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Chilocorus stigma (Say)

(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Twice-stabbed ladybeetle
by Kirsten Fondren, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
MI 48823
Nearly all species in the genus Chilocorus are predaceous on scale insects, although some
will accept aphids or adelgids as prey (Gordon 1985). Most species are tropical, but seven
species of Chilocorus are native to the United States. Two species, C. kuwanae and C.
bipustulatus, have been introduced for biological control. However, the native Chilocorus
stigma is the only one that occurs in most of the United States. It does not occur west of
the Sierra Nevada. C. stigma is synonymous with C. bivulnerus Mulsant.

Appearance
C. stigma adults appear shiny black with a large red spot in the center of each elytron.
Adults average 3.75-5.0 mm in length. The body is completely black except for the
abdomen, which is yellow or red. A few other native Chilocorus species closely resemble
C. stigma, but for the most part they are found in California where C. stigma does not
occur (Gordon 1985). The introduced species C. kuwanae appears similar but can be
distinguished by the appearance of the spot on its wings (see page on C. kuwanae). Larvae
are black or grey and spiny in appearance. Eggs are small (about 1.1 mm long), orange,
and laid on their sides either singly or in small groups (Muma 1955).

Habitat
Chilocorus species typically prefer arboreal habitats. They have been identified as
beneficial natural enemies in orchards, tree plantations, and forests. In Michigan, C. stigma
is often found in Christmas tree plantations, and forests where scale insect infestations are
found.

Pests Attacked
The genus Chilocorus consists mostly of armored scale insect predators. C. stigma is an
omnivorous predator of several scale insects, aphids, and mealybugs (Muma 1955). It has
been reported often as a predator of the pine needle scale (Chionaspis pinifoliae)
(Cumming 1953, Neilsen and Johnson 1973, DeBoo and Weidhaas 1976). It has been
observed attacking beech bark scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga) in Michigan. Muma (1955)

found it associated with the Florida red scale (Chrysomphalus aonidum) in citrus groves.

Life Cycle
C. stigma completes two generations in the northern U.S. (DeBoo and Weidhaas 1976). In
Florida, it can complete several generations a year (Muma 1955). In cold areas,
overwintering adults become active in early spring (April or May). Mating begins shortly
and continues for about three weeks. Eggs are laid soon afterwards. Larvae emerge in late
May and undergo four instars before pupating (Muma 1955). DeBoo and Weidhaas (1976)
observed that in New York State, the overwintering adults continue to feed through June
and early July, after first generation larvae have hatched. First generation adults mature in
early to mid July. Mating and oviposition continue as before, and second generation larvae
are observed beginning in mid July through early August. Adults emerge in midsummer
and overwinter in ground litter.
Top: Adult C. stigma
Relative Effectiveness
Some workers report that C. stigma can be a highly effective predator of pine needle scale
(DeBoo and Weidhaas 1976). Cumming (1953) states that C. stigma greatly reduced
populations of pine needle scale in localized areas of Saskatchewan. Others dispute the
claim that it is important in the absence of other predators (Muma 1955). Cooper and
Crenshaw (1999) found it only rarely associated with the pine needle scale in north central
Colorado. Its impact on the beech bark scale in Michigan is not yet known.

Pesticide Susceptibility
Like most beneficial insects, C. stigma is susceptible to broad-spectrum insecticides. Using
alternative control treatments such as dormant or horticultural oils may be less harmful to
the lady beetles.

Conservation
Avoiding or reducing the use of broad-spectrum insecticides will help conserve beneficial
natural enemies such as C. stigma. Preserving refuges such as windbreaks or forested
edges will give C. stigma a place to survive and recolonize scale-infested fields or orchards
after disturbances. In Christmas tree plantations, selective spraying of the most severely
infested individual trees near market, when possible, is one way to conserve natural
enemies (DeBoo and Weidhaas 1976).

Middle: Damage by C.
stigma to pine needle scale
Bottom: C. stigma larva,
4th instar.
Photos: K. Fondren

Commercial Availability
Currently C. stigma is not commercially available in the United States. Developing an
efficient and productive rearing method for C. stigma could be an important contribution to
biological control or integrated pest management programs.

