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Project Mausam and Maritime Silk Route

KISAN VIKAS PATRA

India has faced slowdown of
economy our last few years. One of
the effects of declining growth in
economy is reduction in the savings
rate. Savings rate has declined from
peak of 38 percent to around 30
percent. Falling savings rate has long
term and short term impact on the
growth of the economy. When
people reduce savings in financial
assets they switch to gold and other
non-financial assets. Saving in gold
and other non-financial sectors like
real state lead to the problem of Black
money, Current account deficit etc.
Government has devised various
schemes to save in financial assets.
Each of the available saving option
has different features in terms of
eligibility to invest, rate of interest,
maturity period, lock-in-period, tax
treatment, pledging facility,
minimum and maximum ceilings etc.
One of those options is Kisan Vikas
patra.
Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) a
certificate savings scheme was
launched by the Government on 1st
April, 1988. The scheme provided
facility of unlimited investment by
way of purchase of certificates from
post
offices
in
various
denominations. The maturity period
of the scheme when launched was
5 years and the money invested
doubled on maturity. The scheme
was very popular among the
investors and the percentage share
of gross collections secured in KVP
was in the range of 9 % to 29 %
against the total collections received
under all National Savings Schemes
in the country. Scheme was
reasonably popular amongst all
2

sections of population. But

committee setup under Smt. Shyamal
gopinath to look into the functioning
of scheme observedThe continued popularity of
both KVP and National Savings
Certificate (NSC) among the urban
population who are not all small savers
could be prompted by an incentive
to avoid tax. As compared to NSC,
KVP is more popular as it is a bearerlike certificate due to its ease of
transfer. It also has an in built liquidity
due to the regulated premature
closure facility offered in the scheme.
The absence of Tax deduction at
Source (TDS) and ceiling on
investment, tax benefits on NSC and
higher than market rate of return have
posed considerable fiscal costs to the
Government. The deposits under
both KVP and NSC can be pledged
as a security with financial
intermediaries, including banks. The
Rakesh Mohan Committee had
recommended that both these
instruments are quite expensive in
terms of the effective cost to the
Government and felt that these
instruments should be discontinued
to ensure an equitable and
harmonious tax treatment across the
full spectrum of medium term savings
schemes. The Committee endorses
this recommendation
This lead to discontinuation of
the KVP scheme in 2011 but
government has relaunched the
scheme again in 2014 in order to
improve the savings and reduce
investment in gold and other nonfinancial assets.
Main features of relaunched
KISAN VIKAS PATRA scheme are:

The re-launched Kisan Vikas

Patra (KVP) will be available to
the investors in the
denomination of Rs. 1000,
5000, 10,000 and 50,000, with
no upper ceiling on
investment.
The certificates can be issued
in single or joint names and can
be transferred from one
person to any other person /
persons, multiple times. The
facility of transfer from one
post office to another
anywhere in India and of
nomination will be available.
The investment made in the
certificate will double in 100
months.
Kisan Vikas Patras have unique
liquidity feature, where an
investor can, if he so desires,
encash his certificates after the
lock-in period of 2 years and 6
months and thereafter in any
block of six months on predetermined maturity value.
The certificate can also be
pledged as security to avail
loans from the banks and in
other case where security is
required to be deposited.
Initially the certificates will be
sold through post offices, but
the same will soon be made
available to the investing
public through designated
branches of nationalised
banks.
Reintroduction of Kisan Vikas
Patra (KVP) is a welcome step
not only in the direction of
providing safe and secure
investment avenues to the

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Project Mausam and Maritime Silk Route

small investors but will also
help in augmenting the savings
rate in the country. The scheme
will also safeguard small
investors from fraudulent
schemes. KVP will help in
mobilizing small investments
from poor population of the
country who otherwise invest
in bogus ponzi schemes or chit
funds. Post office being a

universally present in the

country makes the distribution
and availability of Kisan vikas
patra very easy for citizens.
Kisan vikas patra can also be
used as collateral as they are
easily transferable. This helps
in saving people from the high
rates of interest which
moneylenders take. As any
investment would have its

advantages as well as
disadvantages, similarly KVP
also has some disadvantages
like some banks provide more
interest rate in fixed deposit
than KVP and also investment
in KVP is taxable. But looking
into overall picture KVP
scheme has more benefits then
problems.

