FINAL PROJECT PROPOSAL

1. TOPIC
ADULT

FANTASY

AS

RESULT

OF

BOURGEOIS

CULTURAL

HEGEMONY IN CINDERELLA FAIRY TALE BY CHARLES PERAULT

2. BACKGROUND OF THE TOPIC
As a bed time story, fairy tale is so familiar to children, so does Cinderella.
Almost all children in the world had already known this story. Cinderella is a
fantasy story, which is one of the most ambiguous notions in literary criticism. It
is often especially within the childrens literature, used to denote anything that is
not straight realistic prose.
Fantasy story is so interesting for children and sometimes teenagers as it
serves amazing story which make them as readers or listeners are like in another
world. They have freedom to see the visions with the author, going far away from
the real worlds limit. A fantasy story maker should be expert in assigning himself
as a child, thinking like child, having childs vision, and creating a world where
there is nothing impossible. That another fancy world, fantasy creatures, massive
characterization, heroism and magic are magnet of fantasy story for fans. They
interest in going far away from the real world, admiring the authors fantasy. It
generates readers who mostly children to set their fantasy. They dream as free as
possible to be the character in the story, wondering all the wonderful things served
in.

It is what felt by the fantasy fans, they are all illogic. That is why fantasy fiction is
created to children. But sometimes parents do not notice what notions from the
story were implied to the childrens mind and become their fantasy. As children
have awful imagination, they will not ask whether an event is logic or not, they
only get focused on their fantasy world which is so wonderful.
In Cinderella story, it was clearly seen that she was a very beautiful and
kind-hearted woman. She never did evil things to her stepmother and stepsisters
though they always did evil to her. One day because of her goodness, a fairy
Godmother came and helped with her magical power so that Cinderella could
meet the charming prince and they lived happily ever after.
This plot drives the childrens mind to imagine, creating fantasy. Since
Cinderella is listened enthusiastically by boys and girls, so they have different
point of view in expectation, Fantasy. Girls are dreaming that they must be
beautiful, kind-hearted, get charming prince who is so wealthy for their future.
Besides, the boys have fantasy that they must be handsome and wealthy so that
girls compete to get him and he can just select the best one without takes too long
time to find. This fantasy comes from Bourgeois cultural hegemony in France in
Louis XIV era and commonly other nations in Europe that differ the role of man
and woman at that time.
In this story written by Charles Perault, almost all settings placed in the
Kingdom. They portray the high class as the group who has power to conquer the
colony. The choosing of A pair of Glass Slipper is a symbol that claims the

existence of luxury. This kingdom-centric setting and plot delivers a cultural

hegemony of Bourgeois that are implied.
It is not trivia, as the condition is not appropriate to the real life by now.
Unfortunately, gender bias still exists when the doctrine of Cinderella story
applied by the children, the new generation. It is worrying when this effect is
massively planted on the childrens mind that is not logic yet. Parents role is very
important to guide them to choose and take the positive lessons of the story they
read or they listen to. But the reality is many parents have not opened their eyes
widely, they do not realize about the danger happens to their children after reading
or listening the story. It conveys an important essential which needs to be
analyzed.
3. REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC
The topic had been chosen by the writer based on the explanation above is
intended to analyze the influence of cultural hegemony built by the Bourgeois that
given to the readers who mostly children throughout characterization composed
by the author. The writer chose Cinderella because the story is familiar to
children, they do not read novel at the age and this research is focused on
childrens psychology. The writer wants to explain children and parents not to take
the story for granted, it needs comprehension to accept the values.

4. RESEARCH PROBLEM

In this final project, the writer limits the discussion of the story by focusing on the
following problems:
1. What contribution can fairy tale give toward readers personality and the
effects to the society?
2. How does Cinderella fairy tale influence the children about Bourgeois cultural
hegemony?
3. Why did Bourgeois transmit their cultural hegemony to the new generation
with Cinderella story?
5. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is as follows:
1. To find out what contribution given by Cinderella fairy tale towards
readers personality and the effects to the society.
2. To identify the way Bourgeois set their cultural hegemony into the readers
mind through Cinderella fairy tale which belongs to children.
3. To analyze why Bourgeois transmit their cultural hegemony to the new
generation with Cinderella story.
6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study is as follows:
1) This study is expected to reveal the role of Bourgeois cultural hegemony
in constructing adult fantasy from Cinderella fairy tale.

