Wesley Viola

Lab TA: Amanda Kowalsick

March 28, 2014
Solubility Product Lab
Purpose: The solubility product Ksp for calcium hydroxide was
determined by creating a saturated solution of Ca(OH)2 and then
titrating it with a standardized solution of HCl to determine the
concentration of Ca2+ and OH-. Since the Ksp of calcium hydroxide =
[Ca2+] [OH-]2, it can be calculated with these values.
Procedure: The procedure outlined in the Lab 8 handout was followed.
During the titrations of the calcium hydroxide solution, the saturated
solution was mistaken for another solution and was thrown out. It had
to be remade for the last titration.
Data and Observations:
Standardization of HCl
Titration
Fast
1st
2nd
3rd

mL .1000M NaOH
added
5
4.9
4.8
4.6

Titration of Ca(OH)2
mL ~.1 HCl
Titration added
Fast
10
1st
11.7
2nd
10.8
3rd
9.5
Analysis and Calculations:
Standardization of HCL:
(.1000 M NaOH)(5 ml) = (x M HCl)(4.9 ml)
x = .102 M HCl
Titration of
HCl
1st
2nd

mL .1000 M
NaOH

Calculated M of
HCL
4.9
0.102
4.8
0.104

3rd
Avg

4.6

0.109
0.105

Standard deviation of calculated molarities of HCl:

Sqrt ( (.105-.102)2+(.105-.104)2+(.105-.109)2 ) = .00334
Determining molarity of OH- and Ca(OH)2 in saturated solution:
(.105 M HCl)(.0117 L) = .00123 mol H+ = .00123 mol OH- present in
solution initially
Since one mol Ca(OH)2 yields two mol of dissociated OH- ions, the
solution initially contained .00123 mol OH-/2 mol OH- per mol Ca(OH) 2
= 6.14E-4 mol Ca(OH)2
Titration of
Ca(OH)2
1st
2nd
3rd
Avg

L HCl
mol
M
added
Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
0.0117
0.000614
0.0194
0.0108
0.000567
0.0184
0.0095
0.000499
0.0169
0.000560
0.0182

Determining Ksp :
Since the dissolution of Ca(OH)2 involves the production of one mol
Ca2+ and two mol OH-, the solubility product equals [Ca2+][OH-]2.
1 M CaOH2 -> 1 M Ca2+, 2 M OH(.0194)(.0388)2 = 2.91E-5
Titration of saturated
Ca(OH)2

Ksp
2.91E- Discussion:
1st
05
2.50EThe actual Ksp value of
2nd
05 calcium hydroxide is 4.68106,
1.93E- which is 5.24 times less than the
3rd
05 average of the experimentally
2.45E- determined values. The most
Avg
05 likely reason for this larger than
actual Ksp value is that the filtration of the precipitate from the
saturated solution was incomplete. If this were the case, more calcium
hydroxide (dissolved and undissolved) would be present in the filtrate
than the actual saturated solution. The titration and analysis of the

filtered solution would then show a higher than actual solubility for
calcium hydroxide, as was found for this lab.
The filtrate must be clear and colorless for the same reason that
this error affects the determined solubility of calcium hydroxide. A
cloudy filtrate indicates that there is a substantial amount of
suspended, undissolved calcium hydroxide present, which in turn
suggests that some precipitate passed through the filter. There is an
issue with such a filtrate if precipitate went through the filter. If this
happened, the dissolved and undissolved calcium hydroxide in the
filtrate would not represent the dissolved calcium hydroxide in a
saturated solution. If the filtrate were analyzed as a saturated
solution, it would show a higher than actual solubility of calcium
hydroxide. As OH- ions react with H+, the dissolution reaction shifts to
the right via the common-ion effect, dissolving the previous
undissolved calcium hydroxide and making it appear that there was
more dissolved calcium hydroxide in the solution. This is why it is
essential to remove all undissolved calcium hydroxide.
This experiment could yield a more correct Ksp value if all of the
undissolved calcium hydroxide can be separated from the dissolved
calcium and hydroxide ions in a saturated solution. A filter that has
pores small enough to prevent the solid calcium hydroxide through yet
large enough to allow the ions to pass would be ideal for this situation.

Citations:
Chem 2 Laboratory Secton at Trunk.
https://trunk.tufts.edu/access/content/group/c8e7b33d-afd6-47d3b9d2-84c4dd10a2cd/Lab/Exp_7Ksp.pdf
CHEM 106 - General Chemistry 2
http://users.stlcc.edu/gkrishnan/ksptable.html