Sie sind auf Seite 1von 2

Cell

vacuoles. In plant it is more in number and here it is known


as dictyosome.

Cell is a basic structural and functional unit of Life.


The word cell was first coined by British scientist Robert
Hook in 1665.
The smallest cell is Mycoplasma Gallisepticum.
The longest cell is Neuron.
The biggest cell is egg of Ostrich.
All organisms are composed of cell.
Cell wall In plant cell there is a rigid cell wall which is
non living and freely permeable. It is made up of cellulose
and chitin. It provides shape and rigidity to the cell.
Cell membrane It is also known as plasma membrane,
which form the outer covering of animal cell. In plant cell it
is found within cell wall. It is thin, elastic, living, double
layer, permeable membrane. It is made up of phospholipid
molecules. It regulates movement of molecules inside and
outside of the cell.
Protoplasm The whole fluid present inside plasma
membrane is protoplasm. The name protoplasm is given by
Purkinje in 1839. Protoplasm is made up of various
chemical substances like water, ions, salt and organic
molecule. It is living part of cell. Protoplasm is divided into
two parts

Cytoplasm The fluid found outside the nuclear


membrane.
Nucleoplasm The fluid found inside the nuclear
membrane.

Mitochondria Discovered by Altman in 1886. These are


cylindrical, rod shaped or spherical structure found in
cytoplasm. It is surrounded by double layered membrane.
Inner membrane has many fold called cristae. The fluid
present inside mitochondria is called matrix, which contain
many enzyme and co-enzyme. Mitochondria is the
respiratory site of cellular respiration.
Mitochondria synthesize energy rich compound ATP. It is
also known as Power house of the cell.
Golgi bodies Discovered by scientist Camilo Golgi. Golgi
bodies are made up of group of tubes, vesicles and

Golgi bodies work as storage, processing and packageing of


material. It also involved in the synthesis of cell wall,
plasma membrame and lysosomes.
Endoplasmic reticulum Membranous network of tubules
like structure found cytoplasm is called endoplasmic
reticulum. It is attached with the nucleus on one side on the
other side it is joined with plasma membrane.
Endoplasmic reticulum helps in the distribution of material.
It forms supporting framework of cell.
Ribosome Discovered by Palade. Small granules like
structure found attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum or in
free state. It is made up of RNA. Its main function is to take
part is protein synthesis.
Lysosome Discovered by De Duve. These are sac like
structure bounded by single membrane and contain
hydrolytic enzyme.
Centrosome Discovered by Boveri. It is only found in
animal cell taking part in cell division. It is not bounded by
membrane consist of two centriole. It helps in the formation
of spindle fibre during cell division.
Plastid Only found in plant cell. It is of three types a)
Chloroplast b) Chromoplast c) Leucoplast.
(a) Chloroplast Thesr are green pigment found in
green plant involve in photosynthesis. So, it is
known as kitchen of the cell. Chloroplast is
bounded by two unit of membrane having grana
and stroma. Grana are membrane bounded by sac
like structure found in stacks containing
chlorophyll molecule. Storma is the matrix presnt
inside
the
chloroplast,
which
contain
photosynthesis enzymes and starch grain. Granum
is the site of dark reaction during photosynthesis
while storma is the site of dark reaction.
Chloroplast provides green colour to plant and take
part in photosynthesis.
(b) Chromoplast provides various colours to the
plant.
(c) Leucoplast It is colourless. It stores food in the
form of starch, fat and protein.

Vacoule These are fluid filled single membrane bounded,


dead organelles of cell. In plant cell, it is larger in size but in
animal it is smaller. It helps in osmoregulation and It stores
toxic metabolic waste.

Powerhouse of the cell


Control room of the cell
Kitchen of the cell
Distribution of material
Protein synthesis
Cell division
Fluid inside the cell
Osmoregulation
Green colour to the plant
Photosynthesis in plant
Colours to plant
Store food inside cell
Movement of molecules
Shape and rigidity
Longest cell
Biggest cell

Motochondria
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
Centrosome
Protoplasm
Vacule
Chloroplast only in plant
Chloroplast only in plant
Chromoplast - only in plant
Leucoplast - only in plant
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Neuron
Ostrich

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen