Describe the clavicle

A long bone
(consist of spongy/trabecular bone with a shell of compact
bone, but doesnt have a medullary/marrow cavity)
Shape of an elongated S
Has a medial end (sternal end) and a lateral (acromial end) end
Medial end is bulbous
Articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the
sternoclavicular joint
Its a synovial joint
Articular facet is covered with fibrocartilage instead of hyaline
cartilage (therefore it is an atypical synovial joint)
Articular facet extends to the under surface for articulation with
the first costal cartilage
The capsule and synovial membrane are attached around the
margin of the articular surface
The upper surface receives the
alongside the capsule attachment

interclavicular

ligament

Acromial end is flat

Articulates with the acromion of the scapular spine at the
acromioclavicular joint
Its a synovial joint
Articular facet faces laterally and slightly downwards
Articular facet is covered with fibrocartilage instead of hyaline
cartilage (therefore it is an atypical synovial joint)
Shaft of the clavicle
Medial 2/3rd is convex anteriorly and rounded

Lateral 1/3rd is concave anteriorly and flat

The superior surface is smooth
Lies just under the skin and platysma muscle
Clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid is attached to the
superior surface of the medial 1/3rd of the clavicle
The inferior surface is rough
In the inferior surface:
1. Lateral to the sternal end there is a rough, depressed oval
area that gives attachment to the costoclavicular ligament
(Costoclavicular ligament binds the 1st rib to the clavicle)
2. The subclavian groove in the middle third of the clavicle
There is a nutrient foramen that extends laterally in the
subclavian groove
3. Clavipectoral fascia is attached to the margins of the
subclavian groove
Coracoclavicular ligament is attached to the inferior
surface of the clavicle in the lateral third
The medial part of the ligament is the conoid ligament
The lateral part of the ligament is the trapezoid ligament
4. Conoid tubercle marks the attachment of the conoid
ligament at the junction of the lateral fourth and the rest of
the shaft
5. Lateral part of the coracoclavicular ligament attaches to
the rough trapezoid ridge; for that from the conoid tubercle
upto the lateral articular facet, the trapezoid ridge extends
obliquely
The anterior surface:

1. Pectoralis major is attaches to the medial half

2. Anterior part of the deltoid is attached to the lateral third
Descending fibres of the trapezius attaches to the posterior
surface of the lateral 1/3rd of the clavicle
Two layers of cervical fascia surrounding sternocleidomastoid
and trapezius are attached separately to the bone between
these muscles, at the base of the posterior triangle of the neck

Describe the scapula

A triangular flat bone
In the posterolateral aspect of the thorax
Overlies 2nd to 7th ribs
Has a costal surface which is concave
Three or four ridges converge from the medial border to the
lateral angle
Subscapularis muscle is attached to the medial 2/3 rd of this
surface
Lateral 1/3rd is bare, and is separated from overlying muscle by
the subscapularis bursa
The converging ridges gives rise
multipennate fibres of subscapularis

to

fibrous

septa

of

The medial margin of the costal surface receives insertion of

serratus anterior muscle;

Digitations 1 & 2
the spine

from the superior angle to the base of

Digitations 3 & 4
inferior angle

from the base of the spine to the

Digitations 5, 6, 7 & 8
inferior angle

roughened area of the

Has a dorsal surface which is convex

It is unevenly divided to small supraspinous fossa and a large
infraspinous fossa by a backwardly projecting ridge of bone,
spine of the scapula
The thick spine projects back from a horizontal attachment on
the dorsal surface
Posterior border of the spine slopes upwards towards the
acromion because it is twisted a little
Free lateral border is concave outwards