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Project Mausam and Maritime Silk Route

LABOUR REFORMS
There are various labour laws for
regulating employment and
conditions of service of workers.
These laws also provide for
maintaining registers and furnishing
returns to the concerned
enforcement authorities. The labour
laws of independent India derive
their origin, inspiration and strength
partly from the views expressed by
important nationalist leaders during
the days of national freedom struggle,
partly from the debates of the
Constituent Assembly and partly from
the provisions of the Constitution and
the International Conventions and
Recommendations. The relevance of
the dignity of human labour and the
need for protecting and safeguarding
the interest of labour as human beings
has been enshrined in Chapter-III
(Articles 16, 19, 23 & 24) and Chapter
IV (Articles 39, 41, 42, 43, 43A & 54)
of the Constitution of India keeping
in line with Fundamental Rights and
Directive Principles of State Policy.
But according to some analysts
labour laws has become a hinderace
in the growth of industries in the
country. Under the Constitution of
India, Labour is a subject in the
concurrent list where both the Central
and State Governments are
competent to enact legislations.
There are 45 different national- and
state-level labour legislation in India.
Important among those are The Industrial Disputes Act,
1947.
The Child Labour (Prohibition
and Regulation) Act, 1986.
The Factories Act, 1948
The Trade Unions Act, 1926
4

The Apprentices Act, 1961

Labour laws in India are very
rigid and number of laws increase
with the size of industry. Industries in
India have demanded labour reforms
since a long time. Industry wants
flexibility in relation to hiring and
firing of employees. Industrys wants
to have laws which make it easy to
close down and introduce the
technological advancements without
the intervention of the government.
Archaic and old inspection system
has also been a bone of contention
for the industries, they claim
inspection system gives too much
power in the hands of inspectors. But
workers claim that these laws protect
the genuine interests of the workers.
In order to look into the matter
Standing Committee on Labour laws
under the Hemanand Biswal was
setup which has submitted its report
in
2011.
Based
on
the
recommendation
given
by
committee and opinions from various
quarters Rajya sabha has passed a bill
to simplify labour law procedures. Bill
is named as the Labour Laws
(Exemption from Furnishing Returns
and Maintaining Registers by Certain
Establishments) Amendment Bill,
2011.
Important features of the act are Bill redefines the small
establishment whichwill
include a unit employing
between 10-40 people.
The Bill increases the number
of laws under which units and
small establishments will be
exempt from maintaining
registers and filings returns.

The seven Acts that are added

to the list includes; Motor
Transport Workers Act, 1961;
Payment of Bonus Act, 1965;
Inter-State Migrant Workmen
(Regulation of Employment
and Conditions of Service)Act,
1979; Building and Other
Construction
Workers
(Regulation of Employment
and Conditions of Service)
Act, 1996; Beedi and Cigar
Workers (Conditions of
Employment) Act, 1966; Dock
Workers (Safety, Health and
Welfare) Act, 1986; Child
Labour (Prohibition and
Regulation) Act, 1986.
The Bill also adds that the
employer may maintain the
returns filed and the registers
on a computer, computer disk
or other electronic media.
Apart from central governments
initiative various state governments
has already made changes to the
labour laws in order to make it more
flexible to the industries. The
Rajasthan government cleared
amendments to three critical and
archaic Central government labour
legislations the Industrial Disputes
Act, Contract Labour Act and the
Factories Act.
According to the changes in
the Industrial Disputes Act,
there is no need for
government permission for
retrenching up to 300 workers
now it allows only up to 100
workers.
The Rajasthan Cabinet has also
increased the percentage of

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Project Mausam and Maritime Silk Route

workers
needed
for
registration as a representative
union from 15 per cent to 30
per cent.
Because of the rigid and
complex labor laws, it becomes
extremely difficult to hire and fire. So
Indian industries are becoming
capital intensive rather than labour
intensive which leads to less job
creation. And hiring is also on

contractual basis which makes it easy

to fire. Which in turn leads to more
labour in informal sector and they
dont receive social security benefits,
pension, insurance etc. labour
reforms becomes a necessity for
industries as well as workers. Proper
labour laws make it easy for industries
to hire and fire, which in turn increase
their employability. Employability in

turn increase the number of jobs

created and it overall increases the
employment level of the country.
There are also rigid laws related to
apprentice in country which creates
a problem for college graduates to
get the necessary work experience
and industries in turn does not get a
young workers.

