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CHAPTERV.
1.Thesages,havingheardthedutiesofaSnatakathusdeclared,spoketogreatsouledBhrigu,who
sprangfromfire:
2.'HowcanDeathhavepoweroverBrahmanaswhoknowthesacredscience,theVeda,(and)whofulfil
theirdutiesastheyhavebeenexplained(bythee),OLord?'
3.RighteousBhrigu,thesonofManu,(thus)answeredthegreatsages:'Hear,(inpunishment)ofwhat
faultsDeathseekstoshortenthelivesofBrahmanas!'
4.'ThroughneglectoftheVedastudy,throughdeviationfromtheruleofconduct,throughremissness(in
thefulfilmentofduties),andthroughfaults(committedbyeatingforbidden)food,Deathbecomeseager
toshortenthelivesofBrahmanas.'
5.Garlic,leeksandonions,mushroomsand(allplants),springingfromimpure(substances),areunfitto
beeatenbytwicebornmen.
6.Oneshouldcarefullyavoidredexudationsfromtreesand(juices)flowingfromincisions,theSelu
(fruit),andthethickenedmilkofacow(whichshegivesaftercalving).
7.Riceboiledwithsesamum,wheatmixedwithbutter,milkandsugar,milkriceandflourcakeswhich
arenotpreparedforasacrifice,meatwhichhasnotbeensprinkledwithwaterwhilesacredtextswere
recited,foodofferedtothegodsandsacrificialviands,
8.Themilkofacow(orotherfemaleanimal)withintendaysafterhercalving,thatofcamels,ofone
hoofedanimals,ofsheep,ofacowinheat,orofonethathasnocalfwithher,
9.(Themilk)ofallwildanimalsexceptingbuffalocows,thatofwomen,andall(substancesturned)sour
mustbeavoided.
10.Among(thingsturned)sour,sourmilk,andall(food)preparedofitmaybeeaten,likewisewhatis
extractedfrompureflowers,roots,andfruit.
11.Lethimavoidallcarnivorousbirdsandthoselivinginvillages,andonehoofedanimalswhichare
notspeciallypermitted(tobeeaten),andtheTittibha(ParraJacana),
12.Thesparrow,thePlava,theHamsa,theBrahmaniduck,thevillagecock,theSarasacrane,the
Raggudala,thewoodpecker,theparrot,andthestarling,
13.Thosewhichfeedstrikingwiththeirbeaks,webfootedbirds,theKoyashti,thosewhichscratchwith
theirtoes,thosewhichdiveandliveonfish,meatfromaslaughterhouseanddriedmeat,
14.TheBakaandtheBalakacrane,theraven,theKhangaritaka,(animals)thateatfish,villagepigs,and
allkindsoffishes.
15.Hewhoeatsthefleshofany(animal)iscalledtheeaterofthefleshofthat(particularcreature),he
whoeatsfishisaneaterofevery(kindof)fleshlethimthereforeavoidfish.
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16.(Butthefishcalled)Pathinaand(thatcalled)Rohitamaybeeaten,ifusedforofferingstothegodsor
tothemanes(onemayeat)likewiseRagivas,Simhatundas,andSasalkasonall(occasions).
17.Lethimnoteatsolitaryorunknownbeastsandbirds,thoughtheymayfallunder(thecategoriesof)
eatable(creatures),noranyfivetoed(animals).
18.Theporcupine,thehedgehog,theiguana,therhinoceros,thetortoise,andtheharetheydeclaretobe
eatablelikewisethose(domesticanimals)thathaveteethinonejawonly,exceptingcamels.
19.Atwicebornmanwhoknowinglyeatsmushrooms,avillagepig,garlic,avillagecock,onions,or
leeks,willbecomeanoutcast.
20.Hewhounwittinglypartakesof(anyof)thesesix,shallperformaSamtapana(Krikkhra)orthelunar
penance(Kandrayana)ofasceticsincase(hewhohaseaten)anyother(kindofforbiddenfood)heshall
fastforoneday(andanight).
21.OnceayearaBrahmanamustperformaKrikkhrapenance,inordertoatoneforunintentionally
eating(forbiddenfood)butforintentionally(eatingforbiddenfoodhemustperformthepenances
prescribed)specially.
22.Beastsandbirdsrecommended(forconsumption)maybeslainbyBrahmanasforsacrifices,andin
ordertofeedthosewhomtheyareboundtomaintainforAgastyadidthisofold.
23.Forinancient(times)thesacrificialcakeswere(madeoftheflesh)ofeatablebeastsandbirdsatthe
sacrificesofferedbyBrahmanasandKshatriyas.
24.Alllawfulhardorsoftfoodmaybeeaten,thoughstale,(afterhavingbeen)mixedwithfatty
(substances),andsomaytheremainsofsacrificialviands.
25.Butallpreparationsofbarleyandwheat,aswellaspreparationsofmilk,maybeeatenbytwiceborn
menwithoutbeingmixedwithfatty(substances),thoughtheymayhavestoodforalongtime.
26.Thushasthefood,allowedandforbiddentotwicebornmen,beenfullydescribedIwillnow
propoundtherulesforeatingandavoidingmeat.
27.Onemayeatmeatwhenithasbeensprinkledwithwater,whileMantraswererecited,when
Brahmanasdesire(one'sdoingit),whenoneisengaged(intheperformanceofarite)accordingtothe
law,andwhenone'slifeisindanger.
28.TheLordofcreatures(Pragapati)createdthiswhole(worldtobe)thesustenanceofthevitalspirit
boththeimmovableandthemovable(creationis)thefoodofthevitalspirit.
29.Whatisdestituteofmotionisthefoodofthoseendowedwithlocomotion(animals)withoutfangs
(arethefood)ofthosewithfangs,thosewithouthandsofthosewhopossesshands,andthetimidofthe
bold.
30.Theeaterwhodailyevendevoursthosedestinedtobehisfood,commitsnosinforthecreator
himselfcreatedboththeeatersandthosewhoaretobeeaten(forthosespecialpurposes).
31.'Theconsumptionofmeat(isbefitting)forsacrifices,'thatisdeclaredtobearulemadebythegods
buttopersist(inusingit)onother(occasions)issaidtobeaproceedingworthyofRakshasas.
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32.Hewhoeatsmeat,whenhehonoursthegodsandmanes,commitsnosin,whetherhehasboughtit,
orhimselfhaskilled(theanimal),orhasreceiveditasapresentfromothers.
33.Atwicebornmanwhoknowsthelaw,mustnoteatmeatexceptinconformitywiththelawforifhe
haseatenitunlawfully,hewill,unabletosavehimself,beeatenafterdeathbyhis(victims).
34.Afterdeaththeguiltofonewhoslaysdeerforgainisnotas(great)asthatofhimwhoeatsmeatfor
no(sacred)purpose.
35.Butamanwho,beingdulyengaged(toofficiateortodineatasacredrite),refusestoeatmeat,
becomesafterdeathananimalduringtwentyoneexistences.
36.ABrahmanamustnevereat(thefleshofanimalsunhallowedbyMantrasbut,obedienttothe
primevallaw,hemayeatit,consecratedwithVedictexts.
37.Ifhehasastrongdesire(formeat)hemaymakeananimalofclarifiedbutteroroneofflour,(andeat
that)butlethimneverseektodestroyananimalwithouta(lawful)reason.
38.Asmanyhairsastheslainbeasthas,sooftenindeedwillhewhokilleditwithouta(lawful)reason
sufferaviolentdeathinfuturebirths.
39.Svayambhu(theSelfexistent)himselfcreatedanimalsforthesakeofsacrificessacrifices(have
beeninstituted)forthegoodofthiswhole(world)hencetheslaughtering(ofbeasts)forsacrificesisnot
slaughtering(intheordinarysenseoftheword).
40.Herbs,trees,cattle,birds,and(other)animalsthathavebeendestroyedforsacrifices,receive(being
reborn)higherexistences.
41.Onofferingthehoneymixture(toaguest),atasacrificeandattheritesinhonourofthemanes,but
ontheseoccasionsonly,mayananimalbeslainthat(rule)Manuproclaimed.
42.Atwicebornmanwho,knowingthetruemeaningoftheVeda,slaysananimalforthesepurposes,
causesbothhimselfandtheanimaltoenteramostblessedstate.
