Define Internet:

Internet is a vast computer network linking smaller computer networksworldwide (usually

preceded by the). The Internet includescommercial, educational, governmental, and other
networks, all ofwhich use the same set of communications protocols.
A means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world via dedicated
routers and servers.
When two computers are connected over the Internet, they can send and receive all kinds of
information such as text, graphics, voice, video, and computer programs.
The Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are
linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. According to Internet World Stats, as of
December 31, 2011 there was an estimated 2,267,233,742 Internet users worldwide. The number
of Internet users represents 32.7 percent of the world's population.

A Brief History of Internet:

The Internet was made possible by the development of the telephone and the personal computer.
The first ideas for the Internet were developed by engineers and computer scientists. They
suggested ways in which they could communicate with each other using their computers.

In the mid-1960s the US Department of Defense provided funding to four US Universities to

establish a computer network to allow them to exchange research data. This network was
expanded and links were made with other countries.
After email was invented, the network became ideal for passing messages to each other and this
became the most common use of the Internet.
In the early 1990s the Internet was opened up for use by businesses and the general public.
The idea of the World Wide Web was developed as a research project at the European Centre for
research into particle physics (CERN) in 1991. The Web soon became very popular in business,
government, education and the home.
History Found in WIKI PEDIA:
The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.
Initial concepts of packet networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the
United States, Great Britain, and France. The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as
early as

the

1960s

for

packet

network

systems,

including

the

development

of

the ARPANET (which would become the first network to use the Internet Protocol.) The first
message was sent over the ARPANET from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's
laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles(UCLA) to the second network node
at Stanford Research Institute (SRI).
Packet switching networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit
Network, Tymnet, andTelenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety
of communications protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols
for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks could be joined into a network of
networks.

Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF)
funded the Computer Science Network (CSNET). In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP)
was introduced as the standard networking protocol on the ARPANET. In the early 1980s the
NSF funded the establishment for national supercomputing centers at several universities, and
provided interconnectivity in 1986 with the NSFNET project, which also created network access
to the supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations.
Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s. The ARPANET
was decommissioned in 1990. Private connections to the Internet by commercial entities became
widespread quickly, and the NSFNET was decommissioned in 1995, removing the last
restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.
Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture and commerce,
including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, voice
over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone calls, two-way interactive video calls, and the World
Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shoppingsites. The
research and education community continues to develop and use advanced networks such as
NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS), Internet2, and National LambdaRail.
Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks
operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more. The Internet's takeover of the global communication
landscape was almost instant in historical terms: it only communicated 1% of the information
flowing through two-way telecommunications networks in the year 1993, already 51% by 2000,
and more than 97% of the telecommunicated information by 2007.[1] Today the Internet continues
to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information, commerce, entertainment,
and social networking.

How the Internet Functions:

The Internet is a network of networksmillions of them, actually. If the network at your university,
your employer, or in your home has Internet access, it connects to an Internet service provider (ISP).
Many (but not all) ISPs are big telecommunications companies like Verizon, Comcast, and AT&T.
These providers connect to one another, exchanging traffic, and ensuring your messages can get to
any other computer thats online and willing to communicate with you.
The Internet has no center and no one owns it. Thats a good thing. The Internet was designed to be
redundant and fault-tolerantmeaning that if one network, connecting wire, or server stops
working, everything else should keep on running. Rising from military research and work at
educational institutions dating as far back as the 1960s, the Internet really took off in the 1990s,
when graphical Web browsing was invented, and much of the Internets operating infrastructure was
transitioned to be supported by private firms rather than government grants.

Figure 12.1

The Internet is a network of networks, and these networks are connected together. In the
diagram above, the state.edu campus network is connected to other networks of the Internet
via two ISPs: Cogent and Verizon.
Enough historylets see how it all works! If you want to communicate with another computer on
the Internet then your computer needs to know the answer to three questions: What are you looking
for? Where is it? And how do we get there? The computers and software that make up Internet
infrastructure can help provide the answers. Lets look at how it all comes together.

The URL: What Are You Looking For?

When you type an address into a Web browser (sometimes called a URL for uniform
resource locator), youre telling your browser what youre looking for.
Internet Work through two Paths:

Request Path: Once you typing the URL that is you are requesting for
a web sites.

Return Path: On behalf of request Internet will give you feed back
and send you your requested sites on your device.

Many people can Visit at once:

It has such capability that at a time a lot of people can get information at a time.
Service is providing by the ISP:
As user you can get internet connection through your Local ISP and it will enable you to
go World Wide Web.
Internet Works Independently:
It is designed in such a way that no specific company like Google or Facebook or some other site
can control each other.
Internet Helps Every Users to connect with each other:
Using different protocol and sites like google, facebook, yahoo one can connect with many other
people Via internet. .

Internet Intranet Extranet:

Intranet is shared content accessed by members within a single organization.

Extranet is shared content accessed by groups through cross-enterprise boundaries.

Internet is global communication accessed through the Web.

For better comprehension, take a look at this drawing:

Summary:
The Internet, extranets, and intranets all rely on the same TCP/IP technologies. However, they
are different in terms of the levels of access they allow to various users inside and outside the
organization and the size of the network. An intranet allows for restricted access to only
members of an organization; an extranet expands that access by allowing non-members such as
suppliers and customers to use company resources. The difference between the Internet and
extranets is that while the extranet allows limited access to non-members of an organization, the
Internet generally allows everyone to access all network resources.

Optional
Internet, Intranet ,and Extranet
There's one major distinction between an intranet and the Internet: The Internet is an open, public
space, while an intranet is designed to be a private space. An intranet may be accessible from the
Internet, but as a rule it's protected by a password and accessible only to employees or other
authorized users.
From within a company, an intranet server may respond much more quickly than a typical Web
site. This is because the public Internet is at the mercy of traffic spikes, server breakdowns and
other problems that may slow the network. Within a company, however, users have much more
bandwidth and network hardware may be more reliable. This makes it easier to serve high
bandwidth content, such as audio and video, over an intranet.
(unless you work for the United States Marine Corps. Then you don't get to watch video's. And
they Block 80% of any kind of "fun" or entertaining website available on the Internet)
The Extranet is a portion of an organization's Intranet that is made accessible to authorized
outside users without full access to an entire organization's intranet.

Define HTML:

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the set of markup symbols or codes inserted in a file
intended for display on a World Wide Web browser page.
Stands for "Hyper-Text Markup Language." This is the language that Web pages are written in.
Also known as hypertext documents, Web pages must conform to the rules of HTML in order to
be displayed correctly in a Web browser. The HTML syntax is based on a list of tags that
describe the page's format and what is displayed on the Web page.

Fortunately, the HTML language is relatively easy to learn. Even more fortunately (so much for
good grammar), many Web development programs allow you to create Web pages using a
graphical interface. These programs allow you to place objects and text on the page and the
HTML code is written for you.
Short for HyperText Markup Language, the authoring languageused to create documents on
the World Wide Web. HTML is similar to SGML, although it is not a strict subset.
HTML defines the structure and layout of a Web document by using a variety
of tags and attributes.

The

with <HTML><HEAD>(enter

correct
here

structure
what

for

document

an
is

HTML

document

about)<BODY> and

starts
ends

with </BODY></HTML>. All the information you'd like to include in your Web page fits in
between the <BODY> and </BODY> tags.