T.

AMIR HAMZAH INDRAPURA

VOCATIONAL SCHOOL

PC ASSEMBLY
INTRODUCTION CHOOSING PARTS

B y : M . TA U F I K , S T.

Competence Standards :
Assembling Personal Computer
Basic Competence :
1. Planning Computer Specification
2. Assembling Computer
3. Configure PC Components Using
Software
4. Setting BIOS
5. Connecting/ Installing Computer
Peripherals
6. Post-Assembly Initial Check

Computer

A computer is made up of a
case (or chassis) which
houses several important
internal components, and
provides places to connect
the external components,
including non-peripherals.

Primary Components
Exploded view of a personal
computer:
1. Monitor
2. Motherboard
3. CPU (Microprocessor)
4. ATA Sockets
5. Main memory (RAM)
6. Expansion cards
7. Power Supply Unit
8. Optical Disc Drive
9. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
10.Keyboard
11.Mouse

1. Monitor / Display

When choosing a display for your computer, you have two

choices: a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) screen, or a Liquid
Crystal Display (LCD) screen.

2. Motherboard
The motherboard is a
very important part of
your computer. A
good motherboard
allows a modest CPU
and RAM to run at
maximum efficiency
whereas a bad
motherboard restricts
high-end products to
run only at modest
levels.

3. CPU (Microprocessor)
The Central Processing Unit
(CPU), also called a Processor, is
the heart of your computer. It
performs nearly all the actual
computation that takes lace as
the computer is used.
The choice of a CPU will affect the
ultimate speed of the computer
more than any other single
component (gaming systems
excepted; there the GPU is usually
the bottleneck).

4. ATA Sockets
Used for connecting hard and optical
drives, most motherboards used to have
two parallel, 40 pin IDE interface
connectors which are now mostly used
for backwards compatibility if they are
present.
These old PATA (parallel ATA)
connections have been largely replaced
by SATA (Serial ATA) connections for
hard drives and optical drives. SATA
connections are simple - one plug, one
cable, one device.

5. Main Memory (RAM)

The actual type of RAM
one will need depends on
the motherboard and
chipset one gets. Some
old motherboards use
DDR (Double Data Rate)
RAM, but the industry
standard is now DDR2.
DDR3 is coming on strong
on the high end and is
required for Intel's new
Core i7 processors.

The RAM should usually

operate at the same
clock speed as the CPU's
Front Side Bus (FSB).

6. Expansion Card

PCI Express slots (from top to bottom: x4, x16, x1 and x16),
compared to a traditional 32-bit PCI slot (bottom)
Old motherboards may have one or more the following slots:
- AGP - for graphics cards (ranging from AGP 1x, 2x, 4x and 8x)
- PCI - for expansion cards and low-end graphics cards

7. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

The power supply you choose needs to supply enough
DC current to run your components. Beyond that it
needs to supply stable, accurate voltages, i.e. the 12 volt
rail needs to supply 12 volts (within normal tolerances of
10% or so) steadily under any foreseeable load, likewise
the 3 and 5v rails at their respective voltages.
Cheap power supplies tend to fall
down in these areas. There are
several tech-heavy websites that
actually throw a multimeter on the
PSU in the course of a review, seek
these out and make sure you select
a quality PSU.

8. Optical Drive
When purchasing a DVD
writer, you will want one
that is capable of
burning both the '+'
and '-' standards, and it
should also be Dual
Layer compatible.
This will ensure that you can burn to almost all
recordable DVDs currently on the market (the other
major format, DVD-RAM is almost unused, for the
most part, so don't worry about it).

9. Harddisk Drive (HDD)

Parallel IDE drives (PATA,
also known as ATA or IDE)
use cables that can be
distinguished by their wide
40-pin connector, colored
first-pin wire, and usually
gray "ribbon" style cables.
This technology is largely obsolete because SATA
uses thinner cables, eliminates contention for the
IDE bus that can occur when two PATA drives are
attached to the same connector, and promises
faster drive access.

SATA drives have the advantages outlined above.