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Project Mausam and Maritime Silk Route

TRADE FACILITATION AGREEMENT

The World Trade Organization
(WTO) is the only global international
organization which deals with the
rules of trade between nations. The
organization officially commenced
on 1 January 1995 under the
Marrakech Agreement, signed by 123
nations on 1994, replacing the
General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT). The goal of WTO is to
help producers of goods and
services, exporters, and importers
conduct their business.
Bali conference has broadly
came out with these outcomesTrade
Facilitation
agreement- Agreement will
attempt to reduce red-tape and
streamline customs. It will help in
faster clearance of goods which are
perishable in nature. It will be legally
binding agreement and also have
coordinating bodies at national and
international level. This agreement
needs a upgradtion of technology to
reduce the redtape. Least Developed
Countries will receive the support to
build the capacities to implement the
changes.
Development and LDC
issues- Least developed countries
(LDCs) and developing countries
would be given preferential
treatment and market access. LeastDeveloped Countries will be given
Duty-Free and Quota-Free (DFQF)
Market Access. Operationalization of
the Waiver Concerning Preferential
Treatment to Services and Service
Suppliers of Least-Developed
Countries - allows preferential
treatment to be given to LDCs for 15
years from date of agreement
adoption.
Agriculture- Covers food
security in developing countries
6

which includes public Stockholding

for Food Security Purposes, Export
Competition etc.
Agriculture issue has become a
problem area for the negotiations
between the developed countries
and India. As per the original
Agreement on agriculture (AoA),
agriculture subsidies were divided
into three categories1. Green Box Subsidy
2. Amber box Subsidy
3. Blue box Subsidy
Out of all three only Amber box
subsidies are considered as subsidy
which disrupts the trade balance.
Subsidy on fertilizers, power etc.
comes under this kind of subsidy. It
was agreed in original Agreement-onAgriculture that the developed and
developing countries will have to
keep their Amber box subsidies
within 5% and 10% of their agriculture
production in 1986-88 respectively.
India has strongly opposed to this
clause because subsidies are
calculated on the basis of prices of
1987-88. Input costs have
skyrocketed in these decades. But,
De-minimus doesnt consider inflation
factor. As a temporary relief to Indias
demand a peace clause was
agreed in Bali summit. Therefore, as a
measure of temporary relief, Bali
summit enacted a peace clause for
the AoA. Peace clause has certain
provisions which provide temporary
relief to India. According to this
clause no member, can drag any
developing country to Dispute
settlement mechanism of WTO for
violation of De-minimus limits in AoA.
But developing countries should also
fulfill some criteria like1. Subsidy is provided only for
staple food crops .

2. Subsidy is used program which

is related to public
stockholding.
3. And also for the purpose of any
program related to food
security.
But peace clause provides
only temporary solution till 2017 and
developed countries might not
accept this clause as permanent
solution.
In this context India refused to
accept the Bali package until a
permanent solution for agriculture
subsidy is provided. Indian
government has a legally binding food
security act, 2013. Under this act
Indian government has to provide
subsidies food for around 82 crore
population. Right to food is one of
the fundamental human rights even
united nation charter for human rights
accepts this right. Millennium
development goals which talks about
nutrition and reduction in mortality
can never be fulfilled if food security
is not provided to poor population of
the country. And also subsidy given
by developed countries are much
higher than that of developing
countries e. g. India provide 12
billion dollars subsidy for 500 million
farmers and US provide 120 billion
dollars to 2 million farmers. The G33,
a group of developing countries that
coordinate on trade and economic
issues also supported Indias stand.
At the end India has been able to
convince that it contentions are valid.
India and the US settled the dispute
that had paralyzed the WTO, and
given the way to reforms that are seen
adding about $ 1 trillion to global
trade.

