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GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
ADDITION is an extension or increase in floor
area or height of a building or structure.
III. GENERAL
ACCESS FLOOR SYSTEM is an assembly
consisting of panels mounted on pedestals to
provide an under-floor space for the installations
of mechanical, electrical, communications or
similar systems to serve as an air-supply or
return-air plenum.
AGRICULTURAL BUILDING is a structure
designed to house farm implements, hay, grain,
poultry, livestock or other horticultural products.
The structure shall not be a place of human
habitation or a place of employment where
agricultural products are processed, treated or
packaged, nor shall it be a place used by the
public.
ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN METHOD is a
method of proportioning structural elements
such that computed stresses produced in the
elements by the allowable stress load
combinations do not exceed specified allowable
stress (also called working stress design).
ASSEMBLY BUILDING is a building or portion
of a building for the gathering together of 50 or
more persons for such purposes as deliberation,
education, instruction, worship, entertainment,
amusement, drinking or dining, or awaiting
transportation.
AWNING is a shelter supported entirely from the
exterior wall of a building.
2.
to 18 meters.
2. Mean roof height, h, does not exceed
least horizontal dimension.
COMPONENTS AND CLADDING are elements
that do not qualify as part of the main wind-force
resisting system.
DESIGN FORCE, F, is the equivalent static
force to be used in the determination of wind
loads for open buildings and other structures.
DESIGN PRESSURE, p, is the equivalent static
pressure to be used in the determination of wind
loads for buildings.
EFFECTIVE WIND AREA is the area used to
determine GCp. For cladding fasteners, the
effective wind area shall not be greater than the
area that is tributary to an individual fastener.
FLEXIBLE BUILDINGS AND OTHER
STRUCTURES are slender buildings and other
structures that have a fundamental natural
frequency less than 1 Hz. Included are buildings
and other structures that have a height, h,
exceeding four times the least horizontal
dimension.
IMPORTANCE FACTOR, I, is a factor that
accounts for the degree of hazard to human life
and damage to property.
MAIN WIND-FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM is
an assemblage of structural elements assigned
to provide support and stability for the overall
structure. The system generally receives wind
loading from more than one surface.
RECOGNIZED LETERATURE are published
research findings and technical papers that are
approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
V. EARTHQUAKE
BASE is the level at which the earthquake
motions are considered to be imparted to the
structure or the level at which the structure as a
dynamic vibrator is supported.
BASE SHEAR, V, is the total design lateral
force or shear at the base of the structure.
BEARING WALL SYSTEM is a structural
system without a complete vertical load-carrying
space frame.
BOUNDARY ELEMENT is an element at the
edges or openings or at perimeters of shear
walls or diaphragms.
BRACED FRAME is an essentially vertical truss
system of the concentric or eccentric type that is
provided to resist lateral forces.
BUILDING FRAME SYSTEM is an essentially
complete space frame that provides support for
gravity loads.
CANTILEVERED COLUMN ELEMENT is a
column element provided to transfer lateralforce-resisting system that cantilevers from a
fixed base and has minimal moment capacity at
the top, with lateral forces applied essentially at
the top.
COLLECTOR is a member or element provide
to transfer lateral forces from a portion of a
structure top vertical elements of the lateralforce-resisting system.
COMPONENT is a part or element of an
architectural, electrical, mechanical or structural
system.
COMPONENT, EQUIPMENT, is a mechanical
or electrical component or element that is part of
a mechanical and/or electrical system.
COMPONENT, FLEXIBLE, is a component,
including its attachments, having a fundamental
period greater than 0.06 second.
COMPONENT, RIGID, is a component,
including its attachments, having a fundamental
period less than or equal to 0.06 second.
CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAME is a
braced frame in which the members are
subjected primarily to axial forces.
DESIGN BASIS GROUND MOTION is that
ground motion that has a 10% chance of being
exceeded in 50 years as by a site-specific
hazard analysis or may be determined by a
hazard map. A suite of ground motion time
histories with dynamic properties representative
of site characteristics shall be used to represent
this ground motion. The dynamic effects of the
Design Basis Ground Motion may be
represented by the Design Response Spectrum.
INTERMEDIATE MOMENT-RESISTING
FRAME (IMRF) is a concrete frame.
LATERAL-FORCE-RESISTING SYSTEM is that
part of the structural system.
story above.
SPACE FRAME is a three-dimensional
structural system, without bearing walls,
composed of members interconnected so as to
function as a complete self-contained unit with
or without the aid of horizontal diaphragms or
floor-bracing systems.
SPECIAL CONCENTRICALLY BRACED
FRAME (SCBF) is a steel-braced frame.
SPECIAL MOMENT-RESISTING FRAME
(SMRF) is a moment-resisting frame specially
detailed to provide ductile behavior.
