ESCP

EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN
"Project Jalan Sebaya - Bukit Bujang Balai Badang - Mensudut Lama, Segamat, Johor"
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INTRODUCTION
A properly planned and designed alignment (which included bridges, junction,
etc.) can minimize impact and expedite the travel time between Lebuhraya
Tun Abdul Razak and Kampung Bukit Bujang Balai Badang. The various
impacts have been examined at this stage in order the road avoid sensitive
areas or resources.
Mitigation involves the possible preventive, remedial or compensatory
measures for each of the adverse impacts evaluated to be significant.
Prevention is done during the project planning and design stage whereby the
route layout can be considered and modified to suit the existing structure
plan based on sensitive environmental parameters such as topography, land
use, ecology, population and others. At this environmental assessment stage
there is a need to rationalized mitigation measures to ensure that an
unreasonable cost budget is not recommended which will result in the project
being costly or not taking off. Thus base on environmental concerns the
acceptance of the route depends not on minimal adverse impacts but on low
mitigation costs.
Mitigation measures need to be incorporated into planning stage of the
project to minimize or mitigate potentially significant adverse impacts later
during the construction and operation phases.
Residual impacts (impacts that remain after mitigation measures have been
applied) need to be identified early so that there is awareness on the longterm effects of the project.
IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL
Most construction activity involves a dramatic change the natural
environmental, through clearing of the natural vegetation an earthwork
activities.
In general construction activity results in the exposure of topsoil to erosive
rain and siltation from surface runoff those impacts upon drainage systems
and receiving water bodies. The loss of vegetative cover also increases the
risk of flash floods in low-lying areas as a result it increased surface runoff.
There is an appreciable increase in dust levels within the immediate
construction area as well as an increase in noise and heavy vehicular traffic.
The potential impact has to be evaluated against nearby receptors.
The following construction activities have been identified as having potential
impacts at the site and on the surrounding areas:
Site Clearing
Earthworks
Construction of road and other facilities
Operation of machinery
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Report No. ECS.2013.SSSB.EMP

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EROSION AND SEDIMENT

Uncontrolled site clearing and earthworks will result:
Increased possibility of slope failure with the removal of land cover;
Exposure of bare land causing increased soil erosion rates;
Sedimentation and water pollution resulting in higher SS, BOD, and

COD levels, reduced light penetration and reduced BOD levels; and
Flooding of upstream areas due to reduced river carrying capacity

because of siltation
CONTROL MEASURES
A site management measures with a system of non-structural and structural
erosion and sediment controls for incorporation into an erosion and sediment
controls by decreasing erosion potential, whereas structural controls are both
preventive and mitigative because they control both erosion and sediment
movement.
An Erosion and Sediment Control Plans (ESCPs) are required to be
formulated as an integral part of the project site planning. The "Guideline for
Prevention of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation", issued by the DOE, and
Volume 16 (Construction BMPs and Plans) of the Urban Storm water
management Manual for Malaysia should be referred to when preparing soil
erosion and sediment control plans for the whole development.
This ESCP is prepared in according to the overall earthwork planning and
schedule to serve as a general overview and guideline to pertinent issues for
this project site.
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Non-structural Control
Typical non-structural erosion controls include-:
Planning and designing the development within the natural constrain of
the site
The road should be constructed as close as possible to the existing
topography in order to minimize cutting, thus increase erosion rate and
increase the risk of slope failure.
Planning and designing the development within the natural constrain of
the site
Implementation of the project, especially site clearing and intensive
earthworks, should be scheduled during the time of year when the erosion
potential of the site is relatively low, i.e. during the dry season. From
examination of the rainfall data, it is observed that the driest months of the
year are between June to July and between January to February. However,
during this period, regular road watering should be conducted as bare, dry
site will be more prone to suspended particles.
Schedule construction of certain structural controls before site clearing
In order to ensure effective slit control during the commencement of the
earthworks phase, certain measures must be implemented. The following
control measures must be constructed prior to commencement of land
clearing of the pertinent phase:
Stabilized site access point

