Belle Lin

Review guidelines General psychology 101:04 - Fall 2014

Chapter 1
1. Explain what determinism and free will are, and how they are different.
a. Determinism- idea that everything that happens has a cause, or
determinant, that one could observe or measure
b. Free will- belief that behavior is caused by a persons independent
decisions
2. What is the issue in the mind-brain problem?
a. Question of how experience relates to the brain
b. Dualism- mind is separate from the brain but somehow controls the brain
and therefore the rest of the body
c. Monism-conscious experience is inseparable from the physical brain
3. What is the issue in the nature-nurture debate? How did the movie that we saw
test this issue?
a. How do differences in behavior relate to differences in heredity and
environment?
b. Bobo the doll
4. What kind of issues are studied by the following types of psychologist:
a. Developmental psychologists- changes in behavior over age
b. Learning and motivation psychologists- how behavior depends on the
outcomes of past behaviors and current motivations
c. Cognitive psychologists- studies thought and knowledge (how does
thinking influence our behaviors?)
d. Biological psychologists- explains behavior in terms of biological factors,
such as electrical and chemical activities in nervous system, effects of
drugs and hormones, genetics, and evolutionary pressures
e. Evolutionary psychologists- tries to explain behavior in terms of
evolutionary history of the species, including reasons evolution may have
favored a tendency to act in particular ways
f. Social psychologists- study how an individual influences other people and
how the group influences and individual
g. Cross-cultural psychologists- compares behavior of people from different
cultures
5. What are the differences between the different types of mental health
professionals, with respect to the types of problems they deal with and their
education?
a. Clinical psychologists- advanced degree in psychology, with specialty in
understanding and helping people with psychology problems
b. Psychiatrist- deals with emotional disturbances, MD degree and 4 years
residency training in psychiatry
c. Psychoanalyst- therapy providers who rely heavily on theories and
methods of Freud and others

d. Clinical social worker- masters degree in social work with specialization

in psychological problems
e. Counseling psychologists- help people with educational, vocational,
marriage, health-related, and other decisions. Doctorate degree with
supervised experience in counseling
f. Forensic psychologist- provides advice and consultation to police,
lawyers, courts. Trained as clinical/counseling psychologists with
additional training in legal issues.
6. What does an I/O psychologist do?
a. Psychological study of people at work
b. Deals with issues such as hiring the right person for a job, training people
for jobs, developing work teams, determining salaries and bonuses,
providing feedback to workers about performance, planning an
organizational structure, organizing workplace so workers will be
productive and satisfied.
7. What kinds of issues are studied by ergonomists (human factors specialist) and
school psychologists?
a. Ergonomist- Attempts to facilitate operation of machinery so that ordinary
people can use it efficiently and safely
b. School psychologist- specialist in the psychological condition of students
(usually kindergarten-12th grade). Identify educational needs of children,
devise plan to meet those needs, implement plan or advise teacher how to
implement plan
Below is book only
8. What is Wilhelm Wundt known for? What types of things did he study?
a. First person to establish a laboratory intended exclusively for
psychological research
b. Sensory physiology and the timing of conscious experience (seeing
pendulum vs hearing sound). Cultural differences in behavior with
emphases on motivation, voluntary control, and cognitive processes.
9. What is the dominant question in structuralism?
a. Structuralism- an attempt to describe the structures that compose the mind,
particularly sensations, feelings, images
b. Ex: describing experience of brightness of lemon separately from
experience of its yellowness
10. What does functionalism attempt to study?
a. Functionalism- how do people produce useful behaviors?
b. Ex: How can people strengthen good habits? Can someone attend to more
than one item at a time? How does intention lead to action? How do
people recognize that they have seen something before?
11. What is behaviorism and how did behaviorists think they could find out the
answers to their questions?
a. Behaviorism- a field of psychology that concentrates on observable,
measurable behaviors and not on mental processes
b. Studied animal behavior