SPECIAL TRUSS MOMENT FRAME (STMF) is
a moment-resisting frame specially detailed to
provide ductile behavior.
STORY is the space between levels.
STORY DRIFT is the lateral displacement of one
level relative to the level above or below.
STORY DRIFT RATIO is the story drift divided
by the story height.
STORY SHEAR, V, is the summation of design
lateral forces above the story under
consideration.
STRENGTH is the capacity of an element or a
member to resist factored load.
STRUCTURE is an assemblage of framing
members designed to support gravity loads and
resist lateral forces. Structures may be
categorized as building structures or nonbuilding
structures.
SUBDIAPHRAGM is a portion of a larger wood
diaphragm designed to anchor and transfer local
forces to primary diaphragm struts and the main
diaphragm.
VERTICAL LOAD-CARRYING FRAME is a
space frame designed to carry vertical gravity
loads.
WALL ANCHORAGE SYSTEM is the system of
elements anchoring the wall to the diaphragm
and those elements within the diaphragm
required to develop the anchorage forces,
including sub diaphragms and continuous ties.
VI. CONCRETE
ADMIXTURE is material other than water,
aggregate, or hydraulic cement used as an
ingredient of concrete and added to concrete
before or during its mixing to modify its
properties.
AGGREGATE is granular material, such as
sand, gravel, crushed stone and iron blastfurnace slag, and when used with a cementing
medium forms a hydraulic cement concrete or
mortar.
AGGREGATE, LIGHTWEIGHT, is aggregate
with a dry, loose weight of 1120 kg/cu.m. or less.
AIR-DRY WEIGHT is the unit weight of a
lightweight concrete specimen cured for seven
days with neither loss nor gain of moisture at
15deg.C to 27deg.C and dried for 21 days in 50
+- 7 percent relative humidity at 23deg.C +1.1deg.C.
ANCHORAGE DEVICE in post-tensioning is a
device used to anchor tendons to concrete
member; in pretensioning, a device used to
anchor tendons during hardening of concrete.
ANCHORAGE ZONE in post-tensioned
members is the portion of the member through
which the concentrated prestressing force is
transferred to the concrete and distributed more
uniformly across the section. Its extent is equal
to the largest dimension of the cross section. For
intermediate anchorage devices, the anchorage
zone includes the disturbed regions ahead of
and behind the anchorage devices.
BASIC MONOSTRAND ANCHORAGE DEVICE
is an anchorage device used with any single
16mm or smaller diameter bar that satisfies the
anchorage device requirements of the PostTensioning Institutes Specification for
Unbonded Single Strand Tendons.
BASIC MULTISTRAND ANCHORAGE DEVICE
is an anchorage device used with multiple
strands, bars or wires, or single bars larger than
16mm diameter that satisfies the bearing stress
and minimum plate stiffness requirements of
AASHTO Bridge Specifications.
included.
RESHORES are shores placed snugly under a
concrete slab or other structural member after
the original forms and shores have been
removed from a larger area, thus requiring the
new slab or structural member to deflect and
support its own weight and existing construction
loads applied prior to the installation of the
reshores.
SHEATHING is a material encasing a
prestressing tendon to prevent bonding the
tendon with the surrounding concrete, to provide
corrosion protection, and to contain the
corrosion inhibiting coating.
SHORES are vertical or inclined support
members designed to carry the weight of the
formwork, concrete and construction loads
above.
SPECIAL ANCHORAGE DEVICE is an
anchorage device that satisfies the standard
acceptance tests of AASHTO Standard
Specifications for Highway Bridges, Division II.
SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT is continuously
wound reinforcement in the form of a cylindrical
helix.
SPLITTING TENSILE STRENGTH (fct) is the
tensile strength of concrete determined in
accordance with ASTM C 496 as described in
Specifications for Lightweight Aggregate for
Structural Concrete (ASTM C 330).
STIRRUP is reinforcement used to resist shear
and torsion stresses in a structural member,
typically bars, wires, or welded wire fabric (plain
or deformed) bent into L, U or rectangular
shapes and located perpendicular to or at an
angle longitudinal reinforcement. (The term
stirrups is usually applied to lateral
reinforcement in flexural members and the term
ties to those in compression members.)
STRENGTH, DESIGN, is the nominal strength
multiplied by a strength-reduction factor, .
STRENGTH, NORMAL, is the strength of a
member or cross section calculated in
accordance with provisions and assumptions of
the strength design method before application of
any strength-reduction factors.
earthquake effects.
LIGHTWEIGHT-AGGREGATE CONCRETE is
an all-lightweight or sand-lightweight aggregate
concrete made with lightweight aggregates.
