MASTERS STUDY

F. L. WRIGHT(1867-1959)
GROUP MEMBERS-:
BHAWNA
DIVYA
HEMLA
KRATI
UMA

INTRODUCTION
He is known as Frank Lloyd
Wright .
F.L.Wright was born in
Richland center, Wisconsin
on June 8, 1867.
He died on Phoenix,
Arizona, on April 9, 1959, at
the age of 91.
His mother wants him to be
an architect.

 Wright spent a year and a half in

the School of Engineering at the
University of Wisconsin.
Wright by training was a
structural Engineer before
leaving school early.
Wright started work with Louis
Sullivan and Dankmar Adler
after training, who were working
on the auditorium theater in
Chicago.

Basic Principles of Wright Designs

HIS PROJECTS :

Florida southern collage

Winslow house(1893)
Larkin building(1904)
First National Bank of Dwight, illinois
Robie House (1906)
Unity temple.oak park(1905)
Taliesin School of Architecture
The Marin County (California) Civic Center (1962)
The Johnson Wax building in Racine, Wisconsin (1939)
Falling water (Mill Run, Pennsylvania, 1937)
Guggenhium museum,new york (1959)

WRIGHTS MAIN PROJECTS

FALLING WATER ,1936

GUGGENHEIUM MUSEUM,1959

Architect Frank Lloyd Wright

Ohiopyle, (Bear Run),

Location
Pennsylvania map
Date 1935-1939
Building Type House
Construction Syst
reinforced concrete, stone
em
Climate Temperate
Context Rural
Style Expressionist Modern
Notes S.230. Edgar J. Kaufmann
residence. Cantilevers
dramatically over rock outcropping
and rushing stream.

TOTAL COST

AREA

$155,000 (Included $8,000

architects fees, and $4,500 for
installed walnut furnishings)
The main house uses 5,330 square
feet. while the guest house uses
1,700 square. feet.

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FALLING WATER
Designed in 1935 and completed in 1939, Fallingwater is
recognized as one of the most
unique houses ever built in America.
It is a monument to Wright's concept of organic
architecture .
Edgar J. Kaufmann, who wanted a home near the waterfalls
of Bear Run. Wright took that notion to its extreme. "I want
you to live with the waterfall," he is said to have told
Kaufmann
The home was owned and used by the Kaufmann family
until 1963.
Mr. Kaufmann once said that Fallingwater is not an
institution, it is a humane experience. This guide
encourage you in order to heighten your own experience.

The structure rises more :than 30 feet above the falls, thus creating
the sheltering effect.
Two outdoor terraces extending prominently from the living room
and master bedroom comprise almost as much floor space as the
interior oft he house.
Wright planned each face of Fallingwater to blend with the natural
surroundings.
A series of four large bolsters built into a natural sandstone ledge
comprise the structure's foundation.
Three of these bolsters are made of reinforced concrete, and one is
made of stone masonry.
Three-foot wide girders daringly cantilever outward from the
bolsters approximately 15 feet over the stream.
These girders are the primary support for the main level terrace.

Perhaps this is most especially true of the home Fallingwater, where

house and land truly have merged to become one.
The structure is positioned over the falls in a series of cantilevered
concrete trays anchored to sandstone masonry walls.

Fallingwater
(Mill Run,
Pennsylvania,
1937) is
generally
considered to
be Wrights
residential
masterpiece.

Concrete joists (four inches wide) spaced at four feet on center

span.
The slab works integrally with the girders as a load-carrying T beam, while providing an aesthetically pleasing smooth finish on
the structure's underside.
The master bedroom terrace cantilevers (approx. six feet)
farther out than the main level terrace.
Four vertical structural steel T-shaped members span upward
from the main level to support the master terrace cantilever.
Interestingly, these members are also used as window mullions.
The problem Bar reinforcement is generally placed in the top
of cantilever members to carry tension.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

SECTION

Repair Procedures
The Fallingwater renovation plan
calls for both strengthening and
concrete repair.
At the main terrace level,
strengthening will include bonded
post-tension tendons parallel to
the cantilevered girders, and
unbonded tendons in the
transverse direction.
The strengthening plan also calls
for steel channel beams to be
bolted to each side of the master
level concrete joist directly above
the four 'T'-shaped mullions

THE PROBLEM :
Bar reinforcement is generally placed in the
top of cantilever members to carry tension
stresses creSuch loads ated by dead and live
loads.
at the master and main terraces include
stone flooring, furniture, people, and snow.
While the cantilever girders at the main level
contain sixteen one inch-square re-bars each.
This deficiency has caused both terraces to
sag downward towards the stream.
Cantilever deflections of up to seven
inches over the l5-foot cantilevers caused
tension cracks to appear at the parapet walls
at the master terrace.

CONCEPT

The building itself became a work of art. From the street, the building
looks like a white ribbon rolled into a cylindrical shape, slightly wider
at the top than at the bottom. Internally, the galleries form a spiral.
When asked why he chose a ramp rather than conventional floors,
Wright replied that the ramp was more welcoming to visitors, it was
better to rise to the upper levels and to descend slowly around an
open patio.
The reason of tilted wall- Because its founder Soloman R
Guggenhium and architect thought that the paintings in a gently
sloping wall can be seen with a better light and better than if they
were hung in an absolute vertical position. This is the main feature of
our building, the assumptions on which the project was conceived.

INTRODUCTION
In 1958 Wright designed the Guggenheim
Museum in New York city it is one of his
most famous buildings rising in a spiral
shape.
First museum established by the Solomon
R. Guggenheim foundation, dedicated to
modern art, founded in 1937.

Between 1943 and 1956, the start of

construction suffered numerous delays
due to changes in the conditions of the
site, changes in the agenda of the museum
and the increased costs of construction
materials, but finally, on August 16, 1956
the work of construction could begin.

Guggenheim died before construction was completed in 1959, but

when Wright died in April 1959, construction was finished, leaving
only some final details. Six months later, on October 21, the
museum opened its doors to the public.
In 1992, the building was supplemented by an adjoining rectangular
tower, taller than the original spiral, designed by the architectural
firm of Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects.

The exhibition, open to the public visiting the museum, also displays
the technology and technical instruments.
The materials used in its construction were basically precast concrete
blocks.

INTERIOR
The white paint used on the internal walls
makes the works of art stand out.
The skylight is supported by steel joints.
Wright directs visitors via a ramp to the
top of the building, and down a gentle
helicoidal ramp so that almost without
realizing it, the work set out at different
levels is interconnected, yet distinct
from one another by a small transitional
space that is almost imperceptible.

 The tour begins at the

entrance and slowly leads
visitors to a path where the
artworks are exposed along a
spiral ramp lit by a large
skylight at its zenith divided
in the shape of a citrus fruit.

An ideal
American
architecture
should
develop in
the image of
trees.
Frank Lloyd
Wright