The main sediment basin and temporary access roads on the
alignment of the permanent roadways
Silt trap where necessary
Main earth drains and waterways are to be planted with a buffer strip
of vegetation;
Earthworks management; and
The earthworks should be planned and managed such that any cut
earth will be filled in a section of the same phase and compacted the
same day. This approach negates the need for stockpiling of suitable
earth.
Staged construction
Wide area clearance of the project site should be avoided. Planning and
staging of land disturbance activities will be such that only the area currently
under construction is exposed at any one time. As soon as the grating and
construction in the area are complete, the area should be stabilized.
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Clear only areas essential for construction

Only those areas essential for completing construction activities should be
cleared, and other areas should remain undisturbed. This will minimize the
area of bare soil exposed at one time thus reducing erosion rates at any one
time. Additionally, the proposed limits of land disturbance should be
physically marked off to ensure that only the required land area is cleared.
Unsuitable material and surplus earth
Unsuitable materials and surplus earth shall be disposed off at a designated
area. The method of depositing the soil tips must be properly engineered,
designed and approved by the Safety Officer. The stockpile of this material
should not be placed near any watercourses or at the critical area such as
steep slopes.
Unsuitable materials and surplus earth need to be sufficiently graded, leveled
and revegetated. No tipping is to be allowed.
Cover or stabilize stockpiles
Small stockpiles can be covered with a tarpaulin to prevent erosion. Large
stockpiles should be stabilized by erosion blankets or seeding. If a stockpile
is located on a gentle slope, an earth bank should be utilized above the
stockpile to prevent runoff from flowing downhill at a high velocity and eroding
the stockpile. Silt fences can also be utilized around the stockpile.
Use wind erosion controls
Sprinkling the soil surface with water, thus reducing the potential to be carried
by the wind. This measure is generally used on earth roads where vehicular
movement will churn up fine particles. However, this process must be
repeated when necessary to ensure its effectiveness in preventing wind
erosion.
Structural Controls
Intercept runoff above disturbed slopes and convey it to a permanent
channel or storm drain.
Earth dikes, perimeter dikes and swales, or diversions shall be used to be
intercept and convey runoff above disturbed areas. The diversion channels
will be used to intercept flow from denuded areas or newly seeded areas to
keep the disturbed areas from being eroded from uphill runoff. Temporary
drains shall be constructed prior or any land clearing activities. These
diversion channels are to be inspected after heavy rainfall, and sediment
build-up must be removed.
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On long or steep, disturbed, or man-made slopes, construct benches,

