Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
FMIS framework
FHM
Flood Hazard
and measures
Mapping
Annex A
FMIS team
Deltares, 2012
Prepared for:
Ministry of Public Works (PU)
Report
December 2012
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Annex A
Contents
1
Introduction .........................................................................................................3
1.1
Background...............................................................................................3
1.2
Objectives .................................................................................................4
1.3
2.2
Introduction .............................................................................................10
3.2
Database design.....................................................................................10
3.3
3.4
3.5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6.2
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6.2.2
6.3
7
7.2
7.3
ii
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Introduction
1.1
Background
year
affect
1699
1714
1854
1918
1942
1996
2002
2007
Figure 1.1
Since the devastating floods of February 2007 in Jakarta, Deltares/Delft Hydraulics has
been involved in a number of flood related studies for the greater Jakarta area. In those
studies, Deltares has set-up a Flood Hazard Mapping (FHM) framework. With this
framework, flood maps can be derived for events with several return periods.
Furthermore, with this framework it is possible to assess the effect of mitigating
measures on flood hazards and flood risks.
Under the flag of the Joint Cooperation Program, the FHM framework is used as a part
of the Jakarta Flood Early Warning System (JFEWS). In JFEWS, the FHM framework
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transfers rainfall observations and forecasts into predicted water levels and flood
extents.
1.2
Objectives
Since the FHM studies of 2007 and 2009, the FHM was updated with the inclusion of
the Banjir Kanal Timur (BKT). However, the city of Jakarta and the Ciliwung catchment
and river system are undergoing rapid changes. Such changes are:
1.3
The approach followed for updating the FHM framework, scenario analysis
and connecting the framework to FEWS is given in Figure 1.2.
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Figure 1.2
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2.1
SOBEK1 is the main hydrologic and hydraulic modeling software used for simulating the
propagation of water through the Ciliwung catchment. It consists of a large number of
modules that can be used separately or combined. The modules cover a wide range of
processes, from rainfall-runoff, to 1D/2D hydrodynamics, to water quality processes and
emissions. It was developed in close co-operation with several organizations in the
water sector, based on a long history of developments of flow modelling in systems.
The first release, SOBEK-RE, was launched in the early nineties. Next, SOBEK-Urban
was developed as a tool for integral studies of the effects of precipitation and waste
water management in urban areas. Subsequently, SOBEK-Rural was developed for
drainage and irrigation studies in low lying areas and the associated water
management. Finally, SOBEK-RIVER was launched a few years ago, focusing entirely
on the modeling of river systems.
Both the 1D- and 2D flow modules solve the full set of the de Saint-Venant equations.
This makes SOBEK ideally suited for difficult-to-model systems, as it can handle flow
conditions that other packages cannot: super-critical flow, transition from super- to subcritical flow (hydraulic jumps), and both wetting and drying of grid-cells. It comes
equipped with a variety of boundary conditions, wind effects, hydraulic structure
descriptions, lateral flows and cross-section descriptions.
The Sobek-package also contains a number of well-known hydrological models. These
models serve to simulate the processes that translate rainfall into river inflow.
2.2
2.2.1
Overview
The Jakarta schematization makes use of the following three SOBEK modules (see
Figure 2.1):
the hydrological rainfall runoff module (RR) that simulates the transformation of
rainfall to runoff for each river catchment, and thus computes the inflows into the
one dimensional hydraulic river module;
the 2-dimensional hydraulic module (2D) that simulates the inundation pattern
over the project area from the locations where the one dimensional water courses
are overtopped. The results from this module are used to construct the flood
hazard maps
1.
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Figure 2.1
Sections 2.2.2 and 2.2.3 illustrate the existing Rainfall-Runoff (RR) schematization
and 1D-2D schematization of the Jakarta basin.
2.2.2
The rainfall-runoff model provides the 1D-flow model with runoff from the subcatchments using the following steps:
1) simulation of
runoff using
Sacramento model
(SOBEK-RR)
2) Hydrologic routing of
runoff towards main river
system using Muskingum
method (SOBEK-RR)
3) Hydraulic
routing through
river system
towards sea
(SOBEK-1D)
Step one simulates runoff from 450 sub-catchments (see Figure 2.2), based on rainfall
data and sub-catchment characteristics. The well-known Sacramento model concept
has been used for this purpose. The Sacramento model can be used for both eventbased and year-round continuous simulations. For each sub-catchment, main
characteristics as surface area, land use, slope, flow path length have been
determined.
The second step in the modelling process is to connect the computed runoff from the
various sub-catchments to the 1D river schematisation. For the upstream small rivers
which are not modelled in the 1D river model, the computed runoff is routed in SOBEKRR using the Muskingum method to the outlet points of the catchments. At the outlet
points of the catchments, the computed runoff enters the 1D-river model as a lateral
discharge. From there onwards, the water is routed through the river system using the
hydraulic SOBEK-1D flow module.
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Figure 2.2
2.2.3
Figure 2.3 shows the hydraulic model of the drainage system as it was developed
previously. It contains all 13 rivers and most major channels in the Jakarta area. Some
aspects worth mentioning are:
The 1D model consists of nodes and branches. The branches follow the alignment
of the drainage system. The nodes are objects that are placed on top of the
branches. They can represent for example surveyed cross-sections or structures
(weirs, gates, etc.).
SOBEK automatically connects the 1D and 2D grid points. This way, water will
start to flow from the 1D to the 2D domain as soon as the water level overtops the
embankments. Reverse flow is also possible: when 2D overland flow reaches a
Deltares, HKV, PusAir , ITB, Royal HaskoningDHV
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drain modeled in 1D, it will enter that drain if the water level exceeds the
embankment.
The 1D model includes cross-sections, defining the river geometry. The data from
these cross-sections comes from a large number of different sources, using
different survey methods. Cross-sections are the most important data for 1D
models, as they determine the conveyance capacity of the system.
Most of the low-lying areas in Jakarta cannot drain into the sea by gravity as a
result of the continuous subsidence caused by compacting of the soils because of
deep groundwater abstractions. These low-lying areas usually drain into
reservoirs (waduks), from where the water is pumped to the main river system.
These constructions are included in the model.
The combined schematization was calibrated for the january/february 2007 flood
event, and validated for the january/february 2008 flood event in the FHM1 and
FHM2 studies (Deltares, 2007-2009).
After the FHM1 and FHM2 studies the Banjir Kanal Timur (BKT) was included in
the schematization for the Java Flood Insurance studies (Deltares, 2011), being
the flood mitigating measure with the largest impact on the flood patterns in the
east of Jakarta.
Figure 2.3
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3.1
Introduction
The Hydrological Units (HU) are the basis for the FHM framework. Following objectives
are met by developing the HUs:
One consistent database that describes the hydrological parameters for the FHM
Framework on a sub-catchment scale.
Insight in future changes in land use, elevation, and possible effects on the
hydrological situation.
Database design
This paragraph describes the overall design of the database. All data are primary linked
to the KeyData, which is a shapefile of the Hydrological Units. Figure 3.1 shows the
global structure of the database and which tables are related with each other. Table 3.1
describes the content in short, while Annex A gives a complete description of the fields,
including a description how the fields were filled.
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Admin
Centroid
MSL
Con<year>
Keydata
Hydrology
Retention
Areaelev<year>
Pumping station
Pumps
Runoff
Name of table
Keydata
Admin
Centroid
Con<year>
Areaelev<year>
Runoff
Hydrology
Retention
Pumping station
Pumps
MSL
Table 3.1
3.3
Content
Shapefile of the Hydrological Units
Administrative data (province, kabupaten, kecamatan, desa)
Coordinates of the centroid of HU
Information on land use, vegetation, population, tidal influence
for 2012, 2025 an 2050.
Elevation-exceedance data for 2012, 2025 and 2050
Runoff data for HU for 2007 as well as for several return
periods.
Information on discharge methods, pumping stations and
retention
Information on retention areas
Information on pumping stations
Information on pumps
Mean Sea Level for 2012, 2025 an 2050.
In 2012, the Java Spatial Model (JSM) was updated. JSM describes the land-use
changes on Java based on trends in development of population, economy and land
use. [Final Report - Subcomponent B2 Strategic Spatial Planning, TA7189-INO:
Institutional Strengthening for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the
6 Ci's River Basin Territory - Package B].
JSM provides in particular a consistent projection of urban/rural land-use with important
consequences for total water demand, water quality and ecology, based on:
Spatial allocation of population and land-use for Java at village (desa) level,
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For the HU database, the JSM was used to determine the land-use in 2012, and made
projections for 2025 and 2050. The JSM uses the desa level as smallest unit. The landuse types distinguished in the JSM are given in Table 3.2
Name
Housing
Short description
Housing area
Non-housing urban
area
Barren/Minimal
Vegetation (<10%
ground cover)
Agriculture
Rice/Paddy
Long Description
Housing and Settlements (Podes 2000)
Agriculture,
other
Agriculture, General
Grass
Grassland
(>10%
ground cover)
Shrub
Shrub/Scrub
Forest
Forest, Evergreen
Wetland
Wetland,
Permanent/
Herbaceous
Mangrove
Wetland, Mangrove
Water
Water
Other urban
Barren
Irrigated Paddy
Table 3.2
The JSM model uses various cases, for our purpose we use the current trend case,
with an economic growth scenario of 5 %. The following 2 figures show the percentage
urban area for the desas for 2012, and 2050. Especially in the middle and upper part of
the catchment it is forecasted that urbanization will continue. In the lower part, the city
of Jakarta, there is basically no more space for further urbanization. However,
population pressure will increase as well.
2012
Figure 3.2
2050
urban area percentage for the study area in 2012 and 2050
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Based on these date, we updated the following fields in the HU database, for 2012,
2025 and 2050 situation:
land_use_1
Land_use_1_prc
Land_use_2
Land_use_2_prc
CN values
Also, the percentages pervious and impervious were updated. Assumed is that land use
classes as housing and other urban were assumed to be impervious, all other
pervious. These data on pervious percentage however are not used in the hydrological
modelling as the hydrology is modelled using CN values.
JSM model also projects population growth. We will use these numbers to assess the
impact of floods in the future. According to the JSM data, the average population
density in Jakarta is about 15.000 people / km 2 in 2012. The following 2 figures show
the population density, according to the JSM model, for 2012 and 2050. During that
period, it is expected that the population pressure increases with about 50%, close to
23.000 people/km 2.
2012
Figure 3.3
3.4
2050
population density in Jakarta in 2012 and 2050
A number of subsidence measurements are done in the last years. For the first time a
dataset covering the whole area of Jakarta became available. The following datasets
are available for the Jakarta region:
1
2
3
The analysis conducted by Altamira Information was based on datasets acquired from
January 31st, 2007 to February 11th, 2011, while F-NPA analysis considered 17
images, from June 18th, 2007 to November 11th, 2010. The Altamira report also
analyses the differences between the Fugro analysis and the Altamira analysis. They
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concluded that both surveys resulted in the same deformation patterns. For our analysis
we use the Fugro dataset.
Figure 3.4
The figure above displays the results for the yearly subsidence in cm/year according to
the Fugro-NPA data. This only shows the subsidence for the DKI area. The study has
more information for surrounding areas of Jakarta, however in FMIS inundation maps
are only provided within the DKI boundaries. It is clear that in Southern part of Jakarta,
subsidence is limited. In the Northern part (close to Pluit) and in the Western part of
Jakarta, cones of subsidence are clearly visible, with subsidence rates more than 10 cm
per year.
The following fields in the HU database were updated to incorporate the impact of the
subsidence.
AreaElev
DrainID
percentage
elevation
<time horizon>
ID for the Hydrological Unit
Non exceedance %
Elevation corresponding with non-exceedance level
For the time horizon 2012 we assumed 5 years of subsidence between the existing
dataset prepared in 2007. For 2025 and 2050 we assumed that subsidence would
continue as calculated by the Fugro study.
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3.5
Update and improve the database for cross-sections, pumps and gates
(task 2.D and 1.C.3)
3.5.1
Field data is collected using levelling equipment from these from benchmarks the,
angle, distance and elevation difference is measured. Data is processed in AutoCAD
files. Often the same data is also used to build hydrodynamic (HEC-RAS) models.
However, only the CAD-files are usually returned to the client.
There are two issues which make the processing of CAD-files a very labour intensive
matter:
1
2
3
It is quite easy to speed up the process of updating the FHM framework when raw data
(elevation points stored in a readable format such as Microsoft Excel) and hydraulic
models are supplied to the client. Raw data can very easy be entered in the FHM
framework. Most hydraulic models (e.g. HEC-RAS) can directly be converted to Sobek
models and incorporated in the FHM framework. Also if control points are added every
few kilometres with GPS location, cross section locations can easily be re-projected to
the TM3 projection.
In Annex E an guideline is given on how the collection of field data can be improved
Figure 3.5: Example projection CAD files. The CAD file over the shape of the river axis from the FHM
framework (left) and the final result (right), cross section positions, which can be loaded in the
FHM framework.
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3.5.2
Currently there is not a clear idea on how data should be managed at PU-DKI and
BBWSCC. This is most likely related to the fact that this data is not directly used for any
purpose after systems are redesigned and evaluated.
The responsibility of having an up-to-date database of the Ciliwung data is with
BBWSCC (for the main river network), at PU-DKI (for all rivers and kanals within the
province boundaries) and the districts (for the local drainage network).
An up-to-date database for the river geometry and structures is necessary for updating
the FHM framework, which is part of the Flood Early Warning System, can be used to
generate flood hazard maps for planning purposes and can be used to evaluate the
effects of flood mitigating measures.
General requirements for a field data maintenance platform
If data is maintained in a field data maintenance platform, such platform should be able
to export the following data and formats:
The locations of cross-sections, pumps and gates with an identification and their
name in a ESRI shape-file
The cross section data should be stored in so called XY format. In this format
has two columns. One column is the cumulative distance along the cross section.
The other one is the bottom elevation. All cross sections should have the
identification also available in the shape-file.
Pump data should incorporate the identification of the pump and the switch-on
and switch of levels of the different pump stages
Gate data should incorporate, the gate crest level, gate width and gate standard
rules of operation
Basic data maintenance
All these data, except for the ESRI shape-file can be stored in spreadsheet format, such
as Mircosoft Excel . Figure 3.10 shows an example of Excel2Sobek, a simple Excel
VBA macro which can automatically convert spread sheet data to the Sobek format
required for the FHM framework. Such a program is advised as a start point to store
data, since it is straightforward and understandable by most users. Excel2Sobek is
developed by Siebe Bosch Hydroconsult (Hydrocunsult@SiebeBosch.nl), shareware
and open source.
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bottom elevation
cummulative distance at cross section
Figure 3.6: Excel2Sobek VBA-macro
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1
2
3
4
Incorporate all points in the guidelines in coming TORs for field data surveys.
Check if all original data and models are available when the project is finished
Build together at one database for the Ciliwung, comprising data of all rivers,
canals and structures under jurisdiction of BBWSCC, PU-DKI or districts
Start with a simple database, storing locations in a ESRI shape-file and required
data in a simple spread sheet
Start to train staff to use more advanced data management packages such as
Turtle
3.5.3
Together with BBWSCC and PU-DKI for nearly all rivers new data-sets with cross
section were obtained. However, due to the short time of the project and the difficulties
in processing data (see section 3.5.1) only a limited data could be converted to the
FHM framework. However, with this new system, the major part of the system is
considered to be up-to-date.
Drain/Kali
yes
Yes
2010
BMPP60
JICA
yes
Yes
2011
BMPP60
Krukut
JICA
yes
2010
BMPP60
Upper Cipinang
BBWS yes
2010
BMPP??
Upper Sunter
BBWS yes
2010
BMPP??
Upper Buaran
BBWS yes
2010
BMPP??
Upper Jatikramat
BBWS yes
2010
BMPP??
Upper Cakung
BBWS yes
2010
BMPP??
BBWS yes
2009
BMPP??
BBWS yes
2012
BMPP??