If you want Serial ATA, you will either need to
purchase a motherboard that supports it (all newer
motherboards do), or purchase a PCI card that will
allow you to connect your hard drive. Note that
some older motherboards will not allow you to
install Windows XP to a Serial ATA hard drive.
SCSI, although more expensive and less user friendly, is
usually worthwile on high performance workstations and
servers. Few consumer desktop motherboards built
today support SCSI, and when building a new computer,
the work needed to implement SCSI may be outweighed
by the relative simplicity and performance of IDE and
SATA. SCSI hard drives typically reach rotational speeds
of up to 15,000 RPM, and are more expensive

10. Keyboard & Mouse

When choosing a mouse,
there is generally no reason
not to choose an optical
mouse.
They are considerably lighter (and as such, reduce
RSI) as they have no moving parts, they are much
better at smoothly tracking movement, and they
dont require constant cleaning like ball mice
(though it may be wise to brush off the lens with a
q-tip or other soft tool on occasion).

End of Session
Next Chapter :
PC Assembly

Tools and Equipment

Basic Tools
Before you begin building or refitting a computer, you
should have some basic tools:
1. Cross Shaped screwdriver
2. Needle-nose pliers
3. Anti-static Wrist Strap
4. A large level working space
An anti-static wrist strap
with crocodile clip

Safety
Precaution
1. Static electricity is the biggest danger to the
expensive parts you are about to assemble,
even a tiny shock, much too small for you to
feel, can damage or ruin the delicate electronic
traces, many times smaller than a human hair,
that make up your CPU, RAM and other chips.
Its important to use your anti-static wrist strap
to prevent damage to these components.

2. Nobody but you is at fault if you shock your components

with static electricity. Make sure that you take the
precautions in the previous paragraph to ground yourself
from static electricity.
3. Turn off your computer and switch off your Power Supply
at the wall before installing or removing any components.
4. Never cut the grounding pin off your power cord. This
"safety ground" stands between you and potentially lethal
voltages inside the power supply.
5. Be wary of sharp edges! Many lower-end PC cases have
sharp, unfinished edges.
6. Dismantling discrete electronic components such as your
Power Supply or Monitor is dangerous. They contain high
voltage capacitors, which can cause a severe electric
shock if you touch them. These hold a charge even when
the unit is not plugged in and are capable of delivering a
fatal shock.

Construction
Start by putting
your case down on
your work surface,
with the case door
facing up, and open
the case .

A Computer Case

Motherboard

Find the motherboard standoffs (spacers) that

should have come with the case. They are screws,
usually brass, with large hexagonal heads that are
tapped so you can fasten screws into the top.
These hold the motherboard up off the case
preventing a short-circuit. Set these aside.

Remove the I/O Shield from the back of the case

where the ports on the back of the motherboard
will fit, and put in the I/O Shield that came with
your motherboard. There may be small metal tabs
on the inside of this face plate, if so you may have
to adjust them to accommodate the ports on the
back of the motherboard. Some case styles make it
difficult to install the motherboard or the CPU with
the power supply installed. If the power supply is
in your way, take it out and set it aside (we'll put it
back in later).

Now locate the screw holes on your

motherboard and find the corresponding holes
on the motherboard plate (or tray) in the case.
Put a standoff in each
of these holes on the
tray and position the
motherboard so that
you can see the holes in
the top of the standoffs
through the screw holes
in the motherboard.

Now is the time to make sure the ports on the motherboard

are mating with the backplate you just installed, and make
any necessary adjustments.
The small metal tabs are

Motherboards Standoffs Holes

intended to make contact with

the metal parts of the
connections on the back of the
motherboard and ground
them, but you may have to
bend these tabs a bit to get
the ports all properly
mounted, this is where those
needle-nose pliers may come
in handy. If you have trouble
lining up the screw holes,
double check that you have
the standoffs in the proper
holes on the tray.

CPU (MAIN PROCESSOR)

Installing the CPU,
and the CPUs heatsink and fan, are the
most difficult steps
youll have to
complete during
your build
Here, more than anywhere else, it will pay to read the
instructions carefully, look at the parts, study the diagrams
that came with your CPU and/or third party cooling solution,
and make sure you thoroughly understand what you are
going to do before you try to do it.

Before installing the heatsink and fan, use thermal paste and apply
it to CPU die die (the square piece of silicon in the middle of the
CPU) and do so sparingly -- most modern CPUs take no more than a
dab of thermal paste the size of a grain of rice.
Then mount the heatsink
fan cooler onto
motherboard and Tighten
the cooler using only the
specified holding devices
- if you did everything
right, they will fit. If they
do not fit, check your
setup - most likely
something is wrong. After
mounting the cooler,
connect any power cables
for the fan that is
attached to the cooler.