43.Atwicebornmanofvirtuousdisposition,whetherhedwellsin(hisown)house,withateacher,orin
theforest,mustnever,evenintimesofdistress,causeaninjury(toanycreature)whichisnotsanctioned
bytheVeda.
44.Knowthattheinjurytomovingcreaturesandtothosedestituteofmotion,whichtheVedahas
prescribedforcertainoccasions,isnoinjuryatallforthesacredlawshoneforthfromtheVeda.
45.Hewhoinjuresinnoxiousbeingsfromawishto(give)himselfpleasure,neverfindshappiness,
neitherlivingnordead.
46.Hewhodoesnotseektocausethesufferingsofbondsanddeathtolivingcreatures,(but)desiresthe
goodofall(beings),obtainsendlessbliss.
47.Hewhodoesnotinjureany(creature),attainswithoutaneffortwhathethinksof,whathe
undertakes,andwhathefixeshismindon.
48.Meatcanneverbeobtainedwithoutinjurytolivingcreatures,andinjurytosentientbeingsis
detrimentalto(theattainmentof)heavenlyblisslethimthereforeshun(theuseof)meat.
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49.Havingwellconsideredthe(disgusting)originoffleshandthe(crueltyof)fetteringandslaying
corporealbeings,lethimentirelyabstainfromeatingflesh.
50.Hewho,disregardingtherule(givenabove),doesnoteatmeatlikeaPisaka,becomesdeartomen,
andwillnotbetormentedbydiseases.
51.Hewhopermits(theslaughterofananimal),hewhocutsitup,hewhokillsit,hewhobuysorsells
(meat),hewhocooksit,hewhoservesitup,andhewhoeatsit,(mustallbeconsideredas)theslayers
(oftheanimal).
52.Thereisnogreatersinnerthanthat(man)who,thoughnotworshippingthegodsorthemanes,seeks
toincrease(thebulkof)hisownfleshbythefleshofother(beings).
53.Hewhoduringahundredyearsannuallyoffersahorsesacrifice,andhewhoentirelyabstainsfrom
meat,obtainthesamerewardfortheirmeritorious(conduct).
54.Bysubsistingonpurefruitandroots,andbyeatingfoodfitforascetics(intheforest),onedoesnot
gain(sogreat)arewardasbyentirelyavoiding(theuseof)flesh.
55.'Mehe(mamsah)'willdevourinthenext(world),whosefleshIeatinthis(life)thewisedeclare
this(tobe)therealmeaningoftheword'flesh'(mamsah).
56.Thereisnosinineatingmeat,in(drinking)spirituousliquor,andincarnalintercourse,forthatisthe
naturalwayofcreatedbeings,butabstentionbringsgreatrewards.
57.Iwillnowindueorderexplainthepurificationforthedeadandthepurificationofthingsastheyare
prescribedforthefourcastes(varna).
58.When(achild)diesthathasteethed,orthatbeforeteethinghasreceived(thesacramentof)the
tonsure(Kudakarana)or(oftheinitiation),allrelatives(become)impure,andonthebirth(ofachild)the
same(rule)isprescribed.
59.Itisordained(that)amongSapindastheimpurityonaccountofadeath(shalllast)tendays,(or)until
theboneshavebeencollected,(or)threedaysoronedayonly.
60.ButtheSapindarelationshipceaseswiththeseventhperson(intheascendinganddescendinglines),
theSamanodakarelationshipwhenthe(common)originandthe(existenceofacommonfamily)name
areno(longer)known.
61.Asthisimpurityonaccountofadeathisprescribedfor(all)Sapindas,evensoitshallbe(held)ona
birthbythosewhodesiretobeabsolutelypure.
62.(Orwhile)theimpurityonaccountofadeathiscommontoall(Sapindas),thatcausedbyabirth
(falls)ontheparentsalone(or)itshallfallonthemotheralone,andthefathershallbecomepureby
bathing
63.Butaman,havingspenthisstrength,ispurifiedmerelybybathingafterbegettingachild(ona
remarriedfemale),heshallretaintheimpurityduringthreedays.
64.Thosewhohavetouchedacorpsearepurifiedafteronedayandnight(addedto)threeperiodsof
threedaysthosewhogivelibationsofwater,afterthreedays.
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65.ApupilwhoperformsthePitrimedhaforhisdeceasedteacher,becomesalsopureaftertendays,just
likethosewhocarrythecorpseout(totheburialground).
