2014-10-07

Monitoring and Controlling Potassium

and Phosphorous Content of Soil with
Maintained Acidity Level
Presented by:
Acot, Jose Joel Jr. L.
Adante, Renz Paulo D.C.
Loteria, Elmer Joseph D.
Zapanta, Jed Ellison C.

Thesis Adviser/s:
Engr. Mary Ann Latina

IS IT POSSIBILE TO CREATE A SYSTEM

THAT CAN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE
THE YIELD PERFORMANCE OF THE
PHILIPPINE MANGO INDUSTRY?

Our Objectives

YES!!

1. Design a monitoring and control system for

the potassium and phosphorus content of
soil with maintained acidity level.
2. See if the system is working efficiently.

2014-10-07

SIGNIFICANCE
To easily determine significant changes in the
soil.

Scope and Delimitations

The system monitors soil pH, potassium and phosphorus
only.
It does not include other parameters such as:

Execution of proper actions when certain

parameters of soil exceed the ideal levels.
Helps the farmers yield fruits efficiently.

nitrogen
soil moisture
hydrogen
oxygen
carbon
calcium
magnesium
sulfur

INTRODUCING
HOW DO WE MONITOR AND
CONTROL SOIL CONTENT?

2014-10-07

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

WHAT SENSOR DID WE USE?

ACTUAL SETUP

WHY THREE WATER PUMPS?

Pump 1: Low fertility, high acidity
Pump 2: Low fertility, low acidity
Pump 3: High fertility

2014-10-07

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

HOW DOES IT WORK?

PIC
Microcontroller

Relay Circuit

Analog
to Digital
Circuit

Pump 1

Sensor

Soil

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

Pump 3

SYSTEM FLOWCHART

KK and
and P:
P: HIGH
HMMM
LOW
ACIDITY:
LOW
ACIDITY:
M??HIGH

3
2
1

Pump 2

Start

The Controlling System

will Balance the
Parameter Errors

Monitoring System will

Monitor Soil Parameters

Does it deviate from

the ideal range?

Yes

Monitoring System will

Relay to the Controlling
System the Problem

No

End

2014-10-07

VIDEO PRESENTATION

HOW WAS IT MADE?

Start

Design a
Control System
for Pump

RESEARCH FLOW

DESIGN A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR

PUMP

Test if the
Control System
is working

Does it
work?

No

Troubleshoot

Yes

Integr ate Sensors,

Microcontr oller and
Control System

Does it
work?

No

Troubleshoot

Yes

Data Gathering

End

2014-10-07

Start

Design a
Control System
for Pump

RESEARCH FLOW

CONTROL SYSTEM TESTING

Test if the
Control System
is working

Does it
work?

No

Troubleshoot

Yes

Integr ate Sensors,

Microcontr oller and
Control System

Does it
work?

No

Troubleshoot

Yes

Data Gathering

End

Start

CONTROL SYSTEM TESTING

Push Button

Pump 1

Pump 2

Pump 3

PB 1

On

Off

Off

PB 2

Off

On

Off

PB 3

Off

Off

On

Design a
Control System
for Pump

RESEARCH FLOW

Test if the
Control System
is working

Does it
work?

No

Troubleshoot

Yes

PB 1 & PB 2

On

On

Off

PB 1 & PB 3

On

Off

On

PB 2 & PB 3

Off

On

On

PB 1 & PB 2 & PB 3

On

On

On

Integr ate Sensors,

Microcontr oller and
Control System

Does it
work?

No

Troubleshoot

Yes

Data Gathering

End

2014-10-07

INTEGRATION OF SENSORS,
MICROCONTROLLER AND CONTROL
SYSTEM

Analog to Digital Conversion

(K and P)

Integrate Sensors,
Microcontroller and
Control System

Analog to Digital Conversion

(K and P)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Maximum value for too much soil fertility

Middle value for too much soil fertility
Maximum value for ideal soil fertility
Middle value for ideal soil fertility
Maximum value for too little soil fertility
Middle value for too little soil fertility
Minimum value for too little soil fertility

Analog to Digital Conversion

(K and P)
Test
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Finding the Critical Points

Analog Value
Digital Value (mV)
10
5501
8.75
4815
7.5
4131
5
2606
3
1363
1.5
691
0
0

2014-10-07

Analog to Digital Conversion

(K and P)

Analog to Digital Conversion

(K and P)

Arithmetic Sequence Formula:

2 = 1 + 1

Analog to Digital Too Much Fertility Table

Analog Value
Digital Value (mV)
10
5501
9.6875
5329
9.375
5158
9.0625
4986
8.75
4815
8.4375
4644
8.125
4473
7.8125
4301
7.5
4130

Test
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Too Much

Analog to Digital Conversion

(K and P)
Test
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Analog to Digital Table for Acceptable Fertility Values

Analog Value
7.5
7.25
7
6.75
6.5
6.25
6
5.75
5.5
5.25
5
4.8
4.6
4.4
4
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3

IDEAL

Digital Value (mV)

4130
3991
3853
3715
3576
3438
3299
3161
3022
2884
2745
2607
2468
2329
2191
2053
1914
1775
1637
1499

Analog to Digital Conversion

(K and P)
Test

Analog to Digital Too Little Fertility Table

Analog Value
Digital Value (mV)

136

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

2.625
2.25
1.875
1.5
1.125
0.75
0.375
0

120.75
103.5
86.25
69
51.75
34.5
17.25
0

Too Little

2014-10-07

INTEGRATION OF SENSORS,
MICROCONTROLLER AND CONTROL
SYSTEM

Analog to Digital Conversion

(Acidity)
Test
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Soil pH Testing
Analog Value
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Analog to Digital Conversion

(Acidity)

Final Integrated Circuit

Digital Value (mV)

5434
4975
4296
3642
3023
2501
1546
987
522
12

2014-10-07

DETERMINATION OF RECOMMENDED
TIME INTERVAL

DETERMINATION OF RECOMMENDED
TIME INTERVAL
How did we do it?

Behaviour of soil absorption can be observed

with respect to time.

Span of 120 minutes

To determine at what time soil parameters are

normalized.

Every ten (10) minutes we recorded readings

DETERMINATION OF RECOMMENDED
TIME INTERVAL

DETERMINATION OF RECOMMENDED
TIME INTERVAL

10

2014-10-07

Start

Design a
Control System
for Pump

RESEARCH FLOW

1st Condition: Low Fertility High Acidity

Test if the
Control System
is working

Does it
work?

RESULTS

No

Troubleshoot

Yes

Integr ate Sensors,

Microcontr oller and
Control System

Does it
work?

No

Troubleshoot

Yes

Data Gathering

End

RESULTS
2nd Condition: Low Fertility Low Acidity

RESULTS
3rd Condition: High Fertility

11

2014-10-07

EFFICIENCY

EFFICIENCY

To know if the soil near the trees were affected

by the normalization.
A2

B1

Tree 1

Tree 2

A1

B2

Monitoring System

C1

D2
Tree 3

Tree 4

C2

D1

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

12

2014-10-07

RECOMMENDATION

Add other kinds of soil nutrients to be monitored

and controlled
Sensors will automatically remove itself from the
soil after monitoring is done
Automatic refilling system for the fertilizers can
also be implemented
Sleep feature for the system can be added to save
power
Memory feature can be added for data analyzing
purposes and a GUI that displays a graph for it.
Focus on other types of soil and other
plants/trees.

THANK YOU

13