References
Cooper, D.D. and W.S. Crenshaw. 1999. The natural enemy complex associated with the
pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) (Homoptera; Diaspididae), in North
Central Colorado. J. Kan. Ent. Soc. 72(1):131-133.
Cumming, M.E.P. 1953. Notes on the life history and seasonal development of the pine
needle scale, Phenacaspis pinifoliae (Fitch). Can. Entomol. 89(9): 347-352
DeBoo, R.F. and J.A. Weidhaas, Jr. 1976. Studies on the predation of pine needle scale,
Phenacaspis pinifoliae Fitch, by the coccinellid, Chilocorus stigma Say. Plantation
research: XIV. Report CC-X-119. Chemical Control Research Institute, Canadian Forestry
Service, Department of the Environment, Ottawa, Ontario.
Gordon, R.D. 1985. The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America North of Mexico. J. New
York Ent. Soc. 93(1).
Muma, M.H. 1955. Some ecological studies on the twice-stabbed lady beetle Chilocorus
stigma (Say). Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 48:493-498.
Nielsen, D.G. and N.E. Johnson 1973. Contribution to the life history and dynamics of the
pine needle scale, Phenacaspis pinifoliae, in central New York. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 66: 3443

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Subphylum
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Chilocorus stigma
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Artrpode,
arthropodes,
arthropods
Hexapoda hexapods
Insecta insects,
hexapoda, inseto,
insectes
Pterygota insects
ails, winged insects
Neoptera modern,
wing-folding insects
Holometabola
Coleoptera Linnaeus,
1758 beetles,
coloptres, besouro
Polyphaga Emery,
1886
Cucujiformia Lameere,
1938
Cucujoidea Latreille,
1802
Coccinellidae Latreille,
1807 ladybird
beetles, coccinelles
Chilocorinae Mulsant,
1846
Chilocorus Leach,
1815
Chilocorus
stigma (Say, 1835)
twicestabbed lady
beetle, coccinelle
stigma

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/27/2009
Habitat: Building
Location: Andover Massachusetts United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 9/3/2009
Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Garden City New York United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/10/2009
Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Boston Massachusetts United States


View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma,
Date spotted: 7/12/2009
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Savannah Missouri United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/25/2008
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Boulder Colorado United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma

Date spotted: 4/22/2008

Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Pelerin New Brunswick Canada

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 8/4/2008
Habitat: Building
Location: Douglassville Pennsylvania United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 6/3/2009
Habitat: Meadow/Grass/Weed (NOT Hay/Forage/Crops - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Rockland Maine United States

View photo

Species: Chilocorus stigma

Date spotted: 6/8/2009
Habitat: Building
Location: West Babylon New York United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 6/9/2009
Habitat: Building
Location: West Babylon New York United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 10/25/2009
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Southbury Connecticut United States


View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 11/2/2009
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Walton Park New York United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/24/2009
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Pelerin New Brunswick Canada

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/2/2010
Habitat: Water/Shore

Location: Bethlehem Pennsylvania United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/11/2010
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Greenwich Connecticut United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/4/2010
Habitat: Building
Location: Big Flats New York United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/26/2010

Habitat: Bushes/Shrubs
Location: Saint Marys Georgia United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/15/2010
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Ithaca New York United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/16/2010
Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Walpole New Hampshire United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/25/2010
Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Blanco Texas United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/24/2009
Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Kent New Brunswick Canada

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/25/2010
Habitat: Building
Location: East Providence Rhode Island United States


View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 3/20/2011
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Greensboro Alabama United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 3/25/2011
Habitat: Bushes/Shrubs
Location: Ocean Springs Mississippi United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/9/2011

Habitat: Meadow/Grass/Weed (NOT Hay/Forage/Crops - Use Ag Field Crop)

Location: Milton Florida United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/13/2011
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Athol Massachusetts United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/18/2011
Habitat: Building
Location: Bay City Michigan United States

View photo

Species: Chilocorus stigma

Date spotted: 5/18/2011
Habitat: Building
Location: Bay City Michigan United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/18/2011
Habitat: Building
Location: Bay City Michigan United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/19/2011
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Myrtle Beach South Carolina United States


View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 9/30/2010
Habitat: Meadow/Grass/Weed (NOT Hay/Forage/Crops - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Durham North Carolina United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/30/2011
Habitat: Building
Location: Exeter Rhode Island United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/24/2011
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)

Location: Medford Massachusetts United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/6/2011
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Stoneham Massachusetts United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 6/25/2011
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Velma Oklahoma United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/18/2011

Habitat: Building
Location: Dalton Pennsylvania United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/23/2011
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Pelerin New Brunswick Canada

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 10/4/2011
Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Coral Gables Florida United States

View photo

Species: Chilocorus stigma

Date spotted: 11/4/2011
Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Old Town Maine United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 2/22/2012
Habitat: Building
Location: Pensacola Florida United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 2/9/2012
Habitat: Building
Location: Walt Disney World Florida United States


View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 3/3/2012
Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Apalachicola Florida United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 3/12/2012
Habitat: Building
Location: Disney World Florida United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma

Date spotted: 3/18/2012

Habitat: Ag Field Crop
Location: Coalmont Tennessee United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 3/21/2012
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Foster Rhode Island United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/5/2012
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Palmetto Bay Florida United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/11/2012
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Palmetto Bay Florida United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/19/2012
Habitat: Building
Location: Greenville Pennsylvania United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/20/2012
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Palmetto Bay Florida United States


View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/17/2012
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: West Boylston Massachusetts United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/18/2012
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Hixson Tennessee United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/18/2012
Habitat: Yard / Backyard

Location: Palmetto Bay Florida United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/20/2012
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Palmetto Bay Florida United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/19/2012
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: West Boylston Massachusetts United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/31/2012

Habitat: Yard / Backyard

Location: Ithaca New York United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 6/8/2012
Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Sewickley Pennsylvania United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 6/20/2012
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Modoc South Carolina United States

View photo

Species: Chilocorus stigma

Date spotted: 6/26/2012
Habitat: Bushes/Shrubs
Location: Santa Fe New Mexico United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/25/2012
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Priest River Idaho United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/11/2012
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Franklin Maine United States


View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/20/2012
Habitat: Meadow/Grass/Weed (NOT Hay/Forage/Crops - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Toronto Ontario Canada

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/28/2012
Habitat: Water/Shore
Location: Whitely Kentucky United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 8/6/2012

Habitat: Yard / Backyard

Location: Hollywood California United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 10/18/2012
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Pisgah New Hampshire United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 10/25/2012
Habitat: Soil/Rocks/Sand (NOT shore)
Location: Chester Vermont United States

View photo

Species: Chilocorus stigma

Date spotted: 3/31/2013
Habitat: Wetlands
Location: Ava Missouri United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/8/2013
Habitat: Building
Location: Unity New Hampshire United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/20/2013
Habitat: Bushes/Shrubs
Location: Hixson Tennessee United States


View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/26/2013
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Palmetto Bay Florida United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/26/2013
Habitat: Building
Location: Durango Colorado United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma

Date spotted: 6/1/2013

Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Hixson Tennessee United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 6/2/2013
Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Oakville Ontario Canada

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 6/11/2013
Habitat: Building
Location: Glen Allen Virginia United States


View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 6/8/2013
Habitat: Building
Location: Exeter Rhode Island United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 6/18/2013
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Colchester Vermont United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/13/2013

Habitat: Building
Location: Rehoboth Massachusetts United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/18/2013
Habitat: Bushes/Shrubs
Location: Purcellville Virginia United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 8/2/2013
Habitat: Bushes/Shrubs
Location: Troy Illinois United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 8/7/2013
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Troy Indiana United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 8/10/2013
Habitat: Bushes/Shrubs
Location: Troy Illinois United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 8/10/2013
Habitat: Bushes/Shrubs
Location: Troy Illinois United States


View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 8/10/2013
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Walla Walla Washington United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 8/10/2013
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Walla Walla Washington United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma

Date spotted: 9/6/2013

Habitat: Meadow/Grass/Weed (NOT Hay/Forage/Crops - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Bozeman Montana United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 9/29/2013
Habitat: Building
Location: Spiritwood Saskatchewan Canada

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 3/21/2014
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Meridian Idaho United States


View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/24/2014
Habitat: Water/Shore
Location: Milton Florida United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 4/14/2014
Habitat: Soil/Rocks/Sand (NOT shore)
Location: Ithaca New York United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/14/2014

Habitat: Building
Location: Ithaca New York United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/14/2014
Habitat: Meadow/Grass/Weed (NOT Hay/Forage/Crops - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Hixson Tennessee United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/23/2014
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Hixson Tennessee United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma

Date spotted: 5/24/2014

Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Hixson Tennessee United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/24/2014
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Hixson Tennessee United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 5/31/2014
Habitat: Water/Shore
Location: Depew New York United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 6/15/2014
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Buxton Maine United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 6/28/2014
Habitat: Yard / Backyard
Location: Helena Montana United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/11/2014
Habitat: Bushes/Shrubs
Location: Vancouver British Columbia Canada


View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 7/25/2014
Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Sparta New Jersey United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 8/7/2014
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Mountain Iron Minnesota United States

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 10/3/2014

Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)

Location: Mont-Royal Quebec Canada

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 10/3/2014
Habitat: Woods/Tree (NOT Orchards - Use Ag Field Crop)
Location: Mont-Royal Quebec Canada

View photo
Species: Chilocorus stigma
Date spotted: 10/9/2014
Habitat: Garden (Vegetable or Flower)
Location: Hixson Tennessee United States
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Home INSECTS
Twice-stabbed Lady Beetle (Chilocorus stigma)