66.(Awoman)ispurifiedonamiscarriageinasmany(daysand)nightsasmonths(elapsedafter
conception),andamenstruatingfemalebecomespurebybathingafterthemenstrualsecretionhasceased
(toflow).
67.(Onthedeath)ofchildrenwhosetonsure(Kudakarman)hasnotbeenperformed,the(Sapindas)are
declaredtobecomepureinone(dayand)night(onthedeath)ofthosewhohavereceivedthetonsure
(butnottheinitiation,thelaw)ordains(that)thepurification(takesplace)afterthreedays.
68.Achildthathasdiedbeforethecompletionofitssecondyear,therelativesshallcarryout(ofthe
village),decked(withflowers,andburyit)inpureground,withoutcollectingthebones(afterwards).
69.Such(achild)shallnotbeburntwithfire,andnolibationsofwatershallbeofferedtoitleavingit
likea(logof)woodintheforest,(therelatives)shallremainimpureduringthreedaysonly.
70.Therelativesshallnotofferlibationsto(achild)thathasnotreachedthethirdyearbutifithadteeth,
ortheceremonyofnamingit(Namakarman)hadbeenperformed,(theofferingofwateris)optional.
71.Ifafellowstudenthasdied,theSmritiprescribesanimpurityofonedayonabirththepurification
oftheSamanodakasisdeclared(totakeplace)afterthree(daysand)nights.
72.(Onthedeath)offemales(betrothedbut)notmarried(thebridegroomandhis)relativesarepurified
afterthreedays,andthepaternalrelativesbecomepureaccordingtothesamerule.
73.Let(mourners)eatfoodwithoutfactitioussalt,batheduringthreedays,abstainfrommeat,andsleep
separateontheground.
74.Theaboveruleregardingimpurityonaccountofadeathhasbeenprescribed(forcaseswherethe
kinsmenlive)near(thedeceased)(Sapinda)kinsmenand(Samanodaka)relativesmustknowthe
followingrule(torefertocaseswheredeceasedlived)atadistance(fromthem).
75.Hewhomayhearthat(arelative)residinginadistantcountryhasdied,beforeten(daysafterhis
deathhaveelapsed),shallbeimpurefortheremainderoftheperiodoften(daysand)nightsonly.
76.Ifthetendayshavepassed,heshallbeimpureduringthree(daysand)nightsbutifayearhas
elapsed(sincetheoccurrenceofthedeath),hebecomespuremerelybybathing.
77.Amanwhohearsofa(Sapinda)relative'sdeath,orofthebirthofasonafterthetendays(of
impurityhavepassed),becomespurebybathing,dressedinhisgarments.
78.Ifaninfant(thathasnotteethed),ora(grownuprelativewhois)notaSapinda,dieinadistant
country,onebecomesatoncepureafterbathinginone'sclothes.
79.Ifwithinthetendays(ofimpurity)anotherbirthordeathhappens,aBrahmanashallremainimpure
onlyuntilthe(first)periodoftendayshasexpired.
80.Theydeclarethat,whentheteacher(akarya)hasdied,theimpurity(lasts)threedaysifthe(teacher's)
sonorwife(isdead,itlasts)adayandanightthatisasettled(rule).
81.ForaSrotriyawhoresideswith(himoutofaffection),amanshallbeimpureforthreedaysfora
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maternaluncle,apupil,anofficiatingpriest,oramaternalrelative,foronenighttogetherwiththe
precedingandfollowingdays.
82.Ifthekinginwhoserealmheresidesisdead,(heshallbeimpure)aslongasthelight(ofthesunor
starsshines),butfor(anintimatefriend)whoisnotaSrotriya(theimpuritylasts)forawholeday,
likewiseforaGuruwhoknowstheVedaandtheAngas.
83.ABrahmanashallbepureaftertendays,aKshatriyaaftertwelve,aVaisyaafterfifteen,andaSudra
ispurifiedafteramonth.
84.Lethimnot(unnecessarily)lengthentheperiodofimpurity,norinterrupttheritestobeperformed
withthesacredfiresforhewhoperformsthat(Agnihotra)ritewillnotbeimpure,though(hebe)a
(Sapinda)relative.