RAM (Main Memory)

Next, you will need to install
your RAM (random access
memory). Find the RAM slots on
your motherboard. first push on
the levers (white plastic in the
picture) on either side of the
DIMM socket, so that they move
to the sides. Do not force them,
they should move fairly easily.
Put the RAM module in the socket. Line up the notch in the center of
the module with the small bump in the center of the RAM socket,
making sure to insert it the right way. Push down on the module until
both levers move up into the notches on the sides of the module.
There should be a small "snap" when the module is fully seated.

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

Installing your power supply is pretty straightforward, if it came with
your case it was pre-installed and if you took it out earlier to get the
motherboard in, now is the time to put it back. Otherwise a few
moments of screwdriver work will get the job done. Generally there
will be a bracket on the top of the case where the power supply is
mounted and a few screws used to fix it in place.

VIDEO
GRAPHIC CARD
If your motherboard has a built-in
video adapter you want to use, skip
this section. If you have an AGP
video card: Install the video card into
the AGP socket. This is always the
top expansion slot near the back of
the computer.
When your card is properly installed
the line formed by the top of the card
will be exactly parallel to the
motherboard, if one side seems to be
higher than the other, chances are
that it is not fully inserted, press a
little harder on the high side or pull it
out and try again.

DRIVES
Next install the hard drive and optical drives. How a drive is
physically installed will depend on the case. Most new drives
are SATA (Serial ATA) which use simple, small cables for a
data connection.
The ends of the cables are L shaped,
just look carefully at the cable ends
and the connector on the drive and
match them up. Only one drive can be
connected to each SATA port on the
motherboard. Some SATA drives have
two different power ports - make sure
you connect ONLY ONE of these ports
to the power supply, connecting both
can damage the drive.

SATA Cable

Older drives have PATA (Parallel ATA) connections which use a

flat ribbon (IDE) cable for data connection. When using an
IDE cable, plug the two connectors that are closer together
into the 2 drives, and the third to the controller or
motherboard. The connector furthest from the board should
be attached to the drive set as Master. Make sure the drive
that you will install your OS on is the primary master. This is
the master drive on the Primary IDE bus which is usually the
IDE 40 pin port on the motherboard labeled Primary or IDE
1..
Note: IDE connectors are keyed,
so it should be impossible to
insert them backwards. However,
it does not require very much
force to do this and it can destroy
your motherboard.

Other Connections
In order to turn the computer on, you will
need to connect the power button and
while you are at it, you might as well do
the reset buttons and front panel lights as
well.
There will be a set of pins, usually near the
front edge of the motherboard to which
you will attach the cables sometimes
already connected to the the front of the
case, or if needed supplied with the
motherboard.

Some cables are

attached to pins on a
board (e.g.
motherboard or
extension card)

Note:
The front panel LEDs are polarized: usually the positive
wire is a color while the negative wire is white or black, this
may be important if you have to do alterations or do not
have the proper cables.

Prepare to Power Up

For this test, youll want to have the computer

open, so that you can see all of the fans, and youll
need to connect a monitor and a keyboard and a
mouse.

Power Up
Take a moment to check one more time
that everything is as it should be. Make
sure you've removed your wrist strap, turn
on the monitor, then press the power
button, and observe the inside of the open
machine. (Do not touch any part of the
inside of the machine while it is powered
up you will NOT die but your computer
might.) The first thing to look for is that
the CPU cooler fan spins up, if it does not,
cut the power immediately. This fan should
start up right away; something is wrong if
it doesnt and your CPU is in danger of
overheating so stop now and troubleshoot.

NOTE:
If you have a Gigabyte brand motherboard, the
CPU fan may twitch and stop turning. Wait 10-15
seconds and it should start. If it does not, there is
a problem and you should immediately cut power
as stated above. Other fans such as case fans
should turn on and spin.
If the CPU fan spins up, check that all the other
fans that should be spinning case fans and fans
on the power supply and video card (if installed)
are also spinning. Some of these fans may not
spin up until a temperature threshold is passed,
check your documentation if anything is not
spinning.

End of Session
Next Chapter :
BIOS

BIOS
Booting is a process that
occurs when someone
turned on a computer, all
processor registers be set
empty, and the status of
microprocessor / processor
gives a chance to reset.
Then the BIOS will perform a
check of all the errors in
memory, device-device
attached / connected to the
computer -) such as serial
This is called the POST (Powerports and others.
On Self Test).