2) The result of the study is to encourage people to think critically about

values in stories.
3) The study report can be used as reference for those who are interested in
conducting further research in the same topic.
7. REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
a. Review of the Previous Study
After reading Cinderella story, the writer finds an explicit important thing
hidden from the story. It is readers fantasy that comes out from hegemony
attached by the author. According to the study entitled Adult Fantasy as The
Result of Bourgeois Political Hegemony in Cinderella Fairy Tale, here below
some related studies which can support the success indicator for this research.
The research was conducted by Karen E. Dill (OXFORD, 2009). Her research is
How Fantasy Becomes Reality: Seeing Through Media Influence. The focus of
this research is the correlation between media and fantasy which could affect the
society. She explained that reading an authors thoughts means looking out at the
world through that persons eyes for a short time while still using your own head
to filter the authors perspective (2009, 7). Though have different subject, but
these both research have similarity in purpose, theory and object.
Another statement from Lucy Marie Cutchew emphasized this research
that Fantasy, it has been shown, is a genre which invariably comments upon
reality and contemporary issues; this is despite its necessary escape from the

real world through creating an alternative fantasy world (2006, 94). It is

entitled Fantasy, Morality and Ideology: A Comparative Study of C. S. Lewis'
The Chronicles of Narnia And Philip Pullmans His Dark Materials.
Based on the studies above, it can be concluded that analysis on fantasy
and Bourgeois political hegemony is important and it can be in various ways. In
this study, the writer will analyze Cinderella in Charles Peraults version. The
research above will be used as the reference in designing this study.
b. Review of the Theoretical Study
1. Fairy Tale
Fairy tale is a fiction story tells anything about miracle which ends
with happy ending. According to Jack D. Zipes (1994), fairy tales serve a
meaningful social function, not just for compensation but for revelation: the
worlds projected by the best of our fairy tales reveal the gap between truth and
falsehood in our immediate society. Fairy tales remains people about what
problems come to the society so that readers are considered to analyze the
incidents well and solve the problem. Fairy tales teaches children morals or
lessons usually by example. They teach the difference between good and evil, that
life can be very unfair, but one can find happiness regardless. Fairy tales teach us
lessons, and they entertain us with tales of mystical wonder.
What distinguishes the fairy tale is that it speaks to the very heart and soul of the
child. It admits to the child what so many parents and teachers spend hours trying
to cover up or avoid. The fairy tale confirms what the child has been thinking all

along, like that it is a cold, cruel world out there and its waiting to eat him alive
so he begins to reach his fantasy world.
2. Fantasy
Fantasy commonly uses magic and other supernatural phenomena as a
primary plot element, theme, or setting. It is a popular genre, having found a home
for itself, moreover the fantasy stories were filmed and accepted as the interest of
society is high. Todorov stated the fantastic . . . implies an integration of the
reader into the world of the characters; that world is defined by the readers own
ambiguous perception of the events narrated (1975, 31). Mostly, seeing is
believing is being practiced by people. Seeing here does not always mean
visually using eyes right away, but imagination as well. Todorov here tries to
solve this problem by assigning the hesitation to an implied reader.
3. Hegemony
Gramsci used the term hegemony to denote the predominance of one
social class over others (e.g. bourgeois hegemony). This represents not only
political and economic control, but also the ability of the dominant class to project
its own way of seeing the world so that those who are subordinated by it accept it
as 'common sense' and 'natural'. So, it can be underlined that hegemony is the
dominance of one group or class in society. It achieved as other groups gave the
consent. Consent is achieved through the dominant group associating itself with
moral and intellectual leadership in a society. Gramsci greatly expanded this
concept by giving analysis about how the ruling capitalist class (the bourgeoisie)

