FIRE PROTECTION PROGRAM

Fatma Lestari, PhD

Outline

Background:
100

Largest losses database

Management Commitment in Fire Protection

Program

References:
The 100 largest losses 1972-2011. Marsh.
Guidelines for Fire Protection in Chemical, Petrochemical, and Hydrocarbon
Processing Facilities. Center for Chemical Process Safety. 2003. Chapter 1-2.

Introduction

The 100 largest losses 1972-2011

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5 dari 6 kejadian tsb terjadi di Upstream.
Kategori fasilitas:
Refineries
Petrochemical plants
Gas Processing plants
Terminals/Distribution
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20 Larget Lossess

Examples of major fires

Consequences

Chemical
involved

Place and date

Deaths

Injuries

Methane

136

77

Cleveland, Ohio, United

States, 1944

LPG 1 (BLEVE)

18

90

Feyzin, France, 1966

LNG 2

40

Staten Island, New York.

United States, 1973

Methane

52

Santa Cruz, Mexico, 1978

LPG (BLEVE)

650

2 500

Mexico City, Mexico, 1984

Liquefied petroleum gas

Liquefied
natural gas

Examples of industrial explosions

Chemical involved

Consequences
Deaths

Place & date

Injuries

Dimethylether

245

3800

Ludwigshafen, Germany, 1948

Kerosene

32

16

Bitburg, Germany, 1954

Isobutane

13

Lake Charles, Louisiana, USA, 1967

Oil slops

85

Pernis, Netherlands, 1968

Propylene

230

East St. Louis, Illinois, USA, 1972

Propane

152

Decatur, Illinois, USA, 1974

Cyclohexane

28

89

Flixborough, UK, 1974

Propylene

14

107

Beek, Netherlands, 1975

Polyethylene

23

300

Pasadena, Houston, USA, 1989

Why organization needs Fire protection?

Data kebakaran 100 largest losses database

menunjukkan bahwa kebakaran & ledakan merupakan
kejadian yang menyebabkan kerugian besar
Diperlukan pendekatan yang sistematis untuk
mengendalikan bahaya kebakaran & ledakan di
industri
Fire protection is benefit for the organizations
Perusahaan menggunakan pendekatan - Risk
Management System (RMS) atau HSEMS vital untuk
Pencegahan Kerugian yang efektif
Fire protection merupakan bagian yang essensial
dalam RMS ataupun HSEMS
Mitos: Kebakaran tidak akan terjadi di lokasi kerja kami

Fire Protection Guidance

Definisi

Fire Protection: the science of reducing loss of life

& property from fire by control & extinguishment.
Fire

protection includes fire prevention, detection of a

fire, providing systems to control or mitigate the fire,
and providing manual firefighting capabilities

Fire prevention: activities whose purpose is to

prevent fires from starting.
Fire

protection & fire prevention go hand-in-hand

All fire protection programs include a fire prevention
program.

Management commitment

Management commitment is necessary for fire

protection program
The commitment includes:
Budget
Human resources
Infrastructure
Technology
Technical support
Sufficient resources to maintain these systems
Maintenance
Define roles & responsibilities for individuals

Integration with other Management System

Fire Protection is an essential part of HSEMS / RMS

An organization needs to develop a strategy for
fire protection
Cost-effective
Efficient

implementation
Continuous improvement
Review & updated periodically

Strategy & procedures for fire protection must be

established & followed

BP Texas City

23 Maret 2005; Texas City

15 fataliti; 105 luka-luka

Kerugian: USD 200.000.000 estimasi kini: USD 250.000.000

Efisiensi biaya automatic tank gauging

The 100 largest losses 1972-2011. Marsh.

Chemical Safety Board. BP Texas City. 2009.

"The most serious failure of leadership is the failure to foresee"

Robert Greenleaf

BP Gulf of Mexico

21 April 2010; Gulf of Mexico, USA

11 fataliti; 17 cidera

Kerugian; USD 560.000.000 estimasi kini: USD 590.000.000

Kompensasi: USD 20 billion

Efisiensi biaya USD1 juta & waktu produksi

British Petroleum. Deepwater Horizon. Accident Investigation Report.

2010

Case Study - Piper Alpha

Lokasi:
Tanggal, tahun:
Industri:
Kronologis kejadian:
Dampak:
Lesson Learned:
Video Piper Alpha

Case study- Piper Alpha, North Sea, UK