BIOS Stands for Basic Input Output System where the duties
of the bios is the initial (ignition) and the testing or checking of
the hardware (Power on self test (POST)), Load and run the
operating system, set the basic configuration of the computer
(Date, Time , the boot configuration, the configuration of the
storage media, etc.), because of its proximity to the hardware
bios generally made with Assembly language (which is used by
the machine in question).

When viewed from the company that

made the bios consist of several types:
1. Award Software
- Award Bios
- Award Modular Bios
2. Award Medallion Bios Phoenix Technologies
- Phoenix Bios
- Join The Award-Award Bios produce Phoenix
3. American Megatrends Incorporated (AMI)
- Ami Bios
- Ami WinBios
4. Microid Research
Users is the Oem (Original Equipment Manufactured)
as HP / Compaq, IBM / Lenovo, Dell Computer, and
other OEMs.

BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) or Basic

Integrated Operating System is a software interface
between operating systems with hardware. Actually,
the BIOS is implemented as an integrated program
that can be run to control the keyboard, display
screen, disk drives, serial communications and
some other special functions, which involves lowlevel access to hardware.
W A R N I N G !!!
Incorrect configuration and setting is one cause of
slow and declining power of our PC, the BIOS setup
options can be likened to the source of power for
our PC.

The Concept and How it Works

1. The first time the motherboard / PC is turned on,
the bios will do the first post check / self-check on
the IC itself Bios, Self Checks carried out by the
bios is the appropriate construction is embedded
in the eeprom program itself, begun from the
header / bootblock / loader up to the MCU (Main
Control Unit), Cheque made from bits per bit
syntaxis relations program code and the
correlation map addressing the bios with external
addressing (which is attached peripherals on the
motherboard).

1. If the self check on chips / ic-bios it worked the

next process is the often you know and hear is
the process of booting / Bootstart. At the time of
booting the bios will do a check on the validity of
performance peripherals, ranging from the
Motherboard, Processor, RAM, VGA, Sound Card,
Hard Disk, Floppy Disk, CD / DVDR / RW,
Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, and other accecories.
2. If the boot is successful, then the next step is
the bios will do a process called the Start-Up, If
the boot process fails because there is one
peripheral that is not valid performance /
trouble, then the boot process will stop and even
HANG.

4. At the actual start-ups in check by the

bios is the specification of devices /
peripherals embedded / installed in a CPU
/ PC such as store-age, ranging from the
IRQ, Firmware Specification, capacity,
functionality (Example : Hard Drive,
Floppy Drive, CD / DVD / R / RW, and
other age-store device is attached)

5. If the validation and verification of peripherals at

the time of the startup process is successful then
the next process is to read the OS (Operating
System) which is at-age store, Operating System
in this case can be of various platforms such as
DOS (Disk Operating System), Windows 1664bit, Solaris , Linux, Xenix, Unix, aple, Etc. If
the OS that is on store-read and successful age
verification through the PC will go on the desktop
area / Main Area on any operating system from a
variety of platforms. What are the verification is
done at this stage?

6. If a CPU / PC has been successfully entered on

one of the operating system platform, the next
process is KERNEL CHECK or check on file
KERNEL, Kernel files are files that contain
regular program that serves as a bridge / gate /
communicator
between
HARDWARE
with
Software (In This operating system), file is
usually found on the OS from a variety of
platforms that have a particular mode GUI
(Graphical User Interface).

7. IF standard processes mentioned above have

successfully passed The operating system of the
various platforms will go on the main console
either in the form of Demands and Graphical
mode Text mode (for OS GUI), To the public then
you will come to the desktop area / main control
area on any operating system from a variety of
platforms which you normally use every day.
That's how porses OUTLINE boot / startup time
of a PC will be used, and in fact all of these
processes on the handle of the main chips called
BIOS.

Entering BIOS
Restart

the Computer and

Watch
for
the
BIOS
Setup Message
Power On Self Test (POST)
Changing the boot order of
the bootbale" devices on
your computer like your hard
drive, floopy drive, optical
drive, etc. is very easy. The
BIOS setup utility is where
you change boot order
settings.