MOMENT FRAME is a space frame in which
members and joints resist forces through
flexure, shear, and axial force.
NONLINEAR ACTION LOCATION is the center
of the region of yielding in flexure, shear or axial
action.
NONLINEAR ACTION REGION is where the
member length over which nonlinear action
takes place. It shall be taken as extending a
distance of no less than h/2 on either side of the
nonlinear action location.
SEISMIC HOOK is a hook on a stirrup, hoop or
crosstie having a bend not less than 135
degrees, except that circular hoops shall have a
bend of not less than 90 degrees. Hooks shall
have a six-diameter (but not less than 75mm),
extension that engages the longitudinal
reinforcement and projects into the interior of the
stirrup or hoop.
SHELL CONCRETE is the concrete outside the
transverse reinforcement confining the concrete.
SPECIFIED LATERAL FORCES are lateral
forces corresponding to the appropriate
distribution of the design base shear force
prescribed by the governing code for
earthquake-resistant design.
STRONG CONNECTION is a connection that
remains elastic, while the designated nonlinear
action regions undergo inelastic response under
the Design Basis Ground Motion.
STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGMS are structural
members, such as floor and roof slabs, that
transmit inertial forces to lateral force resisting
members.
STRUCTURAL TRUSSES are assemblages of
reinforced concrete members subjected
primarily to axial forces.
STRUCTURAL WALLS are walls proportioned
to resist combinations of shears, moment, and
axial forces induced by earthquake motions.
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VIII. GENERAL
BLOCKED DIAPHRAGM is a diaphragm in
which all sheathing edges not occurring on
framing members are supported on an
connected to blocking.
CONVENTIONAL LIGHT-FRAME
CONSTRUCTION is a type of construction
whose primary structural elements are formed
by a system of repetitive wood-framing
members.
DIAPHRAGM is a horizontal or nearly horizontal
system acting to transmit lateral forces to the
vertical resisting elements. When the term
diaphragm is used, it includes horizontal
bracing systems.
FIBERBOARD is a fibrous-felted, homogenous
panel made from lignocellulosic fibers (usually
wood or crane) having a density of less than 497
kg/cu.m. but more than 160 kg/cu.m.
GLUED BUILT-UP MEMBERS are structural
elements, the section of which is composed of
built-up lumber, wood structural panels or wood
structural panels in combination with lumber, all
parts bonded together with adhesive.
GRADE (Lumber), the classification of lumber in
regard to strength and utility in accordance with
the grading rules of an approved lumber grading
agency.
HARDBOARD is a fibrous-felted, homogenous
panel made from lignocellulosic fibers
IX. GENERAL
AREAS:
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BOND:
ADHESION BOND is the adhesion between
masonry units and mortar or grout.
REINFORCING BOND is the adhesion
between steel reinforcement and mortar or
grout.
BOND BEAM is a horizontal grouted
element within masonry in which
reinforcement is embedded.
CELL is a void space having a gross crosssectional area greater than 967 sq. mm.
CLEANOUT is an opening to the bottom of
a grout space of sufficient size and spacing
to allow the removal of debris.
COLLAR JOINT is the mortared or grouted
space between wythes of masonry.
COLUMN, REINFORCED, is a vertical
structural member in which both the
reinforcement and masonry resist
compression.
placed.
DIMENSIONS:
ACTUAL DIMENSIONS are the measured
dimensions of s designed item. The actual
dimension shall not vary from the specified
dimension by more than the amount allowed
in the appropriate standard of quality.
NOMINAL DIMENSIONS of masonry units
are equal to its specified dimensions plus
the thickness of the joint with which the unit
is laid.
SPECIFIED DIMENSIONS are the
dimensions specified by the manufacturer
for construction of masonry, masonry units,
joints or any other component of a structure.
GROUT LIFT is an increment of grout height
within the total grout pour.
GROUT POUR is the total height of
masonry wall to be grouted prior to the
erection of additional masonry. A grout pour
will consist of one or more grout lifts.
GROUTED MASONRY:
GROUTED HOLLOW-UNIT MASONRY is
that form of grouted masonry construction in
which certain designated cells of hollow
units are continuously filled with grout.
GROUTED MULTIWYTHE MASONRY is
that form of grouted masonry construction in
which the space between the wythes is
solidly or periodically filled with grout.
WALLS:
BONDED WALL is a masonry wall in which
two or more wythes are bonded to act as a
structural unit.
CAVITY WALL is a wall containing
continuous air space with a minimum width
of 51mm and a maximum width of 114mm
between wythes, which are tied with metal
ties.
WALL TIE is a mechanical metal fastener,
which connects wythes of masonry to each
other or to other materials.
JOINTS:
BED JOINT is the mortar joint that is
horizontal at the time the masonry units are
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