8406 Steam turbines & other vapour turbines, parts

Indian Standards
IS 14198 : Part Rules for Steam Turbine Thermal Acceptance Tests - Part 1 :
Active
1 : 1994
Method A - High Accuracy for Large Condensing Steam Turbines
IS 14198 : Part
Rules for Steam Turbines Thermal Acceptance Tests
2 : 1994

Standards
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
ASME PTC 6-2004
Performance Test Code 6 on Steam Turbines
This code may be used for testing of steam
turbines operating either with a significant
amount of superheat in the initial steam
(typically fossil fueled units) or predominantly
within the moisture region (typically nuclear
fueled units). This code contains rules and
procedures for the conduct and reporting of
steam turbine testing, including mandatory
requirements for pretest arrangements,
instruments to be employed, their application
and methods of measurement, testing
techniques, and methods of calculation of test
results. The performance parameters which
may be determined from a Code test include:
(a) heat rate, (b) generator output; (c) steam
flow, (d) steam rate, (e) feedwater flow. It also
contains procedures and techniques required
to determine enthalpy valves within the
moisture region and modifications necessary to
permit testing within the restrictions of
ASME PTC 6A-2000
Performance Test Code Steam Turbines, Appendix
Facilitates the calculation and correction of
turbine test results by furnishing numerical
examples of the procedures outlined in the Test

Active

Code for Steam Turbines (PTC 6-1996). The

feedwater heating cycles and gland leakoff
systems have been simplified by avoiding
unnecessarily long or repetitive calculations
while still demonstrating the basic principles
involved.
ASME PTC 6S-1988 (R2003)
Performance Test Code Steam Turbines, Simplified Procedures for Routine Tests
The test procedures of this Report are intended
for periodic turbine tests and do not supplant
the Code (PTC 6) as the basic procedure for
turbine acceptance tests. The Code is used for
the accurate testing of steam turbines to obtain
performance level with minimum uncertainty.
Sections 3 through 5 of this Report present
general recommendations for instrumentation
and test planning. These recommendations are
based on current industry practice for the
periodic determination of turbine-cycle
performance. Section 6 discusses
interpretation of test results and shows typical
plots of test data for analysis of turbine
performance. Sections 7 through 12 present
test procedures for selected types of turbine
cycles. Each of these procedures contains
specific recommendations for instrumentation
and method for testing a selected turbine type.
ASME TDP-1 1998
Recommended Practices for the Prevention of Water Damage to Steam Turbines
Used for Electric Power Generation
ASME PTC 6S - 1988
Procedures for Routine Performance Test of Steam Turbines
ASME PTC 6 REPORT 1985
Guidance for Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty in Performance Tests of
Steam Turbines

IEEE Standards
IEEE 122-1992 (R2003)
Recommended Practice for Functional Performance Characteristics of Control
Systems for Steam Turbine Generator Units
Recommends functional and performance
characteristics related to speed/load-control
systems for steam turbine-generator units that
may be interconnected on a power system,
such that this recommended practice may be
included in prime-mover purchase
specifications.

IEC Standards
IEC 60953-1 Ed. 1.0 b:1990
Rules for steam turbine thermal acceptance tests.
Part 1: Method A - High accuracy for large condensing steam turbines
Specifies very accurate testing of steam turbines to obtain the
level of performance with minimum measuring uncertainty.
Defines uniform rules for preparing and carrying out an
evaluation of the acceptance tests. Defines also the conditions
under which the acceptance tests shall take place. The cost
for conducting this test method will generally be justified
economically for large and/or proptotype units.
IEC 60953-2 Ed. 1.0 b:1990
Rules for steam turbine thermal acceptance tests.
Part 2: Method B - Wide range of accuracy for various types and sizes of turbines
Provides for acceptance tests of steam turbines of various
types and capacities with appropriate measuring uncertainty.
Only the relevant portion of these rules will apply to any
individual case. The resulting measuring uncertainty of the test
result is determined by calculating methods presented in this
standard.
IEC 60953-3 Ed. 1.0 b:2001
Rules for steam turbine thermal acceptance tests Part 3: Thermal performance verification tests of retrofitted steam turbines
"This part of IEC 60953, also called ""retrofit code"" (RC),
establishes a supplementary retrofit code for thermal

verification tests of retrofitted steam turbines."

IEC 61064 Ed. 1.0 b:1991
Acceptance tests for steam turbine speed control systems
Contains recommendations for the conduct of tests of speed
control systems of steam turbines. Applies primarily to
constant speed steam turbines but may be applied where
appropriate for other types of turbines. The purpose of the
tests described in this publication is to verify the criteria
guaranteed by the manufacturer and to check compliance with
IEC 60045-1.
IEC/TS 61370 Ed. 1.0 b:2002
Steam turbines - Steam purity
"Describes the importance of the chemical characteristics of
steam supplied to steam turbines and the need to prevent
corrosion and deposition in steam space, in order to minimize
the risk of turbine corrosion failures or loss of efficiency or
output. Is applicable to turbines of all electrical output rating
and any exhaust condition, i.e. condensing or back pressure. It
is designed for new plant, but may be adapted for use on
existing plant. The limits described in this specification are
specifically designed to protect the steam turbine. This
specification is applicable to steam turbines driven from any
source, except geothermal plants in which the turbine is fed
direct from the geothermal sources."

Federal Programmes and mandates for steam turbines

U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory "Coal and
Power Systems: Turbines"
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/turbines/index.html
This site explores the Turbine Program of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE)
Office of Fossil Energy (FE). It provides information about NETL's Turbine
Program and its goals, current projects and solicitations, and performance targets
of on-going projects.
U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory "Turbine
Program: Enabling Near-Zero Emission Coal-Based Power Generation" (June
2005)

http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/turbines/refshelf/brochures/Broc
hure%209-19-05.pdf
This document delineates todays U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Turbine
Program being
implemented by the DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). The
Turbine Program
leverages the knowledge gained in making unprecedented advances in natural
gas-fueled turbine
technology under the highly successful, predecessor Advanced Turbine Systems
(ATS) Program.
This knowledge will be applied to support DOE efforts to develop and deploy
near-zero emission
(including carbon dioxide) coal-based energy plants capable of producing both
electricity and hydrogen.
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, "How Gas Turbine Power
Plants Work"
http://fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/turbines/turbines_howitworks.ht
ml
A simple cycle gas turbine can achieve energy conversion efficiencies ranging
between 20 and 35 percent. With the higher temperatures achieved in the Energy
Department's turbine program, future hydrogen and syngas fired gas turbine
combined cycle plants are likely to achieve efficiencies of 60 percent or more.
When waste heat is captured from these systems for heating or industrial
purposes, the overall energy cycle efficiency could approach 80 percent.
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, "The Turbines of Tomorrow"
http://fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/turbines/index.html
The Energy Department's Fossil Energy Program is developing key technologies
that will enable advanced turbines to operate cleanly and efficiently when fueled
with coal derived synthesis gas and hydrogen fuels. Developing this turbine
technology is critical to the creation of near-zero emission power generation
technologies. This will assist with the deployment of FutureGen plants that couple
production of hydrogen and electricity from coal with sequestration of the carbon
dioxide that is produced.

Monitoring Requirements for Combustion Turbines (US Environmental Protection

Agency)
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-MEETINGS/2001/August/Day-24/m21444.htm