Turn on or restart your computer and watch for a

message during the POST about a particular key, usually
Del or F2, that you'll need to press to ...enter SETUP.
Press this key as soon as you see the message.
Don't see the SETUP message or can't press the key fast
enough? It is important to knowing guide for getting
into BIOS.
Note: The boot order is a BIOS setting so it's operating
system independent. In other words, it doesn't matter if
you have Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Linux,
or any other PC operating system on your hard drive or
other bootable device, these boot sequence change
instructions will still apply.

BIOS Configuration
Main Menu

Beside are example

illustrations of the Phoenix
BIOS setup screens. As can be
seen from the below pictures,
this BIOS is broken up into
several different menus. In the
below illustration of the Main
menu portion of the BIOS,
a user can see the computer
specifications as well as easily
change the time, date, and
other system specific settings.

On the Main menu, User can change processor

serial number, this mean feature serial number of
processor can access by software utility like Tune
Up Utilities.
User can change L2 cache ECC support, this mean
if we use memory (RAM) that supported ECC
technology we can activated it to increase speed of
computer.
User can change system time and system date, it
means we can change system time and system
date that according local date and time. If we
replace the exhausted battery with new battery we
must do to change the system time again.

BIOS Configuration
Advanced Menu
The

Advanced menu, as
shown beside, is most likely
the section of the BIOS the
user is most likely going to
be entering to change their
settings. As can be seen,
this menu is broken down
into an additional six more
sub-menus that enable the
user to change settings for
each
of
the
different
categories. To the right of
the illustration is a brief
description of what is found
in each of these categories.

 Peripheral

Configuration : The Peripheral

Configuration section of the BIOS enables the user
to setup and change the settings for the computer's
Serial Ports and Parallel ports as well as enable or
disable Legacy USB Support.
User can change computers Serial ports to
activate or not, serial port is use to mouse,
keyboards, etc.
User can change Pararell ports to activate or not,
pararell port is use to printer and other peripheral.
User can change Legacy USB support to activate
or not, USB port is use to mouse, keyboard,
printer and other peripheral.

 IDE

Configuration : The IDE configuration allows a user to

define or change any values relating to IDE devices
connected to the computer. This includes you hard disk
drive, CD-ROM drives and any other IDE drives.
User can change IDE devices to activate or not, IDE
devices is use to hard disk, CDROM, DVDROM, etc.
To change IDE devices is enabled, disabled, and auto. If
we choose auto, BIOS automatic setting it value. If we
choose enabled, We must to do configure it.
Diskette Options : The Diskette Options enables the
user to enable, disable, and change settings relating to
the diskette drive connected to the computer.

 DMI

Event Logging : The DMI Event Logging enables

a user to view the DMI event log, clear the log and
enable or disable this feature.
User can change DMI Event Logging to activate or
not, if we activated it this mean computer POST
will deleted DMI Event Logging.
Video Configuration : The Video Configuration allows
the user to Set settings related to the video
including the Palette Snooping, AGP Aperture Size,
and the default adapter.
User can change Palette snooping activate or not, it
recommended to disable , in order to graphic card
can function properly.

User can activate AGP apperture size or not, AGP apperture

size is use to increase speed of graphic rendering like
game 3D, video editing, etc.

 Resource

Configuration : The Resource

Configuration enables a user to reserve or make
available any memory or IRQ resources.
User can activate IRQ Resources or not, Some
computer pheriperal need IRQ resources to
function properly

BIOS Configuration
Security Menu
The

security section enables the

user to set BIOS passwords on
the computer. In this case, the
user can set a user password,
which will cause a password
prompt each time the computer
boots or set a setup password
that will prompt for a password
each time someone enters the
BIOS setup. If a user sets a
BIOS password and forgets that
password, he or she must clear
the CMOS or jump the BIOS
jumper on the motherboard.

 The

next section, or Power menu, enables a user

to enable and disable the power management
options on the computer. Because this section
really has no more than disabling and enabling
power management and the hardware with power
management features, this illustration is not
shown.
User can activate or not Power menu, like
system standby user can set computer standby
30 minute. It also can configurate in operating
system software utility.

BIOS Configuration
Boot Menu

The next and final section in this

example of the Phoenix BIOS is the
Boot menu; this section enables a
user to setup how the computer
and its peripherals should load
during the boot process. As seen
below, users can define the boot
sequence of bootable devices. This
section is important for when the
user wishes to boot from a floppy
diskette or CD-ROM. In addition to
the available options in this menu,
there are three sub-menus that
enable a user to select from a
listing of available hard drives or
other removable devices.

