Beruflich Dokumente
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Electrostatics
Objective:
After completion this chapter, the student will
able to:
Maxwells Equations
Fundamental relations:
.D = v
.B = 0
B
E =
t
D
H = J +
t
Electrostatics:
Magnetostatics
as
Similarly, if charge is
distributed along
line, which need not
be straight, we
characterize the
distribution in terms
of the line charge
density l , defined
as
Q=
0.1
dz = 2 zdz =z
l
| = 102 C
2 0
0.1
Solution
Current Density
The charges are moving with a mean velocity u along
the axis tube.
Over the period t , the charges move a distance
l = u t . The amount of charge that crosses the
tubes cross sectional surface in time t is
therefore
is not necessarily
parallel to u. In this
case, the amount of
charges q flowing
through s
And the corresponding
current is:
Coulombs Law
Coulombs Law states that:
If
is independent of the magnitude of E, then the
material is said to be linear because D and E are
related linearly, and if it is independent of the
direction of E, the material is said to be isotropic
v dv'
dq
= R
4 R '2
4 R '2
Solution
Example 3-5
Find the electric field at point P(0,0,h) in free
space at a height h on the z-axis due to a circular
disk of charge in the x-y plane with uniform
charge density s as shown in figure 3-7 and then
evaluate E for the infinite -sheet case by letting
a
Gausss Law
We now return to Eq 3.1a
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Solution:
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Solution:
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In spherical coordinate,
Poissons Equation
With D = E , the differential form of Gaussians law
given by eq 3.26 may be written by:
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Electrical permittivity
Magnetic permeability
conductivity
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Conductors
The drift velocity ue of electrons in a
conducting material is related to the
externally applied electric field E through
e is electron mobility (m 2 /V.s)
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In either case,
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Example
A 3 mm diameter copper wire with conductivity of
5.8 107 S/m and electron mobility of 0.0032 (m2/V.s) is
Solution????
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Resistance
l = x2 x1
voltage V applied across the conductor
terminals establishes an electric field E=x Ex
From R=V/I
The voltage across the resistor is equal to the line integral over
a path l between two specified points and the current I is equal
to the flux J through the surface s of resistor.
Thus
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Joules Law
The power dissipated in a conducting medium in
presence of an electrostatic field E
The medium contains free electrons and holes with
volume charge densities ve and vh
The electron and hole charge contained in an
element volume v is qe = ve v
and
qh = vh v
Fe = qe E=ve vE
qe and qh are
and Fh = qe E=vh vE
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Dielectrics
External electric field cannot
affect mass migration of
charges since none are able
to move freely, but it can
polarize the atoms or
molecules in the material by
distorting the center of the
cloud and the location of
nucleus
The polarized atom or
molecule can be represented
by an electric dipole
consisting of charge +q and
q
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or
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Dielectric-Conductor Boundary
Consider medium 1 is
dielectric and medium 2 is
perfect conductor, E=D=0
everywhere in the
conductor, which requires
the tangential and normal
component of E2 and D2 to
be zero.
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Conductor-conductor Boundary
Consider medium 1 and
medium 2
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Capacitance
If two conducting bodies are
separated by an insulating
(dielectric) medium, it will form
a capacitor
If dc voltage source is
connected to the conductors for
two arbitrary conductors,
charge is equal and opposite
polarity is transferred to the
conductors surfaces
The surface of the conductor
connected to the positive side of
the source will accumulate
charge positive and charge
negative will accumulate on the
the surface of the other
conductor.
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and
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