establishes and maintains its control. He said capitalist maintained control not just
through violence and political and economic coercion, but also through ideology.
The bourgeoisie developed a hegemonic culture, which propagated its own values
and norms so that they became the common sense values of all. It is supported by
Martin Clark (1977, p. 2) who has defined hegemony as ``how the ruling classes
control the media and education. Hegemony is the way the ruling class controls
the institutions that control or influence our thought.
4. Bourgeois
Bourgeois is relating to the middle class of society; having qualities or
values associated with the middle class; too concerned about wealth, possessions,
and

respectable

behavior

(http://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/bourgeois). So, it can be simplified that Bourgeois is

middle class society. This society class comes from wealthy families who live in
the city. Deirdre N. McCloskey in his paper entitled The bourgeois Virtues : ethics
for an age of commerce states Yes, we are bourgeois, we educated folk, not
aristocratic or proletarian. We are businesspeople or bureaucrats, not kings or
peasants. (2006:68)
In Gramscis point of view, bourgeois cultural values were tied to folklore,
popular culture and religion. In the Western world, since the late 18th century, the
bourgeois describes a social class characterized by their ownership of capital, and
their related culture. For the individual, the word "bourgeois" belongs to
masculine and bourgeoise is feminine.

According to Marxist philosophy, the term bourgeoisie denotes the social

class who owns the means of production and whose societal concerns are the
value of property and the preservation of capital, in order to ensure the
perpetuation of their economic supremacy in society.
5. Social Psychoanalysis
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings,
and behaviours are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of
others. By this definition, scientific refers to the empirical method of
investigation. The terms thoughts, feelings, and behaviours include all
psychological variables that are measurable in a human being. Social psychology
is an interdisciplinary domain that bridges the gap between psychology and
sociology.
The discipline of social psychology began in the United States at the dawn of
the 20th century. Karen E. Dill explains that in analyzing the events of the day,
social psychology necessarily enters the picture (2009, 191). So, attitudes,
feelings, and behaviours of society are basic expressions of approval or
disapproval, favourability or unfavourability and likes and dislikes which likely
becomes the agreement of society.
She emphasizes her statement by claimed causes you to think that if others
care so much about it, maybe you should care about it too (2009, 193). Reflected
to Cinderella story, it causes readers to think that what is done by the characters is
worth to be believed or supported. Readers are persuaded to agree with those
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thoughts and feeling in the story, then they commit that the fantasy of the story is
true and can be applied in the real life.
Social psychologists have long documented a basic tendency people have to
divide the world into us versus them - called the ingroup and outgroup,
respectively - and the consequences of those divisions (199). Studies show that
even when people randomly assign themselves to two groups, they will like the
members of their own random group more and they will give them more resources
when they have the opportunity. Social influence is an overarching term given to
describe the persuasive effects people have on each other.
The three main areas of social influence include: conformity, compliance, and
obedience. Social influence is also closely related to the study of group dynamics,
as most principles of influence are strongest when they take place in social
groups. Social psychologists study interactions within groups, and between both
groups and individuals. The goal of social psychology is to understand cognition
and behaviour as they naturally occur in a social context, but the very act of
observing people can influence and alter their behaviour.
8. RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
Method is a way of doing something. Method is needed to obtain data in
research for it will be used in achieving a certain purpose of the study. Since the
writer took the qualitative study, in this section, the writer would like to discuss
the object of the study role of the researcher, technique of data collection and
technique of data analysis. Miles and Huberman (1994) defined qualitative
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research as analysis which involved of the data such as words (e.g. from
document), pictures (e.g. from video). The qualitative analysis is used to identify
the techniques used by the translator. Moleong (200: 157) states that the types of
data in qualitatie research include words and action, writen data, photos, and
statistics. Qualitative analysis is generally process of selecting, categorizing,
comparing, synthesizing, and interpreting the provided explanation of the single
phenomenon of interest.
In this research, qualitative analysis is used to analyze the adult fantasy influenced
by Bourgeois cultural hegemony transmitted in Charles Peraults version
Cinderella.
a. Subject of the Study
The data will be taken from Cinderella fairy tale by Charles Perault as the subject
of this study.
b. Role of the Researcher
In this study, the writer takes role as data observer, the data collector, the
data analyst, and the data reporter. The writer will observe and collect the data
needed and then analyze the adult fantasy influenced by Bourgeois cultural
hegemony transmitted in Charles Peraults version Cinderella. As the data
observer, the writer will read Cinderella fairy tale by Chales Perault. As a data
collector, the writer collects the data from the subject of the study in the form of
words, phrases, and sentences of the story. All of the found data will be organized
in the table to make it easier to be analyzed.