 User

can change Boot Time Diagnostic Screen to

activate or not; if we activate it this mean
computer will show peripherals should load during
the boot process.
User can change Quick Boot Mode to activate or
not; if we activate it this mean computer will
increase speed of POST.
As seen above, user can define the boot sequence
of bootable devices. This section is important for
when the user wishes to boot from a floppy
diskette or CD-ROM. In addition to the available
options in this menu, there are three sub-menus
that enable a user to select from a listing of
available hard drives or other removable devices.

End of Session
Next Chapter :
Computer Peripherals

Common Computer Peripherals

Keyboard

The keyboard allows the user to

input text which can be used to
instruct
the
computer
to
complete any number of tasks.
English-language
keyboards
come complete with the full
alphabet and number set, with
special characters available to
those who might need to add
accents or other features to
their text.
Modern keyboards also come equipped with special buttons
located outside the normal keys that control email function,
volume and the computer's main media player. Like mouse
devices, keyboards are connected either through a hard wire
or via a USB adapter.

Mouse
The
mouse
device is
used
primarily to move the on-screen
cursor, allowing the user to click
confirmation boxes, access icons
on the screen and select groups of
text for cutting, pasting or other
duties. A mouse can connect to
the computer core through a hardwire cord. It also can be
connected wirelessly by using an
adapter which plugs into the
computer via a USB adapter and
sends signals to the mouse,
allowing it to work without a cord.

Next to the computer

itself, the monitor is the
most important piece of
equipment necessary for a
user
to
operate
the
machine. The monitor is
used to display the results
of the computer's complex
calculations. It is usually
connected to the computer
tower using a special cable
that contains small screws
which
are twisted to
ensure a tight connection.

Monitor

Printer/ Scanner

Printer

Scanner

The printer isn't considered a critical

computer peripheral, but is useful for
its ability to allow the user to print out
important documents. Modern printers
have the ability to also make
photocopies, scan copies of documents
into the computer or send faxes.
Printers use elaborate connectors
similar to the ones employed by
monitors, though certain models also
can be connected wirelessly through
the installation of the proper device
drivers.

Webcams allow users to take

pictures or videos of themselves
and transmit them onto their
computers. Webcams have the
ability to broadcast live to other
users through online video sites
or chat rooms. Webcams connect
through a hard wire or through a
wireless connection via a USB
adapter. In some modern laptop
and netbook computers, small
webcams are built into the top of
the screen.

Webcam

Speaker
External speakers give the
user a more complete
listening experience--foregoing a reliance on a
computer's internal
speakers, which don't
carry sound well.
These devices are ideal for those who want to listen to music,
movies or video game effects on their computer without
having to make do with the internal speakers, or plugging in a
set of headphones. Speakers can be connected either directly
into the computer's casing, or through a sub-woofer, a device
which produces low bass frequencies.

Identification Peripherals

Barcode
A barcode is an optical machine-readable representation of
data, which shows data about the object to which it attaches.
Originally barcodes represented data by varying the widths
and spacings of parallel lines, and may be referred to as
linear or one-dimensional (1D). Later they evolved into
rectangles, dots, hexagons and other geometric patterns in
two dimensions (2D).
A barcode reader
(or barcode
scanner) is an
electronic device
for reading printed
barcodes.

Fingerprint
A fingerprint in its narrow
sense is an impression left
by the friction ridges of a
human finger. In a wider use
of the term, fingerprints are
the traces of an impression
from the friction ridges of
any part of a human or other
primate hand.
Fingerprint recognition is the technology that verifies the
identitiy of a person based on the fact that everyone has
unique fingerprints. It is one of the most heavily used
and actively studied biometric technologies.

Face Recognition
Another biometric technology of face recognition
verifies identity by matching feature data
extracted from faces of more than one subject in
a video or static image with feature data stored
in the face database.

Face Detection

Retinal Scan
The blood vessel patterns of the retina and the pattern of
flecks on the iris both offer unique methods of identification.
These methods are presently used for high security access
control at military and bank facilities. Retinal recognition is
said to provide the most stable means of biometric
identification over time.

