EX. 1 M.C.

Q
L-4
1. At which point on the principal axis does the incident rays parallel to the principal axis meet?
A. Optical centre B. Centre of curvature C. Focal point D. Any point on the principal axis
2. Where is the image formed , when an object is kept beyond 2f in front of convex lens?
A. Beyond F and 2F B. At 2F C. Between F and 2F D. At F
3. where should be an object kept in front of convex lens such that the final image formed is real and
magnified?
A. Between F and 2F B. At 2F C. Beyond 2F D. Between F and P
4. Where should be an object kept in front of convex lens such that final image formed is virtual?
A. At 2F B. Beyond 2F C. Between F and 2F D. Between F and P
5. Where is the image formed when an object is kept at 2F in front of a convex lens?
A. Beyond 2F B. At 2F C. Between F and 2F D. At F
6. Which type of image can never be formed by a convex lens?
A. Real and diminished B. Real and magnified C. Virtual and diminished D. Virtual and magnified
7. What is the nature of the image formed by a concave lens?
A. Virtual , erect and diminished B. Real and magnified C. Virtual , erect and magnified
D. Real , inverted and magnified
L-6
1. What is the name of the process by which the glucose molecules in our body cells liberate heat by reacting
with oxygen?
A. Rapid combustion B. Slow combustion
C. Incomplete combustion D Complete combustion
2. Which of the following is a combustible substance?
A. Stone B.Glass C. Asbestos D. Wood
3. Which of the the following is not used in extinguishing fire?
A. Sand B. Water C. carbon dioxide D. Oxygen
4. What is the color of the outmost zone of the candle flame where complete combustion takes place?
A. Blue B. Black C. Yellow D. Red
L-7
1. Which of the following is not a fossil fuel ?
A Wood B Mineral coal C Petroleum D Natural gas
2. Which variety of coal is ranked the best ?
A Peat coal B Lignite C Bitumen coal D Anthracite
3. At what temperature range is petrol obtained in the fractional distillation of petroleum ?
A Between 120o C to 180o C B Between 180oC to 260o C
C Between 260o C to 340oC
D Between 30oC to 120oC
4. At what temperature range is kerosene obtained during the fractional distillation of petroleum ?
A Between 30oC to 120oC B Between 120o C to 180o C
C Between 180oC to 120o C
D Between 260o C to 340oC
5 At what temperature range is diesel obtained during the fractional distillation of petroleum ?
A Between 30oC to 120oC
B Between 120o C to 180o C
C Between 180oC to 260o C
D Between 260o C to 340oC
6. What is obtained in the uppermost part of fractional distillation tower ?
A Diesel B Petroleum gas C Petrol D Fuel oil
7. Which constituent of petroleum is used for making grease ?
A Naphtha B Lubricant oil C fuel oil D Tar
EX. 2 ANSWER IN ONE SENTENCE

L-1
Q1. What do you mean by a concave lens?
A1. The lenses for which both the surfaces are curved inward is called concave lens.
Q2. Where should an object be placed in front of convex lens such that the final image is real and is of the same
size as that of the object?
A2. At 2f an object should be placed in front of convex lens such that the final image is real and is of the same
size as that of the object.
Q3. What is the nature of the image formed when an object is placed between focal point and optical of a
convex lens?
A3. The image formed when an object is placed between focal point and optical of a convex lens is virtual ,
erect and larger than the object
Q4. What is the nature of the image formed when an object is placed at the focal point of a convex lens?
A4. when an object is placed at the focal point of a convex lens the image is formed at infinite and the image is
real , inverted and highly magnified.
Q5. Write the name of instruments in which concave lens is used?
A5. Concave lens is used for making spectacles for near sightedness and in door holes.
Q6.Where is telescope used?
A6. 1) Telescope is used in the study of astronomy
2) One can study planets , stars , moon and entire solar system.
L-6
Q.1 What do you mean by combustible substances?
A.1 A substance which catches fire is called combustible substance (eg) wood, paper, etc.
Q.2 What is the color of the flame when a substance undergoes incomplete combustion?
A.2 The color of the flame is yellow when a substance undergoes incomplete combustion.
Q.3 Which portion of the flame does a goldsmith use with the help of a blowpipe while making ornaments?
A.3 Goldsmith make use of central portion of flame while making ornaments.
Q.4 What is the full form of LPG?
A.4 The full form of LPG is Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
Q.5 In which type of combustion heat is produced but light is not produced?
A.5 In slow combustion heat is produced but light is not produced.
L-7
1. Which variety of coal is ranked the lowest ?
A. Peat is ranked the lowest.
2. Which variety of coal is used in the thermal power station and railways ?
A. Lignite coal is used in the thermal power station and railways.
3. At what temperature is petroleum heated before it is sent in the fractional distillation tower?
A. Petroleum is heated at 450oC temperature before it is sent in the fractional distillation tower.
4. Between what temperature range is naphtha obtained during the fractional distillation of petroleum ?
A naphtha is obtained in the distillation of petroleum between 120oC to 180oC
5. What is obtained in between temperatures 260oC to 340oC is the fractional distillation tower in the fractional
distillation of petroleum?
A. Diesel is obtained in between temperatures 260oC to 340oC is the fractional distillation tower in the
fractional distillation of petroleum.
6. What are the uses of petroleum gas ?
A. The uses of petroleum gas are 1. In the fractional distillation first of all at 25o C, petroleum gas is separated.
2. Mainly it is used in vehicles and as a feul for cooking food it is known as L.P.G.
7. Due to which gases in the exhaust of the vehicles the atmospheric pollution has increased?
A. The atmospheric pollution has increased due to sulphur dioxide , oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide
present in the exhaust of the vehicles.
EX. 3 DEFINE
L-5
1) Centre of curvature : curved surface of lens are part of two spheres , the centre of that sphere are called

