PARALLEL POWER PROCESSING TOPOLOGY FOR SOLAR

PV APPLICATIONS
ABSTRACT

Fault location is historically one of the most appealing topics for people working in
Power Systems given that it involves several technical and scientific aspects, such as
electromagnetic transient, material engineering, instrumentation and measurement, reliability,
power electronic and so on. In the era of smart grid, the demand of intelligent measurement
systems capable of providing quickly and with high accuracy the right location of faults in power
networks is growing fast.
The increasing performance, higher efficiency, and decreasing cost of electronic power
converters have spurred a rediscovery and proliferation of dc power distribution systems. These
are especially of interest in micro grids, in data and telecom centers, in renewable energy
systems, in dc zonal power systems, and in other increasingly common industrial applications
that have no inherent 50/60 Hz ac nature. Instead of transformers, rectifiers, and inverters, each
with multiple phases, simple dc/dc converters are sufficient to interface sources and loads to the
system.
Although distribution of power in dc form, rather than ac, offers advantages such as
higher transmission efficiency, higher reliability, and ease of interfacing asynchronous sources,
enthusiasm for adopting dc technologies suffers from widespread concern over the means to
protect dc distribution systems against short-circuit faults, ground faults, and open circuit faults,
especially for multi terminal dc lines and multisource distribution systems. Traditionally, arcingtype mechanical circuit breakers are the most common form of protection for any power system.
This notional system contains several sources, energy storage elements, distribution buses, and
loads. Also shown are some representative locations where faults could occur in the system.

EXISTING SYSTEM:

The success of mechanical circuit breakers is largely attributable to the fact that
alternating currents naturally cross zero at every half-period, thereby creating conditions for self
extinction of arcs between the parting contacts. In a dc system, however, there are no natural zero
crossings so arc recovery demands that currents be forced to zero by additional means. Within
limited voltage and current ranges, dc circuit breakers can be made functional by incorporating
special structures, such as arc chutes, to dissipate and cool the arc sufficiently so that the arc
voltage eventually exceeds the system voltage, forcing the current to zero. But this approach
requires larger and more expensive devices, and is ineffective at higher voltages. Moreover, in dc
systems, fault currents are likely to be limited by the current limiting action of power converters.

DISADVANTAGES:
Need of mechanical circuit breakers
No priority
No more monitoring
Uncertain information in fault diagnosis problems
Convenient way to express incomplete

PROPOSED SYSTEM:
The proposed approach became a unique solution which led to a specific structure for the
intelligent tool to be used to solve the problem of simultaneous fault section estimation and
protective devices failure detection. Thus, two artificial neural networks have been proposed to
perform the fault section estimation and then artificial neural networks to perform protection
devices failure detection. Here we implement the system for the solar power grid monitoring
with load running depends upon the priority method.

ADVANTAGES:
Sensors implementation.
Priority with computerized monitoring..
Two way control with fault diagnosis

BLOCK DIAGRAM
POWER SUPPLY

LDR
UART
POTENTIAL
TRANSFORMER

PIC MICRO
CONTROLLER
PC

CURRENT
TRANSFORMER

TEMPERATURE
SENSOR

SOLAR PANEL

DRIVER
UNIT

BATTERY 1

BATTERY 2
LOAD 1

LOAD 2

LOAD 3

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

MICROCONTROLLER- measure the sensors and control the system in digital manner
ADC- convert all sensors value into digitally
TEMPERATURE SENSOR- measures the thermal parameter from the system.

VOLATGE SENSOR- measured the power parameter in-terms of voltage.

CURRENT SENSOR- measured the power parameter in-terms of current.
RELAY- control the machines by providing automatic switching
DEVICES- DC motor, cooling Fan and LED light
LDR SENSOR- detect the presence light intensity
BATTERY- act as a storage unit
UART- make serial communication b/w the UC and PC
PC-for monitoring purpose

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

KEIL COMPILER
EMBEDDED C
VISUAL BASIC