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The Internet of Things (IoT) is the interconnection of uniquely identifiable emb
edded computing devices within the existing Internet infrastructure.
Quality of service (QoS) is the overall performance of a telephony or computer n
etwork, particularly the performance seen by the users of the network.
A wireless sensor network (WSN) of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to m
onitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressur
e, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main locat
ion.
Quality of Service (QoS) for networks is an industry-wide set of standards and m
echanisms for ensuring high-quality performance for critical applications. By us
ing QoS mechanisms, network administrators can use existing resources efficientl
y and ensure the required level of service without reactively expanding or overprovisioning their networks.
Traditionally, the concept of quality in networks meant that all network traffic
was treated equally. The result was that all network traffic received the netwo
rk s best effort, with no guarantees for reliability, delay, variation in delay, o
r other performance characteristics. With best-effort delivery service, however,
a single bandwidth-intensive application can result in poor or unacceptable per
formance for all applications. The QoS concept of quality is one in which the re
quirements of some applications and users are more critical than others, which m
eans that some traffic needs preferential treatment.
QoS Concepts
The goal of QoS is to provide preferential delivery service for the applications
that need it by ensuring sufficient bandwidth, controlling latency and jitter,
and reducing data loss. The following table describes these network characterist
ics.
Network Characteristics Managed by QoS
Network Characteristic Description
Bandwidth
The rate at which traffic is carried by the network.
Latency
The delay in data transmission from source to destination.
Jitter
The variation in latency.
Reliability
The percentage of packets discarded by a router.
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) defines two major models for QoS on I
P-based networks: Integrated Services (Intserv) and Differentiated Services (Dif
fserv). These models encompass several categories of mechanisms that provide pre
ferential treatment to specified traffic. The following table describes the thre
e general categories of QoS mechanisms.
Note
Different versions of Windows support different combinations of these mechanisms
. Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 do not support resource reservation.
Category of QoS Mechanisms
Description
Admission control
Determine which applications and users are entitled to network resources. These
mechanisms specify how, when, and by whom network resources on a network segment

(subnet) can be used.

Traffic control
Regulate data flows by classifying, scheduling, and marking packets based on pri
ority and by shaping traffic (smoothing bursts of traffic by limiting the rate o
f flow). Traffic control mechanisms segregate traffic into service classes and c
ontrol delivery to the network. The service class assigned to a traffic flow det
ermines the QoS treatment the traffic receives.
The Intserv model integrates resource reservation and traffic control mechanisms
to support special handling of individual traffic flows. The Diffserv model use
s traffic control to support special handling of aggregated traffic flows.
Uses and Benefits of QoS
Network administrators can use QoS to guarantee throughput for mission-critical
applications so that their transactions can be processed in an acceptable amount
of time. Network administrators can also use QoS to manage User Data Protocol (
UDP) traffic. Unlike Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), UDP is an inherently u
nreliable protocol that does not receive feedback from the network and, therefor
e, cannot detect network congestion. Network administrators can use QoS to manag
e the priority of applications that rely on UDP, such as multimedia applications
, so that they have the required bandwidth even in times of network congestion,
but do not overwhelm the network.
QoS provides the following benefits:
Gives administrators control over network resources and allows them to manage th
e network from a business, rather than a technical, perspective.
Ensures that time-sensitive and mission-critical applications have the resources
they require, while allowing other applications access to the network.
Improves user experience.
Reduces costs by using existing resources efficiently, thereby delaying or reduc
ing the need for expansion or upgrades.