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As data analyst, the writer will analyze the data using some supporting
theories. Finally as a data reporter, the writer will report the result of the analysis
by providing detail explanation.
c. Type of Data
The data will be in the form of words, clauses and sentences of the stories in fairy
tale Cinderella by Charles Perault.
d. Procedures of Data Collection
In collecting the data, the writer uses documentation technique. Documentation is
the technique in getting the data about cases at note, transcription, book, novel,
magazine, and newspaper (Arikunto, 1998:149). In analyze the correlated data,
the writer will follow some steps, they are:
1. Identifying the data
In this study, identifying is the activity of separating between data and non-data.
After reading the novel carefully, the writer identifies the data. The writer also
categorizes the data related to the sociology approach by quoting the sentences
2. Classifying
The writer classifies the data by grouping the identified quotations into collecting
of sentence which could support the statement of problem.
3. Selecting the data
In selecting the data, the writer used relevancy technique. It means that only
appropriate data are selected to answer the problems.
4. Interpreting the data
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It refers to giving the interpretation of the quotations that have been selected. The
important of these data is based on social psychoanalysis theories in order to show
or clarify the meaning of the quotations.
e. Procedures of Data Analysis
After defining the sample to be observed, the writer analyzes the data deeply.
First, the writer read the story enthusiastically. The second, the writer analyzes the
strong characterization in the plot to determine the subject and object of
Bourgeois cultural hegemony. Then the writer collects symbols which have
correlation with Bourgeois culture. After that the writer analyzes which notion of
the text that influences readers to imagine their fantasy.
9. OUTLINE OF THE RESEARCH REPORT
Title
Statement of Originality
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Table of Contents
Table of Figures
Table of Appendixes
Chapter
1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic

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1.3 Research Questions

1.4 Purposes of the Study
1.5 Significance
1.6 Outline of the Report
2. Review of Related Literature
2.1 Previous Studies
2.2 Theoretical Review
2.3 Framework of the Present Study
3. Methods of Investigation
3.1 Object of the Study
3.2 Roles of the Researcher
3.3 Type of Data
3.4 Instrument for Data Collection
3.5 Procedures of Data Collection
3.6 Procedures of Data Analysis
3.7 Procedures of Reporting the Results
4. Results of the Study
4.1 General Description
4.2 Detail Results
4.3 Discussion
5. Conclusions
Bibliography
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Brown, Trent. 2009. Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal. 11/13.

[Online]. http://links.org.au/node/1260. [Accessed 15/7/2014]
Cutchew, Lucy Marie. 2006. Fantasy, Morality and Ideology: A Comparative
Study of C. S. Lewis' The Chronicles of Narnia And Philip Pullmans
His Dark Materials. Birmingham: The University of Birmingham Press.
Dill, Karen E. 2009. How Fantasy Becomes Reality: Seeing Through Media
Influence. London: Oxford University Press.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bourgeois
Lazuardini, I.M. 2013. Zoon Politicon Syndrome In Modern Society
As Represented In Akeelah and The Bee. Final Project of
English Department of Semarang State University.
McCloskey, Deirdre N. 2006. The bourgeois Virtues: ethics for an age of
commerce. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Todorov, Tzvetan. 1975. The Fantastic: A structural Approach to A Literally
Genre. Translation by Richard Howard. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Zipes, Jack D. 1994. Fairy Tale as Myth, Myth as Fairy Tale. Kentucky. Kentucky
University Press.

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