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Project Mausam and Maritime Silk Route

PROJECT MAUSAM AND MARITIME SILK ROUTE

Project Mausam is a Ministry of

culture initiative with Indira Gandhi
National centre for the Arts(IGNCA)
as the nodal coordinating agency.
Mausam in literal sense refers to a
season where it becomes safer to sail
in the sea. Indian ocean has seasonal
wind pattern which follows a
particular direction in between May
and September and different
direction between October and
April. The project is considered the
new governments most significant
foreign policy initiative designed to
counter China. It is inspired by Indias
historical role as the focal point for
trade in the Indian Ocean. In
premodern
Times sailors used seasonal
winds to sail across the sea. This trip
usually involved starting from one of
the edges of the ocean and then
sailing to India, stopping in India and
allowing the crew to wait for seasonal
wind to reverse its direction and
finally start the sail back to original
place.
The endeavor of project
mausam is to project itself at two
levels: at the macro level, it aims to
reconnect
and
reestablish
communications between countries
of the Indian Ocean world, which
would lead to an enhanced
understanding of cultural values and
concerns~ while at the micro level,
the focus is on understanding
national cultures in their regional
maritime milieu. The central theme of
project Mausam is those routes which
linked the different parts of Indian
Ocean. These routes will help in

developing a shared knowledge

systems and knowledge which will
spread along these routes will impact
coastal centers.
Project Mausam is an project
which has benefits in multiple
dimensions for the member states, it
also restarts the lost ties and routes
between Indian ocean states. This
project will help in forgeing new
avenues of cooperation and
exchange of knowledge. The
project, launched by India in
partnership with member states, will
enable a significant step in recording
and celebrating this important phase
of world history from the African,
Arab and Asianworld perspectives.
The project purpose is to develop the
Indian Ocean world which will
expand between East Africa, the
Arabian Peninsula, the Indian
subcontinent and Sri Lanka to the
Southeast Asian archipelago. By
some it is considered as most
important step taken by New
government in foreign policy sphere.
Work for project has already been
started by India organizing a national
conference on Indian Ocean Region:
Cultural Landscapes and Maritime
Trade Routes of India, in connection
with Project Mausam. This project is
Indias initiative in face of Chinas
maritime silk route development.
Maritime Silk Route Project
Maritime silk route project is
Chinas plan to develop maritime
infrastructure in the boarders of Indopacific region. It was first proposed

by President Xi Jinpings during his

trip to Southeast Asia in October
2013. China has asked India to join
the project but till now India has not
given any answer for joining the
project. The Maritime Silk Route
started as an ASEAN-centered
project in order to improve chinas
influence in that region. But later
China expanded the scope of the
project to include the Indian Ocean.
China is projecting this project as only
a commercial venture and which will
help in developing the maritime
infrastructure and also the economic
development of member states. But
Chinas image of dominating nation
and lack of details provided for
project makes it difficult for countries
to join the project. Chinas
controversy with Vietnam regarding
the exploration in the region which
Vietnam claims to be in its Exclusive
Economic Zone and Chinese patrol
near japan islands makes it difficult
for the host countries of the region to
accept that maritime silk route project
is only a commercial activity and not
a project to increase the domination
of China in the region. Asean region
has another problem related to issues
of sovereignty over the islands and
region. There are various areas where
issues of sovereignty has still far from
settled, this makes the success of the
project all the more difficult. But on
the flip side host nations would not
want to be left out of this potentially
highly beneficial commercial
adventure. This maritime project
coupled with new silk route project
of china, which attempts to connect

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Project Mausam and Maritime Silk Route

the land scape from china to central
Asia, can be highly beneficial for the
region, so host nations may join it even
at the cost of potential problems.
China in order to show its seriousness
for the project has already
announced a 10 billion Yuan ($1.6
billion) fund for the maritime silk
road plan. This would include port
infrastructure development this will
help the nations of south Asian and

Indian ocean region in a large scale.

This financial benefit might come at
the cost of long term strategic
independence.
Both of these projects are good
initiatives for the development of the
Indian ocean region countries and
both can bring lot of development to
the nations of the region which are
suffering from the similar social
problems. In deciding which of the

two project to join, it will come down

to which country (India or China) is
more serious about the project; which
is offering better financial benefits,
and also the image of the nation. As
India provides a better democratic
opportunity, it will come down to
whether Indian project Mausam can
provide the financial benefits which
are relevant as compared to the
Maritime silk route project.