85.WhenhehastouchedaKandala,amenstruatingwoman,anoutcast,awomaninchildbed,acorpse,
oronewhohastoucheda(corpse),hebecomespurebybathing.
86.Hewhohaspurifiedhimselfbysippingwatershall,onseeinganyimpure(thingorperson),always
mutterthesacredtexts,addressedtoSurya,andthePavamani(verses).
87.ABrahmanawhohastouchedahumanbonetowhichfatadheres,becomespurebybathingifitbe
freefromfat,bysippingwaterandbytouching(afterwards)acoworlookingatthesun.
88.Hewhohasundertakentheperformanceofavowshallnotpouroutlibations(tothedead)untilthe
vowhasbeencompletedbutwhenhehasofferedwaterafteritscompletion,hebecomespureinthree
daysonly.
89.Libationsofwatershallnotbeofferedtothosewho(neglecttheprescribedritesandmaybesaidto)
havebeenborninvain,tothoseborninconsequenceofanillegalmixtureofthecastes,tothosewhoare
ascetics(ofhereticalsects),andtothosewhohavecommittedsuicide,
90.Towomenwhohavejoinedahereticalsect,whothroughlustlive(withmanymen),whohave
causedanabortion,havekilledtheirhusbands,ordrinkspirituousliquor.
91.Astudentdoesnotbreakhisvowbycarryingout(totheplaceofcremation)hisowndeadteacher
(akarya),subteacher(upadhyaya),father,mother,orGuru.
92.LethimcarryoutadeadSudrabythesoutherngateofthetown,but(thecorpsesof)twicebornmen,
asisproper,bythewestern,northern,oreastern(gates).
93.Thetaintofimpuritydoesnotfallonkings,andthoseengagedintheperformanceofavow,orofa
Sattraforthe(firstare)seatedonthethroneofIndra,andthe(lasttwoare)everpurelikeBrahman.
94.Foraking,onthethroneofmagnanimity,immediatepurificationisprescribed,andthereasonfor
thatisthatheisseated(there)fortheprotectionof(his)subjects.
95.(Thesameruleappliestothekinsmen)ofthosewhohavefalleninariotorabattle,(ofthosewho
havebeenkilled)bylightningorbytheking,and(ofthosewhoperishedfighting)forcowsand
Brahmanas,andtothosewhomthekingwishes(tobepure).
96.Akingisanincarnationoftheeightguardiandeitiesoftheworld,theMoon,theFire,theSun,the
Wind,Indra,theLordsofwealthandwater(KuberaandVaruna),andYama.
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97.Becausethekingispervadedbythoselordsoftheworld,noimpurityisordainedforhimforpurity
andimpurityofmortalsiscausedandremovedby(those)lordsoftheworld.
98.ByhimwhoisslaininbattlewithbrandishedweaponsaccordingtothelawoftheKshatriyas,a
(Srauta)sacrificeisinstantlycompleted,andsoistheperiodofimpurity(causedbyhisdeath)thatisa
settledrule.
99.(Attheendoftheperiodofimpurity)aBrahmanawhohasperformedthenecessaryrites,becomes
purebytouchingwater,aKshatriyabytouchingtheanimalonwhichherides,andhisweapons,aVaisya
bytouchinghisgoadorthenosestring(ofhisoxen),aSudrabytouchinghisstaff.
100.Thusthepurification(required)on(thedeathof)Sapindashasbeenexplainedtoyou,Obestof
twicebornmenhearnowthemannerinwhichmenarepurifiedonthedeathofany(relativewhois)not
aSapinda.
101.ABrahmana,havingcarriedoutadeadBrahmanawhoisnotaSapinda,as(ifhewere)a(near)
relative,oranearrelativeofhismother,becomespureafterthreedays
102.Butifheeatsthefoodofthe(Sapindasofthedeceased),heispurifiedintendays,(but)inoneday,
ifhedoesnoteattheirfoodnordwellsintheirhouse.
103.Havingvoluntarilyfollowedacorpse,whether(thatof)apaternalkinsmanor(of)astranger,he
becomespurebybathing,dressedinhisclothes,bytouchingfireandeatingclarifiedbutter.