Cengkareng
JEDI
yes
yes
2010
BMPP60
Muara Angke
JEDI
yes
yes
2010
BMPP60
Lower Angke
JEDI
yes
2010
BMPP60
yes
yes
2010
BMPP60
Jelakeng
JEDI
yes
2010
BMPP60
JEDI
yes
2010
BMPP60
Krukut Lama
JEDI
yes
2010
BMPP60
Cideng Tamrin
JEDI
yes
2010
BMPP60
Upper Cideng
JEDI
yes
2010
BMPP60
Sentiong
JEDI
yes
yes
2010
BMPP60
Sunter
JEDI
yes
2010
BMPP60
Cakung Drain
JEDI
yes
2010
BMPP60
JEDI
yes
yes
2010
BMPP60
Waduk Pluit
JEDI
yes
2010
BMPP60
Upper Angke
BBWS no
yes
2010
BMPP??
Upper Pesanggrahan
BBWS no
yes
2010
BMPP??
* Years of survey are not known very precise since they are usually not included in the CAD
files optained
** BBWS does surveys from local benchmarks in stead of BMPP60 (Pasar Rabo)
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3.5.4
From the Standard Operation Procedures we found out that all pumps draining the main
water system of Jakarta where already in the data-base. Currently a few new pumps
are under construction or are planned, which will have impact on flooding from the main
river network:
Pompa Dudi, draining the the kali Duri to the Banjir Kanal Barat. This pump is
currently constructed. The total capacity will be 15 m 3/s of which 5 m3/s is already
operational
Pompa Pasar Ikan, which will serve as a backup for the Pluit pumps. This pump is
currently under construction. Total capacity will be 30 m 3/s
Pompa Marina, which will drain the Ciliwung Gunung Sahari. This pump is in a
planning phase. Capacity will be around 50 m 3/s.
During field surveys in the months of October and November we reviewed some gates.
At some locations it was found that these structures where not correctly represented in
the FHM framework
Cakung gate, where the with of the gate was larger than represented in the model
Upper Grogol, at the Grogol-Pesanggrahan diversion. This gate was open in the
FHM framework, while under flood-conditions it is clearly closed.
The gate at the Tobagus Angke. This gate was missing in the FHM framework.
When we found the gate (two gates of +/- 2 meters wide), one was partly open,
flooding the area around Tobagus Angke.
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Figure 3.10: Above: the Cakung gate. Left down: flooding at the Tobagus Angke gate. Right down:
the closed gate at the Upper Grogol near the Grogol-Pesanggrahan diversion
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Task 2.A.
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typical soil characteristics (the same land-use can have different curve numbers on
different soil types with different infiltration characteristics). Besides the curve number,
other relevant parameters influencing the response to rainfall are the average basin
slope and flow path length to the sub-catchment outlet point, and initial conditions.
Figure 4.1
Ciliwung
basin,
JSM
2012
FHM2
The FHM rainfall-runoff model was calibrated primarily on Katulampa The whole FHM
model (including the 1D and 1D-2D model) was validated for Katulampa and Panus
Depok stations in Ciliwung river, for Sawangan and Kebon Jeruk stations in
Pesanggrahan river, and for the overall inundation pattern in the northern area.
The original validation for FHM found that the curve numbers upstream Katulampa were
rather high, and in order to get a reasonable fit of the rainfall-runoff model with the
observed discharges the fastness of the response needed to be reduced. So, the fact
that the JSM curve numbers are lower than the values used in FHM, is logical.
However, this also means that the conversion of curve number, slope and flow path
length to the parameters used in the FHM rainfall-runoff model has to be re-evaluated
and done again, without the additional reduction of unit hydrograph parameters done in
FHM.
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The conversion of the hydrological unit information into parameters of the Sacramento
rainfall-runoff model is done the same way for all hydrological units. The only difference
is that a distinction is made in initial conditions in the basin. To reflect the spatial
differences in rainfall patterns, the area upstream Kaulampa has a wetter initial soil
moisture condition than the middle catchment, which in turn has a slightly wetter initial
condition than the downstream northern parts of the basin.
Including information from S3I project in FHM model
The FHM2 project finished in March 2009. At the end of the same month, situ Gintung
dam collapsed. Very quickly after that event, the S3I project was set up to quickly
inspect and analyse about 200 small dams with lakes (situ-situ) in Jabodetabek area.
The S3I project collected a lot of information about these small dams. For all dams,
dambreak analyses were carried out to assess the hazard due to a dam failure. A
selected number of about 25 dams has been analysed for possible overtopping, by
checking the ability of the dam to handle the 1:100 year rainfall event, the maximum
recorded rainfall event, and the probable maximum precipitation (PMP).
Figure 4.2
Indication of locations of siti-situ (red dots; from S3I) and FMIS hydrological units (green)
Figure 4.2 shows a map with the situ-situ analysed in S3I. Figure 4.3 shows the situ-situ
for which an overtopping analysis has been carried out. The data of the situ-situ from
the S3I project is used to improve the FHM modeling framework, to better take into
acoount the flow peak reduction by situ-situ. The method is described below.
The FHM model is a combined Sobek RR-1D-2D schematization. The Ciliwung 1D
model starts at Katulampa, the Pesanggrahen 1D model starts just upstream of
Sawangan. Most of the situ-situ are located in sub-catchments where the main river is
not modeled in 1D, but using a simple approach with RR-routing links. In the RR-routing
links the Muskingum hydrological routing concept is used. This is a simple routing and
flow peak reduction method. The parameters of these routing links have been derived
Deltares, HKV, PusAir , ITB, Royal HaskoningDHV
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using length of the river, difference in water level, and assuming a simple cross-section.
However, further flow peak reduction due to a situ with a flow limiting outlet structure
has not been included. The S3I overtopping analyses are a useful help here. Based on
the results of these analyses, the parameters of the RR-Routing links have been
updated for catchments where a small lake (situ) is present). For those situ-situ where
no overtopping analyses has been performed, the information on situ size and
catchment size was used to estimate whether flow peak reduction by the situ is relevant
or not. If considered relevant, RR-routing links parameters have been adjusted to
include more delay than in the original FHM model.
Only the 1D schematization of Rawah Cipondoh and the small upstream situ has been
taken from S3I and included in the 1D model of FMIS. Cipondoh is a big lake, and it
reduces the outflow peak of the catchment considerably, which will have an impact on
the Mookervart canal and downstream areas.
Figure 4.3
Indication of siti-situ analysed in detail in S3I (red contour lines indicate the situ catchment,
dark blue lines the FHM 1D model, medium blue lines the RR=Routing links; the light blue
polylines is the shape file of the rivers)
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Discharges Katulampa
800.00
Measurements_Katulampa
Discharge (m3/s)
700.00
600.00
FHM2_Katulampa
500.00
JSM2012_recalibrated; FHM2012C
_Katulampa
400.00
300.00
200.00
100.00
0.00
03-jan-07
08-jan-07
13-jan-07
18-jan-07
23-jan-07
28-jan-07
02-feb-07
07-feb-07
Time
Discharges Katulampa
800.00
Measurements_Katulampa
Discharge (m3/s)
700.00
600.00
FHM2_Katulampa
500.00
JSM2012_recalibrated; FHM2012C
_Katulampa
400.00
300.00
200.00
100.00
0.00
28-jan-07
30-jan-07
01-feb-07
03-feb-07
05-feb-07
07-feb-07
09-feb-07
11-feb-07
Time
800.00
700.00
600.00
500.00
400.00
300.00
200.00
100.00
0.00
Measurements_Katulampa
FHM2_Katulampa
0:
00
:0
0
02
7-
07
02
6-
07
12
0:
00
07
02
6-
07
02
5-
5-
02
-
07
12
:0
0:
00
:0
12
4-
02
-
07
07
02
4-
07
02
3-
0:
00
0
12
:0
0:
00
07
00
302
-
12
:
202
-0
7
202
-
07
00
12
:
07
102
-
07
02
1-
0:
00
JSM2012_recalibrated; FHM2012C
_Katulampa
0:
00
Discharge (m3/s)
Discharges Katulampa
Time
Figure 4.4
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Annex A
Discharge (m3/s)
Measurements_Depok
FHM2_Depok
JSM2012_recalibrated; FHM2012C
_Depok
03-jan-07
08-jan-07
13-jan-07
18-jan-07
23-jan-07
28-jan-07
02-feb-07
07-feb-07
Time
Discharge (m3/s)
Measurements_Depok
FHM2_Depok
JSM2012_recalibrated; FHM2012C
_Depok
28-jan-07
30-jan-07
01-feb-07
03-feb-07
05-feb-07
07-feb-07
09-feb-07
11-feb-07
Time
900.00
800.00
700.00
600.00
500.00
400.00
300.00
200.00
100.00
0.00
Measurements_Depok
FHM2_Depok
0:
00
702
-0
7
207
12
:0
0
0:
00
60
207
60
12
:0
0
50
207
0:
00
00
12
:
402
-0
7
502
-0
7
0:
00
40
207
:0
0
12
302
-0
7
30
207
:0
0
12
207
20
20
207
0:
00
00
12
:
207
10
207
10
0:
00
JSM2012_recalibrated; FHM2012C
_Depok
0:
00
Discharge (m3/s)
Time
Figure 4.5
The time between the discharge peaks at Katulampa and Panus Depok from the
observed data is about 3.5 hours. The time between the simulated discharge peaks at
Katulampa and Depok is similar. It is observed that the observed peak flow at Panus
Depok is lower than the observed peak flow at Katulampa, while in the model the
computed peak at Panus Depok is higher than at Katulampa. A simulation with imposed
observed flows at Katulampa and the rainfall-runoff for the catchment downstream
Katulampa shows this phenomenon. It can be explained by three reasons:
26
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
The rating curve for high discharges is not very accurate since flow rates where only
measured during low flow conditions (<100 m 3/s). The rating curve has been
extended to high values during the FHM1 study using the hydraulic 1D model. The
curve should be more extensively validated with flow rate measurements in peak
flow conditions.
The roughness of the 1D model during high flows is underestimated. Higher
roughness at the embankments upstream of Depok will reduce the height of the
discharge peak
The rainfall between Katulampa and Depok is overestimated in the 2007 flood
simulation with the FHM.
The Pesanggrahan stations have not improved. The model is more peaky than the
observations at Sawangan station. Also the original FHM model overestimated the
peaks. The increased curve numbers higher estimates of paved area result in a
quicker response to rainfall. As mentioned in the FHM report, the rivers upstream
Sawangan have not been modeled in 1DFlow, so weirs and bridges obstructing the
river flow in high flow conditions are not included in the model. The addition of
information from the S3I project introduced some additional delay, but not enough to
compensate for the faster runoff due to higher estimates of curve numbers.
Observed and computed discharges Sawangan
Discharge (m3/s)
50.00
Measurements_Sawangan
40.00
FHM2_Sawangan
30.00
JSM2012_recalibrated; FHM2012C
_Sawangan
20.00
10.00
0.00
28-jan-07
30-jan-07
01-feb-07
03-feb-07
05-feb-07
07-feb-07
09-feb-07
11-feb-07
Time
Figure 4.6
An important issue is also the quality of the rainfall data, especially the impacts of
having a limited number of reliable rainfall stations. This is shown for the area upstream
Katulampa. This area is divided into twenty (20) sub-catchments in the model.
However, from the rainfall data for each sub-catchment on February 3 2007, it can be
concluded that only 2 (or 3) rainfall stations in the catchment upstream Katulampa have
been used to produce the rainfall time series for the upper sub-catchments.
27
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December 2012
Annex A
Figure 4.7
Figure 4.8 shows the rainfall of most south-eastern three (3) catchments. They have the
rainfall peak on February 3 between 5 and 8:30 oclock in the morning. The other
seventeen (17) sub-catchments also do have rainfall in that period, but have additional
higher rainfall between 10:00 and 13:30 as shown in Figure 4.9. The observed
discharge at Katulampa shown in Figure 4.4 has the peak discharge at 10:30 in the
morning, declining slowly till 15:30, and than dropping sharply. With the largest part of
the catchment having a rainfall pattern with the rainfall peak at 11:00 in the morning or
later, the rainfall-runoff model can never produce the discharge peak at 10:30. It is
concluded that the rainfall distribution used for the 2007 event is not matching with the
actual spatial distribution of the event, due to the limited number of stations with data
availability.
TeeChart
sacr_3919, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3920, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3921, Precipitation [mm]
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
03-2 00:00
Figure 4.8
03-2 02:00
03-2 04:00
03-2 06:00
03-2 08:00
03-2 10:00
03-2 12:00
03-2 14:00
03-2 16:00
03-2 18:00
03-2 20:00
03-2 22:00
04-2 00:00
28
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December 2012
Annex A
TeeChart
sacr_3926, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3908, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3909, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3910, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3913, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3914, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3917, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3911, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3915, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3916, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3918, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3927, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3924, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3925, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3912, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3922, Precipitation [mm]
sacr_3923, Precipitation [mm]
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
03-2 00:00
Figure 4.9
03-2 02:00
03-2 04:00
03-2 06:00
03-2 08:00
03-2 10:00
03-2 12:00
03-2 14:00
03-2 16:00
03-2 18:00
03-2 20:00
03-2 22:00
04-2 00:00
Water Level
3.00
h Depok AWLR validated
telemetric signal (m)
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
26-feb-2011
17-apr-2011
6-jun-2011
26-jul-2011
14-sep-2011
3-nov-2011
23-dec-2011
11-feb-2012
1-apr-2012
21-mei-2012
Time
Figure 4.10
29
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December 2012
Annex A
Validated discharge
350.00
Q R/C KatuLampa (m3/s)
Q R/C Depok (m3/s)
Discharge (m3/s)
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
26-feb-11
17-apr-11
06-jun-11
26-jul-11
14 -sep-11
03-nov-11
23-dec -11
11-fe b-12
01-apr-12
21-mei-12
Time
Figure 4.11
Rainfall (mm/hour)
Citeko
1-05-11
31-05-11
30-06-11
Time
Rainfall (mm/hour)
Citeko
Cilember
1-12-11
31-12-11
30-01-12
29-02-12
Time
Figure 4.12
Hourly rainfall data Cilember (BBWS) and Citeko (CMSS, 3 hourly data disaggregated), 20112012
30
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December 2012
Annex A
Historical rainfall data of Cilember (BBWS) and Citeko (CMSS) for 2011 and 2012 was
used to construct rainfall events for validation purposes. Unfortunately, only these two
stations have shown reliable rainfall data. For the dry season 2011, only Citeko had
data. The average monthly values are 270 mm/month for Citeko in the perid April-June
2011, 630 mm/month for Citeko in the period November 2011-February 2012. The
Cilember rainfall data for November 2011 February 2012 shows a quite doubtful low
value of 125 mm/month only.
Simulations have been done using these rainfall data. No areal reduction factor has
been used. The Cilember rainfall data (if available) has been assigned to about 48% of
the catchment, the other 52% is using the Citeko rainfall. For the April-June 2011
period, the whole catchment has been assigned the Citeko rainfall.
This means the rainfall in April-June in general will be probably overestimated, although
specific events will have been missed (in case of no rain at Citeko). This is also visible
in the results, shown in Figure 4.13. For instance, the observations show a flow peak
on 22nd May 2011, but this is missed in the computed discharges due to limited or no
rain at Citeko. On the other hand, the flow peak on 27th May 2011 is overestimated in
the model (Citeko rainfall is not representative for the whole catchment)
Given the limitations in rainfall data we focused only on the general pattern, and
approximate peak heights. Also the initial conditions were only put at default values,
which for the May 2011 simulation period is apparently too wet, given the fact that the
computed flow at Katulampa is higher and peakier than the observed flows early May.
For the other periods it is concluded from the graphs that the models performs
reasonably good.