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Project Mausam and Maritime Silk Route

UNIVERSAL HEALTH ASSURANCE MISSION

India face problems related to
Infant mortality and Maternal
mortality at a large scale. India also
receives highest number of deaths in
many acute diseases. There are various
reasons for these problems but most
important among them is that in India
expenditure on health in very less
percentage of the GDP. While in USA
it is close to 14 percent in India it is
close to five percent. Among this
percentage government spending of
health is close to one percentage
only. This puts an added burden on
the public to spent from their pocket.
And in a country where large section
of population is poor this burden is
unsustainable. In last few decades
economic growth of India has been
very good but resultant public
spending on the health sector has not
improved much. The growth of
Indias economy now permits this
long overdue increase in public
financing of health. Good health has
implications for development of
countryas well this has been
recognized by government in recent
initiatives like National Rural Health
Mission (NRHM), the Rashtriya
Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) and a
multitude of state sponsored health
insurance schemes.
The social objectives of all of
these schemes would need to be
merged and their scope considerably
expanded to create a valued and
viable model of UHC in India. With
this objective in mind The
Government is considering to roll out
a National Health Assurance Mission

to reduce the hard earned money of

poor population in India. A Group has
been constituted for preparing a
comprehensive background paper
for this purpose.
Every human body is a
stakeholder in the health sector of
India. That is why every individual
must be motivated to a lead healthy
life and thereby keep the burden on
the public health infrastructure to the
minimum. Thankfully, we are a young
nation. With 65 percent of the
population under the age of 35, it
should not be too difficult to make
optimal use of every available Rupee.
Public Health is in state list, which
makes it a state subject, the Central
Government can only provide a
supplementing role to the efforts of
the States/UTs. Under the National
Rural Health Mission (NRHM) central
government provide accessible,
affordable and quality healthcare to
the rural population. National Health
Mission (NHM) was approved the
central government which subsumes
the National Urban Health Mission
(NUHM) and the National Rural
Health mission objective of national
health mission are also the same to
provide universal access to equitable,
affordable and quality health care
services to all the population.
Now
government
has
announced that it will bring Universal
health assurance mission under which
Universal health insurance mission
would also be covered. An expert
group under Dr. Ranjit Roy is formed
to prepare a roadmap for Universal

health assurance mission.

Projected Highlights of UHAM
Fifty essential drugs (in generic
form) with a package of diagnostics
and about 30 Ayush drugs will be
made available to all citizens at
government hospitals and health
centres across the country
A solid package of preventive
and positive health information will
be made available to all citizens
The Universal Health Insurance
component in UHAM is poised to
become the worlds largest public
health insurance programme which
would be free for those below the
poverty line and low-premium for the
rest of the population.
At present health insurance
touches about 25 percent of the
population. Government will spread
the population of the insured rapidly,
resulting in sharp fall in premium rates
and many consumer benefits.
An autonomous oversight body,
UHAM Agency, will be formed to
ensure above-board operations and
genuine protection of the insured
Government also announced to
achieve the objective of mass
awareness Ministry should mobilise
mass opinion and movements on
special days of the year. Partners for
this will be drawn from among NGOs,
faith-based
organisations,
educational institutions, medical
professionals of the government and
private sectors, clubs and related
social forums. Such pointed
campaigns will be instrumental in

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Universal Health Assurance Mission

forging
public-private
and
government-citizen coalitions for
promotive and preventive health.
As given in report by planning
commission on Universal health
coverage that UHC is ensuring
equitable access for all Indian
citizens, resident in any part of the
country, regardless of income level,
social status, gender, caste or religion,
to affordable, accountable,
appropriate health services of assured
quality (promotive, preventive,
curative and rehabilitative) as well as

10

public health services addressing the

wider determinants of health
delivered to individuals and
populations, with the government
being the guarantor and enabler,,
although not necessarily the only
provider, of health and related
services.
Universal health cover is a
necessary component of nations
development. No nation can claim to
be developed unless its citizens are
healthy. Universal health coverage is
necessary for a country of Indias size

in order to ensure that use health

care. Insure a Health care which is
not only curative but also preventive.
This health care should be of good
quality and it should be provided at a
cost which does not provide financial
hardship to the common man of the
country. Significantly, the Millennium
Development Goals cannot be
achieved unless we provide the
universal health coverage to all the
population.