Voice Pattern
Speech patterns encompass both physiological and behavioral
factors, and voice identification devices focus on different
characteristics than does the human ear. In other words, an
imposter may be able to imitate someone's voice extremely
well, but will not fool a voice identification system. Voice
pattern analysis systems may be set up with dedicated
hardware and software at the access point, or users may
achieve access by phone.
One current application for
voice verification systems is
to monitor computer use.
Biometric identification
through voice pattern
analysis is one of the most
acceptable methods to users

Computer Storage Peripherals

Harddisk Drive
When people think about computer
storage devices, the first thing that
usually comes to mind is the
internal hard disk drive. While this
is the most common PC storage
device, many forget about storage
peripherals. These devices sit
outside the computer and provide
additional storage functionality.

Flash Media
Flash media devices, such as
USB thumb drives and memory
cards, are the most common
computer storage peripherals.
Because they are so small, they
are handy for moving files
between computers or backing
up a small set of important files.
A typical flash drive or memory
card holds 1GB to 64GB of data.

External Drive

As the name implies, external drives sit outside the computer

and provide the same functions as internal drives. External
DVD burners plug into a USB port on your PC and allow you to
write data to DVD discs, for example. External USB and
FireWire hard drives are also available that provide as much as
2TB of storage.

Floppy and Zip Disk

< Floppy Disk

ZIP Disk >

Floppy disk drives and Zip disk drives are rarely used
nowadays but are a common feature of older computers. Both
devices are available as external peripherals for loading old
files onto newer systems. Whereas a floppy disk only holds
1.44MB of data, a typical Zip disk holds 100MB.

Communication Peripherals

Computers are capable of communicating with

each other, and with other devices (such as PDAs
and cell phones). In order to communicate with
these devices, a computer must have a
compatible communication peripheral to transmit
and receive data.

Some examples of communication peripherals

are computer modems, network adapters,
infrared adapter ports, and wireless (radio
frequency) adapters.

Modem
Modem stands for Modulator-Demodulator.
Modulate is the process of translating data from
digital to analog so it can be transmitted.
Demodulate the contrary, the process of translating
from analog to digital.

Network Adapter
PCI Network Card

A network adapter interfaces a computer

to a network. The term "adapter" was
popularized originally by Ethernet add-in
cards for PCs. Modern network adapter
hardware exists in several forms. Besides
traditional PCI Ethernet cards, some
network adapters are PCMCIA devices (also
know as "credit card" or "PC Card"
adapters) or USB devices. Some wireless
network adapter gear for laptop computers
are integrated circuit chips pre-installed
inside the computer.

PCMCIA Network Card

Infra Red
IrDA provides specifications for a complete set of protocols for
wireless infrared communications and the name "IrDA" also
refers to that set of protocols. The main reason for using IrDA
had been wireless data transfer over the last one meter
using point and shoot principles.

A wireless network
interface controller (WNIC)
is a network interface
controller which connects to
a radio-based computer
network rather than a wirebased network such as Token
Ring or Ethernet. A WNIC,
just like other NICs, works on
the Layer 1 and Layer 2 of
the OSI Model. A WNIC is an
essential component for
wireless desktop computer.
This card uses an antenna to
communicate through
microwaves.

Wireless

Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a proprietary
open wireless technology
standard for exchanging data
over short distances (using
short-wavelength radio
transmissions in the ISM
band from 24002480 MHz)
from fixed and mobile
devices, creating personal
area networks (PANs) with
high levels of security.

Installing Peripherals
Computer peripherals are additional computer
equipment required for the purpose - other
purposes. For example, network connections,
print, or take pictures. Peripherals include
Printer, Scanner, Modem, Network Card, and so
forth. Installation includes the installation of
physical peripherals and software installation.
Physical installation includes the installation of
peripherals with the good and true, and
installation of peripheral software includes the
introduction of the operating system is to install
the necessary drivers.

Installing Printer
Printer installation steps:
Plug the printer cable to the printer and parallel port
connectors male / USB port connector on the
computer.
Make sure the printer cartridge is installed correctly.
Connect the printer to the electricity net-jalla
And make sure the printer is there ativitas (catrigde
move).
Until this step the installation of physical peripherals
already completed.
Next live installation for the installation of driver
software.