31
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December 2012
Annex A
110.00
100.00
Discharge (m3/s)
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
02-mei-11
07-mei-11
12-mei-11
17-mei-11
22-mei-11
27-mei-11
01-jun-11
06-jun-11
11-jun-11
16-jun-11
21-jun-11
26-jun-11
Time
Discharge (m3/s)
160.00
140.00
120.00
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.0001-nov-11
21-nov-11
11-dec-11
31-dec-11
20-jan-12
09-feb-12
Time
Figure 4.13
32
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December 2012
Annex A
Figure 4.14
Plot of the available rainfall stations (red dots) and the Jakarta basin (in gray)
33
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December 2012
Annex A
Table 4.1
Station
Cengkareng
Batavia/Jakarta Pusat
Tanahabang
Kemayoran
Jatinegara
Tangerang
Perk. Karawaci
Kebayoran Lama
Pasar Minggu
Ragunan
Jatipadang
Cililitan
Ciputat
Depok
Parung
Gunung Sindur
Bojonggede
Citajam
Ciluar (Land Ciluar)
Kedung Alang
Bogor (Dam Empang)
Muara
Gunung Geulis
Pasirangin
CIogrek
Cidokom
Alun-Alun
Gunungmas
Mandalawangi
25
179
172
163
177
181
151
146
142
152
149
160
136
156
171
157
172
171
164
190
182
191
161
178
172
189
180
133
168
176
50
202
190
181
196
203
165
162
156
166
164
177
150
174
189
173
191
187
179
206
194
209
173
192
185
205
201
142
183
196
100
225
208
198
215
224
180
179
169
180
178
195
163
191
206
188
210
203
194
222
206
227
184
207
197
222
221
152
199
215
150
238
219
208
226
236
188
188
177
188
186
205
171
201
217
197
221
212
202
232
214
237
191
216
205
231
233
157
208
226
200
248
226
215
234
245
194
195
182
194
192
212
177
209
224
204
229
218
208
238
219
245
196
222
210
238
241
161
214
233
250
255
232
221
240
252
199
200
186
198
196
217
181
214
230
209
235
223
213
244
223
251
199
227
214
243
248
164
219
240
500
278
250
238
259
273
213
217
200
212
211
234
195
232
247
224
254
239
228
260
235
269
211
241
227
259
268
174
235
258
1000
301
268
255
278
294
228
233
213
226
225
251
208
249
265
240
272
255
243
276
247
287
222
256
239
275
288
183
250
277
Since daily rainfall is limited to a fixed 24-hour interval (typically from 7:00 AM till 7:00
AM) there is a difference between maximum daily rainfall and maximum 24 hour rainfall.
Analyses in FHM1 showed that the 24 hour rainfall is on the average 12% higher than
the daily rainfall. A correction factor of 1.12 is therefore applied to get from maximum
daily rainfall to maximum 24 hour rainfall. For the design events, daily resolution is too
coarse, we need at least design events with hourly rainfall. Based on the DKI-310 study
a typical distribution of hourly rainfall is used to get from daily to hourly rainfall (see
Figure 4.15). The resulting hourly rainfall data per station is interpolated to subcatchment rainfall using Thiessen polygons. Also an area reduction factor (ARF) of 0.9
is applied to get from station rainfall to sub-catchment rainfall. In this way design events
have been derived for the whole basin, and also separately for only the catchment
upstream of Katulampa.
34
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December 2012
Annex A
percentage rainfall
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
hour in day
Figure 4.15
The design events with constructed with three initial days using an initial rainfall event,
then the design event with specified return period on day 4, and then 4 days with no
rainfall to allow for computation of system recession.
Current practice PU and BBWS
From studies of design reports of the detailed studies we describe in chapter 5, formal
design practices differ from the hydrological and dynamic approaches used in the
FHM framework. Rainfall recurrence is derived with an extreme value analysis, analogy
to the method used in the FHM framework.
Rainfall is converted to runoff using the rational method (Q = Rainfall X Area). This
method is suitable in e.g. urban areas, where initial conditions usually do not have a
significant contribution to total runoff. However, in the case of the Ciliwung, extreme
water levels and floods are often occurring in periods of high rainfall. A few days of high
rainfall intensities will result in a high base-flow. In such cases, runoff is the sum of the
runoff due to the current event and the base-flow already present due to rainfall events
in the previous days.
The absence of base-flow does not imply the rational method underestimates discharge
by definition. Absence of hydrological descriptions for storage and retention can also
result in an overestimation of discharge due to rainfall.
Hydraulic functioning of river systems are evaluated using steady state simulations
usually only applied on the river or canal segment in consideration. Interactions
between canal systems, especially in the polder systems of Jakarta are thereby
neglected. Also, effects of river canalisation projects on downstream water bodies are
also neglected using steady state models. For example, it is well possible that the
canalisation of the Ciliwung upstream Manggarai will have a negative impact on the
35
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December 2012
Annex A
discharge peaks on the Banjir Kanal Barat. With steady state models, such impacts
cannot be quantified.
Runoff comparison of FHM design events and current practice
The design events have been evaluated using the rainfall-runoff module of the FHM
modeling framework. The results are given in terms of maximum runoff in mm per 15
minutes for each sub-catchment (hydrological unit). The delay within the catchment to
the river is included in the rainfall-runoff process (using a unit hydrograph), but delay in
the rivers or canals (either modeled as 1D-river branches or RR-routing links) is NOT
included in these numbers. The numbers thus only indicate how the maximum rainfall is
transformed into runoff. Table 4.2 shows example results for one of the most upstream
sub-catchments upstream Katulampa. For increasing rainfall intensity, the model of
course computes higher runoff intensities. At a certain moment the soil is saturated, and
additional rainfall is transformed into direct runoff. For this sub-catchment with the 2012
land-use that is happening for return periods larger than 100 years (rainfall intensity >
17 mm / 15 minutes)
Table 4.2
Max. rainfall
8.48 9.6
Max. runoff
0.99 1.08 1.23 1.33 1.49 1.60 1.72 2.44 3.16 3.72 5.33
10
25
50
1000
11.3 12.5 14.4 15.68 17.05 17.83 18.33 18.78 20.13 21.43
6.80
36
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December 2012
Annex A
Figure 4.16
Figure 4.17
The runoff characteristics change when the land-use changes. This is elaborated upon
in task 2.B.
37
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December 2012
Annex A
Task 2.B.
Figure 4.18
Difference between JSM 2050 and JSM 2012 land use, expressed in Curve Numbers
38
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December 2012
Annex A
Table 4.3 shows the example results for the same catchment sacr_3919 upstream
Katulampa as used in Table 4.2. The land use changes for this sub-catchment are
small: the curve number is increasing from 62 to 64.
Table 4.3
Max. rainfall
8.48 9.6
0.99 1.08 1.23 1.33 1.49 1.60 1.72 2.44 3.16 3.72 5.33 6.80
1.00 1.10 1.25 1.35 1.52 1.63 1.75 2.48 3.22 3.79 5.41 6.96
10
25
50
11.3 12.5 14.4 15.68 17.05 17.83 18.33 18.78 20.13 21.43
39
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December 2012
Annex A
5.1
This case study consists of plans of BBWSCC to decrease the flooding hazard of
densely populated (floodplain) areas along the upper Ciliwung between Manggarai gate
and the Depok. The plans contains of the following components:
Normalisation of the Upper Ciliwung between Manggarai and the tollroad halfway
to Depok, including both enlargement of cross-sections, placing of sheetpiles and
bend cutting;
Placement of an additional gate next to the existing two gates of Manggarai, with
the same dimensions as the other two. This will effectively increase the discharge
capacity of Manggarai.
Placement of an additional gate next to the existing four gates of Karet gate, with
the same dimensions as the other four. This will increase the conveyance capacity
of the gate.
In theory, all of these measures reduce the water level upstream of the measure, so
they might indeed reduce the flood hazard of populated floodplains between Manggarai
and Depok. However, the measures might also reduce both the travel time and wave
attunuation of a floodwave between Depok and Karet. This might actually result in
higher water levels downstream of Manggarai gate.
Both of these hypotheses can be checked with the Sobek FHM model, making this a
very good testcase for the off-line component of the FMIS project. Part of the work was
carried out during the formal and informal trainings with the counterparts from PU-DKI
and BBWSCC.
In order to check the effects of the proposed measures, the FMIS team collected the
following design plans from BBWSCC:
ACAD drawings of a new design of Upper Ciliwung from the tollroad to Manggarai,
from consultant PT Daya Cipta Dianrancana, commissioned by BBWSCC, dated
Junu 23, 2008.
PPT Presentasi Draft Akhir Pintu Air by consultant PT.Mugi Reka Perdana for
BBWSCC, presenting showing a design for an extension of Manggarai and Karet
gates, dated april 5, 2012.
The proposed design according to the ACAD drawings from BBWSCC presented some
issues, as the bed levels of the cross sections did not fit properly with the levels
according to the other datasets (the DEM of the surrounding area and the surveyed bed
levels according to the JICA 2008 survey). At the toll road (halfway between Manggarai
and Depok) the bed level according to BB was around 13m higher than according to the
other sources. The average slope of the surveyed bed level was also very different from
the other sources. Based on these findings, the team decided to follow the average
slope over the entire stretch between toll road and Manggarai based on the original
JICA survey, but assume the cross sections to have uniform, prismatic shape according
to the design trapezium found in the BB design.
Deltares, HKV, PusAir , ITB, Royal HaskoningDHV
40
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December 2012
Annex A
The proposed design of the extension of Manggarai Gate and Karet gate also
presented some issues, as some of the values given in PPT Presentasi Draft Akhir
Pintu Air by PT.Mugi Reka Perdana simply cannot be correct. Some examples:
the maximum opening level of the proposed new gate at Karet is stated to be 7.5
m +PP, and the maximum height of the opening is defined as 8.1 m. This would
mean that the sill has a crest level of -0.5 m +PP. Instead, this level is defined as
+1.0 m +PP. The value for the crest level of -0.5 m +PP corresponds to other data
sources and is the most logical choice, so it was assumed that the value given by
the consultant in the PPT was in fact a typing mistake.
It is stated that in the existing situation, Karet gate consists of 2 parellel gates with
a total width of 11m. This is not true Karet has in fact 4 gates with a total width
of 22.4 m
The crest level of the sill at Manggarai gate is stated to be +2.05 according to an
unspecified reference level. From other sources we know that this level is actually
1.1m +PP.
The maximum gate opening of Manggarai gate is stated to be 6.69m., while this is
in fact around 8.0 m.
The FMIS team resolved the issues raised by assuming that for both Karet and
Manggarai the design of the additional gate is identical to those of the existing gates.
Next, the FMIS team updated the FHM model of the current 2012 situation 2012REF
with this data to reflect the situation after completion of the measures 2012C1.
To analyse the effect of these measures, the team first carried out simulations under
stationary conditions, with a constant discharge of 500m3/ through Ciliwung river. This
is the design discharge used by BBWSCC. The gate to the lower Ciliwung was
assumed to be closed during the simulations. Figure 5.1 shows sideviews along
Ciluwing and WBC from Depok to Karet gate for both 2012REF/500m3/s and
2012C1/500m3/s. The lowering of the water table by a maximum of 4 metres is a direct
result of the normalisation of Ciliwing and widening of Manggarai and Karet.
50
0.5
45
40
-0.5
MES
-1
35
DES
30
Effect
25
-1.5
-2
20
-2.5
15
-3
10
-3.5
Effect of Ciliwung Normalisation and enlargement of Manggarai & Karet gates on maximum Ciliwung
water levels
-4
-4.5
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Chainage along Ciliwung from toll road (0) to Manggarai (65,000) (in m)
Figure 5.1
Effect of proposed design cross sections on Q500 water level along Ciliwung from Depok to
the river mouth at Muara Angke
41
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December 2012
Annex A
Further investigation of the new design revealed that the proposed design cross
sections are actually very large compared to the existing cross sections, see Figure 5.2,
Figure 5.3 and Figure 5.4. The wetted area is increased to such an extent that the
maximum water levels during Q500m3/s conditions decrease by a maximum along the
Ciliwung of 4 metres. This is a very large effect, and raises some doubt whether the
new design has been optimised from an economical point of view.
14
12
10
Existing CRS 25
Design CRS 25
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72
Figure 5.2
28
Existing CRS 51
Design CRS 51
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72
Figure 5.3
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
Existing CRS 75
Design CRS 75
8
6
4
2
0
0
Figure 5.4
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56
42
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December 2012
Annex A
To analyse the effect of these measures on the flood pattern during extreme conditions,
the FHM team carried out a new simulation with 2012C1 for the rainfall event of 2007.
Figure 5.5 shows maps of the maximum inundation depths during the 2007 event for
2012REF/2007 and 2012C1/2007.
Figure 5.5
study 1 - effect of Normalisation of Ciliwung and widening of Manggarai and Karet gate on the
maximum inundation depths during 2007 rainfall event.
The combined effect of the three case studies and other known flood mitigation plans
on the flood pattern during a number of events is explained and discussed in paragraph
4.5 (proposed flood intervention measures).
The proposed design has a few disadvantages:
The high vertical walls give the cross sections a very large conveyance capacity
during low flow situations. This makes the proposed channel design very difficult
to maintain: the average flow velocities will decrease, resulting in more
sedimentation than is the case right now. This is especially true for the lower
section in the center of the profile it will probably take little time for this section of
the profile to be fully sedimentated.
Based on these findings, it is advised to re-evaluate the design of the Upper Ciliwung.
5.2
Case study 2 Closing the Muara Karang & design of the Jelembar polder
The Muara Karang is one of the canals where water is still flowing under gravity to the
Java Bay. Due to subsidence, the canal embankments are continuously improved.
These improvements will have to continue in case the subsidence can not be stopped.
Deltares, HKV, PusAir , ITB, Royal HaskoningDHV
43
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December 2012
Annex A
Figure 5.6
In Figure 5.7 a redesign of the Muara Karang is proposed. At the sea the Muara Karang
is dammed. The small catchment downstream of the BKB which still discharges to the
Muara Karang is diverted to Pluit via the Pluit Indah. Water upstream of the BKB siphon
is diverted elsewhere (the Jelembar polder).
Figure 5.7
Sketch of the Muara Karang system now (left) and proposed design (right) to reduce the
length for which sea protection is needed
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As shown Figure 5.8, maximum water levels at the Muara Karang can easily be
dropped with 2 meters in a T=100 rainfall event by this solution. As shown in Figure 5.9
the increase in water level at Pluit due to the 120 ha extra connected is only 25
centimetre in the same rainfall event. With all the normalization works of JEDI, the
construction of the extra pump at Pluit by JICA and the construction of the new pump at
Pasar Ikan by PU-DKI this difference will decrease.
Figure 5.8
Water levels at the Muara Karang with (red line) or without (blue line) closing the Muara
Karang under a T100 event.
Figure 5.9
Water levels at Pluit with (red line) or without (blue line) closing the Muara Karang under a
T100 event.
With the Muara Karang, water from the Jelembar polder will have to be diverted.
However, this area is already becoming a polder. Closing the Muara Karang makes it
possible to use the Lower Grogol and Tobagus Ange as a long storage and pump the
water either to the BKB or Lower Angke (See Figure 5.10). Keeping the siphon to the
BKB open would make it possible to combine the Jelembar polder with the Pluit polder
so they can serve as each others backup.
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Figure 5.10
Sketch of the Jelembar polder now (right) and proposed design (left) to discharge water from
the polder either with pumps to the BKB or Lower Angke. The polder is closed by the gates at
the Lower Grogol (1) and Tobagus Angke (2). The polder is drained by pumps either at the
BKB (A) or Lower Angke (B)
Figure 5.11 shows the maximum water levels with the proposed design (red line) and
the reference situation (blue). It is clear that the maximum water levels at the Lower
Grogol will be lower in case it is used as a long storage. The pump operates at a level
op 0m + PP (referenced at BMPP60). This is about 1.2 meter lower than mean sea
level, increasing the storage capacity of the Jelembar polder and reducing the level at
the discharge peak even though the water can not be discharged via the Muara Karang.