104.LethimnotallowadeadBrahmanatobecarriedoutbyaSudra,whilemenofthesamecasteareat
handforthatburntofferingwhichisdefiledbyaSudra'stouchisdetrimentalto(thedeceased'spassage
to)heaven.
105.Theknowledge(ofBrahman)austerities,fire,(holy)food,earth,(restraintof)theinternalorgan,
water,smearing(withcowdung),thewind,sacredrites,thesun,andtimearethepurifiersofcorporeal
(beings).
106.Amongallmodesofpurification,purityin(theacquisitionof)wealthisdeclaredtobethebestfor
heispurewhogainswealthwithcleanhands,nothewhopurifieshimselfwithearthandwater.
107.Thelearnedarepurifiedbyaforgivingdisposition,thosewhohavecommittedforbiddenactionsby
liberality,secretsinnersbymuttering(sacredtexts),andthosewhobestknowtheVedabyausterities.
108.Byearthandwaterispurifiedwhatoughttobemadepure,ariverbyitscurrent,awomanwhose
thoughtshavebeenimpurebythemenstrualsecretion,aBrahmanabyabandoningtheworld(samnyasa).
109.Thebodyiscleansedbywater,theinternalorganispurifiedbytruthfulness,theindividualsoulby
sacredlearningandausterities,theintellectby(true)knowledge.
110.Thusthepreciserulesforthepurificationofthebodyhavebeendeclaredtoyouhearnowthe
decision(ofthelaw)regardingthepurificationofthevarious(inanimate)things.
111.Thewiseordainthatall(objects)madeofmetal,gems,andanythingmadeofstonearetobe
cleansedwithashes,earth,andwater.
112.Agoldenvesselwhichshowsnostains,becomespurewithwateralone,likewisewhatisproduced
inwater(asshellsandcoral),whatismadeofstone,andasilver(vessel)notenchased.
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113.Fromtheunionofwaterandfirearosetheglitteringgoldandsilverthosetwo,therefore,arebest
purifiedby(theelements)fromwhichtheysprang.
114.Copper,iron,brass,pewter,tin,andleadmustbecleansed,asmaybesuitable(foreachparticular
case),byalkaline(substances),acidsorwater.
115.Thepurificationprescribedforall(sortsof)liquidsisbypassingtwobladesofKusagrassthrough
them,forsolidthingsbysprinkling(themwithwater),for(objects)madeofwoodbyplaningthem.
116.Atsacrificesthepurificationof(theSomacupscalled)KamasasandGrahas,andof(other)
sacrificialvessels(takesplace)byrubbing(them)withthehand,and(afterwards)rinsing(themwith
water).
117.TheKaruand(thespoonscalled)SrukandSruvamustbecleanedwithhotwater,likewise(the
woodensword,called)Sphya,thewinnowingbasket(Surpa),thecart(forbringingthegrain),thepestle
andthemortar.
118.Themannerofpurifyinglargequantitiesofgrainandofclothistosprinklethemwithwaterbutthe
purificationofsmallquantitiesisprescribed(totakeplace)bywashingthem.
119.Skinsand(objects)madeofsplitcanemustbecleanedlikeclothesvegetables,roots,andfruitlike
grain
120.SilkandwoollenstuffswithalkalineearthblanketswithpoundedArishta(fruit)Amsupattaswith
Belfruitlinenclothwith(apasteof)yellowmustard.
121.Amanwhoknows(thelaw)mustpurifyconchshells,horn,boneandivory,likelinencloth,orwith
amixtureofcow'surineandwater.
122.Grass,wood,andstrawbecomepurebybeingsprinkled(withwater),ahousebysweepingand
smearing(itwithcowdungorwhitewash),anearthen(vessel)byasecondburning.
123.Anearthenvesselwhichhasbeendefiledbyspirituousliquor,urine,ordure,saliva,pusorblood
cannotbepurifiedbyanotherburning.
124.Landispurifiedby(thefollowing)five(modes,viz.)bysweeping,bysmearing(itwithcowdung),
bysprinkling(itwithcows'urineormilk),byscraping,andbycowsstaying(onitduringadayand
night).
125.(Food)whichhasbeenpeckedatbybirds,smeltatbycows,touched(withthefoot),sneezedon,or
defiledbyhairorinsects,becomespurebyscatteringearth(overit).
