill les
R o er
o i mo
Bl rih
an u
a
R co E o
o
O st e
R scu
o ro
Po
lu
x
4
PP
AP / HP
sample location
-2 0
10
te m p e ra tu re
O 2 m g l-1
pH
-4 0
-6 0
depth (m)
-8 0
-1 0 0
-1 2 0
-1 4 0
12
> 20 m (> 70 %)
eutrophication process
also:
highest PP
aquaculture
Perspectives
- continuation of baseline investigations of eco-structures,
eco-metabolisms and ecological inventories
- extending of the ecosystem based quantitative risk
assessments for the prediction and modelling of hydropower
(dam) impacts
- initiating quantitative ecological risk assessments for the
expected increasing municipal sewage discharges (population
growth), industrial effluents (e.g. aluminium plant) and diffuse
discharges of organic matter, fertilisers and pesticides due to
changes of landuse by agriculture
(3) Monetary
assessment
Eco-structure
Productivity
Self-purification
OM degradation
.
(4) Monetary
assessment
Summary
1) Oligotrophic water bodies! the socio-economic
development pressure could lead to eutrophication
2) Ecostructure: low abundance & biomass of zooplankton
(OM consumption on a low level)
3) EEA capabilities are but the self-purification capacities up
to 3 g C L-1 h-1 (12 g C L-1 h-1 for leucine containing
proteins) are very low
4) a low (up to 1.5 g C L-1 h-1) and unbalanced (towards cell
production) BP indicating maximum microbial selfpurification capacities up to 2.13 g C L-1 h-1
Summary
5) phytoplankton productivity was low (oligotrophic!),
frequently the heterotrophic BP was
6) the construction of dams will weaken the self- purification
capacities of the water column up to 58% (Ro Baker bajo
adis = loss of a self-purification capacity of 7.8 g C from
leucine containing compounds)
7) Sedimentation of PP up to 98% => accumulation of OM on
the sediments which could lead to high O2 consumptions
(microbial degradation)
8) Aquaculture shadow in Lake Riesco => surplus of nutrients
(PP) and OM (O2 depletion -> formation e.g. of methane)
Karrasch & Parra: Limnological Survey of Rivers and Lakes of Patagonia
Puerto Bertrand 15th January 2008 - LV3
Thanks !
El equipo de Alemania:
Ute Link, Dietrich Borchardt y Helmholtz Centre for
Environmental Research - UFZ
El equipo de Chile:
Cristian Espinoza, Roberto Urrutia,
Claudio Valdovinos y EULA
Stefan Wlfl (UACH)