Lower Grogol
Figure 5.11
BKB syphon
Muara Karang
Effect of the new design on the water levels (red line) at the Jelembar Polder and Muara
Karang in a T100 simulation, compared with the T100 reference water level (blue). This
simulation assumes that a the Jelembar pump discharges to the BKB.
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5.3
ACAD drawings of a design for Pesanggrahan from consultant PT. Indra Karya et
al., commissioned by BBWSCC, dated october 24,2011.
Mookervart 50 m3/s;
Figure 5.12 through Figure 5.15 show a comparison between the backwater curves for
the 2012REF and 2012C3 situation for the Pesanggrahan, Angke, Mookervart and
Cengkareng Floodway. Backwater from Cengkareng floodway plays an important role
in the water levels on downstream sections of the Angke, Mookervart and
Pesanggrahan. This means that the increased conveyance capacity of the Cengkareng
Floodway results in lower water levels of the upstream branches, making this a very
effective measure in preventing problems in a large part of this system.
Note that this backwater effect is not taken into account when a channel design is
based purely on the rational method in combination with a simplified momentum
equation (like Mannings equation). This is in fact common practice for consultants in
Jakarta.
Figure 5.12 illustrates the effect of the proposed design cross sections for the entire
Cengkareng system on the stationary Q205 water levels of the Pesanggrahan river.
There is a lowering backwater effect from the Cengkareng Floodway of some 1.5 metre.
Along the reach in upstream direction, the lowering of the Q205 water level varies
between 1 and 2.6 metres as a combined result of the Cengkareng backwater and the
normalisation of the Pesanggrahan itself.
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Effect of Cengkareng system Normalisation (incl Pesanggrahan) on maximum water levels during
205m3/s stationary
30
2
2012REF Q205
2012C3 Q205
25
20
15
-1
10
-2
-3
0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Effect
-4
30000
Chainage along Pesanggrahan to confluence with Cengkareng floodway (at 29,600m) (in m)
Figure 5.12
The effect of the proposed design cross sections on the water levels in the Pesanggrahan
during stationary 205 m3/s discharge
Figure 5.13 shows the effect of the proposed design cross sections for the entire
Cengkareng system on the stationary Q205 water levels of the Angke river. This graph
is quite different from the previous one - the lowering backwater effect from the
Cengkareng Floodway amounts to some 0.5 metre, but this is quickly turned into an
actual increase of the water level in the design situation 2012C3 compared to the
2012REF. The increase reaches around 1.5 metre some 3200m upstream from the
confluence with the Cengkareng Floodway. Most of the increase in water level occurs in
the first (downstream) 2000 metres from the confluence.
Figure 5.16 compares the original surveyed cross section with the new design cross
section. From this figure, we can conclude that the conveyance capacity of the design
cross section is indeed smaller that that of the surveyed cross section in the reference
model. This will of course lead to higher water levels. However, the increase in water
levels might not be so much of an issue, because the new design contains very high
sheetpiles as embankments on both sides. This allows for much higher water levels in
the river before actual overtopping would commence. As will become clear later on, the
new design actually reduces flood hazards during extreme events like the 2007 event.
It is however recommended to do a new survey of the cross section at this location to
find out whether the current surveyed profile in the model is correct. Depending on the
outcome of this survey, the 2012REF model should be adjusted.
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Effect of Normalisation of Cengkareng system (incl Angke) on maximum water levels on Angke
during 135 m3/s stationary
2012REF
14
2.5
2012C3
12
Effect
1.5
1
8
0.5
6
10
-0.5
4
-1
2
-1.5
0
-2
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Chainage along Angke to confluence with Cengkareng Floodway (at 12,250m) (in m)
Figure 5.13
the effect of the proposed design cross sections on the water levels in the Angke during
stationary 160 m3/s discharge
Water levels at the Mookervart are dominated by the backwater from the Cengkareng
Floodway. The new design cross sections of the Mookervart do not really add much in
terms of effect. This is also explained by the fact that the actual catchment of the
Mookervart channel is very small. During flood conditions, it acts more as a long
storage for the Cengkareng Floodway than as an actual conveying channel.
This means that the added value of a normalisation of Mookervart channel is quite
limited.
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0
2012REF
3.5
-0.2
2012C3
-0.4
2.5
-0.6
-0.8
1.5
-1
-1.2
0.5
-1.4
Effect
3
-1.6
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Chainage along Mookervart towards confluence with Cengkareng FLoodway (at 6500m) (in m)
Figure 5.14
The effect of the proposed design cross sections on the water levels in the Mookervart during
stationary 50 m3/s discharge
0
2012REF
4.5
-0.2
2012C3
4
Effect
-0.4
-0.6
3
2.5
-0.8
-1
3.5
1.5
-1.2
1
-1.4
0.5
0
-1.6
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Chainage along Cengkareng from confluence with Angke (0) to river mouth (at 7300 m) (in m)
Figure 5.15
The effect of the proposed design cross sections on the water levels in the Cengkareng
Floodway during stationary 265 m3/s discharge
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6. 5
AK1
6
DES_AK_P1
5. 5
5
4. 5
4
3. 5
3
2. 5
2
1. 5
1
0. 5
0
- 0 . 5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2 3 4 3 6 3 8 4 0 4 2 4 4 4 6 4 8 5 0 5 2 5 4 5 6 5 8 6 0 6 2 6 4 6 6 6 8 7 0 7 2 7 4
-1
- 1. 5
-2
Figure 5.16
Comparison of surveyed cross section AK1 (original) according to ## and proposed design
cross section P1, located close to the downstream confluence with Cengkareng Floodway
Figure 5.17 shows the effect of the proposed redesign of Angke, Pesanggrahan,
Mookervart and Cengkareng Floodway system on the inundation pattern for the 2007
rainfall event. When we compare this pattern to the one for the reference situation
2012REF (paragraph 4.2), it is clear that the redesign indeed prevents some flooding in
the Cengareng Floodway catchment. Most of the effect should be attributed to the
design of the Cengkareng Floodway itself. The redesign of the Angke also seems to be
quite effective, as it prevents some overtopping along the Angke in the direction of
Mookervart. The normalisation of Pesanggrahan prevents some small scale inundation
along this river.
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Figure 5.17
Case Study 3 effect of proposed design cross sections of Upper Ciliwung and widening of
Manggarai & Karet gates on maximum inundation depths during 2007 rainfall event
5.4
Proposed flood intervention measures
Since the major flooding of 2007, PU, BBWSCC and PU-DKI have formulated a large
number of flood intervention measures to prevent similar floods from happening in the
future. The most important measures have been discussed in the previous paragraphs.
When we combine these cases together with the proposed dredging works from the
Jakarta Emergency Dredging Initiative (JEDI) in the downstream part of the system, the
result could be called the flood intervention strategy from the responsible authorities for
the coming years.
It is of course very interesting to analyse the combined effect of this package of
measures on the inundation extent of the 2007 rainfall event. When we compare the
results to those of the current 2012 situation (paragraph 4.2), it becomes possible to
evaluate whether the additional measures indeed have the intended effect or not.
Figure 5.18 shows he maximum inundation depths for the proposed flood intervention
strategy 2012FIS during the 2007 rainfall event. The proposed measures reduce
flooding in a large part of Jakarta, but some areas remain very vulnerable to inundation.
The lower part of the Cengkareng Floodway system would still largely be flooded; if a
2007 rainfall event would occur again. On the other side of the area, along the Cakung
Drain in the East, flooding would also still occur.
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Figure 5.18
With the FHM a total map of flood hazards is flood hazards for the entire project area.
This will be described in Chapter 6.
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With the FHM framework a flood hazard map has been created which is representative
for the year 2012. The flood hazard map indicates which are the areas most and least
prone to flooding and the areas which are not considered to be subjective to fluvial
flooding.
There is an important remark regarding the use of such maps. The FHM framework can
only calculate flood hazards caused by overtopping of river embankments. As this is the
main cause of flooding in Jakarta, such maps give a good indication on where the most
and least hazard areas are. Flooding caused by intensive local rainfall are not
modelled. Also, failure of structures or levees is not considered.
Also, maps indicating hazards under land use change and subsidence are made as well
as a map showing the effectiveness of measures.
6.1
Figure 6.1 shows the flood hazard map representative for 2012. Light blue areas are
high flood prone areas. Dark blue areas are indicating areas which only flood in a
recurrence period of more than 100 till 1000 years.
Figure 6.1
In most flood planes the flood hazard is high. In the Angke and Cakung rivers the
flood plane is not incorporated in the 2D module of the FHM framework.
Deltares, HKV, PusAir , ITB, Royal HaskoningDHV
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6.2
Figure 6.2 and Figure 6.3 show the flood hazard maps for increasing urbanization for
the years 2025 and 2050 respectively. Figure 6.4 shows the increase in inundated area
related to the recurrence interval.
Visually the chance of fluvial flooding does not change a lot due to land-use change in
the catchment (mainly upstream Depok). However, it must be noted that it is likely that
local flooding in the Depok area will increase as well as other negative impacts of land
use change such as land slides. All these phenomena are not included in the FHM
framework.
Figure 6.2
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Figure 6.3
Flooded area
140.0
2012
2025 LU
2050 LU
120.0
Area (km2)
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Figure 6.4
6.2.2
Figure 6.5 shows the flood hazard map for 2025 under the current subsidence rate.
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The increase is in the same order as the effect of land use change on flooded area.
This is shown in Figure 6.6.
Figure 6.5
Flooded area
140.0
2012
2025 Subsidence
120.0
Area (km2)
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Figure 6.6
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Figure 6.7 shows that if subsidence and land use change continues there can be
severe problems expected in 2050, when roughly the first 5-7 km inland from the
Jakarta Bay will be flooded permanently by overtopping of embankments from the sea.
Figure 6.7
Flood hazard map for 2050. Assuming no mitigating measures, taking into account land use
change and subsidence
Flooded area
250.0
2012
2050
Area (km2)
200.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Figure 6.8
Recurrence versus inundated area (km2) in 2050, taking into account land use change and
subsidence
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6.3
As shown in Figure 6.9 and Figure 6.10 the impact of the hard work of PU-DKI and
BBWSCC overall has a positive impact on the flooding of Jakarta. The impact of the
measures seems to be higher than the impact of subsidence or land-use change.
However, it is also shown that there is still a long way to go before Jakarta is only
expected to be flooded once every 100 years.
Figure 6.9
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Flooded area
140.0
2012
2012 measures
120.0
Area (km2)
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Figure 6.10
Recurrence versus inundated area (km2) in 2012, with and without proposed measures
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7.1
Boundary data
The FHM model is also incorporated in J-FEWS. The model uses the astronomical tide
as a downstream boundary. Rainfall is supplied by one of the following sources with
reducing priority BPPT radar (1), interpolated gauged data (2), TRMM rainfall data (3),
value zero (4).
Due to the local nature of rainfall, calibrated radar data would be the preferable source
for the online rainfall-runoff model. BBPT uncalibrated is the next best product due to
the very poor quality and availability of gauged data in Jakarta. If the BPPT radar fails,
interpolated gauged data is used. Data is spatially distributed by fixed Thiessen
polygons. Both sources can give reliable water level predictions.
If also no gauge is available for a given polygon, rainfall data measured by the TRMM
satellite is used. This source is only used as a next-best source and its primary
function is to update the states of the hydrological model. Flood predictions based on
TRMM rainfall data with a temporal resolution of 3 hours and grid size of 28x28km are
highly uncertain. However, good results have been obtained in hydrological studies. If
all data is offline, 0 rainfall will be the input for the hydrological model.
7.2
Initial conditions
The Rainfall-Runoff and 1D model use input and output as input and output states.
These states are exported and imported by J-FEWS every model run.
7.3
The J-FEWS version of the FHM framework uses a 200x200meter primary DEM to
speed-up calculation times. During the JCP programme, it is shown that no significant
changes in computed 1D water level will occur, when the DEM is scaled from 100x100
to 200x200. The 2D storage is still well incorporated in the model. Also flood patterns
will largely stay the same. Local flood depths and velocities are not considered very
reliable on such a coarse DEM.
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Centroid
DrainID
X
Y
Hydrology
DrainID
downstreamGauge
discharge method
longest path
Slope
CN
PumpingStation
retention
Retention
ID_Retention
Type
Name
Area
SOP
PumpingStation
ID_PumpingStation
SOP
Pumps
ID_Pump
ID of an individual pump
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Capacity
ID_PumpingStation
The following tables are prepared for three time horizons, 2012, 2025 an 2050, so it
allows the user to assess the projected changes in the HUs.
Con(time horizon>
DrainID
population
land_use_1
Land_use_1_prc
Land_use_2
Land_use_2_prc
Vegetation_1
Vegetation_1_prc
Vegetation_2
Vegetation_2_prc
Pervious
Impervious
Tidal influence
subsidence_average
subsidence_maximum
AreaElev<time
horizon>
DrainID
ID for the Hydrological Unit
percentage
Non exceedance %
elevation
Elevation corresponding with non-exceedance level
Runoff
DrainID
2007
1rec
2rec
5rec
10rec
25rec
50rec
100rec
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Admin
Is a table containing information for Desa, Kecamatan, dan Province where the HU is
located. The source for this data comes from two different sources,
2005 BPS data for area outside DKI Jakarta
2007 DPT for area inside Jakarta
GIS files for the administrative boundary was intersected with keydata to include
DrainID into the related administrative area.
Through GIS analysis The DKI area from 2005 BPS was replaced with 2007 DPT for
DKI.
Centroid
Was created using ArcHydro tools.
Hydrology
Hydrology is table consist of DrainID, CN, Longest flowpath, Slope,
DownstreamGage, DischargeMethods, PumpingStation, and Retention
CN value was estimated using the following procedure
o JSM describes the land use per desa
o The following tables gives the relation between CN values and land use
Code Land Use
Bahasa
2
Air Tawar
3
Belukar/Semak
4
Gedung
7
Kebun/Perkebunan
8
Pasir Darat
11
Permukiman
12
Rawa
13
Rumput/Tanah kosong
14
Sawah Irigasi
15
Sawah Tadah Hujan
16
Tambak/Empang
17
Tanah Berbatu
18
Tegalan/Ladang
o
o
English
Fresh Water
Bush
Building
Plantation
Sandy soil
Residential
Swamp
Barren
Irrigated paddy field
Rainfed paddy field
Fish pond
Rocky soil
Agriculture
CN II
CN III
100
60
85
65
65
90
60
75
50
56
90
85
75
100.0
77.5
92.9
81.0
81.0
95.4
77.5
87.3
69.7
74.5
95.4
92.9
87.3
Using the table, the weighted CN value was determined per desa
Then, the value per HU was determined.
Retention
Retention is a table created based on 2007 FHM project file for Waduk and Situ, It has
the area and identification with naming convention start with W for waduk and S for
Situ.
PumpingStation
It is a point feature showing location of pumping station based on pumps shapefile from
2007 FHM project, The naming convention for ID_PumpingStation is started with the
first letter of Wilayah, for instance U001, means pumping station number 001 in wilayah
Jakarta Utara.
Deltares, HKV, PusAir , ITB, Royal HaskoningDHV
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Pump
It is a table consists of pumps description in each pumping station. This table is created
based on pumps.
The ID_Pumps naming convention is preceded by
ID_PumpingStation followed by 3-digits of specific pump ID.
Con2012 / 2025 / 2050
It is a table about existing condition especially for land-use. Information from the JSM
model was used
Elevation
The elevation for 2012 is based on:
- spot heights for Jakarta
- contour lines for Jakarta
- SRTM data for the whole area.
A DEM of 25 by 25 was constructed for the whole area, where detailed data (spot
heights and contour lines) were available, these were used. Outside that area the
SRTM data were applied. This resulted in the DEM, valid for 2007. Applying the
subsidence set prepared by Fugro, we determined the 2012 DEM, by assuming 5 years
of subsidence since 2007.
