DC Motors

Types of DC Motors

Separately excited DC motor

Shunt DC Motor
Permanent-magnet DC motor
Series DC motor
Compound DC motor

Separately Excited DC Motor

Shunt DC Motor

Torque-Speed Characteristic of a Shunt

DC Motor

@ NO LOAD: EA1 = VT = 250 V, n1= 1200 rpm

Nonlinear Analysis of a Shunt DC Motor

Speed Control of Shunt DC Motors

Adjusting the Field Resistance RF

What will happen if the field resistance goes to infinity,

i.e., an open filed circuit?

Adjusting the Terminal Voltage

Speed Regulation of DC Motors

The Permanent-Magnet DC Motor

- Poles are made of permanent magnets
- Common in smaller fractional and subfractional
horsepower size

Advantages:
No need for field excitation
No field circuit copper losses
Can be made smaller than corresponding shunt dc motors
Disadvantages:
Has a lower induced torque per ampere of armature current
than a shunt motor of the same size and construction.
Has the risk of demagnetization.

The Series DC Motor

Equivalent Circuit:

VT = EA + IA (RA + RS)
= cIA
ind = K IA = KcIA2

The torque-speed characteristic of a

series dc motor:

VT
Kc

1
ind

RA RS
Kc

Speed Control of Series DC Motors.

there is only one efficient way to change the
speed of a series dc motor.
That method is to change the terminal voltage
of the motor.
If terminal voltage is increased, the speed will
increase for any given torque.

The Compound DC Motor

The Equivalent Circuits
Long-shunt connection:

 Short-shunt connection:

The EMF Equations

Long-shunt:
VT = EA + IA (RA + RS)
Short-shunt:
VT = EA + IA RA + ILRS
Currents
IA = IL - IF
IF = VT/RF
The net mmf and the effective shunt field current
Fnet = FF FSE - FAR
IF* = IF (NSE/NF) IA FAR/NF

The Torque-Speed Characteristic of a Cumulatively Compounded DC

Motor (CC)
There is a component of flux which is constant and another
component which is proportional to its armature current (and thus
to its load). Thus, CC motor has a higher starting torque than a
shunt motor (whose flux is constant) but a lower starting torque
than a series motor (whose entire flux is proportional to armature
current).
The CC motor combines the best features of both the shunt and
series motors. Like a series motor, it has extra torque for starting;
like a shunt, it does not overspeed at no-load.

At light loads, the series field has a very small effect, so the motor
behaves approximately as a shunt dc motor. As the load gets very
large, the series flux becomes quite important and the torquespeed curve begins to look like a series motors characteristic.

Comparison of the torque-speed characteristic.:

The torque-speed
characteristic of a cumulatively
compounded dc motor
compared to series and shunt
motors with the same full-load
rating.

The torque-speed
characteristic of a
cumulatively compounded
dc motor compared to a
shunt motor with the same
no-load speed.

End of Part 3