126.Aslongasthe(foul)smelldoesnotleavean(object)defiledbyimpuresubstances,andthestain
causedbythem(doesnotdisappear),solongmustearthandwaterbeappliedincleansing(inanimate)
things.
127.Thegodsdeclaredthreethings(tobe)puretoBrahmanas,that(onwhich)no(taintis)visible,what
hasbeenwashedwithwater,andwhathasbeencommended(aspure)bytheword(ofaBrahmana).
128.Water,sufficient(inquantity)inordertoslakethethirstofacow,possessingthe(proper)smell,
colour,andtaste,andunmixedwithimpuresubstances,ispure,ifitiscollectedon(pure)ground.
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129.Thehandofanartisanisalwayspure,sois(everyvendiblecommodity)exposedforsaleinthe
market,andfoodobtainedbybeggingwhichastudentholds(inhishand)isalwaysfitforusethatisa
settledrule.
130.Themouthofawomanisalwayspure,likewiseabirdwhenhecausesafruittofallacalfispure
ontheflowingofthemilk,andadogwhenhecatchesadeer.
131.Manuhasdeclaredthattheflesh(ofananimal)killedbydogsispure,likewise(that)ofa(beast)
slainbycarnivorous(animals)orbymenoflowcaste(Dasyu),suchasKandalas.
132.Allthosecavities(ofthebody)whichlieabovethenavelarepure,(but)thosewhicharebelowthe
navelareimpure,aswellasexcretionsthatfallfromthebody.
133.Flies,dropsofwater,ashadow,acow,ahorse,theraysofthesun,dust,earth,thewind,andfire
onemustknowtobepuretothetouch.
134.Inordertocleanse(theorgans)bywhichurineandfaecesareejected,earthandwatermustbeused,
astheymayberequired,likewiseinremovingthe(remainingonesamong)twelveimpuritiesofthebody.
135.Oilyexudations,semen,blood,(thefattysubstanceofthe)brain,urine,faeces,themucusofthe
nose,earwax,phlegm,tears,therheumoftheeyes,andsweatarethetwelveimpuritiesofhuman
(bodies).
136.Hewhodesirestobepure,mustcleantheorganbyone(applicationof)earth,theanusby(applying
earth)three(times),the(left)handaloneby(applyingit)ten(times),andboth(hands)by(applyingit)
seven(times).
137.Suchisthepurificationordainedforhouseholders(itshallbe)doubleforstudents,treblefor
hermits,butquadrupleforascetics.
138.Whenhehasvoidedurineorfaeces,lethim,aftersippingwater,sprinklethecavities,likewise
whenheisgoingtorecitetheVeda,andalwaysbeforehetakesfood.
139.Lethimwhodesiresbodilypurityfirstsipwaterthreetimes,andthentwicewipehismouthbuta
womanandaSudra(shallperformeachact)once(only).
140.Sudraswholiveaccordingtothelaw,shalleachmonthshave(theirheads)theirmodeof
purification(shallbe)thesameasthatofVaisyas,andtheirfoodthefragmentsofanAryan'smeal.
141.Drops(ofwater)fromthemouthwhichdonotfallonalimb,donotmake(aman)impure,northe
hairofthemoustacheenteringthemouth,norwhatadherestotheteeth.
142.Dropswhichtrickleonthefeetofhimwhoofferswaterforsippingtoothers,mustbeconsideredas
equalto(watercollectedonthegroundtheyrenderhimnotimpure.
143.Hewho,whilecarryinganythinginanymanner,istouchedbyanimpure(personorthing),shall
becomepure,ifheperformsanablution,withoutputtingdownthatobject.
144.Hewhohasvomitedorpurgedshallbathe,andafterwardseatclarifiedbutterbutif(theattack
comeson)afterhehaseaten,lethimonlysipwaterbathingisprescribedforhimwhohashad
intercoursewithawoman.
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145.Thoughhemaybe(already)pure,lethimsipwateraftersleeping,sneezing,eating,spitting,telling
untruths,anddrinkingwater,likewisewhenheisgoingtostudytheVeda.
146.Thustherulesofpersonalpurificationformenofallcastes,andthoseforcleaning(inanimate)
things,havebeenfullydeclaredtoyou:hearnowthedutiesofwomen.