For 2025 and 2050, similar steps were done, by extrapolating the yearly subsidence.
Mean Sea Level
The average sea level is estimated to be at 1.2 m + BMPP60 (bench mark Pasar
Rabo). Several reports indicate that due to Climate Change, sea levels are expected to
rise. Several numbers related to sea level rise are mentioned in the IPCC reports, and
all experts indicate something between just regional and relative slight increase an 1.30
meters in the next hundred years or even 4 meters upto the year 2200, but all
presented with quite an uncertainty.
Within the HU database we included MSL data for 2012, 2025 an 2050, principally in
order to have the database ready to include these numbers, when more will be known.
We included the following numbers:
Year
2012
2025
2050
MSL (BMPP60)
1.20
1.25
1.30
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Upon opening the database, the user will be able to access all the information, through
a user-friendly interface. The following information becomes available, if a user selects
a Hydrological Unit (using the standard ArcGIS functionality ):
- General information regarding the Province, Kecamatan, Kabupaten and
desa(s) in which the selected Hydrological Unit is located.
- Hydrologic information regarding the selected HU, such as the name of the
downstream gauging station (mainly applicable in the upstream area), the
discharge method (is it pumped, or drained by gravity), whether there are
pumping stations and / or retention areas in the selected Hydrological Unit.
- Runoff, present information on the peak discharge from the selected HU, as
calculated by the Modelling Framework for the 2007 event, and discharge for
design events (return periods are 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years).
- Conditions for time horizons 2012, 2025 and 2050. Information includes the
population in the HU, the percentage (im)pervious and the most dominant
classes of land use in the HU are shown. The database allows for more
information (especially dominant class of vegetation), but during the project we
were not able to obtain such information.
- Other conditions include elevation-exceedance curves, which shows which
percentage of an HU is located lower than a certain elevation. Example is given
in Figure 7.5. This figure shows that 50 % of the area is lower that about 1.00 m
PP. The green line indicates the Mean Sea Level (MSL), meaning that 35 % of
the area of the selected Hydrological Unit is locate lower than MSL. The
elevation-exceedance curves are also prepared for 2025 as well as 2050, taken
into account the most up-to-data subsidence data.
In this chapter, the functionality of the viewer is described. After clicking on the HUviewer button (the middle one in Figure 7.1), an docked window appears in ArcGIS, with
Geo-database in the header. Click on Geo-database en select Open (see Figure
7.2)
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The only file that can be selected now is a HU Geodatabase. Selecting the correct
HU.mdb can be done using the standard Windows Interface. In case another *.mdb file
is selected, an error message similar as in Figure 7.3 appears.
After the selection of a proper HU database, ArcGIS shows the screen as shown in
Figure 7.4.
Using the select button (which is standard functionality in ArcGIS, button looks like
the user can select one of the 449 Hydrological Units.
),
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Software Requirements
The following two should be installed on the computer:
- .NET Framework version 2 installed
- ArcGIS 9.2 including servicepack 3
Doubleclick on HUsetup.msi to start installation, the following screen appears:
In this screen, the user can select where the application will be installed. If desirable, the
user can select another installation folder, by clicking on Browse, if the user agrees
with the proposed folder, click on next.
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Clicking on next now will start the actual installation process. During the installation
(which will take 1 or 2 minutes), the following screens is visible:
Upon completion of the installation process, the user gets the following information:
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Open ArcGIS, select from the Tools menu the Customize option. Doing that, the
following screen appears:
Click on Add from file navigate to the directory where you have installed the
application. Default location C:\Program Files\Hydrological Unit Viewer; however the
user could have change this during step in which the select installation folder was
approved.
The user should select the file FHM2.tlb, and click on Open.
The application now makes the tool available in ArcGIS and fhe following message
appears:
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Click on OK.
Now, you are back at the Customize option from the Tools menu. Search for Flood
Hazard Mapping 2, select the Marker before it, and after doing that click close.
We recommend to restart ArcGIS prior to the first time you want to work with the tools.
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D.1.1
Design Events
Introduction
Design events are extreme rainfall/discharge events with an estimated return period.
They represent the maximum hydraulic load on the system that is expected to occur in
a given return period. They are generally used for the design of a system of water
bodies (canals, reservoirs, dikes etc.). In this report the design events consist of a
combination of (area) rainfall and sea water levels. Figure 1.1 shows a schematic view
of the application of design events, in the flood hazard mapping component of the
Jakarta floods project. For design purposes the combined rainfall-runoff model and
hydraulic model transforms the design event into maximum water levels and discharges
at several locations. Based on these computations one can determine the required
capacity (design) of the river system in order to safely handle these events.
Figure 7.6 shows that design events can be used for this purpose as well. The model
system will simulate the flood event for several design events with selected return
periods. Based on these simulations, flood probabilities can be derived and presented
in a map. The remainder of this document will deal with the derivation of design rainfall
only
design
rainfall
design sea
water level
runoff
model
river
model
Figure 7.6
flood
model
flood
hazard
maps
Schematic view of the Jakarta Flood Hazard Mapping Framework and the application of
design events
Return periods
Design events and also actual flood events are often expressed in terms of
frequency/probability or return period. For example, the 10-year flood event is an
event with a return period of 10 years. This means that:
on average this type of event or an even more extreme event will occur once every 10
years under the present conditions in the basin.
The italic parts of this definition require some further explanation:
On average refers to the fact that directly after a 10 year event it should not be
anticipated that it takes exactly 10 years before the next 10-year event occurs. I.e. it
can happen again the next year or, reversely, it may take 30 years before it happens
again. Basically, every year there is a probability of 1/10 that this type of event occurs.
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An even more extreme event means that return periods refer to the exceedance of a
certain threshold instead of occurrence. Assume, for the sake of argument, that the
severity of an event is characterised by the magnitude of the observed peak discharge
in a river. If a certain threshold peak discharge has a return period of 10 years, this
means this peak discharge is exceeded on average once every 10 years.
Under the present conditions: Conditions in the catchment will change constantly.
Especially in Jabodetabek the rapid urbanisation is likely to have a significant influence
on the runoff behaviour and, consequently, on return periods of river discharges. Other
possible influence on return periods of river discharges are climate change and
structural measures in the river system (like the realisation of the Jakarta Emergency
Dredging Initiative).
Statistical analysis of rainfall
Data
Deltares has data at its disposal from a large number (215) of rainfall stations in West
Java from various sources (see Figure 7.7). The main sources are the BMKG, the
Indonesian meteorological institute and KNMI, the Royal Dutch Meteorological institute.
Of the 215 stations, only 29 are within the Jakarta basin, which is depicted in gray in
Figure 1.2. The 29 stations in the basin are selected for the statistical analysis.
-5.5
Java
Jakarta basin
stations
lattitude
-6
-6.5
-7
106
Figure 7.7
108
Plot of the available rainfall stations (red dots) and the Ciliwung basin (gray)
Table 7.1 shows the coordinates of the selected stations and the available number of
annual records available. For each station, annual maximum daily rainfall values were
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Annex A
derived for the available years. On average these stations have 47 annual maxima
available, with a minimum of 22 (Perk. Karawaci) and a maximum of 76 (Cengkareng).
nr
lat
33
35
36
37
39
40
47
48
49
50
51
52
56
57
58
60
61
63
65
66
72
78
83
84
85
94
100
101
103
Table 7.1
-6.167
-6.183
-6.200
-6.150
-6.250
-6.167
-6.200
-6.233
-6.283
-6.283
-6.283
-6.300
-6.300
-6.400
-6.417
-6.367
-6.467
-6.450
-6.533
-6.550
-6.600
-6.633
-6.650
-6.650
-6.667
-6.667
-6.667
-6.683
-6.733
long
106.700
106.833
106.800
106.850
106.867
106.667
106.633
106.783
106.833
106.833
106.850
106.900
106.750
106.850
106.733
106.700
106.833
106.783
106.817
106.817
106.800
106.833
106.867
106.883
106.867
106.867
106.917
106.983
106.983
name
Cengkareng
Batavia/Jakarta Pusat
Tanahabang
Kemayoran
Jatinegara
Tangerang
Perk. Karawaci
Kebayoran Lama
Pasar Minggu
Ragunan
Jatipadang
Cililitan (Halim Perdana Kusuma)
Ciputat
Depok
Parung
Gunung Sindur
Bojonggede
Citajam
Ciluar (Land Ciluar)
Kedung Alang
Bogor (Dam Empang)
Muara
Gunung Geulis
Pasirangin
CIogrek
Cidokom
Alun-Alun
Gunungmas (Naringgul)
Mandalawangi
# annual maxima
76
70
23
32
31
48
22
32
42
59
48
39
32
58
50
43
53
34
24
25
54
35
33
25
25
62
23
52
25
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Figure 7.8
GEV : F ( x ) exp
Gumbel : F ( x) exp
1 k
exp
x u
x u
1/ k
for k
for k
0
0
In these equations, x is the annual maximum rainfall, u is the location parameter, the
scale parameter and k is the shape parameter. As can be seen, the GEV is a 3-
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250
return value
200
150
100
50
0
0
10
Figure 7.9
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
-3
10
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Station
Cengkareng
Batavia/Jakarta Pusat
Tanahabang
Kemayoran
Jatinegara
Tangerang
Perk. Karawaci
Kebayoran Lama
Pasar Minggu
Ragunan
Jatipadang
Cililitan
Ciputat
Depok
Parung
25
179
172
163
177
181
151
146
142
152
149
160
136
156
171
157
50
202
190
181
196
203
165
162
156
166
164
177
150
174
189
173
100
225
208
198
215
224
180
179
169
180
178
195
163
191
206
188
250
255
232
221
240
252
199
200
186
198
196
217
181
214
230
209
500
278
250
238
259
273
213
217
200
212
211
234
195
232
247
224
1000
301
268
255
278
294
228
233
213
226
225
251
208
249
265
240
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Station
Gunung Sindur
Bojonggede
Citajam
Ciluar (Land Ciluar)
Kedung Alang
Bogor (Dam Empang)
Muara
Gunung Geulis
Pasirangin
CIogrek
Cidokom
Alun-Alun
Gunungmas
Mandalawangi
Table 7.2
25
172
171
164
190
182
191
161
178
172
189
180
133
168
176
50
191
187
179
206
194
209
173
192
185
205
201
142
183
196
100
210
203
194
222
206
227
184
207
197
222
221
152
199
215
250
235
223
213
244
223
251
199
227
214
243
248
164
219
240
500
254
239
228
260
235
269
211
241
227
259
268
174
235
258
1000
272
255
243
276
247
287
222
256
239
275
288
183
250
277
Derived return values in mm/day. In gray the values that have been corrected using the
Langbein correction
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Annex A
percentage rainfall
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
hour in day
Figure 7.10
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Annex A
Table 7.3
period (hrs)
0-4
4-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-16
16-24
Rain falling on wet soils will cause more runoff and higher water levels than if that
same rain falls on dry soils (where part of the rain can be stored). In other words:
high water levels are not solely determined by the rainfall characteristics
When comparing two events, the first event may lead to higher
damages/inundation depths at some locations, whereas the second my lead to
higher damages at other locations. In other words, the characteristics of the Tyear event will be different for different locations in the area considered.
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Annex A
only serves to create relatively wet initial conditions in the model before the real
extreme rainfall occurs.
Subsequently, one day is simulated where extreme rainfall occurs all over the
basin. The rainfall on this day is constructed as follows:
The T-year rainfall in the stations is spatially interpolated over the basin,
using Thiessen polygons
The standard hyetograph (see section 1.4.3) is applied to obtain the rainfall
for each hour in the day
D.1.2
700
2.40
600
2.00
500
1.60
400
1.20
300
0.80
200
0.40
100
0.00
31-01-2007
01-02-2007
02-02-2007
03-02-2007
04-02-2007
05-02-2007
06-02-2007
Discharge (m3/s)
2.80
800
FHM sea level (m + BMPP.60)
MSL (m + BMPP.60)
Q BKB (m3/s)
Q BKT (m3/s)
0
07-02-2007
Time
Figure 7.11
Timing of the harmonic sea water level with the discharge peaks at the Banjir Kanal Barat
(BKB) and Banjir Kanal Timur (BKT) under a T100 simulation
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D.1.3
Initial conditions
70.0
60.0
50.0
Initialisation period
40.0
Simulation period
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
31-01-2007
01-02-2007
02-02-2007
03-02-2007
04-02-2007
05-02-2007
06-02-2007
07-02-2007
Time
Figure 7.12
Model
initialisation
for
Flood
Hazard
Mapping
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Annex A
The Figures in this appendix show, for each rainfall station, the observed annual maximum
daily rainfall in combination with the fitted distribution functions (GEV and Gumbel)..