In the driver installation, usually in the Windows XP operating

system will automatically run the driver installation file. Steps steps are as follows:
- Enter the default printer driver CD is, in practice this is to be
installed printer Canon BJC-2100 printer.
- Once the CD inserted, Windows will automatically run an
executable file and will display a dialog box
- After that press the Next button, to confirm that you will
install the driver. And after that dialog box will appear.
- Click the Start button to begin the installation process by
selecting the option Printer Driver.
- After copying the file's finished, a dialog box like the image
below.
- For further press the Manual Selection to select the port to
be used. And after that a dialog box will appear
- After the port selection is complete, press the Next button
and the installation will be completed and the printer is
ready for use.

Installing Scanner
Installation steps scanner driver:
o Insert the CD driver scaner, in this case will be exemplified
scanner is CanoScan Scanner 3200/3200F.
o The next step will select the language used in the
installation process.
o Next is to choose the software that is installed in this
software to take images captured by a scanner.
o After dialog box appears as shown above, and select Install
the software, it will display a dialog box
o In dialog box, users can select the software to be installed
and the software will not install. Then click the Start
Installation button.
o After that just follow the prompt that appears. And after
completion of the installation, the scanner is ready for use.

Post-Assembly Initial Procedures

This procedure describes system tests that you
should perform after setting up a system or
completing a computer assembly. Using this
procedure will help you to verify that you have
completed your assembly successfully and that
all the various components in your system are
working properly.

Procedure Steps:
1. Check LEDs
Check the power LED and the turbo LED (if connected).
Both should be on. You should also see the hard disk LED
come on during the boot process, when the BIOS is doing
its testing, but it may not. You may want to try reversing
the leads of the hard disk LED if it does not light up, but
you may also want to wait until you are sure the hard disk
is in action.
2. Check Hard Disk Drive
The hard disk should be spinning.
3. Check Fans
Make sure that the power supply fan, CPU fan, and any
other fans in the system are all spinning and not
obstructed.

4. Test Optical Drive Mechanism

Press the eject button on the CD-ROM to test if the drive has
power and the tray is working.
5. Check System Configuration (during next bootup)
In the next step you will reset the system. While the system is
rebooting, carefully check the system configuration screen that the
BIOS displays. Make sure that all the storage devices, serial and
parallel ports and other devices are listed. Check the listed total
for the system memory and make sure that it is correct. Make
sure the processor's listed speed is correct. Reset the system a
second time if necessary (the screen may scroll past too fast).
6. Test Reset Button
Press the reset button and reboot the system.
7. Test Keylock
If your system has a keylock, test it by turning it to the locked
position and rebooting. You should get an error message saying
that they keyboard is locked. Unlock the case.

After the system has been running for at least 10 minutes, continue
with these steps :
8. Turn System Off
Turn the power to the system off.
9. Ground Yourself
Touch the outside of the metal box of the power supply to ensure
that you are grounded.
10. Check Temperature of Processor, Memory and Cache Chips
Carefully touch the metal of the heat sink near where it attaches
to the processor, or the edge of the processor itself. It should be
warm but not too hot to the touch. Repeat for the memory chips,
and the cache chips on the motherboard or cache module.
11. Check Temperature of Hard Disk
The middle of the hard disk may be warm, but should definitely
not be hot (in fact, it will normally be not much above room
temperature).

Summary

If you have purchased all the necessary

hardware your are ready assemble your PC.
Before unpacking your components from its
original anti-static bags you must put on your
anti-static wrist strap, which will discharge your
self.
It is important that you discharge yourself or
there is a danger that you can damage your
components by anti-static shock by touching the
components.
If you don't have an anti-static wrist strap you
can discharge your self by touching the metal
edges of your ATX case, although this is not
ideal.

Exercise
1.
2.
3.

Before assemble your components, what must

to do ?
Describe how to assemble a mainboard step by
step !
Describe how to assemble a processor step by
step !

References
http://www.ehow.com/list_6936517_types-computer-peripherals.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode_reader
http://www.idteck.com/support/
http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/biometrics/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storage
Computer Storage Peripherals By Daniel Foster, eHow Contributor , last
updated April 16, 2012
http://www.ehow.com/list_6741538_examples-computer
peripherals.html#ixzz1vBKPaNyp
http://jakartacity12.blogspot.com/2012/02/what-is-meaning-modem.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Data_Association
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth
http://www.pcguide.com/proc/pcassy/index.htm
www.wikibooks.com
www.en.wikipedia.org
www.google.com