147.Byagirl,byayoungwoman,orevenbyanagedone,nothingmustbedoneindependently,evenin
herownhouse.
148.Inchildhoodafemalemustbesubjecttoherfather,inyouthtoherhusband,whenherlordisdead
tohersonsawomanmustneverbeindependent.
149.Shemustnotseektoseparateherselffromherfather,husband,orsonsbyleavingthemshewould
makeboth(herownandherhusband's)familiescontemptible.
150.Shemustalwaysbecheerful,cleverin(themanagementofher)householdaffairs,carefulin
cleaningherutensils,andeconomicalinexpenditure.
151.Himtowhomherfathermaygiveher,orherbrotherwiththefather'spermission,sheshallobeyas
longashelives,andwhenheisdead,shemustnotinsult(hismemory).
152.Forthesakeofprocuringgoodfortuneto(brides),therecitationofbenedictorytexts(svastyayana),
andthesacrificetotheLordofcreatures(Pragapati)areusedatweddings(but)thebetrothal(bythe
fatherorguardian)isthecauseof(thehusband's)dominion(overhiswife).
153.Thehusbandwhoweddedherwithsacredtexts,alwaysgiveshappinesstohiswife,bothinseason
andoutofseason,inthisworldandinthenext.
154.Thoughdestituteofvirtue,orseekingpleasure(elsewhere),ordevoidofgoodqualities,(yet)a
husbandmustbeconstantlyworshippedasagodbyafaithfulwife.
155.Nosacrifice,novow,nofastmustbeperformedbywomenapart(fromtheirhusbands)ifawife
obeysherhusband,shewillforthat(reasonalone)beexaltedinheaven.
156.Afaithfulwife,whodesirestodwell(afterdeath)withherhusband,mustneverdoanythingthat
mightdispleasehimwhotookherhand,whetherhebealiveordead.
157.Atherpleasureletheremaciateherbodyby(livingon)pureflowers,roots,andfruitbutshemust
neverevenmentionthenameofanothermanafterherhusbandhasdied.
158.Untildeathletherbepatient(ofhardships),selfcontrolled,andchaste,andstrive(tofulfil)that
mostexcellentdutywhich(isprescribed)forwiveswhohaveonehusbandonly.
159.ManythousandsofBrahmanaswhowerechastefromtheiryouth,havegonetoheavenwithout
continuingtheirrace.
160.Avirtuouswifewhoafterthedeathofherhusbandconstantlyremainschaste,reachesheaven,
thoughshehavenoson,justlikethosechastemen.
161.Butawomanwhofromadesiretohaveoffspringviolatesherdutytowardsher(deceased)husband,
bringsonherselfdisgraceinthisworld,andlosesherplacewithherhusband(inheaven).
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162.Offspringbegottenbyanothermanisherenot(consideredlawful),nor(doesoffspringbegotten)on
anotherman'swife(belongtothebegetter),norisasecondhusbandanywhereprescribedforvirtuous
women.
163.Shewhocohabitswithamanofhighercaste,forsakingherownhusbandwhobelongstoalower
one,willbecomecontemptibleinthisworld,andiscalledaremarriedwoman(parapurva).
164.Byviolatingherdutytowardsherhusband,awifeisdisgracedinthisworld,(afterdeath)sheenters
thewombofajackal,andistormentedbydiseases(thepunishmentof)hersin.
165.Shewho,controllingherthoughts,words,anddeeds,neverslightsherlord,resides(afterdeath)
withherhusband(inheaven),andiscalledavirtuous(wife).
166.Inrewardofsuchconduct,afemalewhocontrolsherthoughts,speech,andactions,gainsinthis
(life)highestrenown,andinthenext(world)aplacenearherhusband.
167.Atwicebornman,versedinthesacredlaw,shallburnawifeofequalcastewhoconductsherself
thusanddiesbeforehim,with(thesacredfiresusedfor)theAgnihotra,andwiththesacrificial
implements.
168.Havingthus,atthefuneral,giventhesacredfirestohiswifewhodiesbeforehim,hemaymarry
again,andagainkindle(thefires).
169.(Living)accordingtothe(preceding)rules,hemustneverneglectthefive(great)sacrifices,and,
havingtakenawife,hemustdwellin(hisown)houseduringthesecondperiodofhislife.

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