200
180
350
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
300
250
return value
return value
160
140
120
200
150
100
100
80
50
60
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
0
0
10
-3
10
250
return value
return value
-3
10
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
0
0
10
-3
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
-3
10
350
300
-2
300
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
200
0
0
10
-1
10
10
probability of exceedance]
300
250
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
300
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
250
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
250
return value
return value
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
0
0
10
-3
10
-2
-3
10
220
200
-1
10
10
probability of exceedance]
300
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
250
180
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
return value
return value
160
140
120
200
150
100
80
100
60
40
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
-3
10
50
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
-3
10
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280
260
240
250
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
200
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
200
return value
return value
220
180
160
150
100
140
120
50
100
80
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
0
0
10
-3
10
220
-2
-3
10
260
240
-1
10
10
probability of exceedance]
300
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
250
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
180
return value
return value
200
160
140
200
150
120
100
100
80
60
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
50
0
10
-3
10
-2
-3
10
300
250
-1
10
10
probability of exceedance]
350
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
300
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
250
return value
return value
200
150
200
150
100
100
50
0
0
10
50
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
0
0
10
-3
10
220
-3
10
300
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
250
200
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
200
180
return value
return value
-2
260
240
-1
10
10
probability of exceedance]
160
140
150
100
120
100
50
80
60
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
-3
10
0
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
-3
10
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Annex A
300
250
250
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
200
return value
return value
200
150
150
100
100
50
0
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
50
0
10
-3
10
-2
-3
10
260
240
-1
10
10
probability of exceedance]
350
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
300
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
220
250
return value
return value
200
180
160
140
200
150
120
100
100
80
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
50
0
10
-3
10
-3
10
240
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
220
200
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
180
return value
200
return value
-2
300
250
-1
10
10
probability of exceedance]
150
100
160
140
120
100
80
50
60
0
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
40
0
10
-3
10
-2
-3
10
300
250
-1
10
10
probability of exceedance]
240
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
220
200
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
return value
return value
180
200
150
160
140
120
100
100
80
60
50
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
-3
10
40
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
-3
10
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240
220
240
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
220
200
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
200
180
return value
return value
180
160
140
160
140
120
100
120
80
100
80
0
10
60
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
40
0
10
-3
10
200
-3
10
350
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
300
180
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
250
160
return value
return value
-2
240
220
-1
10
10
probability of exceedance]
140
120
200
150
100
80
100
60
40
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
-3
10
50
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
-3
10
data
GEV lmoments
Gumbel lmoments
return value
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
0
10
-1
-2
10
10
probability of exceedance]
-3
10
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id
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Jan-Feb
2007
9.54
4.24
3.43
9.52
5.48
6.16
9.36
3.59
6.37
37.29
29.02
41.90
37.09
28.59
23.82
28.52
37.32
34.36
8.51
5.85
9.62
9.75
8.06
4.04
26.39
4.80
7.25
4.15
6.77
8.81
23.52
3.57
7.48
4.03
4.03
2.48
10.34
1.46
4.27
7.59
9.66
Dec/Feb
2008
11.80
5.79
3.52
9.96
4.73
7.65
15.27
4.83
8.94
16.23
9.86
27.78
17.25
10.06
7.92
10.00
18.82
11.70
9.43
6.76
10.39
11.47
8.96
11.06
8.21
5.68
4.22
3.44
7.65
9.43
7.82
3.71
4.18
4.06
4.06
2.59
9.45
1.55
4.13
4.32
5.01
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Jan-Feb
2007
16.38
18.70
12.86
13.08
12.00
14.22
13.80
7.73
6.85
4.21
5.40
2.82
9.89
5.51
7.98
23.10
5.65
6.94
6.67
5.45
11.05
20.30
34.92
29.83
26.81
16.84
27.98
31.32
26.14
24.27
6.30
30.49
37.96
28.89
25.51
24.49
37.23
28.94
37.18
37.37
37.40
22.28
22.14
42.16
27.50
26.85
22.95
Dec/Feb
2008
8.43
10.84
13.66
6.66
12.60
14.57
13.76
8.41
7.68
4.19
4.49
3.04
8.78
4.85
5.10
7.60
6.37
7.98
7.68
6.21
13.72
6.46
14.49
9.80
8.74
9.31
5.68
11.61
8.80
8.49
7.15
10.42
19.90
10.52
8.43
8.17
17.66
10.40
18.49
18.91
18.95
6.68
6.91
27.05
8.92
8.85
7.53
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Jan-Feb
2007
22.36
18.40
37.35
20.86
31.60
10.56
4.64
4.21
3.16
6.28
14.60
7.19
7.07
8.45
6.65
11.41
9.43
11.84
6.49
12.28
13.52
8.19
4.34
12.65
7.28
6.61
8.44
9.29
11.23
8.55
9.97
15.37
9.39
5.59
11.58
6.90
4.62
14.44
8.01
14.78
8.86
8.45
8.50
5.93
7.42
6.08
6.16
Dec/Feb
2008
7.01
4.57
18.67
4.83
10.15
5.51
11.02
9.89
11.59
3.84
7.46
4.20
4.16
4.59
3.80
9.29
10.00
9.69
7.49
12.55
10.92
8.81
6.04
13.45
4.53
4.08
5.26
4.90
9.18
4.75
5.25
10.71
4.99
5.90
13.06
7.41
5.09
14.45
8.63
14.62
9.73
9.12
9.42
7.10
8.40
7.03
7.11
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sacr_3178
sacr_3179
sacr_3180
sacr_3181
sacr_3182
sacr_3183
sacr_3184
sacr_3185
sacr_3186
sacr_3187
sacr_3188
sacr_3189
sacr_3190
sacr_3191
sacr_3192
sacr_3193
sacr_3194
sacr_3195
sacr_3196
sacr_3197
sacr_3198
sacr_3199
sacr_3200
sacr_3201
sacr_3202
sacr_3203
sacr_3204
sacr_3205
sacr_3206
sacr_3207
sacr_3208
sacr_3209
sacr_3210
sacr_3211
sacr_3212
sacr_3213
sacr_3214
Jan-Feb
2007
5.19
6.52
8.69
6.80
11.53
6.05
16.31
20.24
10.56
12.28
9.43
8.38
8.69
6.50
7.11
8.99
10.13
8.71
13.68
10.55
4.53
6.72
11.96
11.66
21.97
11.99
9.44
11.60
23.63
37.36
36.99
27.47
20.64
38.88
33.08
10.07
11.13
10.10
11.13
34.31
40.28
29.23
19.64
24.31
5.91
4.58
4.60
Dec/Feb
2008
5.86
7.51
9.78
7.79
11.90
7.18
8.24
12.60
11.49
13.61
10.34
9.15
10.35
7.05
7.70
11.00
12.63
9.62
13.62
11.74
4.89
7.16
13.37
13.13
7.09
13.40
10.19
14.53
7.52
18.87
18.16
9.49
6.23
21.73
12.95
11.16
13.79
12.02
13.79
14.21
24.50
10.90
5.84
7.59
9.48
6.53
6.73
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3215
sacr_3216
sacr_3217
sacr_3218
sacr_3219
sacr_3220
sacr_3221
sacr_3222
sacr_3223
sacr_3224
sacr_3225
sacr_3226
sacr_3227
sacr_3228
sacr_3229
sacr_3230
sacr_3231
sacr_3232
sacr_3233
sacr_3234
sacr_3235
sacr_3236
sacr_3238
sacr_3239
sacr_3240
sacr_3241
sacr_3242
sacr_3243
sacr_3244
sacr_3245
sacr_3246
sacr_3247
sacr_3248
sacr_3249
sacr_3250
sacr_3251
sacr_3252
sacr_3253
sacr_3254
sacr_3255
sacr_3256
sacr_3257
sacr_3258
sacr_3259
sacr_3260
sacr_3261
sacr_3262
Jan-Feb
2007
19.21
6.23
19.97
7.10
7.75
2.96
4.79
4.52
5.37
5.37
4.14
4.88
4.91
29.31
40.64
38.57
5.89
1.40
1.25
1.08
4.25
2.80
5.91
4.68
5.49
7.92
9.32
12.89
10.23
12.63
8.51
8.28
4.71
9.97
8.54
11.51
8.62
11.42
4.82
2.54
3.23
8.65
5.06
7.86
2.55
6.34
3.40
Dec/Feb
2008
4.37
8.52
5.34
9.81
12.29
3.39
6.47
6.24
8.74
8.74
4.74
7.46
7.57
8.43
23.41
18.82
9.09
1.30
1.08
0.88
4.07
2.76
8.07
4.01
7.47
9.96
7.59
11.40
6.66
3.24
2.25
4.29
5.98
7.75
10.67
10.53
10.68
10.32
4.32
1.96
2.01
10.24
5.08
8.35
1.63
5.58
4.14
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3263
sacr_3264
sacr_3265
sacr_3266
sacr_3267
sacr_3268
sacr_3269
sacr_3270
sacr_3271
sacr_3272
sacr_3273
sacr_3274
sacr_3275
sacr_3276
sacr_3277
sacr_3278
sacr_3279
sacr_3280
sacr_3281
sacr_3282
sacr_3283
sacr_3284
sacr_3285
sacr_3286
sacr_3287
sacr_3288
sacr_3289
sacr_3290
sacr_3291
sacr_3292
sacr_3293
sacr_3294
sacr_3295
sacr_3296
sacr_3297
sacr_3298
sacr_3299
sacr_3300
sacr_3301
sacr_3302
sacr_3303
sacr_3304
sacr_3305
sacr_3306
sacr_3307
sacr_3308
sacr_3309
Jan-Feb
2007
6.60
5.35
3.68
6.90
6.85
3.69
2.22
3.43
3.18
3.74
3.75
3.15
4.35
6.79
5.12
5.95
2.66
6.18
3.83
7.32
3.33
2.83
7.71
7.45
6.87
4.79
8.80
8.70
4.55
4.84
5.41
4.43
6.84
5.45
23.77
2.09
1.78
1.21
1.20
2.02
1.36
7.13
3.57
3.29
9.21
2.23
2.36
Dec/Feb
2008
6.97
5.30
2.87
7.03
6.97
3.50
2.03
3.52
3.07
3.57
3.63
2.93
4.30
6.69
4.88
6.27
2.20
6.17
3.18
9.05
4.29
1.92
7.54
10.16
9.33
6.44
13.70
14.19
6.24
6.64
8.14
6.13
10.21
8.28
7.03
1.48
1.07
1.07
1.00
1.23
0.49
6.91
2.56
2.57
9.63
1.25
1.47
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3310
sacr_3311
sacr_3312
sacr_3313
sacr_3314
sacr_3315
sacr_3316
sacr_3317
sacr_3318
sacr_3319
sacr_3320
sacr_3321
sacr_3322
sacr_3323
sacr_3324
sacr_3325
sacr_3326
sacr_3327
sacr_3328
sacr_3329
sacr_3330
sacr_3331
sacr_3332
sacr_3333
sacr_3334
sacr_3335
sacr_3336
sacr_3337
sacr_3338
sacr_3339
sacr_3340
sacr_3341
sacr_3342
sacr_3343
sacr_3344
sacr_3345
sacr_3346
sacr_3347
sacr_3348
sacr_3349
sacr_3350
sacr_3351
sacr_3352
sacr_3353
sacr_3354
sacr_3355
sacr_3356
Jan-Feb
2007
1.40
7.62
2.04
7.76
3.44
5.77
4.29
9.36
4.87
6.57
5.57
3.49
2.30
9.87
7.80
7.24
9.21
1.56
1.67
8.39
5.10
1.61
6.95
8.37
1.95
8.50
7.23
5.38
5.97
9.12
6.60
2.40
3.89
3.06
9.89
3.61
4.40
10.63
10.65
15.57
13.56
4.74
5.17
13.53
16.20
14.17
12.27
Dec/Feb
2008
0.51
8.58
1.32
10.09
3.15
7.66
3.83
15.23
6.94
9.59
7.77
3.40
1.81
13.08
12.25
7.11
9.31
1.17
0.69
8.82
4.93
1.72
6.79
8.50
1.54
11.13
7.14
8.39
5.85
9.88
9.93
2.67
4.93
3.62
9.18
4.03
4.09
9.83
11.71
13.11
13.52
6.65
5.71
23.13
7.05
5.33
13.06
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3357
sacr_3358
sacr_3359
sacr_3360
sacr_3361
sacr_3362
sacr_3363
sacr_3364
sacr_3365
sacr_3366
sacr_3367
sacr_3368
sacr_3369
sacr_3370
sacr_3371
sacr_3372
sacr_3373
sacr_3374
sacr_3375
sacr_3376
sacr_3377
sacr_3378
sacr_3379
sacr_3380
sacr_3381
sacr_3382
sacr_3383
sacr_3384
sacr_3385
sacr_3386
sacr_3387
sacr_3388
sacr_3389
sacr_3390
sacr_3391
sacr_3392
sacr_3393
sacr_3394
sacr_3395
sacr_3396
sacr_3397
sacr_3398
sacr_3399
sacr_3400
sacr_3401
sacr_3402
sacr_3403
Jan-Feb
2007
16.45
12.22
8.99
25.29
10.68
10.99
8.14
12.23
19.41
13.75
11.31
8.54
18.16
25.21
13.34
12.29
22.37
21.84
20.80
11.87
25.15
16.28
14.58
13.04
6.44
15.39
15.19
15.22
15.24
14.45
6.88
15.50
14.71
12.94
17.43
13.11
14.78
15.95
6.87
0.96
3.68
8.33
4.87
14.27
10.27
1.51
1.26