terraces, or ditches at regular intervals to intercept runoff
Benches, terraces, or ditches break up a slope by providing channels of low
slope in the perpendicular direction. This will keep water from proceeding
down the slope at increasing volume and velocity. Instead, the flow is
directed to a suitable outlet, such as a sediment basin trap. The frequency of
beaches, terraces or ditches will depend on the credibility of the soils,
steepness and length of the slope, and rock outcrops.
Provide lining for urban runoff conveyance channels
Site clearing and earthworks will result in exposure of bare areas which in
turn, increase the velocity and volume of runoff. This if unregulated, causes
erosion in newly constructed of existing urban runoff conveyance channels. If
the runoff during or after construction will cause erosion in a channel, the
channel should be lined or flow controls installed. The first choice of lining
should be grass since this reduces runoff velocities and provides water
quality benefits through filtration and infiltration. If the velocity in the channel
would erode the grass, then riprap, concrete, or gabion can be used.
Turfing
Turfing and hydro-seeding must be carried out immediately after earthworks
and before work on the berm lift commences.
Procedures which promote rapid establishment of a grass or mulch cover on
a cleared or graded area shall be established. Aside from seeding and
fertilizing, mulches and/or nettings shall also be deployed. Newly established
vegetation does not have strong root system as established vegetation and
therefore is more prone to erosion, especially on steep slopes. Only seed
mixtures which are adaptable to the site should be used, and as far as
possible, the use of exotic species should be avoided. The seeding rate must
be determined so that adequate soil protection can be achieved without the
excess cost overseeing.
Mulch and erosion controls mats
Depending on the actual conditions on-site during the implementation of the
projects, turfing through either turf planting or hydro-seeding alone may prove
to be unsuitable, especially in a combination of steep slopes and unfavorable
soils. Under such circumstances, mulching and use of erosion protection mats
used in conjunction with hydro-seeding may be required. Erosion mats would
also be used, its use generally made of padi straws/stalks and jute. Should the
soil conditions are unfavorable to fast growing vegetation, synthetic materials,
usually of high density polyethylene (HDPE) would be deployed. Under certain
circumstances, temporary erosion protection such as plastic sheets can also
be used to cover the exposed slopes.
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Sediment Basin
A sediment basin is a structure formed by excavation and/or construction of an
embankment across waterways in order to collect and store sediment before it
leaves the construction site. Sediment basins shall be installed prior to full
scale grading and remain in place until the disturbed portions of the drainage
area are fully stabilized. 15 sediment basins shall be constructed recovering all
the construction area. All of the sediment basin shall comply with the drawing
in aspect of location and specification.
Sediment Trap
Sediment trap is a small excavated or bermed area where runoff from small
drainage areas is being detained and sediment can settle.
Silt/Sediment Trap
Silt/Sediment trap is structure that designed to trap or catch sediment from
water runoff. Silt/Sediment traps are typically installed in a drainage way or
other point of discharge from disturbed area, and shall be constructed prior or
any earthworks. As the proposed stretch located at low lying area, and erosion
predicts to be of low rate, hence, silt trap might not be necessary. In this
construction period, numbers of silt traps shall be constructed to minimize the
amount of silt/sediment flows into the river. Constructions of the entire silt trap
shall comply with the locations and specification as shown on the drawing.
Below are the drawings indicating locations and details construction drawings.
KPKR/J/LB/011235/EPW/16
KPKR/J/LB/011235/EPW/7A
KPKR/J/LB/011235/AM/67
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Vegetation Filter Strips
Vegetated filter strips should have relatively low slopes and adequate length
and should be planted with erosion-resistant plant species. A common species
which is used is vetiver grass which is normally planted in several rows and
over amply long strips. Other applications of such grass are in riparian planting
along narrow streams as well as along the inner faces of sediment ponds.
Inlet Protection
Inlet protection provisions shall be incorporated at inlet points to stormwater
drainage systems in order to prevent excessive silt and sediment from entering
the system. These will include filter fabrics, packed gravel, or sand bags.
However, these structures require regular maintenance to prevent clogging.
Construction of Wash Through at Entrance / Exit Points
At all points of access to and from the project site, a pad of gravel over filter
cloth shall be constructed together with lorry washing through. As vehicles
drive over the gravel, mud and sediment are removed from the vehicles
wheels and contained in the wash through.
Inspection and Maintenance Plan
All structural and non-structural controls must be checked periodically
especially after heavy rains, and maintained sufficiently to ensure efficient
performance. An inspection and Maintenance Plan should be prepared and
implemented. This includes;
Assigned personnel responsible for inspection and maintenance;

Determine maintenance requirements of any control measures and
make sure the requirements are implemented accordingly (e.g replace
failed controls, remove trapped sediment, etc.);
Prepare and update the inspection and maintenance records
systematically.
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ESCP

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EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN

EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN

EROSION AND SEDIMENT

Increased possibility of slope failure with the removal of land cover;

Exposure of bare land causing increased soil erosion rates;

Sedimentation and water pollution resulting in higher SS, BOD, and

Flooding of upstream areas due to reduced river carrying capacity

EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN

Stabilized site access point

EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN

Clear only areas essential for construction

EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN

On long or steep, disturbed, or man-made slopes, construct benches,

EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN

EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN

Assigned personnel responsible for inspection and maintenance;

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