centre of curvature of the lens.

2) Radius of curvature : the radius of the sphere of which curved surface of lens is a part , is called radius
of curvature.
3) Focal length : the distance between optical centre and focal point is called focal length.
L-6
1. Combustion: A chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen and produces heat and light is
called combustion.
2. ignition point: A substance catches fire at definite temperature, this temperature is called ignition point.
3. Complete combustion: When a substance get sufficient amount of oxygen it burns with a blue flame it is
called complete combustion (eg) combustion of L.P.G.
EX.4 ANSWER IN BRIEF
L-5
Q1. How is a point like image of the sun obtained using a convex lens? Explain.
A1. 1) Take a convex lens. 2) Hold it in such a way that sunrays are incident on it and concentrate at a point on
white paper. 3) Here convex lens is used to converge the sun rays and to obtain point like image of the sun
Q2. Explain the formation of image by a concave lens with the help of a figure.
A2. When an object is at any distance in the front of the concave lens , the emerging rays do not meet but
diverge with respect to principal axis. So image formed by concave lens is always virtual , erect and smaller
than the object.
Q3. Give name of instruments used in our day-to-day life in which convex lens is used.
A3. 1) Spectacles for far sightedness. 2) In magnifying lens. 3) In telescope , microscope , binocular. 4) In film
projector. 5) In camera.
Q4. What are the uses of telescope?
A4.The uses of telescope are 1) Telescope is used to study sky and celestial body like planets ,stars , etc. 2)
Simple telescope is used to see distant object nearer and clearer.
Q5. What do watch repairer use a convex lens for?
A5. Watch repairer use a convex lens because when the minute parts of watch are placed between convex lens
and its focal point they appear magnified so the watch repairer can repair the watch easily using a convex lens
L-6
Q.1 Write three condition necessary for the combustion of a substance.
A.1 For the combustion of a substance three matters are required:1. It should get oxygen of air continuously.
2. The substance should attain definite temperature .
3. It should get sufficient amount of fuel.
2 What will you do if a fire has broken out in the house of your neighbor?
A If a fire has broken out in the house of your neighbor
1 I will call fire brigade
2 I will pour water or use any fire extinguisher I will use it
3 I will help people caught in the fire and sent them to the hospital if required.
3 Why is water not used to put off the fire caused due to electricity ?
A Water not used to put off the fire caused due to electricity because it conduct electricity and there is a risk of
getting electric shock.
4 In which place do we find fire extinguisher ?
A We find fire extinguisher in schools, malls, offices, petrol pump, airport, railway station.
5 Which substances are used to extinguish fire?
A Substance like water , soaf foam , sand, thick cloth, or mattress and carbon dioxide gas to extinguish fire.
6 Why do we have holes in the formation of lantern/gas stove?
A Lantern/gas stove fuel is used to produce fire . the holes in the lower part helps to provide continuous supply
of air so that the fire burns continuously without producing smoke.
7 Why are LPG/PNG fuels better than other fuels for cooking?

A LPG/PNG fuels undergo complete combustion and produce more heat, No smoke is produced, when this
burned . Hence there is no pollution.
L-7
1. What do you mean by fossil fuel? how many types of fossil fuels are there?
A. Millions of years ago plants and animals either living or dead were buried under the earth due to the heat and
the pressure of earth crust they were converted into fossils. The fuel formed form such fossils are called fossil
fule. There are mainly three types of fossil fuels 1.Mineral coal 2.Petroleum (mineral oil) 3. Natural gas.
2. How did mineral coal formed?
A. Millions of year ago vegetations like plants and trees were buried under the earth. Due to the natural process
and because of high pressure and high temperature under the earth they were compressed and converted to
mineral coal.
3. State the types of mineral coal?
A. There are 4 types of mineral coal they are 1.Peat coal 2.Lignite coal 3.Bitumen 4. Anthracite
4. How is petroleum formed in the earth crust?
A. On the earth many times there were very big storms in the oceans due to this in the coastal area the
microscopic aquatic creatures were buried under the soil of the ocean under the high pressure and under the
high tempeature of the earth they were converted into petroleum.
5. Which substance are obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum?
A. substance are obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum are petroleum gas, petrol, naphtha,
kerosene, diesel , lubricating oil, fuel oil and tar.
6. How can we use the substances like petrol and diesel judiciously?(Give three points)
A. substances like petrol and diesel judiciously should be used 1. For walking distance vehicles running on
petrol and diesel should not be used 2. switch off the engine of the vehicles when you are waiting on the traffic
signal 3. Instead of personal vehicles use public transport 4. The engine of the vehicles should be serviced
regularly 5. Vehicles having high mileage and high efficiency should be used.
EX.5 DIFFERENCE
L-4
Convex lens
lens for which both the surfaces are
curved outward is called convex
lens.
2. It is thicker in the middle than the
edges.
3. It is convergent lens
1.

Concave lens
1. lens for which both the surfaces are
curved inward is called convex lens.
2. It is thinner in the middle and
thicker at edges.
3. It is divergent lens

L-6
Complete combustion
When a substance get sufficient amount of oxygen it burns with blue flame it is called complete combustion
Eg combustion of LPG
They donot spread pollution
Incomplete combustion
When a substance does not get sufficient oxygen and burns with yellow flame is called Incomplete combustion.
Eg combustion of wood
They spread pollution
Ex. 6 Diffrence
1
Lignite
Anthracite
1. It is brown or grey in colour
1. It is hard and black in colour
2. It is smokey and make plenty
2. It is the best quality of coal
of ashe
3. It is used in house and industries
3. It is used in thermal power staion

and railways
2.
petrol
1. Petrol is sperated at 30oC to 120oC
340oC
2. It is used as fuel in vehecles
truck and
3. It is highly inflameble

Deisel
1. Deisel is sperated at 260oC to
2. It is used as fule in vehecles like
tractor
3. It is less inflameble than petrol

True or False
L-4
1. When magnesium strip is burnt it burns with a white color flame. False.
2. Till the temperature of a substance does not reach its ignition point it does not catch fire. True.
3. Water can be used to extinguish fire caused due to petrol. False.
4. The yellow section in the flame of a candle is the largest zone. True.
L-6
1. Peat coal is useful for factories. False
2. Lignite is also known as brown coal. True
3. Petroleum is renewable source of energy. False
4. Lubricant oil is useful in vehicles and as fuel in cooking. False
5. Anthracite is the best quality coal. True
Give Reasons
L-6
1. When a paper cup filled with water is hearted over a candle flame the paper cup does not burn because if the
temperature of the substance does not reach till its ignition point, the substance doesnot start burning. Due to
this reason the cup doesnot start burning as long as there is water in it.
2. Fir caused due to petrol cannot be extinguished by water because by this way fire doesnot extinguishes.
Petrol is lighter than water so it floats on water and spread. If water is used there is a risk of getting burn.
L-7
We must use substance like petrol diesel sparingly and very judiciously because - petroleum is non-renewable
source of energy it takes millions of year to form the stock of petroleum is limited so if we make extravagant
use of item there is probability that it will be exhausted in near future further use of these substance increase
pollution
CLASSIFY
L-6
Combustible substances : Cardboard , Wood , sulphur ,phosphorous , coal , petrol , hydrogen
Non- combustible substances : iron strip , copper strip , glass , mud , stone , water ,carbon dioxide