Dec/Feb
2008
9.35
13.05
10.00
21.16
11.89
12.34
9.01
13.57
16.25
14.39
12.20
9.21
11.09
22.67
4.69
13.07
19.12
16.10
14.50
13.30
20.09
7.66
5.34
13.96
6.90
7.50
5.88
7.27
7.68
5.43
7.33
8.05
6.93
8.53
9.53
8.71
14.73
15.11
7.32
0.72
2.47
4.56
14.73
5.12
11.24
1.24
1.10
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3404
sacr_3405
sacr_3406
sacr_3407
sacr_3408
sacr_3409
sacr_3410
sacr_3411
sacr_3412
sacr_3413
sacr_3414
sacr_3415
sacr_3416
sacr_3417
sacr_3418
sacr_3419
sacr_3420
sacr_3421
sacr_3422
sacr_3423
sacr_3424
sacr_3425
sacr_3426
sacr_3427
sacr_3428
sacr_3429
sacr_3430
sacr_3431
sacr_3432
sacr_3433
sacr_3434
sacr_3435
sacr_3436
sacr_3437
sacr_3438
sacr_3439
sacr_3440
sacr_3441
sacr_3442
sacr_3443
sacr_3444
sacr_3445
sacr_3446
sacr_3447
sacr_3448
sacr_3449
sacr_3450
Jan-Feb
2007
3.64
7.14
10.03
11.77
4.09
4.80
10.05
9.15
10.87
9.78
10.43
7.84
6.73
5.76
7.70
6.31
9.79
6.36
5.81
13.66
8.30
4.16
9.53
5.53
6.40
4.65
12.76
11.35
5.95
6.83
16.27
15.38
14.30
6.70
11.13
20.84
6.62
17.41
4.04
7.36
11.04
9.30
11.51
9.03
6.21
9.72
8.21
Dec/Feb
2008
2.39
11.53
16.33
15.39
4.63
7.01
11.11
9.94
13.54
11.61
12.30
8.69
7.74
6.55
8.51
7.27
11.32
7.23
6.63
11.02
8.98
5.12
10.10
6.85
7.46
4.58
13.02
11.79
8.82
7.65
8.15
7.49
5.16
9.17
13.79
5.75
10.12
12.53
5.13
8.06
11.46
9.85
11.91
9.62
7.39
10.20
8.86
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3451
sacr_3452
sacr_3453
sacr_3454
sacr_3455
sacr_3456
sacr_3457
sacr_3458
sacr_3459
sacr_3460
sacr_3908
sacr_3909
sacr_3910
sacr_3911
sacr_3912
sacr_3913
sacr_3914
sacr_3915
sacr_3916
sacr_3917
sacr_3918
sacr_3919
sacr_3920
sacr_3921
sacr_3922
sacr_3923
sacr_3924
sacr_3925
sacr_3926
sacr_3927
sacr_3928
sacr_3929
Jan-Feb
2007
14.51
5.84
6.08
8.13
9.44
22.65
3.92
5.19
36.81
7.24
6.42
8.98
12.29
8.75
5.45
14.25
11.63
10.86
7.98
12.28
7.92
1.06
1.00
0.95
6.89
6.19
6.09
10.75
9.82
6.81
30.18
25.20
Dec/Feb
2008
14.87
4.73
5.02
9.16
4.92
19.59
4.51
4.30
16.21
7.06
1.11
1.31
1.59
1.36
0.91
1.78
1.54
1.51
1.12
1.74
1.00
0.74
0.70
0.65
1.19
1.00
0.98
6.22
1.55
1.12
10.32
8.27
97
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
Table 7.4
id
sacr_3032
sacr_3033
sacr_3034
sacr_3035
sacr_3036
sacr_3037
sacr_3038
sacr_3039
sacr_3040
sacr_3041
sacr_3042
sacr_3043
sacr_3044
sacr_3045
sacr_3047
sacr_3048
sacr_3049
sacr_3050
sacr_3051
sacr_3052
sacr_3053
sacr_3054
sacr_3055
sacr_3056
sacr_3057
sacr_3058
sacr_3059
sacr_3060
sacr_3061
sacr_3062
sacr_3063
sacr_3064
sacr_3065
sacr_3066
sacr_3067
sacr_3068
sacr_3069
sacr_3070
sacr_3071
sacr_3072
sacr_3073
sacr_3074
sacr_3075
Jan-Feb
2007
9.54
6.60
8.49
9.52
6.44
7.38
9.36
6.00
6.37
37.29
29.02
41.90
37.09
28.59
23.82
28.52
37.32
34.36
8.51
5.85
9.62
9.75
8.06
4.04
26.39
4.80
7.25
4.15
6.77
8.81
23.52
3.57
7.48
4.03
4.03
2.48
10.34
1.62
4.27
7.59
9.66
16.38
18.70
Dec/Feb
2008
11.80
9.18
9.04
9.96
5.79
9.18
15.27
8.38
8.94
16.23
9.86
27.78
17.25
10.06
7.92
10.00
18.82
11.70
9.43
6.76
10.39
11.47
8.96
11.06
8.21
5.68
4.22
3.44
7.65
9.43
7.82
3.71
4.18
4.06
4.06
2.59
9.45
1.74
4.13
4.32
5.01
8.43
10.84
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3076
sacr_3077
sacr_3078
sacr_3079
sacr_3080
sacr_3081
sacr_3082
sacr_3083
sacr_3084
sacr_3085
sacr_3086
sacr_3087
sacr_3088
sacr_3089
sacr_3090
sacr_3091
sacr_3092
sacr_3093
sacr_3094
sacr_3095
sacr_3096
sacr_3097
sacr_3098
sacr_3099
sacr_3100
sacr_3101
sacr_3102
sacr_3103
sacr_3104
sacr_3105
sacr_3106
sacr_3107
sacr_3108
sacr_3109
sacr_3110
sacr_3111
sacr_3112
sacr_3113
sacr_3114
sacr_3115
sacr_3116
sacr_3117
sacr_3118
sacr_3119
sacr_3120
sacr_3121
sacr_3122
Jan-Feb
2007
12.86
13.08
12.00
14.22
13.80
7.73
6.85
4.21
5.40
2.82
9.89
5.51
7.98
23.10
5.65
6.94
6.67
5.45
11.05
20.30
34.92
29.83
26.81
16.84
27.98
31.32
26.14
24.27
6.30
30.49
37.96
28.89
25.51
24.49
37.23
28.94
37.18
37.37
37.40
22.28
22.14
42.16
27.50
26.85
22.95
22.36
19.69
Dec/Feb
2008
13.66
6.66
12.60
14.57
13.76
8.41
7.68
4.19
4.49
3.04
8.78
4.85
5.10
7.60
6.37
7.98
7.68
6.21
13.72
6.46
14.49
9.80
8.74
9.31
5.68
11.61
8.80
8.49
7.15
10.42
19.90
10.52
8.43
8.17
17.66
10.40
18.49
18.91
18.95
6.68
6.91
27.05
8.92
8.85
7.53
7.01
5.48
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3123
sacr_3124
sacr_3125
sacr_3126
sacr_3127
sacr_3128
sacr_3129
sacr_3130
sacr_3131
sacr_3132
sacr_3133
sacr_3134
sacr_3135
sacr_3136
sacr_3137
sacr_3138
sacr_3139
sacr_3140
sacr_3141
sacr_3142
sacr_3143
sacr_3144
sacr_3145
sacr_3146
sacr_3147
sacr_3148
sacr_3149
sacr_3150
sacr_3151
sacr_3152
sacr_3153
sacr_3154
sacr_3155
sacr_3156
sacr_3157
sacr_3158
sacr_3159
sacr_3160
sacr_3161
sacr_3162
sacr_3163
sacr_3164
sacr_3165
sacr_3166
sacr_3167
sacr_3168
sacr_3169
Jan-Feb
2007
37.35
22.50
31.60
10.56
4.64
4.21
3.16
6.28
14.60
7.19
7.07
8.45
6.65
11.41
9.43
11.84
6.49
12.28
13.52
8.19
4.34
12.65
7.28
6.61
8.44
9.29
11.23
8.55
9.97
15.37
9.39
5.59
11.58
6.90
4.62
14.44
8.01
14.78
8.86
8.45
8.50
5.93
7.42
6.08
6.16
5.19
6.52
Dec/Feb
2008
18.67
5.96
10.15
5.51
11.02
9.89
11.59
3.84
7.46
4.20
4.16
4.59
3.80
9.29
10.00
9.69
7.49
12.55
10.92
8.81
6.04
13.45
4.53
4.08
5.26
4.90
9.18
4.75
5.25
10.71
4.99
5.90
13.06
7.41
5.09
14.45
8.63
14.62
9.73
9.12
9.42
7.10
8.40
7.03
7.11
5.86
7.51
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3170
sacr_3171
sacr_3172
sacr_3173
sacr_3174
sacr_3175
sacr_3176
sacr_3177
sacr_3178
sacr_3179
sacr_3180
sacr_3181
sacr_3182
sacr_3183
sacr_3184
sacr_3185
sacr_3186
sacr_3187
sacr_3188
sacr_3189
sacr_3190
sacr_3191
sacr_3192
sacr_3193
sacr_3194
sacr_3195
sacr_3196
sacr_3197
sacr_3198
sacr_3199
sacr_3200
sacr_3201
sacr_3202
sacr_3203
sacr_3204
sacr_3205
sacr_3206
sacr_3207
sacr_3208
sacr_3209
sacr_3210
sacr_3211
sacr_3212
sacr_3213
sacr_3214
sacr_3215
sacr_3216
Jan-Feb
2007
8.69
6.80
11.53
6.05
16.31
20.24
10.56
12.28
9.43
8.38
8.69
6.50
7.11
8.99
10.13
8.71
13.68
10.55
4.53
6.72
11.96
11.66
21.97
11.99
9.44
11.60
23.63
37.36
36.99
27.47
20.64
38.88
33.08
10.07
11.13
10.10
11.13
34.31
40.28
29.23
19.64
24.31
9.36
8.08
6.76
19.21
6.23
Dec/Feb
2008
9.78
7.79
11.90
7.18
8.24
12.60
11.49
13.61
10.34
9.15
10.35
7.05
7.70
11.00
12.63
9.62
13.62
11.74
4.89
7.16
13.37
13.13
7.09
13.40
10.19
14.53
7.52
18.87
18.16
9.49
6.23
21.73
12.95
11.16
13.79
12.02
13.79
14.21
24.50
10.90
5.84
7.59
15.27
12.46
9.11
4.37
8.52
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3217
sacr_3218
sacr_3219
sacr_3220
sacr_3221
sacr_3222
sacr_3223
sacr_3224
sacr_3225
sacr_3226
sacr_3227
sacr_3228
sacr_3229
sacr_3230
sacr_3231
sacr_3232
sacr_3233
sacr_3234
sacr_3235
sacr_3236
sacr_3238
sacr_3239
sacr_3240
sacr_3241
sacr_3242
sacr_3243
sacr_3244
sacr_3245
sacr_3246
sacr_3247
sacr_3248
sacr_3249
sacr_3250
sacr_3251
sacr_3252
sacr_3253
sacr_3254
sacr_3255
sacr_3256
sacr_3257
sacr_3258
sacr_3259
sacr_3260
sacr_3261
sacr_3262
sacr_3263
sacr_3264
Jan-Feb
2007
19.97
7.10
10.00
6.12
8.05
5.91
8.70
8.70
4.46
4.88
4.91
29.31
40.64
38.57
5.89
9.76
8.44
7.86
7.96
7.70
5.91
6.59
5.49
7.92
9.41
12.89
10.94
12.14
9.35
9.24
5.94
9.97
8.54
11.51
8.62
11.42
6.83
6.58
5.30
8.65
9.64
9.76
5.84
6.34
6.75
9.12
7.34
Dec/Feb
2008
5.34
9.81
16.28
7.66
10.42
8.46
14.19
14.19
5.23
7.46
7.57
8.43
23.41
18.82
9.09
10.42
8.02
8.03
8.01
7.51
8.07
6.05
7.47
9.96
8.31
11.40
9.53
9.22
7.19
8.03
8.05
7.75
10.67
10.53
10.68
10.32
6.27
6.04
3.45
10.24
10.18
10.42
4.26
5.58
8.34
9.72
7.50
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3265
sacr_3266
sacr_3267
sacr_3268
sacr_3269
sacr_3270
sacr_3271
sacr_3272
sacr_3273
sacr_3274
sacr_3275
sacr_3276
sacr_3277
sacr_3278
sacr_3279
sacr_3280
sacr_3281
sacr_3282
sacr_3283
sacr_3284
sacr_3285
sacr_3286
sacr_3287
sacr_3288
sacr_3289
sacr_3290
sacr_3291
sacr_3292
sacr_3293
sacr_3294
sacr_3295
sacr_3296
sacr_3297
sacr_3298
sacr_3299
sacr_3300
sacr_3301
sacr_3302
sacr_3303
sacr_3304
sacr_3305
sacr_3306
sacr_3307
sacr_3308
sacr_3309
sacr_3310
sacr_3311
Jan-Feb
2007
5.43
8.86
7.32
7.82
8.13
9.76
9.58
7.81
9.51
7.82
8.28
7.92
7.91
9.76
7.03
8.75
6.63
7.32
5.25
4.64
8.34
7.45
6.87
4.79
8.80
8.70
4.55
5.18
5.41
4.43
6.84
5.45
23.77
6.33
8.39
9.36
8.00
10.85
5.31
7.74
6.09
10.68
9.21
7.50
9.94
6.77
7.62
Dec/Feb
2008
4.61
9.23
7.51
8.04
8.03
10.42
10.08
8.05
9.93
8.04
8.01
7.96
7.98
10.42
6.45
9.01
6.14
9.05
7.48
3.89
8.21
10.16
9.33
6.44
13.70
14.19
6.24
7.35
8.14
6.13
10.21
8.28
7.03
5.57
6.79
9.64
8.04
7.41
3.07
7.61
4.94
8.18
9.63
4.82
6.71
3.99
8.58
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3312
sacr_3313
sacr_3314
sacr_3315
sacr_3316
sacr_3317
sacr_3318
sacr_3319
sacr_3320
sacr_3321
sacr_3322
sacr_3323
sacr_3324
sacr_3325
sacr_3326
sacr_3327
sacr_3328
sacr_3329
sacr_3330
sacr_3331
sacr_3332
sacr_3333
sacr_3334
sacr_3335
sacr_3336
sacr_3337
sacr_3338
sacr_3339
sacr_3340
sacr_3341
sacr_3342
sacr_3343
sacr_3344
sacr_3345
sacr_3346
sacr_3347
sacr_3348
sacr_3349
sacr_3350
sacr_3351
sacr_3352
sacr_3353
sacr_3354
sacr_3355
sacr_3356
sacr_3357
sacr_3358
Jan-Feb
2007
10.47
12.31
9.81
12.32
9.25
10.03
5.32
6.93
6.13
8.69
6.16
12.32
8.55
10.86
11.35
10.71
4.61
11.41
6.89
9.86
8.33
10.53
5.34
11.19
9.99
5.89
8.12
10.63
6.60
5.46
6.95
6.18
10.88
5.44
5.88
10.63
10.65
15.57
13.56
4.74
5.17
13.53
16.97
14.46
12.27
16.45
12.22
Dec/Feb
2008
7.21
16.32
8.78
16.33
8.19
16.33
7.57
10.10
8.47
8.35
5.41
16.33
13.51
9.85
12.43
9.84
2.40
13.45
6.60
14.49
8.16
11.27
4.91
14.93
9.19
9.09
7.80
12.17
9.93
6.40
8.77
7.76
9.85
5.95
5.55
9.83
11.71
13.11
13.52
6.65
5.71
23.13
8.58
5.96
13.06
9.35
13.05
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3359
sacr_3360
sacr_3361
sacr_3362
sacr_3363
sacr_3364
sacr_3365
sacr_3366
sacr_3367
sacr_3368
sacr_3369
sacr_3370
sacr_3371
sacr_3372
sacr_3373
sacr_3374
sacr_3375
sacr_3376
sacr_3377
sacr_3378
sacr_3379
sacr_3380
sacr_3381
sacr_3382
sacr_3383
sacr_3384
sacr_3385
sacr_3386
sacr_3387
sacr_3388
sacr_3389
sacr_3390
sacr_3391
sacr_3392
sacr_3393
sacr_3394
sacr_3395
sacr_3396
sacr_3397
sacr_3398
sacr_3399
sacr_3400
sacr_3401
sacr_3402
sacr_3403
sacr_3404
sacr_3405
Jan-Feb
2007
8.99
25.29
10.68
10.99
8.14
12.23
19.41
13.75
11.31
8.54
18.16
25.21
13.34
12.29
22.37
21.84
20.80
11.87
25.04
16.28
14.58
13.04
6.44
15.39
15.19
15.22
15.24
14.45
6.88
15.50
14.71
12.94
17.43
13.11
14.78
15.95
6.87
7.27
5.83
8.33
4.87
14.38
10.27
7.03
9.55
5.77
7.14
Dec/Feb
2008
10.00
21.16
11.89
12.34
9.01
13.57
16.25
14.39
12.20
9.21
11.09
22.67
4.69
13.07
19.12
16.10
14.50
13.30
22.77
7.66
5.34
13.96
6.90
7.50
5.88
7.27
7.68
5.43
7.33
8.05
6.93
8.53
9.53
8.71
14.73
15.11
7.32
6.82
4.25
4.56
14.73
5.75
11.24
6.76
10.02
4.10
11.53
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3406
sacr_3407
sacr_3408
sacr_3409
sacr_3410
sacr_3411
sacr_3412
sacr_3413
sacr_3414
sacr_3415
sacr_3416
sacr_3417
sacr_3418
sacr_3419
sacr_3420
sacr_3421
sacr_3422
sacr_3423
sacr_3424
sacr_3425
sacr_3426
sacr_3427
sacr_3428
sacr_3429
sacr_3430
sacr_3431
sacr_3432
sacr_3433
sacr_3434
sacr_3435
sacr_3436
sacr_3437
sacr_3438
sacr_3439
sacr_3440
sacr_3441
sacr_3442
sacr_3443
sacr_3444
sacr_3445
sacr_3446
sacr_3447
sacr_3448
sacr_3449
sacr_3450
sacr_3451
sacr_3452
Jan-Feb
2007
10.03
11.77
4.42
4.80
10.05
9.15
10.87
9.78
10.43
7.84
6.73
5.76
7.70
6.31
9.79
6.36
5.81
13.66
8.30
4.16
9.53
5.53
6.40
4.65
12.76
11.35
5.95
6.83
16.27
15.38
14.30
6.70
11.13