Twice-stabbed Lady Beetle

Chilocorus stigma
(Order: Coleoptera, Family: Coccinellidae)

Chilocorus stigma and nest (photo taken by: Huan Huanlia)

(Kansas: Sedgewick Co. 17th & Holyoke St. 3742'55.03"N, 9717'52.49"W. On tree branch.
October 7, 2013)

Adult Diagnosis: Like any other lady beetle, this species can be identified by its oval elytra
shape (nearly hemispherical). The color of elytra is shiny black, with one red spot on each
elytra the word stigma means a blood spot. The size of adult is 3.8mm to 5.0 mm. The
abdomen is yellow or red in color. Theres no obvious sexual dimorphism in the species. The
female tends to be larger than the male. The larvae of this beetle are spiny (spines within
spines) and black in color.

Abdomen (Left) and dorsal view (right) of Chilocorus stigmata (photo by:
http://bugguide.net/node/view/561/bgimage?from=0)

Larva of Chilocorus stigma (photo by: http://bugguide.net/node/view/124148)

Natural History: The adult move from tree to tree in search for prey. Approximately half of
the beetle's time is spent resting (most probably for digesting) and the remaining half is spent to
search for prey and feeding. Besides hunger, the resting period also depends on temperature of
the environment.
This lady beetle completes two generations in the Northern US and Canada. In some parts of
the country such as in Florida, it may complete several generations in a year. Overwintering
adults are active in the spring. Eggs are laid singly under the shells of scale insects and under
the edges of tree bark. Larvae emerge in late May, and undergo 4 instars before pupating. It
remains dormant in pupae state for 2 weeks.
Like other coccinelids, this lady beetle display close synchrony with the prey. They reproduce
when population of their prey are increasing, and hibernate when the prey is dormant.

This species was introduced as biological control of aphids and scaly insects that can damage
plants.
The red coloring is a sign of toxicity or distastefulness to the predator.

Chilocorus stigma and pupae clusters (photo taken by: Huan Huanlia)
(Kansas: Sedgewick Co. 17th & Holyoke St. 3742'55.03"N, 9717'52.49"W. October 7,
2013)

Distribution: This species is mainly distributed in eastern part of the United States, ranging
west to Alberta and Arizona (but not too far west).

Distribution of Chilocorus stigma in the USA (map generated by Google Earth via gbif.org
portal http://www.gbif.org/species/1043494)

Distribution of Chilocorus stigma in the Kansas(map provided by Encyclopedia of Life - via

gbif.org portal http://www.gbif.org/species/1043494)

Habitat: Found mostly in deciduous trees, especially medium-sized trees. They are found in
high frequency where there's high amount of scaly insects.
Diet: They are carnivorous, feeding mainly on small insects, such as aphids, mealybugs and
scaled insects that attack pine needles in Christmas tree plants, as well as pest of citrus and
beech trees. An adult has been observed to eat 50 birch aphid eggs daily.

Conservation Status: Stable.

Video:
Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/aking1/4915382492/

Winter Activity of Chilocorus stigma: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGmTyieGp8o

Links:
Bug Guide: http://bugguide.net/node/view/561
Wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilocorus_stigma
Eastern Lady Beetles Blog: Twice-stabbed Lady Beetle, and not so twice-stabbed:
http://www.easternladybeetles.com/blog/?p=47

References:
Acorn J. 2007. Ladybugs of Alberta: Finding the Spots and Connecting the Dots. The
University of Alberta Press. 1st Ed. Pp 103.
Cooper D, Cranshaw W. LIFE HISTORY OF THE PINE NEEDLE SCALE, CHIONASPIS
PINIFOLIAE (FITCH), IN NORTHEASTERN COLORADO. Southwestern Entomologist
[serial online]. March 2005;30(1):55-60. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich,
MA. Accessed November 10, 2013.
Eaton ER, Kaufman K. 2007. Beetles. In: Kaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America.
Pp 156.
Feinstein J. 2011. Field Guide to Urban Wildlife. Stackpole Books. 1st Ed. Pp 341.
Fondren K. Biological Control. Cornell University: College of Agriculture and Life Science.
Department of Entomology. Accessed: November 10, 2013.
http://www.biocontrol.entomology.cornell.edu/predators/Chilocoruss.html
Meyer M, Allen DC. Chilocorus stigma (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and other predators of
Beech Scale in New York City. Research on Beech Bark Disease: Biological Control
Relationship. Pg. 89-98. Accessed: November 12, 2013.
http://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/gtr/gtr_wo37/18_mayer_wo37.pdf

 Tomentose burying beetle (Nicrophorus tomentosus) up Velvet Ant or Cow Killer

(Dasymutilla)

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