Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Core data
Log data
Porosity
Density (mostly)
TOC
LECO or RockEval
Water saturation
As-received retort
or Dean-Stark
Resistivity + kerogen
corrected porosity
Mineralogy
Permeability
Pulse decay on
crushed rock
This is tough
Geomechanics
Static moduli
Geochemistry
Porosity first
How much storage volume is there for free
Saturation next
Can we estimate Sw in shales?
Then Permeability
Is there sufficient permeability to flow gas, or
solid matrix
moveable fluids
non-mov.
fluids
Simplified
Rock
nonmoveable
fluids
porosity
residual
HC
free
water
hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons
residual
HC
water
capillary-bound
OH
clay&
OH-
water
matrix
quartz, feldspar, etc.
water
claybound
Clastic
Components
grains
dry clay
Clastic
Rock
mud, silt
porosity
Grain volume
water
gas, oil
Free water
kerogen
OH
clay &
OH-
porosity
water
quartz, carbonate,
pyrite, etc.
claybound
Organic Shale
Components
mineral matrix
dry clay
Organic
Shale
kerogen
Porosity
gas, oil
experience
Common default value is 1.3 or 1.35 g/c3
b) / 1.378
sh GR)/(1.378 * A)
(1979 eqn)
(1981 eqn)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
Published Schmoker
relation
2
0
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
Deterministic suite
of regression
eqns to compute
mineral volumes
and kerogen-free
grain density
=
b hcT (1 S wT ) + wT S wT + ma (1 T VTOC ) + TOCVTOC
TOC corrected
porosity
m and n
We have no assurance these rocks act like
Archie or shaly sand systems
sometimes less
GR
porosity
Sw
TOC
Two components
Free gas or compression gas
Adsorbed gas
=
GIP C * A h *(1 S w ) / Bg
where C is a units constant, A is area, f is porosity, h is
thickness, Sw is water saturation, & Bg is the formation
volume factor
=
Gc VL * P / ( P + PL )
Where Gc is the adsorbed gas content (scf/ton)
VL is the Langmuir volume (scf/ton)
PL is the Langmuir pressure (psia)
160
140
15.50
120
13.70
100
12.64
80
10.44
60
8.80
8.21
7.25
40
3.55
20
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Pressure (psi)
1200
1400
1600
1800
250
TOC
200
150
100
50
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
Questions??