20.84
6.62
17.41
4.65
7.36
11.04
9.30
11.51
9.03
6.21
9.72
8.21
14.51
5.84
Dec/Feb
2008
16.33
15.39
5.12
7.01
11.11
9.94
13.54
11.61
12.30
8.69
7.74
6.55
8.51
7.27
11.32
7.23
6.63
11.02
8.98
5.12
10.10
6.85
7.46
4.58
13.02
11.79
8.82
7.65
8.15
7.49
5.16
9.17
13.79
5.75
10.12
12.53
6.27
8.06
11.46
9.85
11.91
9.62
7.39
10.20
8.86
14.87
4.73
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3453
sacr_3454
sacr_3455
sacr_3456
sacr_3457
sacr_3458
sacr_3459
sacr_3460
sacr_3908
sacr_3909
sacr_3910
sacr_3911
sacr_3912
sacr_3913
sacr_3914
sacr_3915
sacr_3916
sacr_3917
sacr_3918
sacr_3919
sacr_3920
sacr_3921
sacr_3922
sacr_3923
sacr_3924
sacr_3925
sacr_3926
sacr_3927
sacr_3928
sacr_3929
Jan-Feb
2007
6.08
8.13
9.44
22.65
4.28
5.19
36.81
7.24
6.47
9.03
11.88
9.14
5.67
15.14
11.78
11.04
8.05
12.71
8.02
1.07
1.00
0.96
7.17
6.32
6.16
11.07
11.32
6.81
30.18
25.20
Dec/Feb
2008
5.02
9.16
4.92
19.59
4.91
4.30
16.21
7.06
1.44
1.33
3.88
4.26
0.93
4.81
1.55
1.53
1.16
4.73
1.04
0.74
0.71
0.66
1.93
1.01
0.99
7.61
8.33
1.12
10.32
8.27
107
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
Table 7.5
id
sacr_3032
sacr_3033
sacr_3034
sacr_3035
sacr_3036
sacr_3037
sacr_3038
sacr_3039
sacr_3040
sacr_3041
sacr_3042
sacr_3043
sacr_3044
sacr_3045
sacr_3047
sacr_3048
sacr_3049
sacr_3050
sacr_3051
sacr_3052
sacr_3053
sacr_3054
sacr_3055
sacr_3056
sacr_3057
sacr_3058
sacr_3059
sacr_3060
sacr_3061
sacr_3062
sacr_3063
sacr_3064
sacr_3065
sacr_3066
sacr_3067
sacr_3068
sacr_3069
sacr_3070
sacr_3071
sacr_3072
sacr_3073
sacr_3074
sacr_3075
sacr_3076
Jan-Feb
2007
9.54
6.60
8.49
9.52
6.44
7.38
9.36
6.00
6.37
37.29
29.02
41.90
37.09
28.59
23.82
28.52
37.32
34.36
8.51
5.85
9.62
9.75
8.06
4.04
26.39
4.80
7.25
4.15
6.77
8.81
23.52
3.57
7.48
4.03
4.03
2.48
10.34
1.62
4.27
7.59
9.66
16.38
18.70
12.86
Dec/Feb
2008
11.80
9.18
9.04
9.96
5.79
9.18
15.27
8.38
8.94
16.23
9.86
27.78
17.25
10.06
7.92
10.00
18.82
11.70
9.43
6.76
10.39
11.47
8.96
11.06
8.21
5.68
4.22
3.44
7.65
9.43
7.82
3.71
4.18
4.06
4.06
2.59
9.45
1.74
4.13
4.32
5.01
8.43
10.84
13.66
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3077
sacr_3078
sacr_3079
sacr_3080
sacr_3081
sacr_3082
sacr_3083
sacr_3084
sacr_3085
sacr_3086
sacr_3087
sacr_3088
sacr_3089
sacr_3090
sacr_3091
sacr_3092
sacr_3093
sacr_3094
sacr_3095
sacr_3096
sacr_3097
sacr_3098
sacr_3099
sacr_3100
sacr_3101
sacr_3102
sacr_3103
sacr_3104
sacr_3105
sacr_3106
sacr_3107
sacr_3108
sacr_3109
sacr_3110
sacr_3111
sacr_3112
sacr_3113
sacr_3114
sacr_3115
sacr_3116
sacr_3117
sacr_3118
sacr_3119
sacr_3120
sacr_3121
sacr_3122
sacr_3123
Jan-Feb
2007
13.08
12.00
14.22
13.80
7.73
6.85
4.21
5.40
2.82
9.89
5.51
7.98
23.10
5.65
6.94
6.67
5.45
11.05
20.30
34.92
29.83
26.81
16.84
27.98
31.32
26.14
24.27
6.30
30.49
37.96
28.89
25.51
24.49
37.23
28.94
37.18
37.37
37.40
22.28
22.14
42.16
27.50
26.85
22.95
22.36
19.69
37.35
Dec/Feb
2008
6.66
12.60
14.57
13.76
8.41
7.68
4.19
4.49
3.04
8.78
4.85
5.10
7.60
6.37
7.98
7.68
6.21
13.72
6.46
14.49
9.80
8.74
9.31
5.68
11.61
8.80
8.49
7.15
10.42
19.90
10.52
8.43
8.17
17.66
10.40
18.49
18.91
18.95
6.68
6.91
27.05
8.92
8.85
7.53
7.01
5.48
18.67
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3124
sacr_3125
sacr_3126
sacr_3127
sacr_3128
sacr_3129
sacr_3130
sacr_3131
sacr_3132
sacr_3133
sacr_3134
sacr_3135
sacr_3136
sacr_3137
sacr_3138
sacr_3139
sacr_3140
sacr_3141
sacr_3142
sacr_3143
sacr_3144
sacr_3145
sacr_3146
sacr_3147
sacr_3148
sacr_3149
sacr_3150
sacr_3151
sacr_3152
sacr_3153
sacr_3154
sacr_3155
sacr_3156
sacr_3157
sacr_3158
sacr_3159
sacr_3160
sacr_3161
sacr_3162
sacr_3163
sacr_3164
sacr_3165
sacr_3166
sacr_3167
sacr_3168
sacr_3169
sacr_3170
Jan-Feb
2007
22.50
31.60
10.56
4.64
4.21
3.16
6.28
14.60
7.19
7.07
8.45
6.65
11.41
9.43
11.84
6.49
12.28
13.52
8.19
4.34
12.65
7.28
6.61
8.44
9.29
11.23
8.55
9.97
15.37
9.39
5.59
11.58
6.90
4.62
14.44
8.01
14.78
8.86
8.45
8.50
5.93
7.42
6.08
6.16
5.19
6.52
8.69
Dec/Feb
2008
5.96
10.15
5.51
11.02
9.89
11.59
3.84
7.46
4.20
4.16
4.59
3.80
9.29
10.00
9.69
7.49
12.55
10.92
8.81
6.04
13.45
4.53
4.08
5.26
4.90
9.18
4.75
5.25
10.71
4.99
5.90
13.06
7.41
5.09
14.45
8.63
14.62
9.73
9.12
9.42
7.10
8.40
7.03
7.11
5.86
7.51
9.78
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3171
sacr_3172
sacr_3173
sacr_3174
sacr_3175
sacr_3176
sacr_3177
sacr_3178
sacr_3179
sacr_3180
sacr_3181
sacr_3182
sacr_3183
sacr_3184
sacr_3185
sacr_3186
sacr_3187
sacr_3188
sacr_3189
sacr_3190
sacr_3191
sacr_3192
sacr_3193
sacr_3194
sacr_3195
sacr_3196
sacr_3197
sacr_3198
sacr_3199
sacr_3200
sacr_3201
sacr_3202
sacr_3203
sacr_3204
sacr_3205
sacr_3206
sacr_3207
sacr_3208
sacr_3209
sacr_3210
sacr_3211
sacr_3212
sacr_3213
sacr_3214
sacr_3215
sacr_3216
sacr_3217
Jan-Feb
2007
6.80
11.53
6.05
16.31
20.24
10.56
12.28
9.43
8.38
8.69
6.50
7.11
8.99
10.13
8.71
13.68
10.55
4.53
6.72
11.96
11.66
21.97
11.99
9.44
11.60
23.63
37.36
36.99
27.47
20.64
38.88
33.08
10.07
11.13
10.10
11.13
34.31
40.28
29.23
19.64
24.31
9.36
8.08
6.76
19.21
6.23
19.97
Dec/Feb
2008
7.79
11.90
7.18
8.24
12.60
11.49
13.61
10.34
9.15
10.35
7.05
7.70
11.00
12.63
9.62
13.62
11.74
4.89
7.16
13.37
13.13
7.09
13.40
10.19
14.53
7.52
18.87
18.16
9.49
6.23
21.73
12.95
11.16
13.79
12.02
13.79
14.21
24.50
10.90
5.84
7.59
15.27
12.46
9.11
4.37
8.52
5.34
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3218
sacr_3219
sacr_3220
sacr_3221
sacr_3222
sacr_3223
sacr_3224
sacr_3225
sacr_3226
sacr_3227
sacr_3228
sacr_3229
sacr_3230
sacr_3231
sacr_3232
sacr_3233
sacr_3234
sacr_3235
sacr_3236
sacr_3238
sacr_3239
sacr_3240
sacr_3241
sacr_3242
sacr_3243
sacr_3244
sacr_3245
sacr_3246
sacr_3247
sacr_3248
sacr_3249
sacr_3250
sacr_3251
sacr_3252
sacr_3253
sacr_3254
sacr_3255
sacr_3256
sacr_3257
sacr_3258
sacr_3259
sacr_3260
sacr_3261
sacr_3262
sacr_3263
sacr_3264
sacr_3265
Jan-Feb
2007
7.10
10.00
6.12
8.05
5.91
8.70
8.70
4.46
4.88
4.91
29.31
40.64
38.57
5.89
9.76
8.44
7.86
7.96
7.70
5.91
6.59
5.49
7.92
9.41
12.89
10.94
12.14
9.35
9.24
5.94
9.97
8.54
11.51
8.62
11.42
6.83
6.58
5.30
8.65
9.64
9.76
5.84
6.34
6.75
9.12
7.34
5.43
Dec/Feb
2008
9.81
16.28
7.66
10.42
8.46
14.19
14.19
5.23
7.46
7.57
8.43
23.41
18.82
9.09
10.42
8.02
8.03
8.01
7.51
8.07
6.05
7.47
9.96
8.31
11.40
9.53
9.22
7.19
8.03
8.05
7.75
10.67
10.53
10.68
10.32
6.27
6.04
3.45
10.24
10.18
10.42
4.26
5.58
8.34
9.72
7.50
4.61
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3266
sacr_3267
sacr_3268
sacr_3269
sacr_3270
sacr_3271
sacr_3272
sacr_3273
sacr_3274
sacr_3275
sacr_3276
sacr_3277
sacr_3278
sacr_3279
sacr_3280
sacr_3281
sacr_3282
sacr_3283
sacr_3284
sacr_3285
sacr_3286
sacr_3287
sacr_3288
sacr_3289
sacr_3290
sacr_3291
sacr_3292
sacr_3293
sacr_3294
sacr_3295
sacr_3296
sacr_3297
sacr_3298
sacr_3299
sacr_3300
sacr_3301
sacr_3302
sacr_3303
sacr_3304
sacr_3305
sacr_3306
sacr_3307
sacr_3308
sacr_3309
sacr_3310
sacr_3311
sacr_3312
Jan-Feb
2007
8.86
7.32
7.82
8.13
9.76
9.58
7.81
9.51
7.82
8.28
7.92
7.91
9.76
7.03
8.75
6.63
7.32
5.25
4.64
8.34
7.45
6.87
4.79
8.80
8.70
4.55
5.18
5.41
4.43
6.84
5.45
23.77
6.33
8.39
9.36
8.00
10.85
5.31
7.74
6.09
10.68
9.21
7.50
9.94
6.77
7.62
10.47
Dec/Feb
2008
9.23
7.51
8.04
8.03
10.42
10.08
8.05
9.93
8.04
8.01
7.96
7.98
10.42
6.45
9.01
6.14
9.05
7.48
3.89
8.21
10.16
9.33
6.44
13.70
14.19
6.24
7.35
8.14
6.13
10.21
8.28
7.03
5.57
6.79
9.64
8.04
7.41
3.07
7.61
4.94
8.18
9.63
4.82
6.71
3.99
8.58
7.21
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3313
sacr_3314
sacr_3315
sacr_3316
sacr_3317
sacr_3318
sacr_3319
sacr_3320
sacr_3321
sacr_3322
sacr_3323
sacr_3324
sacr_3325
sacr_3326
sacr_3327
sacr_3328
sacr_3329
sacr_3330
sacr_3331
sacr_3332
sacr_3333
sacr_3334
sacr_3335
sacr_3336
sacr_3337
sacr_3338
sacr_3339
sacr_3340
sacr_3341
sacr_3342
sacr_3343
sacr_3344
sacr_3345
sacr_3346
sacr_3347
sacr_3348
sacr_3349
sacr_3350
sacr_3351
sacr_3352
sacr_3353
sacr_3354
sacr_3355
sacr_3356
sacr_3357
sacr_3358
sacr_3359
Jan-Feb
2007
12.31
9.81
12.32
9.25
10.03
5.32
6.93
6.13
8.69
6.16
12.32
8.55
10.86
11.35
10.71
4.61
11.41
6.89
9.86
8.33
10.53
5.34
11.19
9.99
5.89
8.12
10.63
6.60
5.46
6.95
6.18
10.88
5.44
5.88
10.63
10.65
15.57
13.56
4.74
5.17
13.53
16.97
14.46
12.27
16.45
12.22
8.99
Dec/Feb
2008
16.32
8.78
16.33
8.19
16.33
7.57
10.10
8.47
8.35
5.41
16.33
13.51
9.85
12.43
9.84
2.40
13.45
6.60
14.49
8.16
11.27
4.91
14.93
9.19
9.09
7.80
12.17
9.93
6.40
8.77
7.76
9.85
5.95
5.55
9.83
11.71
13.11
13.52
6.65
5.71
23.13
8.58
5.96
13.06
9.35
13.05
10.00
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3360
sacr_3361
sacr_3362
sacr_3363
sacr_3364
sacr_3365
sacr_3366
sacr_3367
sacr_3368
sacr_3369
sacr_3370
sacr_3371
sacr_3372
sacr_3373
sacr_3374
sacr_3375
sacr_3376
sacr_3377
sacr_3378
sacr_3379
sacr_3380
sacr_3381
sacr_3382
sacr_3383
sacr_3384
sacr_3385
sacr_3386
sacr_3387
sacr_3388
sacr_3389
sacr_3390
sacr_3391
sacr_3392
sacr_3393
sacr_3394
sacr_3395
sacr_3396
sacr_3397
sacr_3398
sacr_3399
sacr_3400
sacr_3401
sacr_3402
sacr_3403
sacr_3404
sacr_3405
sacr_3406
Jan-Feb
2007
25.29
10.68
10.99
8.14
12.23
19.41
13.75
11.31
8.54
18.16
25.21
13.34
12.29
22.37
21.84
20.80
11.87
25.04
16.28
14.58
13.04
6.44
15.39
15.19
15.22
15.24
14.45
6.88
15.50
14.71
12.94
17.43
13.11
14.78
15.95
6.87
7.27
5.83
8.33
4.87
14.38
10.27
7.03
9.55
5.77
7.14
10.03
Dec/Feb
2008
21.16
11.89
12.34
9.01
13.57
16.25
14.39
12.20
9.21
11.09
22.67
4.69
13.07
19.12
16.10
14.50
13.30
22.77
7.66
5.34
13.96
6.90
7.50
5.88
7.27
7.68
5.43
7.33
8.05
6.93
8.53
9.53
8.71
14.73
15.11
7.32
6.82
4.25
4.56
14.73
5.75
11.24
6.76
10.02
4.10
11.53
16.33
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3407
sacr_3408
sacr_3409
sacr_3410
sacr_3411
sacr_3412
sacr_3413
sacr_3414
sacr_3415
sacr_3416
sacr_3417
sacr_3418
sacr_3419
sacr_3420
sacr_3421
sacr_3422
sacr_3423
sacr_3424
sacr_3425
sacr_3426
sacr_3427
sacr_3428
sacr_3429
sacr_3430
sacr_3431
sacr_3432
sacr_3433
sacr_3434
sacr_3435
sacr_3436
sacr_3437
sacr_3438
sacr_3439
sacr_3440
sacr_3441
sacr_3442
sacr_3443
sacr_3444
sacr_3445
sacr_3446
sacr_3447
sacr_3448
sacr_3449
sacr_3450
sacr_3451
sacr_3452
sacr_3453
Jan-Feb
2007
11.77
4.42
4.80
10.05
9.15
10.87
9.78
10.43
7.84
6.73
5.76
7.70
6.31
9.79
6.36
5.81
13.66
8.30
4.16
9.53
5.53
6.40
4.65
12.76
11.35
5.95
6.83
16.27
15.38
14.30
6.70
11.13
20.84
6.62
17.41
4.65
7.36
11.04
9.30
11.51
9.03
6.21
9.72
8.21
14.51
5.84
6.08
Dec/Feb
2008
15.39
5.12
7.01
11.11
9.94
13.54
11.61
12.30
8.69
7.74
6.55
8.51
7.27
11.32
7.23
6.63
11.02
8.98
5.12
10.10
6.85
7.46
4.58
13.02
11.79
8.82
7.65
8.15
7.49
5.16
9.17
13.79
5.75
10.12
12.53
6.27
8.06
11.46
9.85
11.91
9.62
7.39
10.20
8.86
14.87
4.73
5.02
1206967
December 2012
Annex A
id
sacr_3454
sacr_3455
sacr_3456
sacr_3457
sacr_3458
sacr_3459
sacr_3460
sacr_3908
sacr_3909
sacr_3910
sacr_3911
sacr_3912
sacr_3913
sacr_3914
sacr_3915
sacr_3916
sacr_3917
sacr_3918
sacr_3919
sacr_3920
sacr_3921
sacr_3922
sacr_3923
sacr_3924
sacr_3925
sacr_3926
sacr_3927
sacr_3928
sacr_3929
Jan-Feb
2007
8.13
9.44
22.65
4.28
5.19
36.81
7.24
6.47
9.03
11.88
9.14
5.67
15.14
11.78
11.04
8.05
12.71
8.02
1.07
1.00
0.96
7.17
6.32
6.16
11.07
11.32
6.81
30.18
25.20
Dec/Feb
2008
9.16
4.92
19.59
4.91
4.30
16.21
7.06
1.44
1.33
3.88
4.26
0.93
4.81
1.55
1.53
1.16
4.73
1.04
0.74
0.71
0.66
1.93
1.01
0.99
7.61
8.33
1.12
10.32
8.27
117