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Women Problems in India

WOMEN PROBLEMS IN INDIA

There are only two types of
women goddesses and doormats
says the famous artist Pablo Picasso.
India is a land which worships women
as goddesses yet burn them for
dowry and kill girls in the womb.
Multiple problems haunt them since
the day they are born. The position
of women has improved multifold
compared to the position centuries
ago. The practices like child marriage,
sati, devadasi system, purdah system
have almost disappeared. This could
be attributed to the changes brought
about by science and technology,
education, social and political
movements, modernization etc.
Constitution of India grants equal
status and where necessary provides
extra safeguards from exploitation
and injustice to women. It does not
make any discrimination on the
ground of sex. Though the position
of women has improved considerably
that what it used to be preindependence era now they are
beset with new stresses and strains.
Some major problems are analyzed
below.
Gender Discrimination
Female foeticide: Like many
societies around the world India is
also a patriarchal in nature. There is
an obsession for a male child who is
considered key to continue the family
lineage. With the legalization of
abortion in India lead to selective
abortion killing female fetus has
become an everyday reality. This lead
to the skewed growth of population.

The child sex ratio has dropped from

945 females per 1000 males in 1992
to 927 females per 1000 males
in2001. According to 2011 census
the ratio has slightly improved to 933
females per 1000 males but this cant
be attributed as a major improvement
over a decade period. This skewed
population growth has long term
impact on the society like female
trafficking, kidnapping and increase
in assault and rape against women.
Discrimination in distribution of
power and work : women is not
accepted as equal to male. They are
made to confine to domestic works
like cooking, cleaning, washing etc
termed as womens work. Women
workers are paid less than the male
workers. They were not allowed to
take part in politics. Reservation in
politics, education, jobs has
improved the condition of women.
Early marriage
marriage:
A vast
number of girls are married at an early
age. Approximately 60% of the rural
girls are married before they are 18
and bear children before they are 19.
Almost one third of the babies are
born with low birth weight. High
illiteracy , ignorance to sexual
behavior, malnutrition makes
pregnant girls take high risk of life.
Girls who get married before 18 are
more likely to experience domestic
violence compared to the those marry
later.
Dowry
Dowry: Max Radin has defined
dowry as the property, which a man
receives from his wife or her family at

the time of his marriage. Dowry may

be broadly defined as gifts and
valuables received in marriage by the
bride, the bridegroom and his
relatives. The age old practice of
dowry has now assumed a form of
social evil. The desire of a parent to
get his daughter married in a higher
and rich family makes them to accept
all the conditions from the boys side.
It has caused unhappiness and
misery to the brides family. Women
are ill-treated, disrespected, beaten
and subjected to all sorts of cruelties
and sometimes leading to deaths.
Dowry system degrades the self
respect of a women and reflects the
inferior status of women in the society.
Dowry prohibition act 1961amended
in 1986 was passed to curtail this but
still the practice continues to be in
vogue.
Violence: Women are the
most vulnerable section of the society
who are exposed to violence. Even
in the country which has improved
its education level still very day we
hear about the violence against the
women. This is the phenomena which
is not only restricted to the rural areas
the women ev in cities are also
equally vulnerable.. ganag rapes and
rapes of women in the houses and
public transport is frequent
phenemona in cites as developed as
delhi as well. As per the report [1994]
of the Crime Record Bureau of the
Central Home Ministry, crimes against
women increased to a great extent
in the year 1993-94. As per this
report, in India on an average,

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Women Problems in India

(i) Every day for every 6 minutes
one atrocity is committed against
woman; (ii) for every 44 minutes a
woman is kidnapped;
(iii) For every 47 minutes a
woman is raped;
(iv) Every day 17 dowry deaths
take place. The same report says that
crimes against women increased two
times in the last 10 years; instances of
rape by 400% in the last two decades;
instances of kidnapping and
blackmailing women by 30%
between 1974 and 1993. In 1993
alone about 82,818 instances of
crimes against women were
registered. Many cases are not

12

registered. It is said that only 10% of

the rape cases are reported.
Justice Verma Committee
formed after the 16th December 2012
Delhi rape case made change to the
Indian penal code and made crimes
and violence against women highly
stringent and punishment for the
crimes has been made more severe.
The main recommendations of the
committee are:
Punishment of not less than 20
years, which may also extend to life
and gang-rape followed by death,
should be punished with life
imprisonment.
The panel has recognized the

urgent need to curb all forms of

sexual offences like voyeurism,
stalking, acid attacks etc.
Every complaint of rape must
be registered by the police and civil
society should perform its duty to
report any case of rape coming to its
knowledge.
Though the laws are made
stringent but in order for them to
make significant changes in society,
society should accept it in heart. As
we have seen we already have laws
related to dowry and female feticide
but these problems still persists in the
Indian society.

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